Articles | Volume 12, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2467-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2467-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Nov 2021
Research article |
| 01 Nov 2021
| 01 Nov 2021
Marine forearc structure of eastern Java and its role in the 1994 Java tsunami earthquake
Research Division 4: Dynamic of the Ocean Floor, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Jacob Geersen
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Dirk Klaeschen
Research Division 4: Dynamic of the Ocean Floor, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Bo Ma
Research Division 4: Dynamic of the Ocean Floor, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Dietrich Lange
Research Division 4: Dynamic of the Ocean Floor, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Michael Riedel
Research Division 4: Dynamic of the Ocean Floor, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Michael Schnabel
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Hanover, Germany
Heidrun Kopp
Research Division 4: Dynamic of the Ocean Floor, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Distribution and causes of crustal deformation estimated from coastal geology along the Pacific coast, northeastern Japan Y. Niwa https://doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.65.2507
- Seamount Subduction and Megathrust Seismicity: The Interplay Between Geometry and Friction I. Menichelli et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102191
- Spatial Analysis of Evacuation Sites for Tsunami Mitigation in Banyuwangi City F. Usman et al. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.15201
- Preliminary Analysis Forearc Basins Characterization on Influence of Subduction Slab in Southern Sumatra-West Java Based on Seismic Tomography And Gravity Data H. Hamdalah et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1651/1/012009
- Evidence of a new backthrust fault system from the 2022 southeast Java, Indonesia earthquake sequence: Insights from seismological analysis A. Simanjuntak et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106845
- Effects of plate interface frictional heterogeneities on earthquake cycle dynamics in subduction zones S. Ray et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-43399-7
- Tectonic and thermal controls on megathrust earthquakes along the Sunda Arc Y. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2026.120356
- Mapping of earthquake risk levels based on Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values case study in East Java . Supriyadi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3132/1/012022
- Reevaluation of the Panjang fault as a potential seismic source in eastern Lampung, Indonesia: Insights from integrated gravity, seismicity, and morphotectonic analyses L. Siringoringo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eve.2026.100169
- Impact of the Iquique Ridge on structure and deformation of the north Chilean subduction zone B. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104262
- Discovery of imbricated beachrock deposits adjacent to the Java trench, Indonesia: influence of tsunami and storm waves, and implications for mega-thrust earthquakes R. Harris et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06327-w
- Different Faulting of the 2023 (Mw 5.7 and 5.9) South-Central Java Earthquakes in the Backthrust Fault System S. Adi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02720-1
- Seamount and Ridge Subduction at the Java Margin, Indonesia: Effects on Structural Geology and Seismogenesis Y. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB026272
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Distribution and causes of crustal deformation estimated from coastal geology along the Pacific coast, northeastern Japan Y. Niwa https://doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.65.2507
- Seamount Subduction and Megathrust Seismicity: The Interplay Between Geometry and Friction I. Menichelli et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102191
- Spatial Analysis of Evacuation Sites for Tsunami Mitigation in Banyuwangi City F. Usman et al. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.15201
- Preliminary Analysis Forearc Basins Characterization on Influence of Subduction Slab in Southern Sumatra-West Java Based on Seismic Tomography And Gravity Data H. Hamdalah et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1651/1/012009
- Evidence of a new backthrust fault system from the 2022 southeast Java, Indonesia earthquake sequence: Insights from seismological analysis A. Simanjuntak et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106845
- Effects of plate interface frictional heterogeneities on earthquake cycle dynamics in subduction zones S. Ray et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-43399-7
- Tectonic and thermal controls on megathrust earthquakes along the Sunda Arc Y. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2026.120356
- Mapping of earthquake risk levels based on Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values case study in East Java . Supriyadi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3132/1/012022
- Reevaluation of the Panjang fault as a potential seismic source in eastern Lampung, Indonesia: Insights from integrated gravity, seismicity, and morphotectonic analyses L. Siringoringo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eve.2026.100169
- Impact of the Iquique Ridge on structure and deformation of the north Chilean subduction zone B. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104262
- Discovery of imbricated beachrock deposits adjacent to the Java trench, Indonesia: influence of tsunami and storm waves, and implications for mega-thrust earthquakes R. Harris et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06327-w
- Different Faulting of the 2023 (Mw 5.7 and 5.9) South-Central Java Earthquakes in the Backthrust Fault System S. Adi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02720-1
- Seamount and Ridge Subduction at the Java Margin, Indonesia: Effects on Structural Geology and Seismogenesis Y. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB026272
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 19 Oct 2026
Short summary
The 2 June 1994 Java tsunami earthquake ruptured in a seismically quiet subduction zone and generated a larger-than-expected tsunami. Here, we re-process a seismic line across the rupture area. We show that a subducting seamount is located up-dip of the mainshock in a region that did not rupture during the earthquake. Seamount subduction modulates the topography of the marine forearc and acts as a seismic barrier in the 1994 earthquake rupture.
The 2 June 1994 Java tsunami earthquake ruptured in a seismically quiet subduction zone and...
