Articles | Volume 7, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1033-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1033-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Review article
| 
14 Jul 2016
Review article |
| 14 Jul 2016
sUAS and their application in observing geomorphological processes
Jozef Gallik
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Constantine the
Philosopher University, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
Lenka Bolešová
Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Constantine the
Philosopher University, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
Related subject area
Geomorphology
The Münsterdorf sinkhole cluster: void origin and mechanical failure
Effect of structural setting of source volume on rock avalanche mobility and deposit morphology
Deep oceanic submarine fieldwork with undergraduate students: an immersive experience with the Minerve software
Determining the Plio-Quaternary uplift of the southern French Massif Central; a new insight for intraplate orogen dynamics
Spatio-temporal dynamics of sediment transfer systems in landslide-prone Alpine catchments
Sinkholes and uvalas in evaporite karst: spatio-temporal development with links to base-level fall on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea
Distinct element geomechanical modelling of the formation of sinkhole clusters within large-scale karstic depressions
A semi-automated algorithm to quantify scarp morphology (SPARTA): application to normal faults in southern Malawi
Combined effects of grain size, flow volume and channel width on geophysical flow mobility: three-dimensional discrete element modeling of dry and dense flows of angular rock fragments
Stepwise drying of Lake Turkana at the end of the African Humid Period: a forced regression modulated by solar activity variations?
A geological model for the management of subsurface data in the urban environment of Barcelona and surrounding area
The impact of standard preparation practice on the runoff and soil erosion rates under laboratory conditions
Assessment of combating-desertification strategies using the linear assignment method
Delineating small karst watersheds based on digital elevation model and eco-hydrogeological principles
Rainfall and human activity impacts on soil losses and rill erosion in vineyards (Ruwer Valley, Germany)
Relative tectonic activity classification in the Kermanshah area, western Iran
Degradation of buried ice and permafrost in the Veleta cirque (Sierra Nevada, Spain) from 2006 to 2013 as a response to recent climate trends
Sedimentological characteristics of ice-wedge polygon terrain in Adventdalen (Svalbard) – environmental and climatic implications for the late Holocene
Maskevarri Ráhppát in Finnmark, northern Norway – is it an earthquake-induced landform complex?
Erosion rates deduced from seasonal mass balance along the upper Urumqi River in Tianshan
The role of karst in engineering and environmental geosciences
Optical method for measuring bed topography and flow depth in an experimental flume
Georg Kaufmann, Douchko Romanov, Ulrike Werban, and Thomas Vienken
Solid Earth, 14, 333–351, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-333-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-333-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We discuss collapse sinkholes occuring since 2004 on the sports field of Münsterdorf, a village north of Hamburg. The sinkholes, 2–5 m in size and about 3–5 m deep, develop in peri-glacial sand, with a likely origin in the Cretaceous chalk, present at about 20 m depth. The area has been analyzed with geophysical and direct-push-based methods, from which material properties of the subsurface have been derived. The properties have been used for mechanical models, predicting the subsidence.
Zhao Duan, Yan-Bin Wu, Qing Zhang, Zhen-Yan Li, Lin Yuan, Kai Wang, and Yang Liu
Solid Earth, 13, 1631–1647, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1631-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1631-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the mobility and sedimentary characteristics of rock avalanches influenced by initial discontinuity sets with experimental methods. In the experiments, we set different initial configurations of blocks. The results revealed that the mobility and surface structures of the mass flows differed significantly. In the mass deposits, the block orientations were affected by their initial configurations and the motion processes of the mass flows.
Marianne Métois, Jean-Emmanuel Martelat, Jérémy Billant, Muriel Andreani, Javier Escartín, Frédérique Leclerc, and the ICAP team
Solid Earth, 12, 2789–2802, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2789-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2789-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use the Minerve virtual reality software to bring undergraduate students to an unusual field trip at 1200 m below sea level in the Lesser Antilles area. This region is located above an active subduction zone responsible for intense volcanic and seismic activity. In particular, we focus on the Roseau submarine fault that ruptured during the Mw 6.3 Les Saintes earthquake and presented a fresh scarp that the students can analyze and map in VR. They compile their results in a GIS project.
