Among sedimentary rocks, evaporites (as salt) have a particular behavior when deformed under geological forces: they flow while the others break. Such behavior controls the evolution of mountain building events. By mapping the distribution of rocks and interpreting the subsurface architecture of geological structures we were able to reconstruct the mountain building processes of an area in the Southern Pyrenees and how those evaporites flowed and accumulated.

We propose a new method to map faults automatically in digital elevation models (DEMs) and measure long-term crustal deformation in rift contexts. By combining our data with rock ages, we reconstruct rift evolution in Afar during the last 4.5 Myr. We show that the rift axis is most active, with rifting propagating north-west over time. Here magma promotes crustal deformation and faulting caused by dike opening. In the southern sector Afar, two fault systems respond to different motions of diverging tectonic plates.

Understanding the stress and strain conditions in the Earth's crust is crucial for various activities, such as oil and gas exploration and assessing seismic hazards. In this article, we have updated the database of moment tensor focal mechanisms for Greater Iberia. We conducted kinematic and dynamic analyses on the selected populations, determining the average focal mechanism, strain and stress orientations, and tectonic regime. The orientation for horizontal compression is primarily N154° E.

This study analyzes geological faults using triangular surface data to model displaced horizons, considering scenarios with and without elevation uncertainties. Formal proofs and computational experiments show that, without elevation errors, identical dip directions occur. Even with uncertainties, the expected dip direction remains consistent. The findings offer insights for predicting fault geometry in data-sparse environments, improving fault modeling with imprecise elevation data.

In some situations where the crust plates collide into each other, they deform by creating folds and thrusts. Based on the development direction of the thrusts, they are categorized into fore- or back-thrusts. We use numerical simulation to investigate their development over geological timescales. We examine the importance of rock strength, friction, displacement type, and geometry on back-thrusting with regard to the final geometry of the deformation, along with the distribution of porosity and stresses.

The St. Paul Transform System on the equatorial Atlantic is a seismically oceanic transform fault system. This study re-examines the focal depths of 35 earthquakes (M_W 5.3–6.9) from Transforms A, B, and C. The data suggest that the seismogenic zone ranges from 5 to 18 km deep, with the deepest occurring in cooler lithosphere around the center of the transform segments. This challenges earlier hypotheses and indicates a global pattern of cooler mantle in center of oceanic transform faults.

This study presents a new geological model of the Fano-Pesaro offshore area, refining its tectonic framework. We identified multiple fault detachments at different depths, influencing thrust system dynamics and deformation. This work highlights the importance of integrating seismic and borehole data, even legacy, to build reliable subsurface models. These findings contribute to improved seismic hazard assessment and support offshore energy development and carbon storage projects.

This study makes use of advanced seismic exploration techniques to look at the subsurface of South Africa's Kheis region. The results reveal hidden faults and folded rocks that help explain how ancient continents collided. The findings challenge older ideas about major geological boundaries and suggest a new model for how the crust formed and evolved. This work shows how old data, when re-analyzed with new methods and integrated with supporting data, can disclose important geological qualities.

We have studied the stress conditions at the Decatur CO₂ storage site that would induce the observed microseismicity. Initial estimates suggested that faults required higher pressure to slip than the injection pressure, but refining pressure and friction assumptions led to more realistic scenarios. Our study highlights the importance of accurate stress state measurements and high-quality data to better predict reservoir response to injection and improve the safety and reliability of CO₂ storage.