Articles | Volume 15, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1385-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1385-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Nov 2024
Research article |
| 27 Nov 2024
| 27 Nov 2024
Geophysical downhole logging analysis within the shallow-depth ICDP STAR drilling project (central Italy)
Paola Montone
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Rome, Italy
Simona Pierdominici
GFZ, German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
M. Teresa Mariucci
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Rome, Italy
Francesco Mirabella
Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy (member of CRUST – Centro inteRUniversitario per l'analisi SismoTettonica tridimensionale con applicazioni territoriali)
Marco Urbani
Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy (member of CRUST – Centro inteRUniversitario per l'analisi SismoTettonica tridimensionale con applicazioni territoriali)
Assel Akimbekova
Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy (member of CRUST – Centro inteRUniversitario per l'analisi SismoTettonica tridimensionale con applicazioni territoriali)
Lauro Chiaraluce
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Rome, Italy
Wade Johnson
EarthScope Consortium, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
Massimiliano Rinaldo Barchi
Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy (member of CRUST – Centro inteRUniversitario per l'analisi SismoTettonica tridimensionale con applicazioni territoriali)
Related authors
Lauro Chiaraluce, Richard Bennett, David Mencin, Wade Johnson, Massimiliano Rinaldo Barchi, Marco Bohnhoff, Paola Baccheschi, Antonio Caracausi, Carlo Calamita, Adriano Cavaliere, Adriano Gualandi, Eugenio Mandler, Maria Teresa Mariucci, Leonardo Martelli, Simone Marzorati, Paola Montone, Debora Pantaleo, Stefano Pucci, Enrico Serpelloni, Mariano Supino, Salvatore Stramondo, Catherine Hanagan, Liz Van Boskirk, Mike Gottlieb, Glen Mattioli, Marco Urbani, Francesco Mirabella, Assel Akimbekova, Simona Pierdominici, Thomas Wiersberg, Chris Marone, Luca Palmieri, and Luca Schenato
Sci. Dril., 33, 173–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-173-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-173-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We built six observatory stations in central Italy to monitor a fault potentially capable of generating a strong earthquake. Each site has 80–160 m deep wells equipped with strainmeters and seismometers. At the surface, we placed GNSS antennas and seismic and meteorological sensors. All data, which are open access for the scientific community, will help us to better understand the complex physical and chemical processes that lead to the generation of the full range of slow and fast earthquakes.
Elham Safarzadeh, Maurizio Ercoli, Filippo Carboni, Francesco Mirabella, Assel Akimbekova, and Massimiliano Rinaldo Barchi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-941, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-941, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Solid Earth (SE).
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new geological model of the Fano-Pesaro offshore area, refining its tectonic framework. We identified multiple fault detachments at different depths, influencing thrust system dynamics and deformation. This work highlights the importance of integrating seismic and borehole data, even legacy, to build reliable subsurface models. These findings contribute to improved seismic hazard assessment and support offshore energy development and carbon storage projects.
Lauro Chiaraluce, Richard Bennett, David Mencin, Wade Johnson, Massimiliano Rinaldo Barchi, Marco Bohnhoff, Paola Baccheschi, Antonio Caracausi, Carlo Calamita, Adriano Cavaliere, Adriano Gualandi, Eugenio Mandler, Maria Teresa Mariucci, Leonardo Martelli, Simone Marzorati, Paola Montone, Debora Pantaleo, Stefano Pucci, Enrico Serpelloni, Mariano Supino, Salvatore Stramondo, Catherine Hanagan, Liz Van Boskirk, Mike Gottlieb, Glen Mattioli, Marco Urbani, Francesco Mirabella, Assel Akimbekova, Simona Pierdominici, Thomas Wiersberg, Chris Marone, Luca Palmieri, and Luca Schenato
Sci. Dril., 33, 173–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-173-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-173-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We built six observatory stations in central Italy to monitor a fault potentially capable of generating a strong earthquake. Each site has 80–160 m deep wells equipped with strainmeters and seismometers. At the surface, we placed GNSS antennas and seismic and meteorological sensors. All data, which are open access for the scientific community, will help us to better understand the complex physical and chemical processes that lead to the generation of the full range of slow and fast earthquakes.
Cécile Massiot, Ludmila Adam, Eric S. Boyd, S. Craig Cary, Daniel R. Colman, Alysia Cox, Ery Hughes, Geoff Kilgour, Matteo Lelli, Domenico Liotta, Karen G. Lloyd, Tiipene Marr, David D. McNamara, Sarah D. Milicich, Craig A. Miller, Santanu Misra, Alexander R. L. Nichols, Simona Pierdominici, Shane M. Rooyakkers, Douglas R. Schmitt, Andri Stefansson, John Stix, Matthew B. Stott, Camille Thomas, Pilar Villamor, Pujun Wang, Sadiq J. Zarrouk, and the CALDERA workshop participants
Sci. Dril., 33, 67–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-67-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-67-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanoes where tectonic plates drift apart pose eruption and earthquake hazards. Underground waters are difficult to track. Underground microbial life is probably plentiful but unexplored. Scientists discussed the idea of drilling two boreholes in the Okataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand, to unravel the connections between volcano, faults, geotherms, and the biosphere, also integrating mātauranga Māori (Indigenous knowledge) to assess hazards and manage resources and microbial ecosystems.
Tomáš Fischer, Pavla Hrubcová, Torsten Dahm, Heiko Woith, Tomáš Vylita, Matthias Ohrnberger, Josef Vlček, Josef Horálek, Petr Dědeček, Martin Zimmer, Martin P. Lipus, Simona Pierdominici, Jens Kallmeyer, Frank Krüger, Katrin Hannemann, Michael Korn, Horst Kämpf, Thomas Reinsch, Jakub Klicpera, Daniel Vollmer, and Kyriaki Daskalopoulou
Sci. Dril., 31, 31–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-31-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-31-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The newly established geodynamic laboratory aims to develop modern, comprehensive, multiparameter observations at depth for studying earthquake swarms, crustal fluid flow, mantle-derived fluid degassing and processes of the deep biosphere. It is located in the West Bohemia–Vogtland (western Eger Rift) geodynamic region and comprises a set of five shallow boreholes with high-frequency 3-D seismic arrays as well as continuous real-time fluid monitoring at depth and the study of the deep biosphere.
Felix Kästner, Simona Pierdominici, Judith Elger, Alba Zappone, Jochem Kück, and Christian Berndt
Solid Earth, 11, 607–626, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-607-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-607-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge about physical properties at depth is crucial to image and understand structures linked with orogenic processes. We examined seismic velocities from core and downhole data from the COSC-1 borehole, Sweden, and calibrated our results with laboratory measurements on core samples. Despite a strong mismatch between the core and downhole velocities due to microcracks, mafic units are resolved at all scales, while at sample scale, strong seismic anisotropy correlates with the rock foliation.
Maurizio Ercoli, Emanuele Forte, Massimiliano Porreca, Ramon Carbonell, Cristina Pauselli, Giorgio Minelli, and Massimiliano R. Barchi
Solid Earth, 11, 329–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-329-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-329-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a first application of seismic attributes, a well-known technique in the oil and gas industry, to vintage seismic reflection profiles in a seismotectonic study. Our results improve data interpretability, allowing us to detect peculiar geophysical signatures of faulting and a regional seismogenic layer. We suggest a new tool for both seismotectonic research and assessments of the seismic hazard, not only in the central Apennines (Italy), but also in seismically active areas abroad.
