Articles | Volume 16, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-63-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-63-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Jan 2025
Research article |
| 23 Jan 2025
| 23 Jan 2025
Origin of the Bohai Sea Basin, North China Craton, and implications for bidirectional back-arc extension in the East Asian continental margin
Alan Liu Chen
Northview High School, Johns Creek, GA 30097, USA
SinoProbe Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Xiaosong Xiong, Yingkang Li, Xuanhua Chen, Guowei Wu, Rui Gao, and Jennifer D. Eccles
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3096, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3096, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A 460-km seismic profile across North Qilian Shan to Beishan reveals crustal thickness (47.5–60 km; 5 layers), thickest at Jiuquan Basin (59.5–60 km). Average crustal velocity: 6.24–6.43 km/s; Pn: 7.7–8.1 km/s. Velocity variance indicates crustal heterogeneity. Beishan's southern fault acts as a boundary: opposing thrust directions cause upper crustal deformation, with weaker crust southward. Northward-tilted Paleozoic velocity contours suggest northward Qilian Ocean subduction.
Cited articles
Allen, M. B., Macdonald, D. I. M., Zhao, X., Vincent, S. J., and Brouet-Menzies, C.: Early Cenozoic two-phase extension and late Cenozoic thermal subsidence and inversion of the Bohai Basin, northern China, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 14, 95l–972, 1997.
Charles, N., Augier, R., Gumiaux, C., Monié, P., Chen, Y., Faure, M., and Zhu, R. X.: Timing, duration and role of magmatism in wide rift systems: Insights from the Jiaodong Peninsula (China, East Asia), Gondwana Res., 24, 412–428, 2013.
Chen, X. H., Wang, X. F., Zhang, Q., Chen, B. L., Chen, Z. L., Harrison, T. M., and Yin, A.: Geochronologic study on the formation and evolution of Tan–Lu fault, J. Changchun Univ. Sci. Tech., 30, 215–220, 2000 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen, X. H., Dong, S. W., Shi, W., Ding, W. C., Zhang, Y. P., Li, B., Shao, Z. G., and Wang, Y.: Construction of the continental Asia in Phanerozoic: A review, Acta Geol. Sin.-Engl., 96, 26–51, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.14867, 2022.
Chen, X. P., Li, W., Wu, Z. P., Yang, H. F., Zhang, Q., Meng, M. F., Wang, G. Z., and Jia, H. B.: The tectonic transition from rifting to strike-slip in the Liaodong Bay Depression, offshore China, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 139, 105598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2022.105598, 2022.
Chen, Y., Liang, X. F., Yan, H. F., Jiang, M. M., and Ai, Y. S.: Seismicity of the northern section of the Tanlu fault zone in the Bohai Bay and its implications, Chinese J. Geophys., 63, 2566–2578, https://doi.org/10.6038/cjg2020N0159, 2020 (in Chinese with English abstract).
China Geological Survey: Geological Map of the People's Republic of China (1:2 500 000), with explanation, Beijing, China, SinoMaps Press, 1–246, ISBN 7-5031-3302-3/k.1711, 2004 (in Chinese).
Clinkscales, C. and Kapp, P.: Structural style and kinematics of the Taihang-Luliangshan fold belt, North China: Implications for the Yanshanian orogeny, Lithosphere, 11, 767–783, https://doi.org/10.1130/L1096.1, 2019.
Deng, J., Yang, L. Q., Groves, D. I., Zhang, L., Qiu, K. F., and Wang, Q. F.: An integrated mineral system model for the gold deposits of the giant Jiaodong province, eastern China, Earth-Sci. Rev., 208, 103274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103274, 2020.
Deng, Q. D., Wang, T. M., Li, J. G., Xiang, H. F., and Cheng, S. P.: A discussion on source model of Haicheng earthquake, Scientia Geol. Sin., 11, 3–12, 1976 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Dong, S. W., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhang, F. Q., Cui, J. J., Chen, X. H., Zhang, S. H., Miao, L. C., Li, J. H., Shi, W., Li, Z. H., Huang, S. Q., and Li, H. L.: Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous continental convergence and intracontinental orogenesis in East Asia: A synthesis of the Yanshan Revolution, J. Asian Earth Sci., 114, 750–770, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.08.011, 2015.
Dong, L. L., Yang, Z. M., Bai, X., and Deng, C.: Generation of the Early Cretaceous granitoid in the Dazeshan region, Jiaodong Peninsula: Implications for the crustal reworking in the North China Craton, Front. Earth Sci., 10, 1083608, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.1083608, 2023.
