Reflection seismic data can provide high-resolution images of the Earth's crust and allow a better understanding of crustal structure on all continents. In this paper we revisit reflection seismic data that were acquired previously across the central part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Merging individual components of the data set in a more optimal manner resulted in a new image of the crust below the Scandinavian Caledonides with a revised interpretation of the crustal structure in the west.

Sinkholes and caves underground pose challenges for various industries in the karst area, particularly those, such as construction, agriculture, and infrastructure development, dependent on stable ground conditions. In this study, we applied seismic reflection, a geophysical method, to delineate shallow subsurface complex geological structures and to better understand limestone cave formation in Shenzhen, China.

The manuscript re-analyses seismic data from the UPPLAND profile in the Fennoscandian Shield, focusing on P- and S-wave velocity models. Significant differences between prior and present models emerge in the lower crust and mantle and in the Moho depth. The new model suggests ca. 7.1 km s^-1 in the lower crust and 8.05 km s^-1 in the upper mantle, with Moho at 43–50 km. Two tectonic interpretations are proposed to explain these findings, emphasising the complexities of seismic data interpretation.

Three 2D seismic profiles were acquired in the Thinia valley, an isthmus connecting the main part of the island to the Paliki peninsula, to improve the subsurface knowledge of the tectonically peculiar Kefalonia island. Here the presence of a possible channel has been largely disputed in ongoing investigations for the possible location of Homer’s Ithaca. Results from different analyses further constrain the recent tectonic history of the area and thus the long-debated presence of a historic water channel in the valley.

We obtain the highest-resolution three-dimensional P-wave attenuation model in the China Seismic Experimental Site to date. The P-wave attenuation value anomalies along large fault zones, some basin areas, and the Tengchong volcanic area are low, reflecting the high degree of medium fragmentation in these areas with thick sedimentary layers or rich in fluids.