This study addresses the tectonic evolution of the seismogenic Monti Martani Fault System (northern Apennines, Italy). By applying a field-based structural geology approach, we reconstruct the evolution of the stress field and we challenge the current interpretation of the fault system in terms of both geometry and state of activity. We stress that the peculiar behavior of this system during post-orogenic extension is still significantly influenced by the pre-orogenic structural template.

This work investigates how strike-slip faults propagate across domains with lateral contrasting brittle strength using analogue models. The introduction of brittle vertical domains was achieved using quartz microbead sand. The reference vertical domains influence synthetic fault propagation, segmentation, and linkage, as well as the antithetic faults which rotate about a vertical axis due to the applied simple shear. The results aligned with the faults in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula.

Our study investigates the structural evolution of the Fars Arc in the Zagros Mountains through numerical modeling. We focus on the effects of the interaction between basement faults and salt décollement levels during tectonic inversion, including a rifting and a convergence phase. In conclusion, our results emphasize the importance of considering fault geometry, salt rheology, and basement involvement in understanding the resistance to deformation and the seismic behavior of fold–thrust belts.

We demonstrate the feasibility of imaging vertical freezing boundaries using borehole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in experimental geological latent heat storage, where part of a shallow Quaternary aquifer is frozen. To gain insights into the current thermal state in the subsurface, we assess the frozen volume dimension. We show that a combination of crosshole and reflection measurements allows us to image the ice body with high accuracy in the challenging environment of saturated sediments.

Transform faults are conservative plate boundaries where no material is added or destroyed. Oceanic fracture zones are their inactive remnants and record tectonic processes that formed oceanic crust. In this study, we combine high-resolution data sets along fracture zones in the Gulf of Guinea to demonstrate that their formation is characterized by increased metamorphic conditions. This is in line with previous studies that describe the non-conservative character of transform faults.

Hydropower dams associated with a large reservoir, a key renewable, face challenges like reservoir-triggered seismicity (RTS). Here, rock samples show 6.3 %–14.7 % porosity and a maximum permeability of 0.0098 mD. A 136 m reservoir rise causes a 0.61 MPa pore pressure increase. Vertical stress rises by 0.75 MPa, and horizontal stress falls by 0.48 MPa, which leads to fault destabilization, causing RTS. These facts urge the adoption of sustainable energy strategies and future dam development.

The STAR project set out to drill six shallow holes and use geophysical logging to find the best depth for placing seismometers and strainmeters to image the upper crust, in particular the Alto Tiberina fault, Italy. These measurements give us a better idea of what the rocks are like, helping us connect what we know from the literature with what we find underground, giving solid information on rock properties, which helps us understand the first few hundred meters of the Earth's crust.

This study investigates how Earth's geodynamic processes shaped the NW Zagros mountain belt in the Middle East. The Neogene foreland basin underwent subsidence due to the load of the surface and the subducting slab and was later influenced by the Neotethys horizontal slab tearing and the associated asthenospheric mantle flow during the Late Miocene and onward.

Reconstructions of past earthquakes are useful to assess earthquake hazard risk. We assess a limestone scarp exposed by earthquakes along the Sparta Fault, Greece, using ³⁶Cl and rare-earth elements and yttrium (REE-Y). Our analyses indicate an increase in the average scarp slip rate from 0.8–0.9 mm yr^-1 at 6.5–7.7 kyr ago to 1.1–1.2 mm yr^-1 up to the devastating 464 BCE earthquake. REE-Y indicate clays in the fault scarp; their potential use in palaeoseismicity would benefit from further study.

We postulate that the observed spatial distribution of large earthquakes in active convergence zones, organised in segments where large events are repeated every 100–300 years, depends on large-scale continental faults and fluid release from the subducting slab. In order to support this model, we use proxies at different spatial and temporal scales (historic seismicity, megathrust slip solutions, inter-seismic cumulative seismicity, GPS/viscous plate coupling, and coastline morphology).

This study estimates source properties by analyzing seismic data of 303 earthquakes (2018–2020) in the Marmara Region, Turkey, and finds a strong correlation between moment-derived coda magnitude (M_w-coda) and moment magnitude (M_L). Moreover, the scaled energy increases with seismic moment estimates and shows non-self-similar scaling in earthquake sources.

We investigate the along-strike variation in volcanics on the Pelotas segment of the Brazilian margin created during continental breakup and formation of the southern South Atlantic.  We show that the volume of volcanics strongly controls the amount of space available for post-breakup sedimentation. We also show that breakup varies along-strike from very magma-rich to magma-normal within a relatively short distance of less than 300 km. This is not as expected from a simple mantle plume model.

Understanding strain accumulation processes in shear zones is essential for explaining failure mechanisms at great crustal depths. This study explores the rheological and kinematic factors determining the varying modes of shear accommodation in natural shear zones. Numerical simulations suggest that an interplay of parameters – initial viscosity, bulk shear rate, and internal cohesion – governs the dominance of one accommodation mechanism over another.