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Articles | Volume 16, issue 9
Articles | Volume 16, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-785-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-785-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 16, issue 9
Research article
 | 
05 Sep 2025
Research article |  | 05 Sep 2025

Characterizing some major Archean faults at depth in the Superior craton, North America

David B. Snyder, Jack M. Simmons, John A. Ayer, Mostafa Naghizadeh, Ademola Q. Adetunji, Taus R. C. Jørgensen, Graham J. Hill, Eric A. Roots, and Saeid Cheraghi

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Short summary
Subsurface geometries of ancient faults mapped by high-resolution geophysical surveys use reflected seismic waves. Such surveys in southern Canada map faults which host significant gold or nickel deposits. Reflectors are considered to be brittle if upper-crustal, lava flows if folded or broken, and mid-crustal if mostly parallel. Steep fault zones possibly first formed in ocean settings when the lava erupted. Folding and horizontal shortening probably occurred during later mountain building.
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Seismic imaging from the lithosphere to the near surface