The recently studies have revealed that the basin-related hydrothermal mineral deposits are the products of metal-rich saline brines that source from saline lakes. Therefore, climate is an important factor that affects the global basin-related metallogeny. The author has compiled statistics for the world's major basin-related ore deposits, and the world's major saline deposits. The statistical results show that they coupled with each other well in time and space.

Rifting and the break-up of continents is a key aspect of Earth’s plate tectonic system. A thorough understanding of the geological processes involved in rifting, as well as of the associated natural hazards and resources, is of great importance in the context of the energy transition. Here, we provide a coherent overview of rift processes and the links with hazards and resources, and we assess future challenges and opportunities for (collaboration between) researchers, government, and industry.