The special issue is dedicated to state-of-the art research on the Alps and the adjacent orogens. It will improve our understanding of mountain-building processes and the past and ongoing tectonic evolution in the region. This multi- and interdisciplinary effort integrates geophysics, tectonics, petrology, geochronology, and basin and surface studies. The contributions highlight recent efforts to image deep structures, track motion and deformation of the crust and mantle through time, and investigate the surface response to deep-seated processes. Thus, the volume will highlight recent results from the European AlpArray project, which has featured an unprecedentedly dense seismic station network in the Alpine region. We invite researchers from inside and outside the AlpArray project and from all fields to contribute to this volume.