Dougal A. Jerram, John M. Millett, Jochem Kück, Donald Thomas, Sverre Planke, Eric Haskins, Nicole Lautze, and Simona Pierdominici
Sci. Dril., 25, 15–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-15-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-15-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This contribution highlights a combined research effort to collect a combined core and down-borehole geophysics data set on two boreholes from the main island on Hawaii. The results represent one of the most complete data sets of fully cored volcanics with associated borehole measurements, which can be confidently matched directly between remote data and core. The data set and results of this study include findings which should enable improved borehole facies analysis through volcanic sequences.
Luigi Vadacca, Emanuele Casarotti, Lauro Chiaraluce, and Massimo Cocco
Solid Earth, 7, 1537–1549, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1537-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1537-2016, 2016
L. Chiaraluce, C. Collettini, M. Cattaneo, and G. Monachesi
Sci. Dril., 17, 31–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-31-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-31-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject area: Crustal structure and composition | Editorial team: Seismics, seismology, paleoseismology, geoelectrics, and electromagnetics | Discipline: Geophysics
On the crustal composition of the Sardinia–Corsica continental block inferred from receiver functions
Multiphysics property prediction from hyperspectral drill core data
Post-Caledonian tectonic evolution of the Precambrian and Paleozoic platform boundary zone offshore Poland based on the new and vintage multi-channel reflection seismic data
Comparison of surface-wave techniques to estimate S- and P-wave velocity models from active seismic data
Complex fault system revealed by 3-D seismic reflection data with deep learning and fault network analysis
Advanced seismic characterization of a geothermal carbonate reservoir – insight into the structure and diagenesis of a reservoir in the German Molasse Basin
Electrical conductivity of anhydrous and hydrous gabbroic melt under high temperature and high pressure: implications for the high-conductivity anomalies in the mid-ocean ridge region
Formation and geophysical character of transitional crust at the passive continental margin around Walvis Ridge, Namibia
Utilisation of probabilistic magnetotelluric modelling to constrain magnetic data inversion: proof-of-concept and field application
Comparison of straight-ray and curved-ray surface wave tomography approaches in near-surface studies
3D deep geothermal reservoir imaging with wireline distributed acoustic sensing in two boreholes
3D high-resolution seismic imaging of the iron oxide deposits in Ludvika (Sweden) using full-waveform inversion and reverse time migration
Three-dimensional reflection seismic imaging of the iron oxide deposits in the Ludvika mining area, Sweden, using Fresnel volume migration
Drone-based magnetic and multispectral surveys to develop a 3D model for mineral exploration at Qullissat, Disko Island, Greenland
Ambient seismic noise analysis of LARGE-N data for mineral exploration in the Central Erzgebirge, Germany
Surface-wave tomography for mineral exploration: a successful combination of passive and active data (Siilinjärvi phosphorus mine, Finland)
Imaging crustal structures through a passive seismic imaging approach in a mining area in Saxony, Germany
Reverse time migration (RTM) imaging of iron oxide deposits in the Ludvika mining area, Sweden
Near-surface structure of the Sodankylä area in Finland, obtained by passive seismic interferometry
Evolution of the Iberian Massif as deduced from its crustal thickness and geometry of a mid-crustal (Conrad) discontinuity
Four-dimensional tracer flow reconstruction in fractured rock through borehole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) monitoring
Moho topography beneath the European Eastern Alps by global-phase seismic interferometry
Seismic imaging across fault systems in the Abitibi greenstone belt – an analysis of pre- and post-stack migration approaches in the Chibougamau area, Quebec, Canada
Wireline distributed acoustic sensing allows 4.2 km deep vertical seismic profiling of the Rotliegend 150 °C geothermal reservoir in the North German Basin
Sparse 3D reflection seismic survey for deep-targeting iron oxide deposits and their host rocks, Ludvika Mines, Sweden
Fault sealing and caprock integrity for CO2 storage: an in situ injection experiment
What can seismic noise tell us about the Alpine reactivation of the Iberian Massif? An example in the Iberian Central System
In situ hydromechanical responses during well drilling recorded by fiber-optic distributed strain sensing
Coherent diffraction imaging for enhanced fault and fracture network characterization
Seismic evidence for failed rifting in the Ligurian Basin, Western Alpine domain
Azimuth-, angle- and frequency-dependent seismic velocities of cracked rocks due to squirt flow
Characteristics of a fracture network surrounding a hydrothermally altered shear zone from geophysical borehole logs
Bayesian full-waveform inversion of tube waves to estimate fracture aperture and compliance
Correlation of core and downhole seismic velocities in high-pressure metamorphic rocks: a case study for the COSC-1 borehole, Sweden
Prediction of seismic P-wave velocity using machine learning
Large-scale electrical resistivity tomography in the Cheb Basin (Eger Rift) at an International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) monitoring site to image fluid-related structures
Anisotropic P-wave travel-time tomography implementing Thomsen's weak approximation in TOMO3D
Full-waveform inversion of short-offset, band-limited seismic data in the Alboran Basin (SE Iberia)
Fault interpretation in seismic reflection data: an experiment analysing the impact of conceptual model anchoring and vertical exaggeration
Improving the quality of empirical Green's functions, obtained by cross-correlation of high-frequency ambient seismic noise
Quantifying the impact of the structural uncertainty on the gross rock volume in the Lubina and Montanazo oil fields (Western Mediterranean)
What happens to fracture energy in brittle fracture? Revisiting the Griffith assumption
Constraining the geotherm beneath the British Isles from Bayesian inversion of Curie depth: integrated modelling of magnetic, geothermal, and seismic data
Crustal-scale depth imaging via joint full-waveform inversion of ocean-bottom seismometer data and pre-stack depth migration of multichannel seismic data: a case study from the eastern Nankai Trough
Imaging the East European Craton margin in northern Poland using extended correlation processing of regional seismic reflection profiles
Ionian Abyssal Plain: a window into the Tethys oceanic lithosphere
Granite microporosity changes due to fracturing and alteration: secondary mineral phases as proxies for porosity and permeability estimation
3-D seismic travel-time tomography validation of a detailed subsurface model: a case study of the Záncara river basin (Cuenca, Spain)
The effect of rock composition on muon tomography measurements
Seismic imaging of dyke swarms within the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone (Sweden) and implications for thermal energy storage
Fabio Cammarano, Henrique Berger Roisenberg, Alessio Conclave, Islam Fadel, and Mark van der Meijde
Solid Earth, 16, 135–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-135-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-135-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Sardinia and Corsica separated and have been drifting in the Mediterranean Sea for 35 Myr due to the retreat of the Ionian plate beneath the Tyrrhenian Sea. Using in-house and public data, we measured and interpreted receiver functions based on prior geophysical and petrological studies. Our findings indicate that the islands' ancient continental structure remains mostly unchanged. Alpine orogenesis about 50 million years ago influenced Corsica's crust, enriching it with water-bearing minerals.
Akshay Kamath, Samuel Thiele, Moritz Kirsch, and Richard Gloaguen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3448, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3448, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a deep learning model that uses hyperspectral imaging data to predict key physical rock properties, specifically density, slowness, and gamma-ray values. Our model successfully learned to translate hyperspectral information into predicted physical properties. Tests on independent data gave accurate results, demonstrating the potential of hyperspectral data for mapping physical rock properties.
Quang Nguyen, Michal Malinowski, Stanisław Mazur, Sergiy Stovba, Małgorzata Ponikowska, and Christian Hübscher
Solid Earth, 15, 1029–1046, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our work demonstrates the following: (1) an efficient seismic data-processing strategy focused on suppressing shallow-water multiple reflections. (2) An improvement in the quality of legacy marine seismic data. (3) A seismic interpretation of sedimentary successions overlying the basement in the transition zone from the Precambrian to Paleozoic platforms. (4) The tectonic evolution of the Koszalin Fault and its relation to the Caledonian Deformation Front offshore Poland.
