References

Solid Earth

1869-9529

Copernicus Publications

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/se-5-1341-2014

Characterisation of the magmatic signature in gas emissions from Turrialba Volcano, Costa Rica

Moussallam

¹ Peters

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6817-6262

¹ Ramírez

² Oppenheimer

¹ Aiuppa

³ ⁴ Giudice

⁴

Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK

Red Sismológica Nacional, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose, Costa Rica

Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, Via archirafi 36, 90146, Palermo, Italy

Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo Via La Malfa, 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy

20 12 2014

5 2 1341 1350

2014

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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The equilibrium composition of volcanic gases with their magma is often overprinted by interaction with a shallow hydrothermal system. Identifying the magmatic signature of volcanic gases is critical to relate their composition to properties of the magma (temperature, fO2, gas-melt segregation depth). We report measurements of the chemical composition and flux of the major gas species emitted from Turrialba Volcano during March 2013. Measurements were made of two vents in the summit region, one of which opened in 2010 and the other in 2012. We determined an average SO2 flux of 5.2 ± 1.9 kg s-1 using scanning ultraviolet spectroscopy, and molar proportions of H2O, CO2, SO2, HCl, CO and H2 gases of 94.16, 4.03, 1.56, 0.23, 0.003 and 0.009% respectively by open-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and a multi-species gas-sensing system. Together, these data imply fluxes of 88, 8, 0.44, 5 × 10-3 and 1 × 10-3 kg s-1 for H2O, CO2, HCl, CO and H2 respectively. Although H2S was detected, its concentration could not be resolved. HF was not detected. The chemical signature of the gas from both vents was found to be broadly similar. Following the opening of the 2010 and 2012 vents we found limited to negligible interaction of the magmatic gas with the hydrothermal system has occurred and the gas composition of the volcanic plume is broadly representative of equilibrium with the magma. The time evolution of the gas composition, the continuous emission of large quantities of SO2, and the physical evolution of the summit area with new vent openings and more frequent eruptions all point towards a continuous drying of the hydrothermal system at Turrialba's summit at an apparently increasing rate.

Royal Geographical Society

Fieldwork Grant

Natural Environment Research Council

NERC Field Spectroscopy Facility

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