This study compares four regularization methods for deep seismic reflection data from the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt, South China. The optimal method regularizes and interpolates shot gathers at 100-meter intervals, improving signal-to-noise ratio and resolution, reducing artifacts, and yielding clearer seismic images. Results show data regularization is critical in deep seismic imaging for reliable geological interpretation and accurate mineral deposit detection.

The Outer Thrust System (OTS) in coastal Abruzzi (Italy) remains debated in terms of its geometry, seismic activity, and deformation style. This study presents a new seismic tomography of the Abruzzi Arc basal thrust, revealing mid-crustal doubling at depths of 14–24 km. The conceptual 3D model highlights deep compressive tectonics influencing the crustal structure. If the thrust is seismogenic, it could have significant implications for regional geodynamics and seismic hazard assessment.

This study integrates geological and geophysical data to examine controls of sedimentary factors, earth stress, and tectonic structure on fracture distribution in deep and ultra-deep sandstones in Kuqa Depression. Key findings show fracture density increases with sandbody thickness and paleostress magnitude, is higher near faults and fold hinges, and is favored by thinner sand-mud interbeds. Increased horizontal stress differences contributes to reduced fracture apertures.

We use statistical tests to infer M_MAX (maximum possible magnitude) from an earthquake catalogue and focus on data from three underground laboratories with controlled injection experiments. There, we find clear evidence for M_MAX bounds and corroborate interpretations of fracture growth against other geophysical studies. Unbound sequences occur when stimulation is directed towards pre-existing faults. The validation of our methods against well-studied cases is encouraging and will help validate future interpretations.

Layer silicates (phyllosilicates) are important minerals because of their ubiquity on the Earth’s crust and due to their ability to release water in the mantle. The present study focuses on the elastic properties of a specific phyllosilicate known as phlogopite [KMg₃Si₃AlO₁₀(OH)₂], which were characterised using first-principles methods. The results show the mineral's anisotropic mechanical behaviour, which also depends on how the mineral layers are stacked in the crystal structure.

Accretionary wedges are the prime locations of exhumed high-pressure (HP) and low-temperature (LT) metamorphic rocks. Previous tectonic models invoked the corner flow theory with a premise of slab-parallel motion to explain the upward return flow of buried metasediments. In this study, we develop a generalized corner flow model with additional kinematic and rheological factors and evaluate the limiting conditions in which a wedge can set in significant return flows.

When in extension, the Earth's crust accommodates deformation by breaking. Through time, faults grow into an intricate network that can be detected by changes in topography, or through modelling (numerical or analogue). This study demonstrates how the Python library Fatbox, the Fault Analysis Toolbox, can extract the network pattern automatically from said datasets and measure the geometry and kinematics of the fault network.

The volume increase associated with many hydration reactions can fracture the surrounding rock, creating new fluid pathways that impact the distribution of fluids and hydration. However, it is unclear how this process is impacted by the background stress state, which varies across tectonic settings. We ran simulations that indicate the fracture pattern is sensitive to the background stress state, suggesting that it may be a key factor guiding hydration in the lithosphere.

We introduce TCSEIS-1D, a new open-source software that connects the physical and chemical structure of the Earth’s crust and mantle with seismic observations. This relationship is often difficult to model, but TCSEIS-1D simplifies the process using geophysical and thermodynamic principles. It allows scientists to explore how variations in temperature and composition influence surface wave dispersion and receiver functions, helping to interpret what seismic data reveals about Earth's interior.

In Germany, claystones are studied for their suitability as host-rocks for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. The MATURITY project systematically investigates how gradual burial affects physical properties in the Lower Jurassic Amaltheenton Formation of the Lower Saxony Basin (Germany). Understanding these changes helps assess claystone suitability for long-term waste isolation, improving site selection for deep geological repositories.

We compare seismometers with the 6C method, which combines rotational and seismometer data, determining signal directions and wave velocities for short and continuous low-frequency volcanic signals at Mt. Etna. Either the cluster or the rotational sensor reliably detect continuous signal directions, aligning with the observatory data. For short signals, 6C directions deviate more, likely due to a complex underground. Combining both methods' velocity results improves understanding volcanic waves.

We studied the crust beneath Celebes Sea and Makassar Strait in East Indonesia to better understand how the region formed and moves today. Using ocean-bottom and land-based seismometers, we discovered significant differences in crust thickness and unusual underground structures associated with major faults. These findings help explain past tectonic activity and may improve understanding of earthquake hazards in the area.

Contrary to current CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) models, reaction experiments conducted at subsurface stress and temperature conditions reveal that feldspars, common, reactive grains in sandstone reservoirs, can undergo significant chemical and mechanical changes when exposed to CO₂ enriched water. These chemo-mechanical processes, including grain fracturing, dissolution, and clay precipitation, can modify fluid pathways and rock strength, potentially reducing reservoir productivity and increasing leakage risk.

Curling stones often collide with each other during a game. Over time, these collisions cause damage in the striking bands on the sides of the stones. We determined experimentally how hard these stones collide into one another. We then looked at old curling stones to understand how damage builds up in these rocks. We found that early, fast impacts produce fractures until the striking band is saturated in fractures. Repeated impacts after this stage make fractures grow.

The northwestern region of Bangladesh, an extension of India's ancient landmass, differs geologically from the sediment-covered rest of the country. Our research using gravity, magnetic, seismic, and drilling methods revealed distinctive magnetic anomalies suggesting gabbro rocks along fault lines, forming patterns of elevated and depressed blocks underground. This structural model, particularly in the Rangpur Saddle area, indicates significant potential for mineral resources.

We combined satellite radar and GPS data to model how the faults in El Salvador and nearby regions accumulate deformation. Motion across the central El Salvador Fault Zone is shared by several fault branches, while the offshore subduction zone appears to be weakly locked. These results improve the understanding of regional deformation and seismic hazard in Central America.