Farbod Khosro Anjom, Frank Adler, and Laura Valentina Socco
Solid Earth, 15, 367–386, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Most surface-wave techniques focus on estimating the S-wave velocity (VS) model and consider the P-wave velocity (VP) model as prior information in the inversion step. Here, we show the application of three surface-wave methods to estimate both VS and VP models. We apply the methods to the data from a hard-rock site that were acquired through the irregular source–receiver recording technique. We compare the outcomes and performances of the methods in detail.
Thilo Wrona, Indranil Pan, Rebecca E. Bell, Christopher A.-L. Jackson, Robert L. Gawthorpe, Haakon Fossen, Edoseghe E. Osagiede, and Sascha Brune
Solid Earth, 14, 1181–1195, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We need to understand where faults are to do the following: (1) assess their seismic hazard, (2) explore for natural resources and (3) store CO2 safely in the subsurface. Currently, we still map subsurface faults primarily by hand using seismic reflection data, i.e. acoustic images of the Earth. Mapping faults this way is difficult and time-consuming. Here, we show how to use deep learning to accelerate fault mapping and how to use networks or graphs to simplify fault analyses.
Sonja H. Wadas, Johanna F. Krumbholz, Vladimir Shipilin, Michael Krumbholz, David C. Tanner, and Hermann Buness
Solid Earth, 14, 871–908, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-871-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-871-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The geothermal carbonate reservoir below Munich, Germany, is extremely heterogeneous because it is controlled by many factors like lithology, diagenesis, karstification, and tectonic deformation. We used a 3D seismic single- and multi-attribute analysis combined with well data and a neural-net-based lithology classification to obtain an improved reservoir concept outlining its structural and diagenetic evolution and to identify high-quality reservoir zones in the Munich area.
Mengqi Wang, Lidong Dai, Haiying Hu, Ziming Hu, Chenxin Jing, Chuanyu Yin, Song Luo, and Jinhua Lai
Solid Earth, 14, 847–858, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-847-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-847-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first time that the electrical conductivity of gabbroic melt was assessed at high temperature and high pressure. The dependence of electrical conductivity on the degree of depolymerization was also explored. Electrical conductivity of gabbroic melts can be employed to interpret high-conductivity anomalies in the Mohns Ridge of the Arctic Ocean. This is of widespread interest to potential readers in high-pressure rock physics, solid geophysics, and deep Earth science.
Gesa Franz, Marion Jegen, Max Moorkamp, Christian Berndt, and Wolfgang Rabbel
Solid Earth, 14, 237–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-237-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-237-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our study focuses on the correlation of two geophysical parameters (electrical resistivity and density) with geological units. We use this computer-aided correlation to improve interpretation of the Earth’s formation history along the Namibian coast and the associated formation of the South Atlantic Ocean. It helps to distinguish different types of sediment cover and varieties of oceanic crust, as well as to identify typical features associated with the breakup of continents.
Jérémie Giraud, Hoël Seillé, Mark D. Lindsay, Gerhard Visser, Vitaliy Ogarko, and Mark W. Jessell
Solid Earth, 14, 43–68, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-43-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-43-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We propose and apply a workflow to combine the modelling and interpretation of magnetic anomalies and resistivity anomalies to better image the basement. We test the method on a synthetic case study and apply it to real world data from the Cloncurry area (Queensland, Australia), which is prospective for economic minerals. Results suggest a new interpretation of the composition and structure towards to east of the profile that we modelled.
Mohammadkarim Karimpour, Evert Slob, and Laura Valentina Socco
Solid Earth, 13, 1569–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1569-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1569-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Near-surface characterisation is of great importance. Surface wave tomography (SWT) is a powerful tool to model the subsurface. In this work we compare straight-ray and curved-ray SWT at near-surface scale. We apply both approaches to four datasets and compare the results in terms of the quality of the final model and the computational cost. We show that in the case of high data coverage, straight-ray SWT can produce similar results to curved-ray SWT but with less computational cost.
Evgeniia Martuganova, Manfred Stiller, Ben Norden, Jan Henninges, and Charlotte M. Krawczyk
Solid Earth, 13, 1291–1307, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1291-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1291-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate the applicability of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) acquired using wireline distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology for deep geothermal reservoir imaging and characterization. Borehole DAS data provide critical input for seismic interpretation and help assess small-scale geological structures. This case study can be used as a basis for detailed structural exploration of geothermal reservoirs and provide insightful information for geothermal exploration projects.
Brij Singh, Michał Malinowski, Andrzej Górszczyk, Alireza Malehmir, Stefan Buske, Łukasz Sito, and Paul Marsden
Solid Earth, 13, 1065–1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1065-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1065-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fast depletion of shallower deposits is pushing the mining industry to look for cutting-edge technologies for deep mineral targeting. We demonstrated a joint workflow including two state-of-the-art technologies: full-waveform inversion and reverse time migration. We produced Earth images with significant details which can help with better estimation of areas with high mineralisation, better mine planning and safety measures.
Felix Hloušek, Michal Malinowski, Lena Bräunig, Stefan Buske, Alireza Malehmir, Magdalena Markovic, Lukasz Sito, Paul Marsden, and Emma Bäckström
Solid Earth, 13, 917–934, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Methods for mineral exploration play an important role within the EU. Exploration must be environmentally friendly, cost effective, and feasible in populated areas. Seismic methods have the potential to deliver detailed images of mineral deposits but suffer from these demands. We show the results for a sparse 3D seismic dataset acquired in Sweden. The 3D depth image allows us to track the known mineralizations beyond the known extent and gives new insights into the geometry of the deposit.
Robert Jackisch, Björn H. Heincke, Robert Zimmermann, Erik V. Sørensen, Markku Pirttijärvi, Moritz Kirsch, Heikki Salmirinne, Stefanie Lode, Urpo Kuronen, and Richard Gloaguen
Solid Earth, 13, 793–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-793-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-793-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We integrate UAS-based magnetic and multispectral data with legacy exploration data of a Ni–Cu–PGE prospect on Disko Island, West Greenland. The basalt unit has a complex magnetization, and we use a constrained 3D magnetic vector inversion to estimate magnetic properties and spatial dimensions of the target unit. Our 3D modelling reveals a horizontal sheet and a strong remanent magnetization component. We highlight the advantage of UAS use in rugged and remote terrain.
Trond Ryberg, Moritz Kirsch, Christian Haberland, Raimon Tolosana-Delgado, Andrea Viezzoli, and Richard Gloaguen
Solid Earth, 13, 519–533, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-519-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-519-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Novel methods for mineral exploration play an important role in future resource exploration. The methods have to be environmentally friendly, socially accepted and cost effective by integrating multidisciplinary methodologies. We investigate the potential of passive, ambient noise tomography combined with 3D airborne electromagnetics for mineral exploration in Geyer, Germany. We show that the combination of the two geophysical data sets has promising potential for future mineral exploration.
Chiara Colombero, Myrto Papadopoulou, Tuomas Kauti, Pietari Skyttä, Emilia Koivisto, Mikko Savolainen, and Laura Valentina Socco
Solid Earth, 13, 417–429, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-417-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-417-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Passive-source surface waves may be exploited in mineral exploration for deeper investigations. We propose a semi-automatic workflow for their processing. The geological interpretation of the results obtained at a mineral site (Siilinjärvi phosphorus mine) shows large potentialities and effectiveness of the proposed workflow.
