Articles | Volume 2, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-143-2011
© Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-143-2011
© Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Method article
| 
28 Jul 2011
Method article |
| 28 Jul 2011
Optical method for measuring bed topography and flow depth in an experimental flume
A. Limare
Equipe de Dynamique des Fluides Géologiques, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP, UMR 7154, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot), 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France
M. Tal
Equipe de Dynamique des Fluides Géologiques, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP, UMR 7154, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot), 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France
now at: Univ. Aix-Marseille, CEREGE UMR 6635, Europôle de l'Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 04, France
M. D. Reitz
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
E. Lajeunesse
Equipe de Dynamique des Fluides Géologiques, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP, UMR 7154, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot), 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France
F. Métivier
Equipe de Dynamique des Fluides Géologiques, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP, UMR 7154, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot), 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France
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We discuss collapse sinkholes occuring since 2004 on the sports field of Münsterdorf, a village north of Hamburg. The sinkholes, 2–5 m in size and about 3–5 m deep, develop in peri-glacial sand, with a likely origin in the Cretaceous chalk, present at about 20 m depth. The area has been analyzed with geophysical and direct-push-based methods, from which material properties of the subsurface have been derived. The properties have been used for mechanical models, predicting the subsidence.
Zhao Duan, Yan-Bin Wu, Qing Zhang, Zhen-Yan Li, Lin Yuan, Kai Wang, and Yang Liu
Solid Earth, 13, 1631–1647, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1631-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1631-2022, 2022
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We studied the mobility and sedimentary characteristics of rock avalanches influenced by initial discontinuity sets with experimental methods. In the experiments, we set different initial configurations of blocks. The results revealed that the mobility and surface structures of the mass flows differed significantly. In the mass deposits, the block orientations were affected by their initial configurations and the motion processes of the mass flows.
Marianne Métois, Jean-Emmanuel Martelat, Jérémy Billant, Muriel Andreani, Javier Escartín, Frédérique Leclerc, and the ICAP team
Solid Earth, 12, 2789–2802, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2789-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2789-2021, 2021
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We use the Minerve virtual reality software to bring undergraduate students to an unusual field trip at 1200 m below sea level in the Lesser Antilles area. This region is located above an active subduction zone responsible for intense volcanic and seismic activity. In particular, we focus on the Roseau submarine fault that ruptured during the Mw 6.3 Les Saintes earthquake and presented a fresh scarp that the students can analyze and map in VR. They compile their results in a GIS project.
Oswald Malcles, Philippe Vernant, Jean Chéry, Pierre Camps, Gaël Cazes, Jean-François Ritz, and David Fink
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We aim to better understand the challenging areas that are the intraplate regions using one example: the southern French Massif Central and its numerous hundreds of meters deep valleys. We apply a multidisciplinary approach there using geomorphology, geochronology, and numerical modeling.
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François Clapuyt, Veerle Vanacker, Marcus Christl, Kristof Van Oost, and Fritz Schlunegger
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Using state-of-the-art geomorphic techniques, we quantified a 2-order of magnitude discrepancy between annual, decadal, and millennial sediment fluxes of a landslide-affected mountainous river catchment in the Swiss Alps. Our results illustrate that the impact of a single sediment pulse is strongly attenuated at larger spatial and temporal scales by sediment transport. The accumulation of multiple sediment pulses has rather a measurable impact on the regional pattern of sediment fluxes.
Robert A. Watson, Eoghan P. Holohan, Djamil Al-Halbouni, Leila Saberi, Ali Sawarieh, Damien Closson, Hussam Alrshdan, Najib Abou Karaki, Christian Siebert, Thomas R. Walter, and Torsten Dahm
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The fall of the Dead Sea level since the 1960s has provoked the formation of over 6000 sinkholes, a major hazard to local economy and infrastructure. In this context, we study the evolution of subsidence phenomena at three area scales at the Dead Sea’s eastern shore from 1967–2017. Our results yield the most detailed insights to date into the spatio-temporal development of sinkholes and larger depressions (uvalas) in an evaporite karst setting and emphasize a link to the falling Dead Sea level.
Djamil Al-Halbouni, Eoghan P. Holohan, Abbas Taheri, Robert A. Watson, Ulrich Polom, Martin P. J. Schöpfer, Sacha Emam, and Torsten Dahm
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A 2-D numerical modelling approach to simulate the mechanical formation of sinkhole cluster inside large-scale karstic depressions is presented. Different multiple cavity growth scenarios at depth are compared regarding the mechanical process and collapse style. The outcomes of the models are compared to results from remote sensing and geophysics for an active sinkhole area in the Dead Sea region.
Michael Hodge, Juliet Biggs, Åke Fagereng, Austin Elliott, Hassan Mdala, and Felix Mphepo
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This work attempts to create a semi-automated algorithm (called SPARTA) to calculate height, width and slope of surface breaks produced by earthquakes on faults. We developed the Python algorithm using synthetic catalogues, which can include noise features such as vegetation, hills and ditches, which mimic natural environments. We then apply the algorithm to four fault scarps in southern Malawi, at the southern end of the East African Rift system, to understand their earthquake potential.
