Articles | Volume 12, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-633-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-633-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Mar 2021
Research article |
| 16 Mar 2021
| 16 Mar 2021
Physical and mechanical rock properties of a heterogeneous volcano: the case of Mount Unzen, Japan
Jackie E. Kendrick
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK
Lauren N. Schaefer
Department of Geological Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
now at: US Geological Survey, Golden, CO 80401, USA
Jenny Schauroth
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
Andrew F. Bell
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK
Oliver D. Lamb
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
Anthony Lamur
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
Takahiro Miwa
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED), Ibaraki, 305 0006, Japan
Rebecca Coats
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
Yan Lavallée
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
Ben M. Kennedy
Department of Geological Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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Cited
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Spatial distribution of alteration and strength in a lava dome: Implications for large-scale volcano stability modelling A. Poganj et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108344
- Inversion of short-term precursor of acoustic emission in uniaxial compression based on SOM neural network J. Sun et al. 10.1139/cgj-2023-0215
- Damage amplification during repetitive seismic waves in mechanically loaded rocks A. Lamur et al. 10.1038/s41598-022-26721-x
- Transient conduit permeability controlled by a shift between compactant shear and dilatant rupture at Unzen volcano (Japan) Y. Lavallée et al. 10.5194/se-13-875-2022
- The influence of water-saturation on the strength of volcanic rocks and the stability of lava domes M. Heap et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107962
- Multiyear temporal variation of b-values at Alaskan volcanoes: The synergetic influence of stress and material heterogeneity K. Konstantinou 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107572
- Analysis of rock-breaking mechanisms of high-voltage pulsed electric electrode bits X. Zhu et al. 10.1088/1402-4896/ad79c4
- A systematic review of Coda Wave Interferometry technique for evaluating rock behavior properties: From single to multiple perturbations J. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.ees.2025.03.002
- Dynamic response mechanism and precursor characteristics of gneiss rockburst under different initial burial depths D. Liu et al. 10.1007/s11629-023-8381-2
- Flowage of the 1991 Unzen lava; discussions to ‘Rigid migration of Unzen lava rather than flow’ J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 110, 107073 H. Sato et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107343
- Quantifying the physical and mechanical heterogeneity of porous volcanic rocks from the Chaîne des Puys (Massif Central, France) E. Vairé et al. 10.1007/s00445-024-01742-8
- The tensile strength of volcanic rocks: Experiments and models M. Heap et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107348
- The tensile strength of hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks M. Heap et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107576
- The influence of heterogeneity on the strength of volcanic rocks and the stability of lava domes M. Heap et al. 10.1007/s00445-023-01669-6
- The mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rocks: a review M. Heap & M. Violay 10.1007/s00445-021-01447-2
- Strain Localization in Magmas Y. Lavallée & J. Kendrick 10.2138/rmg.2022.87.15
- Inclination and heterogeneity of layered geological sequences influence dike-induced ground deformation M. Clunes et al. 10.1130/G50464.1
- Lateral edifice collapse and volcanic debris avalanches: a post-1980 Mount St. Helens perspective L. Siebert & M. Reid 10.1007/s00445-023-01662-z
- Petrophysical properties of hydrothermally-altered pyroclastic deposits from Deception Island (Bransfield Strait, Antarctica) M. Heap et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108399
- Experimental Study on the Differences in Acoustic Emission Precursor Between Rockburst and Brittle Failure Based on the Data Mining Method J. Sun et al. 10.1007/s00603-024-04326-2
- Rapid alteration of fractured volcanic conduits beneath Mt Unzen T. Yilmaz et al. 10.1007/s00445-021-01450-7
- The viscous-brittle transition in flowing crystal-bearing volcanic dome lavas F. Wadsworth et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108198
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Spatial distribution of alteration and strength in a lava dome: Implications for large-scale volcano stability modelling A. Poganj et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108344
- Inversion of short-term precursor of acoustic emission in uniaxial compression based on SOM neural network J. Sun et al. 10.1139/cgj-2023-0215
- Damage amplification during repetitive seismic waves in mechanically loaded rocks A. Lamur et al. 10.1038/s41598-022-26721-x
- Transient conduit permeability controlled by a shift between compactant shear and dilatant rupture at Unzen volcano (Japan) Y. Lavallée et al. 10.5194/se-13-875-2022
- The influence of water-saturation on the strength of volcanic rocks and the stability of lava domes M. Heap et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107962
- Multiyear temporal variation of b-values at Alaskan volcanoes: The synergetic influence of stress and material heterogeneity K. Konstantinou 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107572
- Analysis of rock-breaking mechanisms of high-voltage pulsed electric electrode bits X. Zhu et al. 10.1088/1402-4896/ad79c4
- A systematic review of Coda Wave Interferometry technique for evaluating rock behavior properties: From single to multiple perturbations J. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.ees.2025.03.002
- Dynamic response mechanism and precursor characteristics of gneiss rockburst under different initial burial depths D. Liu et al. 10.1007/s11629-023-8381-2
- Flowage of the 1991 Unzen lava; discussions to ‘Rigid migration of Unzen lava rather than flow’ J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 110, 107073 H. Sato et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107343
- Quantifying the physical and mechanical heterogeneity of porous volcanic rocks from the Chaîne des Puys (Massif Central, France) E. Vairé et al. 10.1007/s00445-024-01742-8
- The tensile strength of volcanic rocks: Experiments and models M. Heap et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107348
- The tensile strength of hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks M. Heap et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107576
- The influence of heterogeneity on the strength of volcanic rocks and the stability of lava domes M. Heap et al. 10.1007/s00445-023-01669-6
- The mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rocks: a review M. Heap & M. Violay 10.1007/s00445-021-01447-2
- Strain Localization in Magmas Y. Lavallée & J. Kendrick 10.2138/rmg.2022.87.15
- Inclination and heterogeneity of layered geological sequences influence dike-induced ground deformation M. Clunes et al. 10.1130/G50464.1
- Lateral edifice collapse and volcanic debris avalanches: a post-1980 Mount St. Helens perspective L. Siebert & M. Reid 10.1007/s00445-023-01662-z
- Petrophysical properties of hydrothermally-altered pyroclastic deposits from Deception Island (Bransfield Strait, Antarctica) M. Heap et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108399
- Experimental Study on the Differences in Acoustic Emission Precursor Between Rockburst and Brittle Failure Based on the Data Mining Method J. Sun et al. 10.1007/s00603-024-04326-2
- Rapid alteration of fractured volcanic conduits beneath Mt Unzen T. Yilmaz et al. 10.1007/s00445-021-01450-7
- The viscous-brittle transition in flowing crystal-bearing volcanic dome lavas F. Wadsworth et al. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108198
Latest update: 13 Jul 2025
Short summary
The last lava dome eruption of Mount Unzen (Japan) ended in 1995, but ongoing instability means much of the area remains an exclusion zone. The rocks in the lava dome impact its stability; heterogeneity (contrasting properties) and anisotropy (orientation-specific properties) can channel fluids and localise deformation, enhancing the risk of lava dome collapse. We recommend using measured material properties to interpret geophysical signals and to model volcanic systems.
The last lava dome eruption of Mount Unzen (Japan) ended in 1995, but ongoing instability means...