Hossein Hassani, Felix Hloušek, Stefan Buske, and Olaf Wallner
Solid Earth, 12, 2703–2715, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Passive seismic imaging methods use natural earthquakes as seismic sources, while in active seismic imaging methods, artificial sources (e.g. explosives) are used to generate seismic waves. We imaged some structures related to a major fault plane through a passive seismic imaging approach using microearthquakes with magnitudes smaller than 0.9 (Mw). These structures have not been illuminated by a previously conducted 3D active seismic survey due to their large dip angles.
Yinshuai Ding and Alireza Malehmir
Solid Earth, 12, 1707–1718, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1707-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1707-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this article, we investigate the potential of reverse time migration (RTM) for deep targeting iron oxide deposits and the possible AVO effect that is potentially seen in the common image gathers from this migration algorithm. The results are promising and help to delineate the deposits and host rock structures using a 2D dataset from the Ludvika mines of central Sweden.
Nikita Afonin, Elena Kozlovskaya, Suvi Heinonen, and Stefan Buske
Solid Earth, 12, 1563–1579, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1563-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1563-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In our study, we show the results of a passive seismic interferometry application for mapping the uppermost crust in the area of active mineral exploration in northern Finland. The obtained velocity models agree well with geological data and complement the results of reflection seismic data interpretation.
Puy Ayarza, José Ramón Martínez Catalán, Ana Martínez García, Juan Alcalde, Juvenal Andrés, José Fernando Simancas, Immaculada Palomeras, David Martí, Irene DeFelipe, Chris Juhlin, and Ramón Carbonell
Solid Earth, 12, 1515–1547, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1515-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1515-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical incidence seismic profiling on the Iberian Massif images a mid-crustal-scale discontinuity at the top of the reflective lower crust. This feature shows that upper- and lower-crustal reflections merge into it, suggesting that it has often behaved as a detachment. The orogen-scale extension of this discontinuity, present in Gondwanan and Avalonian affinity terranes into the Iberian Massif, demonstrates its relevance, leading us to interpret it as the Conrad discontinuity.
Peter-Lasse Giertzuch, Joseph Doetsch, Alexis Shakas, Mohammadreza Jalali, Bernard Brixel, and Hansruedi Maurer
Solid Earth, 12, 1497–1513, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1497-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1497-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Two time-lapse borehole ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted during saline tracer experiments in weakly fractured crystalline rock with sub-millimeter fractures apertures, targeting electrical conductivity changes. The combination of time-lapse reflection and transmission GPR surveys from different boreholes allowed monitoring the tracer flow and reconstructing the flow path and its temporal evolution in 3D and provided a realistic visualization of the hydrological processes.
Irene Bianchi, Elmer Ruigrok, Anne Obermann, and Edi Kissling
Solid Earth, 12, 1185–1196, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1185-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The European Alps formed during collision between the European and Adriatic plates and are one of the most studied orogens for understanding the dynamics of mountain building. In the Eastern Alps, the contact between the colliding plates is still a matter of debate. We have used the records from distant earthquakes to highlight the geometries of the crust–mantle boundary in the Eastern Alpine area; our results suggest a complex and faulted internal crustal structure beneath the higher crests.
Saeid Cheraghi, Alireza Malehmir, Mostafa Naghizadeh, David Snyder, Lucie Mathieu, and Pierre Bedeaux
Solid Earth, 12, 1143–1164, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1143-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1143-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution seismic profiles in 2D are acquired in the north and south of the Chibougamau area, Quebec, Canada located in the northeast of the Abitibi Greenstone belt. The area mostly includes volcanic rocks, and both profiles cross over several fault zones. The seismic method is acquired to image the subsurface down to depth of 12 km. The main aim of this study is to image major fault zones and the geological formations connected to those faults to investigate metal endowment in the area.
Jan Henninges, Evgeniia Martuganova, Manfred Stiller, Ben Norden, and Charlotte M. Krawczyk
Solid Earth, 12, 521–537, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-521-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-521-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a seismic survey in two 4.3 km deep geothermal research wells using the novel method of distributed acoustic sensing and wireline cables. The characteristics of the acquired data, methods for data processing and quality improvement, and interpretations on the geometry and structure of the sedimentary and volcanic reservoir rocks are presented. The method enables measurements at high temperatures and reduced cost compared to conventional sensors.
Alireza Malehmir, Magdalena Markovic, Paul Marsden, Alba Gil, Stefan Buske, Lukasz Sito, Emma Bäckström, Martiya Sadeghi, and Stefan Luth
Solid Earth, 12, 483–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-483-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-483-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A smooth transition toward decarbonization demands access to more minerals of critical importance. Europe has a good geology for many of these mineral deposits, but at a depth requiring sensitive, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective methods for their exploration. In this context, we present a sparse 3D seismic dataset that allowed identification of potential iron oxide resources at depth and helped to characterise key geological structures and a historical tailing in central Sweden.
Alba Zappone, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Melchior Grab, Quinn C. Wenning, Clément Roques, Claudio Madonna, Anne C. Obermann, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Matthias S. Brennwald, Rolf Kipfer, Florian Soom, Paul Cook, Yves Guglielmi, Christophe Nussbaum, Domenico Giardini, Marco Mazzotti, and Stefan Wiemer
Solid Earth, 12, 319–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-319-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-319-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The success of the geological storage of carbon dioxide is linked to the availability at depth of a capable reservoir and an impermeable caprock. The sealing capacity of the caprock is a key parameter for long-term CO2 containment. Faults crosscutting the caprock might represent preferential pathways for CO2 to escape. A decameter-scale experiment on injection in a fault, monitored by an integrated network of multiparamerter sensors, sheds light on the mobility of fluids within the fault.
Juvenal Andrés, Puy Ayarza, Martin Schimmel, Imma Palomeras, Mario Ruiz, and Ramon Carbonell
Solid Earth, 11, 2499–2513, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2499-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2499-2020, 2020
Yi Zhang, Xinglin Lei, Tsutomu Hashimoto, and Ziqiu Xue
Solid Earth, 11, 2487–2497, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2487-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2487-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Spatially continuous strain responses in two monitoring wells induced by a well-drilling process were monitored using high-resolution fiber-optic distributed strain sensing (DSS). The modeling results suggest that the strain polarities and magnitudes along the wellbores may be indicative of the layered-permeability structure or heterogeneous formation damage. The performance and value of DSS as a novel hydrogeophysical tool for in situ subsurface monitoring are emphasized.
Benjamin Schwarz and Charlotte M. Krawczyk
Solid Earth, 11, 1891–1907, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1891-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1891-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Intricate fault and fracture networks cut through the upper crust, and their detailed delineation and characterization play an important role in the Earth sciences. While conventional geophysical sounding techniques only provide indirect means of detection, we present scale-spanning field data examples, in which coherent diffraction imaging – a framework inspired by optics and visual perception – enables the direct imaging of these crustal features at an unprecedented spatial resolution.
Anke Dannowski, Heidrun Kopp, Ingo Grevemeyer, Dietrich Lange, Martin Thorwart, Jörg Bialas, and Martin Wollatz-Vogt
Solid Earth, 11, 873–887, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-873-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-873-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Ligurian Sea opened ~30–15 Ma during the SE migration of the Calabrian subduction zone. Seismic travel time tomography reveals the absence of oceanic crust, documenting that the extension of continental lithosphere stopped before seafloor spreading initiated. The extension led to extreme crustal thinning and possibly exhumed mantle accompanied by syn-rift sedimentation. Our new interpretation of the crust's nature is important for plate reconstruction modelling related to the Alpine orogen.
Yury Alkhimenkov, Eva Caspari, Simon Lissa, and Beatriz Quintal
Solid Earth, 11, 855–871, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-855-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-855-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We perform a three-dimensional numerical study of the fluid–solid deformation at the pore scale. We show that seismic wave velocities exhibit strong azimuth-, angle- and frequency-dependent behavior due to squirt flow between interconnected cracks. We conclude that the overall anisotropy mainly increases due to squirt flow, but in some specific planes it can locally decrease as well as increase, depending on the material properties.
