We evaluate the changes in geometry, kinematic sequence, and shortening rates that are necessary for integrating the cross-section geometry and kinematics with a thermal model and a landscape evolution model. Model results highlight that a combination of uplift over a northernly fault ramp and young out-of-sequence thrusts is required to reproduce the cooling ages and modern geomorphic metrics in western Nepal.

Two rare earthquakes in the Bohemian Massif in 2024 and 2025 were analysed from crowdsourced macroseismic and seismological data. Both events occurred at large depths (~ 24 km) and were widely felt. Non-even distribution of observations reflects contrasting attenuation and control on geology in the Bohemian Massif. Results show that crowdsourced data can effectively constrain deep geological structures and complement instrumental observations in regions with sparse seismicity.

Faults and fractures can act as long-lived pathways that move lithium through the Earth. By combining field observations, chemical analyses, and dating of minerals, we show that these structures repeatedly channel fluids over millions of years. This process controls where lithium accumulates and helps explain how valuable deposits form. Understanding these pathways improves our ability to identify and assess lithium resources.

Earth’s solid shell is made of stiff tectonic plates which can break apart to form new weak plate boundaries. We use numerical models of plate extension to investigate how mechanical properties control the concentration of deformation leading to such a boundary as hot mantle rises underneath. We highlight feedbacks, and quantify how and why, under various deformation mechanisms, the plate weakens as temperature and strain rate increase. We compare the model predictions to natural rifting cases.

This study investigates gas hydrate distribution in the Danube Fan, NW Black Sea. Using seismic data and drilling results, we analysed the structure, composition, and gas content of underconsolidated sediments. Gas hydrates are present in low concentration and patchy distribution. Free gas is trapped beneath the hydrate stability zone. The area shows signs of past slope failures linked to weak sediments and gas accumulation. The study provides insights into how gas hydrate systems evolve.

We studied Middle Triassic calc-alkaline rocks from the Alps–Dinarides transition zone to clarify their origin and tectonic provenance. Zircon geochronology dates them at 246 to 240 million years. Phengitic muscovite geobarometry reveals high-pressure, low-temperature (HP–LT) metamorphic overprint, indicating deep burial during Cretaceous Eoalpine subduction. Their present tectonic position reflects large-scale post-metamorphic extrusion, revising present understanding of the tectonics of the Alps–Dinarides transition zone.