In this study, we accurately constrain the uplift and cooling history of the central and northern western Ordos Basin using apatite fission tracks and (U-Th)/He dating methods, and reveal significant differences in the timing and intensity of uplift in different regions. These findings highlight spatial differences in the timing and rate of uplift in the western Ordos Basin. This suggests that the Yanshan orogenic movement had the most significant tectonic influence on the study area.

Subduction zones feature a large elevation difference between the deep oceanic trench and the high mountains on land, which causes stresses in the upper plate. We investigate how these topographic stresses affect the aftershock seismicity of large subduction earthquakes using analytical and numerical stress models. We show that topographic stresses have a large influence on aftershock seismicity and promoted most of the seismicity after the Tohoku-Oki (Japan) and Maule (Chile) earthquakes.

This study demonstrates that for slow earthquakes in the shallow Nankai subduction zone, (1) the velocity reductions in the accretionary prism reflect the stress field changes due to the slow earthquakes, and (2) the temporal variations in the heterogeneous structure correspond to upward fluid migrations from the source region of the slow earthquakes.

We simulate the effect of phase boundaries which are described by multiple Clapeyron slopes in P-T space on mantle geodynamics. We are motivated by two examples: the Rw-to-Brm+Pc reaction proceeding via Ak at cool temperatures, & a curving Gt-to-Brm boundary. Some have suggested these could change mantle dynamics. We find that this is unlikely for both reactions: the first due to the uniqueness of thermodynamic state, and the second due to the low value of Clapeyron slope and density change.

This study examines stress drops and earthquake nucleation in elasto-plastic media using 2D simulations, highlighting the importance of high temporal and spatial resolutions in capturing stress evolution and strain fields. Stress drops reflect fault rupture mechanics and emulate earthquake behavior. The non-Gaussian distribution of stress drop amplitudes resembles "solid turbulence." Elasto-plastic models simulate key earthquake processes and could improve seismic hazard assessment.

This paper presents a rigorous derivation of Gassmann's equations, grounded in thermodynamic principles and conservation laws, addressing gaps and potential inconsistencies in the original formulation. It also explores Biot's poroelastic equations, demonstrating that Gassmann's equations are a specific case within Biot’s framework. The study affirms the robustness of Gassmann's equations when assumptions are met, and symbolic Maple routines are provided to ensure reproducibility of the results.

We developed a deep learning model that uses hyperspectral imaging data to predict key physical rock properties, specifically density, slowness, and gamma-ray values. Our model successfully learned to translate hyperspectral information into predicted physical properties. Tests on independent data gave accurate results, demonstrating the potential of hyperspectral data for mapping physical rock properties.

Original geochemical data for the vast Cenozoic arc magmatism of Iran introduce three distinct rock series rooted in the mantle wedge. The LILE-rich and LILE-poor series show wet-slab melt metasomatism and dry-slab melt metasomatism signatures respectively. The third series rich in incompatible elements, ITE-rich, indicate the input of asthenosphere as well. Eocene-Early Miocene ages for the three series imply that the metasomatic events predate Eocene and the three series occur intermittently.

Local seismic tomography yields the highest-resolution 3D Q_p model in CSES. Low Q_p anomalies along faults and basins indicate high medium fragmentation, thick sediments, or fluid richness. Tengchong volcano's westward dipping high attenuation suggests magma flow. Most M6+ earthquakes occur in low attenuation zones or anomaly boundaries. The 2008 Wenchuan M_S 8.0 and 2013 Lushan M_S 7.0 epicenters were separated by a low attenuation area, indicating future major earthquake risks.

Our simulation considers the Mesozoic subduction of the Izanagi slab, which plays an irreplaceable role in the formation of stagnant Pacific slab within the MTZ. The magmas of the Changbaishan volcano may primarily originate from the super-hydrous melts caused by the Pacific slab dehydration in the MTZ. The upward escape of the entrained oceanic asthenospheric material as well as the piling up and thickening of the subducted Pacific slab may play secondary roles.

In some situations where the crust plates collide to each other, they deform by creating folds and thrusts. Based on thrusts development direction, they are categorized into fore- or back-thrusts. We use numerical simulation to investigate their development over geological time-scales. We examine the importance of rock strength, friction, displacement type and geometry on back-thrusting with regard to the final geometry of the deformation, as well as the distribution of porosity and stresses.

There is still considerable controversy over the duration of the subduction-collision orogeny process of the Wushan-Shangdan Ocean. Here, we present new geochronological and geochemical data for Silurian granites from the North Qinling Orogen. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the ocean had closed prior to 438 Ma; (2) The transition phase from syn-collision to post-collision took place between 429 and 421 Ma; (3) A three-stage tectonic model of the Wushan-Shangdan Ocean is proposed.

Our research aims to accurately differentiate the elastic properties of tight sands with thin shale beds and fractures. Traditional models struggle to distinguish between these two features. We developed a hybrid rock physics model. Our model's reliability is validated against well log data, revealing distinct anisotropic characteristics for thin shale beds and fractures. This model helps identify fractures more accurately, improving geophysical exploration.

Obtaining reliable estimates of the subsurface state distributions is essential to determine the location of e.g. potential nuclear waste disposal sites. However, providing these is challenging since it requires solving the problem numerous times yielding high computational cost. To overcome this, we use a physics-based machine learning method to construct surrogate models. We demonstrate how it produces physics-preserving predictions, which differentiates it from purely data-driven approaches.

In this manuscript, we investigated the kinematics and dynamics of strike-slip damage zones using laboratory mechanical tests and analogue modelling techniques. The results underline the importance of a multi-scale approach (from crustal to outcrop-scale) to improve the understanding of such deformation processes, deriving fundamental correlations with the physical and mechanical properties of the model materials applied in the experiments.

West Norwegian 'diamond facies' eclogite contains tiny mineral inclusions of quartz and amphibole lamellae that are not stable in the diamond field. Low trace amounts of water in the lamellae-bearing host minerals suggest that the inclusion microstructure was not formed by fluid infiltration but by dehydration during early exhumation of these rocks. Some samples with higher water content argue that a late fluid overprint was spatially restricted and obliterated evidence of extreme metamorphism.