Eva Caspari, Andrew Greenwood, Ludovic Baron, Daniel Egli, Enea Toschini, Kaiyan Hu, and Klaus Holliger
Solid Earth, 11, 829–854, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-829-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-829-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A shallow borehole was drilled to explore the petrophysical and hydraulic characteristics of a hydrothermally active fault in the crystalline Aar massif of the Alps. A key objective of studying surficial features of this kind is to establish analogies with natural and deep-seated engineered hydrothermal systems. A wide range of geophysical borehole logs was acquired, which revealed a complex fracture network in the damage zone of the fault and a related compartmentalized hydraulic behavior.
Jürg Hunziker, Andrew Greenwood, Shohei Minato, Nicolás Daniel Barbosa, Eva Caspari, and Klaus Holliger
Solid Earth, 11, 657–668, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-657-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-657-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The characterization of fractures is crucial for a wide range of pertinent applications, such as geothermal energy production, hydrocarbon exploration, CO2 sequestration, and nuclear waste disposal. We estimate fracture parameters based on waves that travel along boreholes (tube waves) using a stochastic optimization approach.
Felix Kästner, Simona Pierdominici, Judith Elger, Alba Zappone, Jochem Kück, and Christian Berndt
Solid Earth, 11, 607–626, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-607-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-607-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge about physical properties at depth is crucial to image and understand structures linked with orogenic processes. We examined seismic velocities from core and downhole data from the COSC-1 borehole, Sweden, and calibrated our results with laboratory measurements on core samples. Despite a strong mismatch between the core and downhole velocities due to microcracks, mafic units are resolved at all scales, while at sample scale, strong seismic anisotropy correlates with the rock foliation.
Ines Dumke and Christian Berndt
Solid Earth, 10, 1989–2000, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1989-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1989-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Knowing the velocity with which seismic waves travel through the top of the crust is important both for identifying anomalies, e.g. the presence of resources, and for geophysical data evaluation. Traditionally this has been done by using empirical functions. Here, we use machine learning to derive better seismic velocity estimates for the crust below the oceans. In most cases this methods performs better than empirical averages.
Tobias Nickschick, Christina Flechsig, Jan Mrlina, Frank Oppermann, Felix Löbig, and Thomas Günther
Solid Earth, 10, 1951–1969, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1951-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1951-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
An active CO2 degassing site in the western Eger Rift, Czech Republic, was investigated with a 6.5 km long geophysical survey using a specific large-scale geoelectrical setup, supported by shallow geoelectrical surveys and gravity measurements. The experiment reveals unusually low resistivities in the sediments and basement below the degassing area of less than 10 Ω and provides a base for a custom geological model of the area for a future 400 m deep research drilling in this area.
Adrià Meléndez, Clara Estela Jiménez, Valentí Sallarès, and César R. Ranero
Solid Earth, 10, 1857–1876, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1857-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1857-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A new code for anisotropic travel-time tomography is presented. We describe the equations governing the anisotropic ray propagation algorithm and the modified inversion solver. We study the sensitivity of two medium parameterizations and compare four inversion strategies on a canonical model. This code can provide better understanding of the Earth's subsurface in the rather common geological contexts in which seismic velocity displays a weak dependency on the polar angle of ray propagation.
Clàudia Gras, Daniel Dagnino, Clara Estela Jiménez-Tejero, Adrià Meléndez, Valentí Sallarès, and César R. Ranero
Solid Earth, 10, 1833–1855, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1833-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1833-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a workflow that combines different geophysical techniques, showing that a detailed seismic velocity model can be obtained even for non-optimal data sets, i.e. relatively short-offset, band-limited streamer data recorded in deep water. This fact has an important implication for the Marine seismic community, suggesting that many of the existing data sets should be revisited and analysed with new techniques to enhance our understanding of the subsurface, as in the Alboran Basin case.
Juan Alcalde, Clare E. Bond, Gareth Johnson, Armelle Kloppenburg, Oriol Ferrer, Rebecca Bell, and Puy Ayarza
Solid Earth, 10, 1651–1662, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1651-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1651-2019, 2019
Nikita Afonin, Elena Kozlovskaya, Jouni Nevalainen, and Janne Narkilahti
Solid Earth, 10, 1621–1634, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1621-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1621-2019, 2019
Carla Patricia Bárbara, Patricia Cabello, Alexandre Bouche, Ingrid Aarnes, Carlos Gordillo, Oriol Ferrer, Maria Roma, and Pau Arbués
Solid Earth, 10, 1597–1619, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1597-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1597-2019, 2019
Timothy R. H. Davies, Maurice J. McSaveney, and Natalya V. Reznichenko
Solid Earth, 10, 1385–1395, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1385-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1385-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Griffith (1921) assumed that energy used to create new surface area by breaking intact rock immediately becomes surface energy which is not available for further breakage. Our lab data disprove this assumption; we created much more new surface area, 90 % on submicron fragments, than the energy involved should allow. As technology allows ever smaller fragments to be measured, continued use of the Griffith assumption will lead to incorrect energy budgets for earthquakes and rock avalanches.
Ben Mather and Javier Fullea
Solid Earth, 10, 839–850, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-839-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-839-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The temperature in the crust can be constrained by the Curie depth, which is often interpreted as the 580 °C isotherm. We cast the estimation of Curie depth, from maps of the magnetic anomaly, within a Bayesian framework to properly quantify its uncertainty across the British Isles. We find that uncertainty increases considerably for deeper Curie depths, which demonstrates that generally this method is only reliable in hotter regions, such as Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Andrzej Górszczyk, Stéphane Operto, Laure Schenini, and Yasuhiro Yamada
Solid Earth, 10, 765–784, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-765-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-765-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In order to broaden our knowledge about the deep lithosphere using seismic methods, we develop leading-edge imaging workflows integrating different types of data. Here we exploit the complementary information carried by seismic wavefields, which are fundamentally different in terms of acquisition setting. We cast this information into our processing workflow and build a detailed model of the subduction zone, which is subject to further geological interpretation.
Miłosz Mężyk, Michał Malinowski, and Stanisław Mazur
Solid Earth, 10, 683–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-683-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-683-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Precambrian East European Craton is one of the most important building blocks of the European plate. Unlike in Scandinavia, its crystalline crust in Poland is concealed beneath younger sediments. Reprocessing of ca. 950 km regional reflection seismic profiles acquired during shale gas exploration in NE Poland revealed reflectivity patterns interpreted as signs of Svekofennian orogeny, proving a similar mechanism of Paleoproterozoic crustal formation across the Baltic Sea.
Anke Dannowski, Heidrun Kopp, Frauke Klingelhoefer, Dirk Klaeschen, Marc-André Gutscher, Anne Krabbenhoeft, David Dellong, Marzia Rovere, David Graindorge, Cord Papenberg, and Ingo Klaucke
Solid Earth, 10, 447–462, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-447-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-447-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The nature of the Ionian Sea crust has been the subject of scientific debate for more than 30 years. Seismic data, recorded on ocean bottom instruments, have been analysed and support the interpretation of the Ionian Abyssal Plain as a remnant of the Tethys oceanic lithosphere with the Malta Escarpment as a transform margin and a Tethys opening in the NNW–SSE direction.
Martin Staněk and Yves Géraud
Solid Earth, 10, 251–274, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-251-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-251-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Granite is suitable to host geothermal wells or disposals of hazardous waste and in these cases the rock porosity and permeability are critical. Our detailed porosity and permeability data on variously deformed Lipnice granite yield a span of 5 orders of magnitude in permeability between the least and the most deformed facies. To facilitate the estimation of porosity and permeability in similar settings, we provide optical and chemical data on the characteristic minerals of each facies.