Oswald Malcles, Philippe Vernant, Jean Chéry, Pierre Camps, Gaël Cazes, Jean-François Ritz, and David Fink
Solid Earth, 11, 241–258, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-241-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-241-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We aim to better understand the challenging areas that are the intraplate regions using one example: the southern French Massif Central and its numerous hundreds of meters deep valleys. We apply a multidisciplinary approach there using geomorphology, geochronology, and numerical modeling.
Our dating results show that the canyon incisions are part of the Plio-Quaternary evolution with incision rate of ~ 80 m Ma−1. We propose then that this incision is possible due to an active regional uplift.
François Clapuyt, Veerle Vanacker, Marcus Christl, Kristof Van Oost, and Fritz Schlunegger
Solid Earth, 10, 1489–1503, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1489-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1489-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using state-of-the-art geomorphic techniques, we quantified a 2-order of magnitude discrepancy between annual, decadal, and millennial sediment fluxes of a landslide-affected mountainous river catchment in the Swiss Alps. Our results illustrate that the impact of a single sediment pulse is strongly attenuated at larger spatial and temporal scales by sediment transport. The accumulation of multiple sediment pulses has rather a measurable impact on the regional pattern of sediment fluxes.
Robert A. Watson, Eoghan P. Holohan, Djamil Al-Halbouni, Leila Saberi, Ali Sawarieh, Damien Closson, Hussam Alrshdan, Najib Abou Karaki, Christian Siebert, Thomas R. Walter, and Torsten Dahm
Solid Earth, 10, 1451–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1451-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1451-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The fall of the Dead Sea level since the 1960s has provoked the formation of over 6000 sinkholes, a major hazard to local economy and infrastructure. In this context, we study the evolution of subsidence phenomena at three area scales at the Dead Sea’s eastern shore from 1967–2017. Our results yield the most detailed insights to date into the spatio-temporal development of sinkholes and larger depressions (uvalas) in an evaporite karst setting and emphasize a link to the falling Dead Sea level.
Djamil Al-Halbouni, Eoghan P. Holohan, Abbas Taheri, Robert A. Watson, Ulrich Polom, Martin P. J. Schöpfer, Sacha Emam, and Torsten Dahm
Solid Earth, 10, 1219–1241, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1219-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1219-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A 2-D numerical modelling approach to simulate the mechanical formation of sinkhole cluster inside large-scale karstic depressions is presented. Different multiple cavity growth scenarios at depth are compared regarding the mechanical process and collapse style. The outcomes of the models are compared to results from remote sensing and geophysics for an active sinkhole area in the Dead Sea region.
Michael Hodge, Juliet Biggs, Åke Fagereng, Austin Elliott, Hassan Mdala, and Felix Mphepo
Solid Earth, 10, 27–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-27-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-27-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This work attempts to create a semi-automated algorithm (called SPARTA) to calculate height, width and slope of surface breaks produced by earthquakes on faults. We developed the Python algorithm using synthetic catalogues, which can include noise features such as vegetation, hills and ditches, which mimic natural environments. We then apply the algorithm to four fault scarps in southern Malawi, at the southern end of the East African Rift system, to understand their earthquake potential.
Bruno Cagnoli and Antonio Piersanti
Solid Earth, 8, 177–188, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-177-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-177-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The purpose of our research is to understand the mechanisms that determine the mobility of granular flows of rock fragments. Since rock avalanches and pyroclastic flows are too dangerous to be studied at close range, we use numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. We focus on the fundamentals upon which new numerical models will be built to predict the behaviors of natural flows. These fundamentals include the effects of grain size, flow volume and channel width.
Alexis Nutz and Mathieu Schuster
Solid Earth, 7, 1609–1618, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1609-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1609-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
From the geomorphology of a palaeodelta complex of Lake Turkana (Kenya), we explore the end of the Holocene African Humid Period (AHP) that corresponded to a major change in climate of Africa and that had important environmental impacts. Here, we propose that the transition from a wet to a dry period at the end of the AHP is stepwise, discussing a potential control by short-term variations in solar activity. Understanding this climate event is crucial to facing future climate changes.
Enric Vázquez-Suñé, Miguel Ángel Marazuela, Violeta Velasco, Marc Diviu, Andrés Pérez-Estaún, and Joaquina Álvarez-Marrón
Solid Earth, 7, 1317–1329, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1317-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1317-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows the need for a symbiotic relationship between government and research groups for efficient management of geologic data in urban environments. Through its implementation, both the city administration and private companies benefit from the feedback of geologic knowledge acquired during this process, thereby substantially reducing the cost of construction projects and facilitating the development of aquifer management plans.
Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan, Vafa Homayounfar, and Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi
Solid Earth, 7, 1293–1302, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1293-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1293-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Different stages of soil removal, transfer, preparation and placement in laboratory plots cause significant changes in soil structure and, subsequently, the results of runoff, sediment concentration and soil loss. The increasing rates of runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss due to the study soil preparation method for laboratory soil erosion plots were 179, 183 and 1050 % (2.79, 2.83 and 11.50 times), respectively.
Mohammad Hassan Sadeghravesh, Hassan Khosravi, and Soudeh Ghasemian
Solid Earth, 7, 673–683, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-673-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-673-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Select appropriate strategies according to all effective criteria in combating desertification process can be so useful in controlling and rehabilitation of degraded lands, and avoid degradation in vulnerable fields. This study provides systematic and optimal strategies of combating desertification by group decision-making model. To this end, in the framework of Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) and by using Delphi model (Delphi), the preferences of indexes were obtained.
Guang Jie Luo, Shi Jie Wang, Xiao Yong Bai, Xiu Ming Liu, and An Yun Cheng
Solid Earth, 7, 457–468, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-457-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-457-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For accurately reflecting the eco-hydrological process of the dual structure of the surface and subsurface, we propose a new method for the extraction of small watersheds in karst regions. In this study, we think that the minimum karst watershed has an exit at the corrosion–erosion datum, and the further karst sub-watershed division may cause an eco-hydrological fault. The watersheds delineated by our method accurately reflect the hydrological process in the Sancha River.
J. Rodrigo Comino, C. Brings, T. Lassu, T. Iserloh, J. M. Senciales, J. F. Martínez Murillo, J. D. Ruiz Sinoga, M. Seeger, and J. B. Ries
Solid Earth, 6, 823–837, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-823-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-823-2015, 2015
M. Arian and Z. Aram
Solid Earth, 5, 1277–1291, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1277-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1277-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
The Kermanshah area in the High Zagros, Iran (the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates) has been affected by four classes of tectonic variation. These regions were identified as very high, high, moderate and low relative tectonic activity by calculation and analysis of six geomorphic indices.
A. Gómez-Ortiz, M. Oliva, F. Salvador-Franch, M. Salvà-Catarineu, D. Palacios, J. J. de Sanjosé-Blasco, L. M. Tanarro-García, J. Galindo-Zaldívar, and C. Sanz de Galdeano
Solid Earth, 5, 979–993, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-979-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-979-2014, 2014
M. Oliva, G. Vieira, P. Pina, P. Pereira, M. Neves, and M. C. Freitas
Solid Earth, 5, 901–914, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-901-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-901-2014, 2014
R. Sutinen, I. Aro, P. Närhi, M. Piekkari, and M. Middleton
Solid Earth, 5, 683–691, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-683-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-683-2014, 2014
Y. Liu, F. Métivier, J. Gaillardet, B. Ye, P. Meunier, C. Narteau, E. Lajeunesse, T. Han, and L. Malverti
Solid Earth, 2, 283–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-283-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-283-2011, 2011
H. C. Ho
Solid Earth, 2, 155–158, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-155-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-155-2011, 2011
A. Limare, M. Tal, M. D. Reitz, E. Lajeunesse, and F. Métivier
Solid Earth, 2, 143–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-143-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-143-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Anders, N., Masselnik, R., Keesstra, S., and Suomalainen, J.: High-Res Digital Surface Modeling using Fixed-Wing UAV-based Photogrammetry, Proceedings of Geomorphometry 2013, Nanjing, China, 16–20 October 2013.
Aucelli, P. P. C., Conforti, M., Della Seta, M., Del Monte, M., D'uva, L., Rosskopf, C. M., and Vergari, F.: Multi-temporal Digital Photogrammetric Analysis for Quantitative Assessment of Soil Erosion Rates in the Landola Catchment of the Upper Orcia Valley (Tuscany, Italy), Land Degrad. Dev., 27, 1075–1092, 2016.
Betts, H. D. and Derose, R. C.: Digital elevation models as a tool for monitoring and measuring gully erosion, J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geo., 1, 91–101, 1999.