Faure, M., Lepvrier, C., Nguyen, V. V., Vu, V. T., Lin, W., and Chen, Z. C.: The South China block-Indochina collision: Where, when, and how?, J. Asian Earth Sci., 79, 260–274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.09.022, 2014.
Guo, H., Xia, B., Chen, G. W., Wang, R. H., Ding, J. H., Wang, J. J., and Huang, T.: Geochemistry of basalts during Oligocene in Huimin depression and its geotectonic significance, Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 29, 303–315, 2005 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Hou, G. T., Qian, X. L., and Song, X. M.: The origin of the Bohai Bay Basin Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 34, 503–509, 1998 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu, P. P., Yang, F. L., Zhang, R. C., Wang, W., and Dong, R. W.: Cenozoic extension to strike-slip transition in the Liaodong Bay Subbasin along the Tan–Lu Fault Zone, Bohai Bay Basin: New insights from stress field modelling, Tectonophysics, 822, 229163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.229163, 2022.
Kim, H. S., Kwon, S., Kim, S. W., and Santosh, M.: Permo-Triassic high-pressure metamorphism in the central western Korean Peninsula, and its link to Paleo-Tethyan Ocean closure: Key issues revisited, Geosci. Front., 9, 1325–1335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.01.007, 2018.
Koua, K. A. D., Sun, H. S., Li, J. W., Li, H., Xie, J. L., Sun, Q. M., Li, Z. K., Yang, H., Zhang, L. G., and Mondah, O. R.: Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous granitoids and mafic enclaves from the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China: Implications for crust-mantle interaction, tectonic evolution and gold mineralization, J. Asian Earth Sci., 228, 105096, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105096, 2022.
Leech, M. L. and Webb, L. E.: Is the HP–UHP Hong'an–Dabie–Sulu orogen a piercing point for offset on the Tan–Lu fault?, J. Asian Earth Sci., 63, 112–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.08.005, 2013.
Li, C. M., Zhang, C. H., and Cope, T. D.: A new model for the segmentation, propagation and linkage of the Tan–Lu fault zone, East Asia, J. Asian Earth Sci., 241, 105466, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105466, 2023.
Li, H. P., Li, J. L., Luo, S., Bem, T. S., Yao, H. J., and Huang, X. L.: Continent-continent collision between the South and North China plates revealed by seismic refraction and reflection at the southern segment of the Tanlu Fault Zone, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 128, e2022JB025748, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB025748, 2023.
Li, L., Zhong, D. L., Chen, X. F., and Chen, Y.: Characteristics of NW-trending faults and evidence of fission track in the Luxi Block, Acta Geol. Sin., 92, 413–436, 2018 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Li, S. Z., Zhao, G. C., Dai, L. M., Zhou, L. H., Liu, X., Suo, Y. H., and Santosh, M.: Cenozoic faulting of the Bohai Bay Basin and its bearing on the destruction of the eastern North China Craton, J. Asian Earth Sci., 47, 80–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.06.011, 2012.
Li, X., Wang, Y., Liang, C., Li, B., Zheng, C., and Zhang, M.: Mesozoic stratigraphic sequence and its characteristics in southern Western Liaoning Province, Northeast China, J. Stratigraphy, 44, 299–309, https://doi.org/10.19839/j.cnki.dcxzz.2020.0027, 2020 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang, J. T., Wang, H. L., Bai, Y., Ji, X. Y., and Duo, X. M.: Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Bohai Bay Basin and its coupling relationship with Pacific Plate subduction, J. Asian Earth Sci., 127, 257–266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.06.012, 2016.
Lin, W. and Wei, W.: Late Mesozoic extensional tectonics in the North China Craton and its adjacent regions: A review and synthesis, Int. Geol. Rev., 62, 811–839, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2018.1477073, 2020.
Lin, W., Faure, M., Monié, P., and Wang, Q. C.: Polyphase Mesozoic tectonics in the eastern part of the North China Block: Insights from the Eastern Liaoning Peninsula massif (NE China), Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 280, 153–169, 2007.
Lin, W., Faure, M., Monié, P., Schärer, U., and Panis, D.: Mesozoic extensional tectonics in Eastern Asia: The south Liaodong Peninsula metamorphic core complex (NE China), J. Geol., 116, 134–154, 2008.