David Marti, Ignacio Marzan, Jana Sachsenhausen, Joaquina Alvarez-Marrón, Mario Ruiz, Montse Torne, Manuela Mendes, and Ramon Carbonell
Solid Earth, 10, 177–192, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-177-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-177-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A detailed knowledge of the very shallow subsurface has become of crucial interest for modern society, especially if it hosts critical surface infrastructures such as temporary waste storage sites. The use of indirect methods to characterize the internal structure of the subsurface has been successfully applied, based on the 3-D distribution of seismic velocities and well-log data, which are of great interest for civil engineering companies.
Alessandro Lechmann, David Mair, Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Antonio Ereditato, Ryuichi Nishiyama, Ciro Pistillo, Paola Scampoli, Fritz Schlunegger, and Mykhailo Vladymyrov
Solid Earth, 9, 1517–1533, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1517-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1517-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Muon tomography is a technology, similar to X-ray tomography, to image the interior of an object, including geologically interesting ones. In this work, we examined the influence of rock composition on the physical measurements, and the possible error that is made by assuming a too-simplistic rock model. We performed numerical simulations for a more realistic rock model and found that beyond 300 m of rock, the composition starts to play a significant role and has to be accounted for.
Alireza Malehmir, Bo Bergman, Benjamin Andersson, Robert Sturk, and Mattis Johansson
Solid Earth, 9, 1469–1485, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1469-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1469-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Interest and demand for green-type energy usage and storage are growing worldwide. Among several, thermal energy storage that stores energy (excess heat or cold) in fluids is particularly interesting. For an upscaling purpose, three seismic profiles were acquired within the Tornquist suture zone in the southwest of Sweden and historical crustal-scale offshore BABEL lines revisited. A number of dykes have been imaged and implications for the storage and tectonic setting within the zone discussed.
Cited articles
Amato, A. and Cocco, M. (Eds.): The Umbria-Marche, central Italy, Seismic Sequence of 1997–1998, J. Seismol., 4, 5–598, 2000.
Amato, A., Azzara, R., Chiarabba, C., Cimini, G. B., Cocco, M., Di Bona, M., Margheriti, L., Mazza, S., Mele, F., Selvaggi, G., Basili, A., Boschi, E., Courboulex, F., Deschamps, A., Gaffet, S., Bittarelli, G., Chiaraluce, L., Piccinini, D., and Ripepe, M.: The 1997 Umbria-Marche seismic sequence: a first look at the main shocks and aftershocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2861–2864, 1998.
Anderlini, L., Serpelloni, E., and Belardinelli, M.: Creep and locking of a low-angle normal fault: Insights from the Altotiberina fault in the Northern Apennines (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 4321–4329, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068604, 2016.
Arthur, M. A. and Fischer, A. G.: Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene magnetic stratigraphy at Gubbio, Italy I. Lithostratigraphy and sedimentology, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 88, 367–371, 1977.
Barchi, M. R.: The Neogene-Quaternary evolution of the Northern Apennines: crustal structure, style of deformation and seismicity, Journal of the Virtual Explorer, 36, 11, https://doi.org/10.3809/jvirtex.2010.00220, 2010.
Barchi, M. R. and Collettini, C.: Seismicity of central Italy in the context of the geological history of the Umbria-Marche Apennines, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 542, 175–190, 2019.
Barchi, M. R. and Mirabella, F.: The 1997–98 Umbria-Marche earthquake sequence: “Geological” vs. “seismological” faults, Tectonophysics, 476, 170–179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.013, 2009.
Barchi, M. R., De Feyter, A., Magnani, M. B., Minelli, G., Pialli, G., and Sotera, B. M.: The structural style of the Umbria-Marche fold and thrust belt, Memorie della Societá Geologica Italiana, 52, 557–578, 1998.
Barchi, M. R., Carboni, F., Michele, M., Ercoli, M., Giorgetti, C., Porreca, M., Azzaro, S., and Chiaraluce, L.: The influence of subsurface geology on the distribution of earthquakes during the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence, Tectonophysics, 807, 22879, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228797, 2021.
Bigi, S., Casero, P., and Ciotoli, G.: Seismic interpretation of the Laga basin; constraints on the structural setting and kinematics of the Central Apennines, J. Geol. Soc. London, 168, 179–190, https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492010-084, 2011.
Bohnhoff, M., Dresen, G., Ceken, U., Kadirioglu, F. T., Kartal, R. F., Kilic, T., Nurlu, M., Yanik, K., Acarel, D., Bulut, F., Ito, H., Johnson, W., Malin, P. E., and Mencin, D.: GONAF – the borehole Geophysical Observatory at the North Anatolian Fault in the eastern Sea of Marmara, Sci. Dril., 22, 19–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-22-19-2017, 2017.
Boncio, P. and Lavecchia, G.: A geological model for the Colfiorito earthquakes (September–October 1997, central Italy), J. Seismol., 4, 345–356, 2000.
Boncio, P., Pizzi, A., Brozzetti, F., Pomposo, G. Lavecchia, G., Di Naccio, D., and Ferrarini, F.: Coseismic ground deformation of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (central Italy, Mw 6.3), Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042807, 2010.
Caricchi, C., Aldega, L., Barchi, M. R., Corrado, S., Grigo, D., Mirabella, F., and Zattin, M.: Exhumation patterns along shallow low-angle normal faults: an example from the Altotiberina active fault system (Northern Apennines, Italy), Terra Nova, 27, 312–321, https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12163, 2015.
Cello, G., Mazzoli, S., Tondi, E., and Turco, E.: Active tectonics in the central Apennines and possible implications for seismic hazard analysis in peninsular Italy, Tectonophysics, 272, 43–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00275-2, 1997.
Chiarabba, C., Jovane, L., and Di Stefano, R.: A new view of Italian seismicity using 20 years of instrumental recordings, Tectonophysics, 305, 251–268, 2005.
Chiarabba, C., De Gori, P., Cattaneo, M., Spallarossa, D., and Segou, M.: Faults geometry and the role of fluids in the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 6963–6971, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077485, 2018.
Chiaraluce, L., Ellsworth, W. L., Chiarabba, C., and Cocco, M.: Imaging the complexity of an active normal fault system: The 1997 Colfiorito (Central Italy) case study, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2294, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB002166, 2003.
Chiaraluce, L., Amato, A., Carannante, S., Castelli, V., Cattaneo, M., Cocco, M., Collettini, C., D'Alema, E., Di Stefano, R., Latorre, D., Marzorati, S., Mirabella, F., Monachesi, G., Piccinini, D., Nardi, A., Piersanti, A., Stramondo, S., and Valoroso, L.: The Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory (northern Apennines, Italy), Ann. Geophys., 57, S0327, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6426, 2014a.
Chiaraluce, L., Collettini, C., Cattaneo, M., and Monachesi, G.: The shallow boreholes at The AltotiBerina near fault Observatory (TABOO; northern Apennines of Italy), Sci. Dril., 17, 31–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-31-2014, 2014b.
Chiaraluce, L., Di Stefano, R., Tinti, E., Scognamiglio, L., Michele, M., Casarotti, E., Cattaneo, M., De Gori, P., Chiarabba, C., Monachesi, G., Lombardi, A., Valoroso, L., Latorre, D., and Marzorati, S.: The 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence: a first look at the mainshocks, aftershocks, and source models, Seismol. Res. Lett., 88, 757–771, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160221, 2017a.
