Articles | Volume 11, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1849-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1849-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Oct 2020
Research article |
| 14 Oct 2020
| 14 Oct 2020
Estimating ocean tide loading displacements with GPS and GLONASS
Bogdan Matviichuk
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
Matt King
School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
Christopher Watson
School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
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Cited
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Limitations in One‐Dimensional (an)Elastic Earth Models for Explaining GPS‐Observed M2 Ocean Tide Loading Displacements in New Zealand B. Matviichuk et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB021992
- Improved estimation of ocean tide loading displacements using GALILEO and BDS-3 observations along the coast of China H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.10.041
- Multi-constellation GNSS interferometric reflectometry for tidal analysis: mitigations for K1 and K2 biases due to GPS geometrical errors D. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-023-01812-3
- Improved estimation of ocean tide loading displacements using multi-GNSS kinematic and static precise point positioning H. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-023-01568-5
- Assessment of sub-daily ocean tide loading errors and mitigation of their propagation in multi-GNSS position time series H. Ait-Lakbir et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-023-01467-9
- Introducing the Idea of Classifying Sets of Permanent GNSS Stations as Benchmarks for Hydrogeodesy A. Klos et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB026988
- Preface: Developments in the science and history of tides P. Woodworth et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-809-2021
- Assessments of GPS satellite orbiting period effects on diurnal and semi-diurnal luni-solar declinations utilizing Galileo satellites H. Duman https://doi.org/10.59313/jsr-a.1503888
- Estimation of GPS-observed ocean tide loading displacements with an improved harmonic analysis in the northwest European shelf H. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-023-01796-0
- Determination of Ocean Tide Loading Displacements Using a Dense Continuous GPS/BDS Network H. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSUED2.SUENG-1422
- Estimating ocean tidal loading and sea level variability in the northern Adriatic using GNSS positioning, tide gauges and GNSS reflectometry A. Fantoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggag219
- Combining the Tide Gauge Stations and GPS/GLONASS Observations to Validate Global and Regional Ocean Tide Models around China Coast H. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000396
- Comparison of state-of-the-art GNSS-observed and predicted ocean tide loading displacements across Australia B. Matviichuk et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-023-01767-5
- Improving estimates of ocean tide loading displacements with multi-GNSS: a case study of Hong Kong G. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-021-01212-0
- Comparing Non‐Tidal Ocean Loading Around the Southern North Sea With Subdaily GPS/GLONASS Data J. Geng et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020685
- Automated forward and adjoint modelling of viscoelastic deformation of the solid Earth W. Scott et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2717-2026
- Benefits of tidal admittance functions for refining GNSS-observed solar and lunisolar tidal constituents H. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-024-01768-7
- Determination of weather-induced short-term sea level variations by GNSS reflectometry T. Gravalon et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113090
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Limitations in One‐Dimensional (an)Elastic Earth Models for Explaining GPS‐Observed M2 Ocean Tide Loading Displacements in New Zealand B. Matviichuk et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB021992
- Improved estimation of ocean tide loading displacements using GALILEO and BDS-3 observations along the coast of China H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.10.041
- Multi-constellation GNSS interferometric reflectometry for tidal analysis: mitigations for K1 and K2 biases due to GPS geometrical errors D. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-023-01812-3
- Improved estimation of ocean tide loading displacements using multi-GNSS kinematic and static precise point positioning H. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-023-01568-5
- Assessment of sub-daily ocean tide loading errors and mitigation of their propagation in multi-GNSS position time series H. Ait-Lakbir et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-023-01467-9
- Introducing the Idea of Classifying Sets of Permanent GNSS Stations as Benchmarks for Hydrogeodesy A. Klos et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB026988
- Preface: Developments in the science and history of tides P. Woodworth et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-809-2021
- Assessments of GPS satellite orbiting period effects on diurnal and semi-diurnal luni-solar declinations utilizing Galileo satellites H. Duman https://doi.org/10.59313/jsr-a.1503888
- Estimation of GPS-observed ocean tide loading displacements with an improved harmonic analysis in the northwest European shelf H. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-023-01796-0
- Determination of Ocean Tide Loading Displacements Using a Dense Continuous GPS/BDS Network H. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSUED2.SUENG-1422
- Estimating ocean tidal loading and sea level variability in the northern Adriatic using GNSS positioning, tide gauges and GNSS reflectometry A. Fantoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggag219
- Combining the Tide Gauge Stations and GPS/GLONASS Observations to Validate Global and Regional Ocean Tide Models around China Coast H. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000396
- Comparison of state-of-the-art GNSS-observed and predicted ocean tide loading displacements across Australia B. Matviichuk et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-023-01767-5
- Improving estimates of ocean tide loading displacements with multi-GNSS: a case study of Hong Kong G. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-021-01212-0
- Comparing Non‐Tidal Ocean Loading Around the Southern North Sea With Subdaily GPS/GLONASS Data J. Geng et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020685
- Automated forward and adjoint modelling of viscoelastic deformation of the solid Earth W. Scott et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2717-2026
- Benefits of tidal admittance functions for refining GNSS-observed solar and lunisolar tidal constituents H. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-024-01768-7
- Determination of weather-induced short-term sea level variations by GNSS reflectometry T. Gravalon et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113090
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 06 Jul 2026
Short summary
The Earth deforms as the weight of ocean mass changes with the tides. GPS has been used to estimate displacements of the Earth at tidal periods and then used to understand the properties of the Earth or to test models of ocean tides. However, there are important inaccuracies in these GPS measurements at major tidal periods. We find that combining GPS and GLONASS gives more accurate results for constituents other than K2 and K1; for these, GLONASS or ambiguity resolved GPS are preferred.
The Earth deforms as the weight of ocean mass changes with the tides. GPS has been used to...