Bruno Cagnoli and Antonio Piersanti
Solid Earth, 8, 177–188, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-177-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-177-2017, 2017
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The purpose of our research is to understand the mechanisms that determine the mobility of granular flows of rock fragments. Since rock avalanches and pyroclastic flows are too dangerous to be studied at close range, we use numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. We focus on the fundamentals upon which new numerical models will be built to predict the behaviors of natural flows. These fundamentals include the effects of grain size, flow volume and channel width.
Alexis Nutz and Mathieu Schuster
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Enric Vázquez-Suñé, Miguel Ángel Marazuela, Violeta Velasco, Marc Diviu, Andrés Pérez-Estaún, and Joaquina Álvarez-Marrón
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This study shows the need for a symbiotic relationship between government and research groups for efficient management of geologic data in urban environments. Through its implementation, both the city administration and private companies benefit from the feedback of geologic knowledge acquired during this process, thereby substantially reducing the cost of construction projects and facilitating the development of aquifer management plans.
Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan, Vafa Homayounfar, and Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi
Solid Earth, 7, 1293–1302, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1293-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1293-2016, 2016
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Different stages of soil removal, transfer, preparation and placement in laboratory plots cause significant changes in soil structure and, subsequently, the results of runoff, sediment concentration and soil loss. The increasing rates of runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss due to the study soil preparation method for laboratory soil erosion plots were 179, 183 and 1050 % (2.79, 2.83 and 11.50 times), respectively.
Jozef Gallik and Lenka Bolešová
Solid Earth, 7, 1033–1042, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1033-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1033-2016, 2016
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Technology is moving ahead very fast, and so researchers have new possibilities for their research. We tried to demonstrate benefits of using remote-sensing technology (Phantom 1 drone) such as its accuracy in the terrain, easy access to hardly accessible areas, and the possibility to collect data even during unfavourable weather conditions. The high mountainous environment provided us great conditions for testing the drone as a device for very easy and accurate mapping of natural phenomena.
Mohammad Hassan Sadeghravesh, Hassan Khosravi, and Soudeh Ghasemian
Solid Earth, 7, 673–683, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-673-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-673-2016, 2016
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Select appropriate strategies according to all effective criteria in combating desertification process can be so useful in controlling and rehabilitation of degraded lands, and avoid degradation in vulnerable fields. This study provides systematic and optimal strategies of combating desertification by group decision-making model. To this end, in the framework of Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) and by using Delphi model (Delphi), the preferences of indexes were obtained.
Guang Jie Luo, Shi Jie Wang, Xiao Yong Bai, Xiu Ming Liu, and An Yun Cheng
Solid Earth, 7, 457–468, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-457-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-457-2016, 2016
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For accurately reflecting the eco-hydrological process of the dual structure of the surface and subsurface, we propose a new method for the extraction of small watersheds in karst regions. In this study, we think that the minimum karst watershed has an exit at the corrosion–erosion datum, and the further karst sub-watershed division may cause an eco-hydrological fault. The watersheds delineated by our method accurately reflect the hydrological process in the Sancha River.
J. Rodrigo Comino, C. Brings, T. Lassu, T. Iserloh, J. M. Senciales, J. F. Martínez Murillo, J. D. Ruiz Sinoga, M. Seeger, and J. B. Ries
Solid Earth, 6, 823–837, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-823-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-823-2015, 2015
M. Arian and Z. Aram
Solid Earth, 5, 1277–1291, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1277-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1277-2014, 2014
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The Kermanshah area in the High Zagros, Iran (the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates) has been affected by four classes of tectonic variation. These regions were identified as very high, high, moderate and low relative tectonic activity by calculation and analysis of six geomorphic indices.
A. Gómez-Ortiz, M. Oliva, F. Salvador-Franch, M. Salvà-Catarineu, D. Palacios, J. J. de Sanjosé-Blasco, L. M. Tanarro-García, J. Galindo-Zaldívar, and C. Sanz de Galdeano
Solid Earth, 5, 979–993, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-979-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-979-2014, 2014
M. Oliva, G. Vieira, P. Pina, P. Pereira, M. Neves, and M. C. Freitas
Solid Earth, 5, 901–914, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-901-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-901-2014, 2014
R. Sutinen, I. Aro, P. Närhi, M. Piekkari, and M. Middleton
Solid Earth, 5, 683–691, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-683-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-683-2014, 2014
Y. Liu, F. Métivier, J. Gaillardet, B. Ye, P. Meunier, C. Narteau, E. Lajeunesse, T. Han, and L. Malverti
Solid Earth, 2, 283–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-283-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-283-2011, 2011
H. C. Ho
Solid Earth, 2, 155–158, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-155-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-155-2011, 2011
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