Chiaraluce, L., Festa, G., Bernard, P., Caracausi, A., Carluccio, I., Clinton, J. F., Di Stefano, R., Elia, L., Evangelidis, C. P., Ergintav, S., Jianu, O., Kaviris, G., Marmureanu, A., Šebela, S., and Sokos, E.: The role of rheology, crustal structures and lithology in the seismicity distribution of the northern Apennines, Tectonophysics, 694, 280–291, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.11.011, 2017b.
Chiaraluce, L., Festa, G., Bernard, P., Caracausi, A., Carliccio, I., Clinton, J., Di Stefano, R., Elia, L., Evangelidis, C., Ergintav, S., Jianu, O., Kaviris, G., Marmureanu, A., Sebela., S., and Sokos, E.: The Near Fault Observatory community in Europe: a new resource for faulting and hazard studies, Ann. Geophys., 65, DM316, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-8778, 2022.
Chiaraluce, L., Bennett, R., Mencin, D., Johnson, W., Barchi, M. R., Bohnhoff, M., Baccheschi, P., Caracausi, A., Calamita, C., Cavaliere, A., Gualandi, A., Mandler, E., Mariucci, M. T., Martelli, L., Marzorati, S., Montone, P., Pantaleo, D., Pucci, S., Serpelloni, E., Supino, M., Stramondo, S., Hanagan, C., Van Boskirk, L., Gottlieb, M., Mattioli, G., Urbani, M., Mirabella, F., Akimbekova, A., Pierdominici, S., Wiersberg, T., Marone, C., Palmieri, L., and Schenato, L.: A strainmeter array as the fulcrum of novel observatory sites along the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory, Sci. Dril., 33, 173–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-173-2024, 2024.
Ciaccio, M. G., Barchi, M. R., Chiarabba, C., Mirabella, F., and Stucchi, E.: Seismological, geological and geophysical constraints for the Gualdo Tadino fault, Umbria–Marche Apennines (central Italy), Tectonophysics, 406, 233–247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.05.027, 2005.
Cinti, F. R., Cucci, L., Marra, F., and Montone, P.: The 1997 Umbria-Marche (Italy) earthquake sequence: Relationship between ground deformation and seismogenic structure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 895–898, 1999.
Collettini, C., Barchi, M. R., De Paola, N., Trippetta, F., and Tinti, E.: Rock and fault rheology explain differences between on fault and distributed seismicity, Nat. Commun., 13, 5627, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33373-y, 2022.
Cresta, S., Monechi, S., and Parisi, G.: Stratigrafia del Mesozoico al Cenozoico nell'area Umbro-Marchigiana, Memorie Descrittive della Carta Geologica d'Italia, Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Roma, Italia, 185 pp., ISBN 978-88-240-2295-5, 1989.
Davatzes, N. C. and Hickman, S. H.: Stress, fracture, and fluid-flow analysis using acoustic and electrical image logs in hot fractured granites of the Coso geothermal field, California, U. S. A., in: Dipmeter and borehole image log technology, edited by: Poppelreiter, M., Garcia-Carballido, C., and Kraaijveld, M., AAPG Memoir., 92, 259–293, 2010.
De Paola, N., Faulkner, D. R., and Collettini, C.: Brittle versus ductile deformation as the main control on the transport properties of low-porosity anhydrite rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B06211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005967, 2009.
Deschamps, A., Iannaccone, G., and Scarpa, R.: The Umbrian earthquake (Italy) of 19 September 1979, Ann. Geophys., 2, 29–36, 1984.
Diaferia, I., Barchi, M., Loddo, M., Schiavone, D., and Siniscalchi, A.: Detailed imaging of tectonic structures by multiscale Earth resistivity tomographies: The Colfiorito normal faults (central Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L09305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025828, 2006.
Ellis, D. V. and Singer, J. M.: Well Logging for Earth Scientists, in: 2nd Edn., Springer, 699 pp., ISBN 978-1-4020-3738-2, 2007.
EMERGEO Working Group: Evidence for surface rupture associated with the Mw 6.3 L'Aquila earthquake sequence of April 2009 (central Italy), Terra Nova, 22, 43–51, 2010.
Fischer, T., Hrubcová, P., Dahm, T., Woith, H., Vylita, T., Ohrnberger, M., Vlček, J., Horálek, J., Dědeček, P., Zimmer, M., Lipus, M. P., Pierdominici, S., Kallmeyer, J., Krüger, F., Hannemann, K., Korn, M., Kämpf, H., Reinsch, T., Klicpera, J., Vollmer, D., and Daskalopoulou, K.: ICDP drilling of the Eger Rift observatory: magmatic fluids driving the earthquake swarms and deep biosphere, Sci. Dril., 31, 31–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-31-2022, 2022.
Haessler, H., Gaulon, R., Rivera, L., Console, R., Frogneux, M., Gasparini, G., Martel, L., Patau, G., Siciliano, M., and Cisternas, A.: The Perugia (Italy) earthquake of 29 April 1984: a microearthquake survey, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 78, 1948–1964, 1988.
Hairabian, A., Fournier, F., Borgomano, J., and Nardon, S.: Depositional facies, pore types and elastic properties of deep-water gravity flow carbonates, J. Petrol. Geol., 37, 231–249, 2014.
Heidbach, O., Rajabi, M., Reiter, K., Ziegler, M., and WSM Team: World Stress Map Database Release 2016. V. 1.1, GFZ Data Services, https://doi.org/10.5880/WSM.2016.001, 2016.
International Continental Scientific Drilling Program: Public Data and Images, International Continental Scientific Drilling Program [data set], https://www.icdp-online.org/projects/by-continent/europe/star-italy/public-data/ (last access: 25 November 2024), 2024.
Langbein, J., Murray, J. R., and Snyder, H. A.: Coseismic and initial postseismic deformation from the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake, observed by Global Positioning System, electronic distance meter, creepmeters, and borehole strainmeters, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 96, S304–S320, 2006.
Latorre, D., Mirabella, F., Chiaraluce, L., Trippetta, F., and Lomay, A.: Assessment of earthquake locations in 3-D deterministic velocity models: A case study from the Altotiberina Near Fault Observatory (Italy), J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 121, 8113–8135, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013170, 2016.
Lavecchia, G., Adinolfi, G. M., de Nardis, R., Ferrarini, F., Cirillo, D., Brozzetti, F., De Matteis, R., Festa, G., and Zollo, A.: Multidisciplinary inferences on a newly recognized active east-dipping extensional system in Central Italy, Terra Nova, 29, 77–89, 2017.
Lavecchia, G., Bello, S., Andrenacci, C., Cirillo, D., Ferrarini, F., Vicentini, N., de Nardis, R., Roberts, G., and Brozzetti, F.: Quaternary fault strain INdicators database – QUIN 1.0-first release from the Apennines of central Italy, Scientific Data, 9, 204, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01311-8, 2022.
Mariucci, M. T. and Montone, P.: Contemporary stress field in the area of the 2016 Amatrice seismic sequence (central Italy), Ann. Geophys., 59, 5, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-7235, 2016.
Mariucci, M. T. and Montone, P.: IPSI 1.6, Database of Italian Present-day Stress Indicators, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), https://doi.org/10.13127/IPSI.1.6, 2024.
Mariucci, M. T., Montone, P., and Pierdominici, S.: Active stress field in central Italy: a revision of deep well data in Umbria region, Ann. Geophys., 51, 433–442, 2008.
Marzorati, S., Massa, M., Cattaneo, M., Monachesi, G., and Frapiccini, M.: Very detailed seismic pattern and migration inferred from the April 2010 Pietralunga (northern Italian Apennines) micro-earthquake sequence, Tectonophysics, 610, 91–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.10.014, 2014.
