Articles | Volume 9, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1299-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1299-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Failure criteria for porous dome rocks and lavas: a study of Mt. Unzen, Japan
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
Jackie E. Kendrick
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
Paul A. Wallace
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
Takahiro Miwa
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Ibaraki, 305-0006, Japan
Adrian J. Hornby
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
now at: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, 80333, Germany
James D. Ashworth
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
Takeshi Matsushima
Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Kyushu University, Nagasaki, 855 0843, Japan
Yan Lavallée
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
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Jackie E. Kendrick, Anthony Lamur, Julien Mouli-Castillo, Andrew P. Fraser-Harris, Alexander Lightbody, Katriona Edlmann, Christopher McDermott, and Zoe Shipton
Adv. Geosci., 62, 11–19, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-62-11-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-62-11-2023, 2023
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By testing the strength of granite in compression and tension at a range of deformation rates, we found that the strength increases with faster deformation. This observation highlights that at these rates, relevant for example to geothermal exploration, we have to consider how the rate of deformation impacts the energy released when rocks crack. The results are promising for developing safe procedures for extracting resources from the subsurface.
Yan Lavallée, Takahiro Miwa, James D. Ashworth, Paul A. Wallace, Jackie E. Kendrick, Rebecca Coats, Anthony Lamur, Adrian Hornby, Kai-Uwe Hess, Takeshi Matsushima, Setsuya Nakada, Hiroshi Shimizu, Bernhard Ruthensteiner, and Hugh Tuffen
Solid Earth, 13, 875–900, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-875-2022, 2022
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Volcanic eruptions are controlled by the presence of gas bubbles in magma, which, in excess, can cause explosions. Eruption models lack an understanding of how gas percolates in magma flowing in a conduit. Here we study gas percolation in magma associated with the 1994–1995 eruption at Mt. Unzen, Japan. The results show that the pathways for gas escape depend on the depth and ascent rate of magma. Pathways closed at depth but opened along fractures when magma ascended rapidly near the surface.
Jackie E. Kendrick, Lauren N. Schaefer, Jenny Schauroth, Andrew F. Bell, Oliver D. Lamb, Anthony Lamur, Takahiro Miwa, Rebecca Coats, Yan Lavallée, and Ben M. Kennedy
Solid Earth, 12, 633–664, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-633-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-633-2021, 2021
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The last lava dome eruption of Mount Unzen (Japan) ended in 1995, but ongoing instability means much of the area remains an exclusion zone. The rocks in the lava dome impact its stability; heterogeneity (contrasting properties) and anisotropy (orientation-specific properties) can channel fluids and localise deformation, enhancing the risk of lava dome collapse. We recommend using measured material properties to interpret geophysical signals and to model volcanic systems.
O. D. Lamb, S. De Angelis, K. Umakoshi, A. J. Hornby, J. E. Kendrick, and Y. Lavallée
Solid Earth, 6, 1277–1293, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-1277-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-1277-2015, 2015
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In this paper we analyse the seismic record during the extrusion of a lava spine at Unzen volcano, Japan, in 1994. We find two strong groups of similar volcanic earthquakes which, combined with previously published field and experimental observations, we interpret as repetitive fracturing along the margin of the lava spine. This work demonstrates the potential of combining these different approaches for achieving a greater understanding of shallow volcanic processes.
J. E. Kendrick, Y. Lavallée, K.-U. Hess, S. De Angelis, A. Ferk, H. E. Gaunt, P. G. Meredith, D. B. Dingwell, and R. Leonhardt
Solid Earth, 5, 199–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-199-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-199-2014, 2014
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Short summary
Lava domes are mounds of viscous lava and their collapse can cause deadly pyroclastic flows. This paper looks at the example of Mt. Unzen in Japan. Using novel experimental techniques, we discovered that crystals and bubbles in the lava make it behave differently to what was previously thought and that it becomes weaker and more susceptible to collapse as it cools. This calls for a review of current models, allowing for better failure prediction of lava domes in the future.
Lava domes are mounds of viscous lava and their collapse can cause deadly pyroclastic flows....