By analyzing 45 years of Very Long Baseline Interferometry data, we found that the liquid outer core and solid mantle are more strongly coupled than expected, likely due to topography at their boundary. The solid inner core is also less rigidly connected to the outer core. These results challenge current models of Earth's deep interior, core dynamics, and magnetic field generation, with implications for geophysics and space navigation.

The volume increase associated with many hydration reactions can fracture the surrounding rock, creating new fluid pathways that impact the distribution of fluids and hydration. However, it is unclear how this process is impacted by the background stress state, which varies between tectonic settings. We ran simulations that indicate the fracture pattern is sensitive to the background stress state, suggesting that it may be a key factor guiding hydration in the lithosphere.

We assess the fault impact on the stress field in northern Switzerland using 3D geomechanical models, calibrated with stress data. We see that faults affect the stresses only locally, with negligible impact beyond 1 km, suggesting that faults may not be necessary in reservoir-scale models predicting stresses of undisturbed rock volumes, such as for a deep geological repository. Omitting them can substantially reduce modelling time and computational cost without compromising prediction accuracy.

We compare seismometers with the 6C method, which combines rotational and seismometer data, determining signal directions and wave velocities for short and continuous low-frequency volcanic signals at Mt. Etna. Either the cluster or the rotational sensor reliably detect continuous signal directions, aligning with the observatory data. For short signals, 6C directions deviate more, likely due to a complex underground. Combining both methods' velocity results improves understanding volcanic waves.

Our study presents an approach to increase the accuracy of determining the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). We used forward modelled velocity profiles tailored to the local lithospheric structure under seismological stations throughout the Carpathian-Pannonian region, and also considered the effect of small amount of melt in the asthenosphere. The resulting velocity models produce more refined and reliable LAB depths than widely used global models.

Underground storage of carbon dioxide in rocks is vital for moderating climate change. Our experiments show that feldspars, a common mineral in CO₂ storage reservoirs, can crack and dissolve when exposed to CO₂ rich fluids. These changes may affect storage efficiency and safety. These results address a key knowledge gap in CCS project appraisal and have scope to provide empirical constraints for long-term CO₂ storage predictions and inform decision makers working to ensure storage security.

The Outer Thrust System (OTS) in coastal Abruzzi (Italy) remains debated in terms of its geometry, seismic activity, and deformation style. This study presents a new seismic tomography of the Abruzzi Arc basal thrust, revealing mid-crustal doubling at depths of 14–24 km. The conceptual 3D model highlights deep compressive tectonics influencing the crustal structure. If the thrust is seismogenic, it could have significant implications for regional geodynamics and seismic hazard assessment.

This study examines hydrothermal vent complexes in Brazil's Potiguar Basin using 3D seismic data, demonstrating how regional faults control vent formation by channeling fluid flow. Results reveal that vent development processes and their geometry, with seismic attributes effectively mapping their distribution. The research advances understanding of tectono-hydrothermal relationships, providing insights for hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir characterization in sedimentary basins.

We studied the deep structure beneath the Lerma Valley in northwestern Argentina to better understand how the Earth's crust behaves in this active but little-studied region of the Andes. Using data from local and teleseismic earthquakes, we mapped layers within the crust and found major contrasts between the northern and southern areas. Our results shed new light on how this region formed and evolved, offering important insights into earthquake risks and mountain-building processes.

Igneous intrusions that could be associated with volcanic eruptions on Earth’s surface can be also seen on geophysical data at great depths, well beyond the reach of boreholes. Our results show how advance analysis of seismic data together with regional geological information could be used to predict their key characteristics such as lithology, thickness and overall geometry that are necessary in order to understand Earth’s magmatic activity.

This study examines how different underground fault lines relate to the locations of earthquakes in Bangladesh and surrounding regions. Based on satellite images and data processed using computer software, the study found that earthquakes tend to cluster around certain types of faults. This knowledge can be employed to improve earthquake hazard modeling and to inform better planning for safer communities and buildings in the region.

We use analogue outcrops to predict orientations of the background fracture network in the subsurface. The novelty of our research is that we group different sets of fractures into associations, based on the orientation of the stress field in which they formed. We apply this methodology to the Geneva Basin. Regional observations enable us to predict fracture orientations in the subsurface. 45 % of the fractures observed on image logs of two wells fit the prediction.

Shear zones have strong ductile precursors, which controls their localization and trend whereas the faults are cross-cutting in character with respect to the ductile framework. Roughness of the bedrock surface is characterized by bedrock depressions that are spatially coinciding with shear zones and faults. Lowest elevations are detected within the bedrock depressions along the core-domains of shear zone and fault, while the associated fractures control the bedrock surface in the damage zones.

When in extension, the Earth's crust accommodates deformation by breaking. Through time, faults grow into an intricate network that can be detected by changes in topography, or through modelling (numerical or analogue). This study demonstrates how the Python library Fatbox, the fault analysis toolbox, can extract the network pattern automatically from said datasets and characterise the geometry and kinematics of the fault network.

We introduce SEITCOM-1D, a new open-source software that connects the physical and chemical structure of the Earth’s crust and mantle with seismic observations. This relationship is often difficult to model, but SEITCOM-1D simplifies the process using geophysical and thermodynamic principles. It allows scientists to explore how variations in temperature and composition influence surface wave dispersion and receiver functions, helping to interpret what seismic data reveals about Earth's interior.

Transition zone between the Precambrian East European Craton and the Palaeozoic Platform, by integrating seismic interpretation with two-dimensional gravity and magnetic modelling. The combined data provide new insights into the complex tectonic evolution of the region.

A method for shape quantification based on geometrical parameters is proposed alongside a set of regular geometries established as geomodeling benchmarks. Dimensions, gradient and curvature data is obtained on cross-sections. Data analyses provide insight into the main geometrical characteristics of the benchmark models and visualizes geometrical dis-/similarities between bodies. The method and benchmarks are usable in geomodeling workflows and structural comparisons based on sparse data.

Curling stones often collide with each other during a game. Over time, these collisions cause damage in the striking bands on the sides of the stones. We determined experimentally how hard these stones collide into one another. We then looked at old curling stones to understand how damage builds up in these rocks. We found that early, fast impacts produce fractures until the striking band is saturated in fractures. Repeated impacts after this stage make fractures grow.

Accretionary wedges are the prime locations of exhumed high-pressure (HP) and low-temperature (LT) metamorphic rocks. Previous tectonic models invoked the corner flow theory with a premise of slab-parallel motion to explain the upward return flow of buried metasediments. In this study, we develop a generalized corner flow model with additional kinematic and rheological factors and evaluate the limiting conditions in which a wedge can set in significant return flows.