Massiot, C., McNamara, D., and Lewis, B.: Processing and analysis of high temperature geothermal acoustic borehole image logs in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, Geothermics, 53, 190–201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.05.010, 2015.
Mcginnis, R. N., Ferrill, D. A., Morris, A. P., Smart, K. J., and Lehrmann, D.: Mechanical stratigraphic controls on natural fracture spacing and penetration, J. Struct. Geol., 95, 160–170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2017.01.001, 2017.
Medici, G., Ling, F., and Shang, J.: Review of discrete fracture network characterization for geothermal energy extraction, Front. Earth Sci., 11, 1328397, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1328397, 2023.
Michele, M., Chiaraluce, L., Di Stefano, R., and Waldhauser, F.: Fine-Scale Structure of the 2016–2017 Central Italy Seismic Sequence From Data Recorded at the Italian National Network, J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2019JB01844, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018440, 2020.
Mildon, Z. K., Roberts, G. P., Faure Walker, J. P., Wedmore, L. N. J., and McCaffrey, K. J. W.: Active normal faulting during the 1997 seismic sequence in Colfiorito, Umbria: Did slip propagate to the surface?, J. Struct. Geol., 91, 102–113, 2016.
Mirabella, F., Ciaccio, M. G., Barchi, M. R., and Merlini, S.: The Gubbio normal fault (Central Italy): geometry, displacement distribution and tectonic evolution, J. Struct. Geol., 26, 2233–2249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2004.06.009, 2004.
Mirabella, F., Brozzetti, F., Lupattelli, A., and Barchi, M. R.: Tectonic evolution of a low-angle extensional fault system from restored cross-sections in the Northern Apennines (Italy), Tectonics, 30, TC6002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011TC002890, 2011.
Montone, P. and Mariucci, M. T.: The new release of the Italian contemporary stress map, Geophys. J. Int., 205, 1525–1531, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw100, 2016.
Montone, P. and Mariucci, M. T.: Constraints on the Structure of the Shallow Crust in Central Italy from Geophysical Log Data, Sci. Rep.-UK, 10, 3834, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60855-0, 2020.
Montone, P. and Mariucci, M. T.: Lateral Variations of P-Wave Velocity from Deep Borehole Data in the Southern Apennines, Italy, Pure Appl. Geophys., 180, 1925–1944, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-023-03248-4, 2023.
Pierdominici, S. and Kück, J.: Borehole Geophysics, in: Encyclopedia of Geology, 2nd edn., Elsevier, 746–760, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102908-4.00126-0, 2021.
Pierdominici, S., Millett, J. M., Kück, J. K. M., Thomas, D., Jerram, D. A., Planke, S., Haskins, E., Lautze, N., and Galland, O.: Stress field interactions between overlapping shield volcanoes: Borehole breakout evidence from the island of Hawaii, USA, J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2020JB019768, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB019768, 2020.
Pizzi, A., Di Domenica, A., Gallovic, F., Luzi, L., and Puglia, R.: Fault segmentation as constraint to the occurrence of the main shocks of the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence, Tectonics, 36, 2370–2387, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004652, 2017.
Pondrelli, S. and Salimbeni, S.: Italian CMT Dataset [data set], Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), https://doi.org/10.13127/rcmt/italy, 2006.
Pondrelli, S., Salimbeni, S., Ekström, G., Morelli, A., Gasperini, P., and Vannucci, G.: The Italian CMT dataset from 1977 to the present, Phys. Earth Planet. In., 159, 286–303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2006.07.008, 2006.
Porreca, M., Minelli, G., Ercoli, M., Brobia, A., Mancinelli, P., Cruciani, F., Giorgetti, C., Carboni, F., Mirabella, F., Cavinato, G., Cannata, A., Pauselli, C., and Barchi, M. R.: Seismic reflection profiles and subsurface geology of the area interested by the 2016–2017 earthquake sequence (Central Italy), Tectonics, 37, 1116–1137, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004915, 2018.
Price, N. J.: Fault and Joint Development in Brittle and Semi-Brittle Rocks, Pergamon Press, Oxford, ISBN 1483169782, 1966.
Rider, M. H. and Kennedy, M.: The Geological Interpretation of Well Logs, Rider-French, Scotland, 432 pp., ISBN 10:0954190688, 2011.
Schön, J. H.: Physical Properties of Rocks – Fundamentals and Principles of Petrophysics, in: 2nd Edn., Elsevier, ISBN 9780081004043, 2015.
Scisciani, V., Agostini, S., Calamita, F., Pace, P., Cilli, A., Giori, I., and Paltrinieri, W.: Positive inversion tectonics in foreland fold-and thrust belts: a reappraisal of the Umbria–Marche northern Apennines (Central Italy) by integrating geological and geophysical data, Tectonophysics, 637, 218–237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.10.010, 2014.
Serra, O.: Fundamentals of well-log interpretation. Part 1: The acquisition of logging data, Developments in petroleum science 15A, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 435 pp., ISBN 0-444-42132-7, 1984.
Smeraglia, L., Trippetta, F., Carminati, E., and Mollo, S.: Tectonic control on the petrophysical properties of foredeep sandstone in the Central Apennines, Italy, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 9077–9094, 2014.
Terzaghi, R. D.: Sources of error in joint surveys, Geotechnique, 15, 287–304, https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1965.15.3.287, 1965.
Tinti, E., Scognamiglio, L., Michelini, A., and Cocco, M.: Slip heterogeneity and directivity of the ML 6.0 2016 Amatrice earthquake estimated with rapid finite-fault inversion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 10745–10752, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071263, 2016.
Trippetta, F., Collettini, C., Vinciguerra, S., and Meredith, P. G.: Laboratory measurements of the physical properties of Triassic evaporites from central Italy and correlation with geophysical data, Tectonophysics, 492, 121–132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2010.06.001, 2010.
Trippetta, F., Barchi, M. R., Tinti, E., Volpe, G., Rosset, G., and De Paola, N.: Lithological and stress anisotropy control large-scale seismic velocity variations in tight carbonates, Sci. Rep.-UK, 11, 9472, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89019-4, 2021.
Valoroso, L., Chiaraluce, L., Piccinini, D., Di Stefano, R., and Waldhauser, F.: Radiography of a normal fault system by 64 000 high-precision earthquake locations: The 2009 L'Aquila (central Italy) case study, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 118, 1156–1176, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50130, 2013.
Valoroso, L., Chiaraluce, L., Di Stefano, R., and Monachesi, G.: Mixed-mode slip behaviour of the Altotiberina low-angle normal fault system (Northern Apennines, Italy) through high-resolution earthquake locations and repeating events, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 122, 10220–10240, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014607, 2017.
Villani, F., Civico, R., Pucci, S., Pizzimenti, L., Nappi, R., De Martini, P. M., and the Open EMERGEO Working Group: A database of the coseismic effects following the 30 October 2016 Norcia earthquake in Central Italy, Scientific Data, 5, 180049, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.49, 2018.
Vuan, A., Brondi, P., Sugan, M., Chiaraluce, L., Di Stefano, R., and Michele, M.: Intermittent slip along the Alto Tiberina low angle normal fault in central Italy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL08903, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089039, 2020.
Short summary
The STAR project set out to drill six shallow holes and use geophysical logging to find the best depth for placing seismometers and strainmeters to image the upper crust, in particular the Alto Tiberina fault, Italy. These measurements give us a better idea of what the rocks are like, helping us connect what we know from the literature with what we find underground, giving solid information on rock properties, which helps us understand the first few hundred meters of the Earth's crust.
The STAR project set out to drill six shallow holes and use geophysical logging to find the best...
