Seismic source inversion is the method of inferring the spatial orientation of an earthquake source from seismic records. The results come with large uncertainties, which we try to estimate in a Bayesian approach. We propose an empirical relationship for the likelihood function based on a large dataset of deterministic solutions. This allows using the cross-correlation coefficient as a misfit criterion, which is better suited for waveform comparison than the popular root mean square or L2 norm.

In this paper we report on changes in elemental stoichiometry as affected by the nitrogen addition effect within three soil aggregate fractions of large macroaggregates (> 2000 μm), small macroaggregates (250–2000 μm), and microaggregates (< 250 μm) in a temperate steppe.

1. A distributed and dynamic sediment yield model for loess hilly area was modified. 2. Spatiotemporal evolution of sediment in an easily eroded watershed was estimated. 3. Effects of returning farmland on erosion and sediment yield were evaluated.

Imaging the inside of the Earth requires knowledge of how the Earth's properties affect seismic recordings. However, certain properties, such as density, affect seismograms in a way that is not fully known. Using numerical simulations, we can calculate a synthetic seismogram for a medium with and without density heterogeneities, and then compare the two signals. That way, we quantify the density effect on a seismogram. We also show that it is visible and growing as the wavefield gets scattered.

From the geomorphology of a palaeodelta complex of Lake Turkana (Kenya), we explore the end of the Holocene African Humid Period (AHP) that corresponded to a major change in climate of Africa and that had important environmental impacts. Here, we propose that the transition from a wet to a dry period at the end of the AHP is stepwise, discussing a potential control by short-term variations in solar activity. Understanding this climate event is crucial to facing future climate changes.