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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">SED</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Solid Earth Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">SED</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Solid Earth Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1869-9537</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/se-2020-122</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Imaging Seismic Wave-Fields with AlpArray and Neighboring European Networks</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tesch</surname>
<given-names>Marcel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stampa</surname>
<given-names>Johannes</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Meier</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kissling</surname>
<given-names>Edi</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9575-7951</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hetényi</surname>
<given-names>György</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-4761</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Friederich</surname>
<given-names>Wolfgang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Weber</surname>
<given-names>Michael</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Heit</surname>
<given-names>Ben</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Université de Lausanne</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Ruhr-Universität Bochum</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Universität Potsdam</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>31</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2020</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>26</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2020 Marcel Tesch et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://se.copernicus.org/preprints/se-2020-122/">This article is available from https://se.copernicus.org/preprints/se-2020-122/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://se.copernicus.org/preprints/se-2020-122/se-2020-122.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://se.copernicus.org/preprints/se-2020-122/se-2020-122.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The modern-day coverage and availability of broad-band stations in the greater Alpine area offered by AlpArray, Swath-D and the European seismological networks allows for imaging seismic wave-fields at yet unprecedented resolution. In the AlpArray area and in Italy, the distance of any point to the nearest station is less than 30&amp;thinsp;km, resulting in an average inter-station distance of about 45&amp;thinsp;km. With a much denser deployment in a smaller region of the Alps (320&amp;thinsp;km in length and 140&amp;thinsp;km wide), the Swath-D network possesses an average inter-station distance of about 15&amp;thinsp;km.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
We provide single event seismogram sections, time slices of teleseismic and regional wave-fields, and wave-field animations to reveal both the resolution capabilities of this dense station distribution as well as the enormous spatio-temporal complexity of seismic wave propagation. The time slices and wave-field animations demonstrate the need for dense regional arrays of broad-band stations, such as provided by AlpArray and neighboring networks, to resolve properties of teleseismic wave-fields. Here we present the images of coherent arrivals of direct body and surface waves, multiple body wave reflections, and multi-orbit phases for teleseismic and regional events with moment magnitudes larger than 6 over a time window of at least 2:45 hours.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Spatial observations of the wave-fields illustrate e.g. the decrease in horizontal wavelength from P to S to surface waves and the way in which they considerably deviate from plane waves, due to heterogeneous earth structures along the path from the source to the array and beneath the regional array itself. Tomographic imaging techniques for the deep structure beneath the regional array have to take this spatio-temporal variability into account and correct for it.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
The lateral resolution of the regional broad-band array is however dependent on station density, in this case limited to about 100&amp;thinsp;km. Only even denser station distributions like those provided by Swath-D suffice to recover wave-fields of short period body and surface waves.</p>
</abstract>
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</article-meta>
</front>
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