Lin, W., Zeng, J. P., Meng, L. T., Qiu, H. B., Wei, W., Ren, Z. H., Chu, Y., Li, S. J., Song, C., and Wang, Q. C.: Extensional tectonics and North China Craton destruction: Insights from the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (AMS) of granite and metamorphic core complex, Science China Earth Sciences, 64, 1557–1589, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9754-1, 2021.
Liu, F., Yang, J. S., Lian, D. Y., Yu, X. Y., and Gwandu, K. R.: Metallogenic features of diamondiferous kimberlites in Botswana and China: Enlightenment for exploration of the same type deposits, Geol. Chin., 46, 43–76, 2019 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu, S. F., Gurnis, M., Ma, P. F., and Zhang, B.: Reconstruction of northeast Asian deformation integrated with western Pacific plate subduction since 200 Ma, Earth-Sci. Rev., 175, 114–142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.10.012, 2017.
Liu, Q. Y., He, L. J., and Chen, L. C.: Tectono-thermal modeling of Cenozoic multiple rift episodes in the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China and its geodynamic implications, Int. J. Earth Sci., 107, 53–69, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-017-1550-1, 2018.
Liu, Y. M. and Wu, Z. P.: Diachronous characteristics and genetic mechanism of the Paleogene tectonic transition in Bohai Bay basin: a case study of the southwest Bohai Sea and Jiyang Depression, J. Cent. South Univ. (Science and Technology), 53, 1095–1110, 2022 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma, Q. L., Yang, J. H., Du, Y. S., Dai, X. D., Chai, R., Guo, H., and Xu, Y. J.: Early Triassic initial collision between the North China and South China blocks in the eastern Qinling Orogenic Belt, Tectonophysics, 814, 228965, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228965, 2021.
Min, W., Liu, Y. G., Jiao, D. C., Shen, J., and Pan, X. L.: Evidence for Holocene activity of the Yilan–Yitong fault, northern section of the Tan–Lu fault zone in Northeast China, J. Asian Earth Sci., 67–68, 207–216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.02.031, 2013.
Qin, H. F., Hao, W. X., Deng, C. L., Zhao, P., Shen, Z. S., Han, F., He, H. Y., Pan, Y. X., and Zhu, R. X.: Sinistral displacement along the Tan–Lu Fault during the Cretaceous induced by Paleo-Pacific subduction: Constraints from new paleomagnetic and U–Pb geochronological data, J. Asian Earth Sci., 237, 105362, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105362, 2022.
Qiu, H. B., Lin, W., Chen, Y., and Faure, M.: Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the North China Craton and Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny in East Asia: New insights from a general review of stratigraphy, structures, and magmatism, Earth-Sci. Rev., 237, 104320, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104320, 2023.
Ren, J. S., Niu, B. G., Wang, J., Jin, X. C., and Xie, L. Z.: International Geological Map of Asia (1:5 000 000), Beijing, China, Geological Publishing House, ISBN 978-7-116-08364-6, 2013.
Ren, J. Y., Tamaki, K., Li, S. T., and Zhang, J. X.: Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas, Tectonophysics, 344, 175–205, 2002.
Ren, Z. H., Dong, S. W., Zhang, Y. Q., Chen, X. H., Shi, W., and Zhang, Y.: Middle Jurassic intracontinental evolution of East Asia: Insights from the Tianshifu-Dongyingfang basin of the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 135, 915–936, https://doi.org/10.1130/B36373.1, 2023.
Shen, Z. Y., Gao, J. Y., Yang, C. G., Yang, Y., Zhang, T., and Wu, Z. C.: Characteristics of the Neogene-Quaternary faults in the North Yellow Sea Basin and the inheritance to the Paleogene faults, Earth Sci., 38, 53–60, 2013 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun, S., Qiu, L., Yan, D. P., Zhou, Z., Zhang, J., Wang, X., Wu, B., Shi, H., Ariser, S., Chu, R., Fu, Y., and Wang, Y.: Formation and evolution of supradetachment basins during continental extension: Insights from the Fuxin Basin in NE China, Front. Earth Sci., 10, 845812, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.845812, 2022.
Tian, Z. X., Zhang, X. H., Xiao, G. L., and Meng, X. J.: The north edge fracture of the north Yellow Sea basin and its characters, Mar. Geol. Quat. Geol., 27, 59–63, 2007 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang, C., Sun, J., Shen, Y., Tian, T., Li, J., Qian, Y., and Sun, F.: Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous adakites from the Liaodong Peninsula: insight into the lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton, Geol. Mag., 160, 60–74, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756822000644, 2023.
Wang, K., Wei, B., and Zhao, Z. S.: Magma assembly and evolution of the Early Cretaceous Sanguliu pluton in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China, J. Asian Earth Sci., 226, 105077, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.105077, 2022.
Wang, T., Pan, X., and Hao, F.: Hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution prediction in Bohai Basin, Beijing, China, Geological Publishing House, 1–492, ISBN 978-7-116-10138-8, 2016 (in Chinese).
Wang, W., Wang, D. J., Zhao, B., Huang, Y., Zhang, C. H., Tan, K., and Yang, S. M.: Horizonal crustal deformation in Chinese Mainland analyzed by CMONOC GPS data from 2009–2013, Geodesy and Geodynamics, 5, 41–45, https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1246.2014.03041, 2014.
Wang, X. F., Li, Z. J., Chen, B. L., Chen, X. H., Dong, S. W., and Zhang, Q.: On Tan–Lu Fault Zone, Beijing, China, Geological Publishing House, 1–374, ISBN 7-116-03116-2, 2000 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu, J. J., Zeng, Q. D., Yang, J. H., Li, R., Yu, B., Wang, R. L., Chen, P. W., Zhang, Z. M., and Xie, W.: Petrogenesis and magmatic evolution of the intermediate–felsic Early Cretaceous Shizhuzi magmatic complex on Liaodong Peninsula, NE China, Lithos, 398–399, 106338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106338, 2021.
Xiao, L., Wang, F. Z., Wang, H., and Pirajno, F.: Mantle plume tectonics constraints on the formation of Songliao and Bohaiwan basins, Earth Sci., 29, 283–292, 2004 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiong, S. Q., Fan, Z. G., Zhang, H. R., Ding, Y. Y., Huang, X. Z., Li, Z. K., Guo, Z. H., Yang, X., Tong, J., Liu, Q. K., Zhou, D. Q., Tan, L., and Zhang, J. W.: Aeromagnetic Series Maps of Mailand China (1:2 500 000), with explanation, Beijing, China, Geological Publishing House, 1–19, ISBN 978-7-116-09206-8, 2015 (in Chinese).
Xu, J. W., Zhu, G., Tong, W. X., Cui, K. R., and Liu, Q.: Formation and evolution of the Tancheng-Lujiang wrench fault system: a major shear system to the northwest of the Pacific Ocean, Tectonophysics, 134, 273–310, 1987.
Xu, J. Y., Ben-Avraham, Z., Kelty, T., and Yu, H. S.: Origin of marginal basins of the NW Pacific and their plate tectonic reconstructions, Earth-Sci. Rev., 130, 154–196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106338, 2014.
Yan, D. P., Kong, R. Y., Dong, X. Y., Qiu, L., and Liu, H.: Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tectonic switching in Liaodong Peninsula of the North China Craton and the implications for gold mineralization, Sci. China Earth Sci., 64, 1537–1556, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9770-6, 2021.
Yang, J. H., Xu, L., Sun, J. F., Zeng, Q., Zhao, Y. N., Wang, H., and Zhu, Y. S.: Geodynamics of decratonization and related magmatism and mineralization in the North China Craton, Sci. China Earth Sci., 64, 1409–1427, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9732-6, 2021.
Yang, L. Q., Dilek, Y., Wang, Z. L., Weinberg, R. F., and Liu, Y.: Late Jurassic, high Ba–Sr Linglong granites in the Jiaodong Peninsula, east China: Lower crustal melting products in the eastern north China craton, Geol. Mag., 155, 1040–1062, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816001230, 2017.
Yang, Q., Shi, W., Hou, G. T., Zhang, Y., Wang, T. Y., and Zhao, Z. X.: Late Mesozoic intracontinental deformation at the northern margin of the North China Craton: A case study from the Kalaqin massif, southeastern Inner Mongolia, China, Tectonophysics, 793, 228591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228591, 2020.
Yin, A. and Nie, S. Y.: An indentation model for the North and South China collision and the development of the Tan–Lu and Honam fault systems, eastern Asia, Tectonics, 12, 801–813, 1993.
Yin, A., Yu, X. J., Shen, Z. K., and Liu-Zeng, J.: A possible seismic gap and high earthquake hazard in the North China Basin, Geology, 43, 19–22, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35986.1, 2015.
Yuan, H. W., Chen, S. P., Dai, K., Jia, G. H., Wang, P. F., Li, J. Y., and Gou, Q. W.: Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Bohai Bay Basin: Constraints from strike-slip activities of the Wangjiagang fault zone, NE China, J. Asian Earth Sci., 233, 105262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.06.012, 2022.
Zeng, R., Allen, M. B., Mao, X., Lai, J., Yan, J., and Wan, J.: Whole-rock and zircon evidence for evolution of the Late Jurassic high-Sr/Y Zhoujiapuzi granite, Liaodong Peninsula, North China Craton, Solid Earth, 13, 1259–1280, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1259-2022, 2022.
Zhai, M. G., Zhang, X. H., Zhang, Y. B., Wu, F. Y., Peng, P., Li, Q. L., Li, Z., Guo, J. H., Li, T. S., Zhao, L., Zhou, L. G., and Zhu, X. Y.: The geology of North Korea: an overview, Earth-Sci. Rev., 194, 57–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.025, 2019.
Zhang, J. D., Hao, T. Y., Dong, S. W., Chen, X. H., Cui, J. J., Yang, X. Y., Liu, C. Z., Li, T. J., Xu, Y., Huang, S., and Re, F. L.: The structural and tectonic relationships of the major fault systems of the Tan–Lu fault zone, with a focus on the segments within the North China region, J. Asian Earth Sci., 110, 85–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.11.011, 2015.
Zhang, L. M., Wang, C. S., Cao, K., Wang, Q., Tan, J., and Gao, Y.: High elevation of Jiaolai Basin during the Late Cretaceous: Implication for the coastal mountains along the East Asian margin, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 456, 112–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.034, 2016.
Zhang, Q. B., Song, M. C., Ding, Z. J., Guo, M. L., Zhou, M. L., Dai, C. G., Huo, G., and Zhang, P.: Exhumation history and preservation of the Jiaojia giant gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, Sci. China Earth Sci., 65, 1161–1177, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9887-1, 2022.
Zhang, P., Kou, L. L., and Zhao, Y.: Three periods of gold mineralization in the Liaodong Peninsula, North China Craton, Int. Geol. Rev., 64, 2922–2940, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2021.2009046, 2022.
Zhao, B., Huang, Y., Zhang, C. H., Wang, W., Tan, K., and Du, R. L.: Crustal deformation on the Chinese mainland during 1998-2014 based on GPS data, Geodesy and Geodynamics, 6, 7–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2014.12.006, 2015.
Zhou, Q. J., Liu, Y. J., Wang, D. Y., Guan, Q. B., Wang, G. Z., Wang, Y., Li, Z. T., and Li, S. Z.: Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution and buried hill formation in central Bohai Bay, Earth Sci. Front., 29, 147–160, 2022 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu, G., Wang, D. X., Liu, G. S., Niu, M. L., and Song C. Z.: Evolution of the Tanlu fault zone and its responses to plate movements in west Pacific basin, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 39, 36–49, 2004 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu, R. X. and Xu, Y. G.: The subduction of the west Pacific plate and the destruction of the North China Craton, Sci. China Earth Sci., 62, 1340–1350, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-018-9356-y, 2019.
Zhu, R. X., Zhu, G., and Li, J. W.: The North China Craton Destruction, Beijing, China, Science Press, 1–417, 2020 (in Chinese).
Zhu, R. X., Yang, J. H., Wang, G. W., Zeng, Q. D., Xue, G. Q., Xu, T., Li, X. H., Zhang, P., Lei, D., and Zhu, G.: The genesis and resource potential of gold deposits in the Liaodong Peninsula, Sci. China Earth Sci., 67, 657–672, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-023-1258-4, 2024.
Zuza, A. V., Levy, D. A., Dee, S., DesOrmeau, J. W., Cheng, F., and Li, X. Z.: Structural architecture and attenuation of the ductile lower plate of the Ruby Mountain-East Humboldt Range metamorphic core complex, Northeast Nevada, Tectonics, 41, e2021TC007162, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021TC007162, 2022.
Short summary
Based on the construction of a major fault system and investigation of several main boundaries of the Bohai Sea Basin, eastern China, we propose a right-lateral strike-slip fault between the eastern margin of the Liaodong Peninsula and the northwestern margin of the Jiaodong Peninsula. Then, we suggest that the two-direction extension perpendicular and parallel to the subduction zone should be the genesis of the Bohai Sea Basin and also the basic pattern of the back-arc extension.
Based on the construction of a major fault system and investigation of several main boundaries...