Bird, S., Hogan, D., and Schwab, J.: Photogrammetric monitoring of small streams under a riparian forest 5 canopy, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 35, 952–970, 2010.
Bisantino T., Bingner R., Chouaib W., Gentile F., and Trisorio Liuzzi G.: Estimation of runoff, peak discharge and sediment load at the event scale in a medium-size mediterranean watershed using the annagnps model, Land Degrad. Dev., 26, 340–355, 2015.
Boike, J. and Yoshikawa, K.: Mapping of periglacial geomorphology using kite/balloon aerial photography, Permafrost Periglac., 14, 81–85, 2003.
Brasington, J. and Smart, R. M. A.: Close range digital photogrammetric analysis of experimental drainage basin evolution, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 28, 231–247, 2003.
Butler, J. B., Lane, S. N., and Chandler, J. H.: Characterization of the structure of river-bed gravels using two-dimensional fractal analysis, Math. Geol., 33, 301–330, 2001.
Cerdà, A.: The influence of geomorphological position and vegetation cover on the erosional and hydrological processes on a Mediterranean hillslope, Hydrol. Process., 12, 661–671, 1998.
Clarke, T. A. and Fryer, J. F.: The development of camera calibration methods and models, Photogramm. Rec., 16, 51–66, 1998.
Chandler, J.: Effective application of automated digital photogrammetry for geomorphological research, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 24, 51–63, 1999.
Chandler, J., Ashmore, P., Paola, C., Gooch, M., and Varkaris, F.: Monitoring river-channel change using terrestrial oblique digital imagery and automated digital photogrammetry, Ann. Am. Geogr., 92, 631–644, 2002.
Chandler, J. H., Fryer, J. G., and Jack, A.: Metric capabilities of low cost digital cameras for close range surface measurement, Photogramm. Rec., 20, 12–26, 2005.
De Mûelenaere, S., Frankl, A., Haile, M., Poesen, J., Deckers, J., Munro, N., Veraverbeke, S., and Nyssen, J.: Historical landscape photographs for calibration of Landstat land use/cover in the northern Ethiopian highlands, Land Degrad. Dev., 25, 319–335, 2014.
De Sy, V., Schoorl, J. M., Keesstra, S. D., Jones, K. E., and Claessens, L.: Landslide model performance in a high resolution small-scale landscape, Geomorphology, 190, 73–81, 2013.
D'oleire-Oltmanns, S., Marzolf, I., Peter, K. D., and Ries, J. B.: Unmanned Aeral Vehicle (UAV) for monitoring soil erosion in Morocco, Remote Sens., 4, 3390–3416, 2012.
Ferreira, C. S. S., Ferreira, A. J. D., Pato, R. L., Magalhăes, M. C., Coelho, C. O., and Santos, C.: Rainfall-runoff-erpsion relationships studz for different land uses, in a sub-urban area, Z. Geomorphol., 56, 5–20, 2012.
Fonstad, M. A. and Marcus, W. A.: High resolution, basin extent observations and implications for understanding river form and process, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 35, 680–698, 2010.
Fraser, C. S. and Cronk, S.: A hybrid measurement approach for close-range photogrammetry, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 64, 328–333, 2009.
Gallik, J. and Bolešová, L.: The use of quadrocopter DJI-phantom with GoPro camera for mapping in protected areas, in: Conference Proceedings – International Scientific Conference, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, 15–19 December 2014, 3630–3636, 2014.
Gelaw, A. M., Singh, B. R., and Lal, R.: Organic carbon and nitrogen associated with soil aggregates and particle sizes under different land uses in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, Land Degrad. Dev., 26, 690–700, 2015.
Gong, Z., Kawamura, K., Ishikawa, N., Goto, M., Wulan, T., Alateng, D., Yin, T., and Ito, Y.: MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation phenologz dznamics in the Inner Mongolia grassland, Solid Earth, 6, 1185–1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-1185-2015, 2015.
Hauet, A., Muste, M., and Ho, H. C.: Digital mapping of riverine waterway hydrodynamic and geomorphic features, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 34, 242–252, 2009.
Heng, B. C. P., Chandler, J. H., and Armstrong, A.: Applying close-range digital photogrammetry and soil erosion studies, Photogramm. Rec., 25, 240–265, 2010.
Henry, J.-B., Malet, J.-P., Maquaire, O., and Grussenmeyer, P.: The use of small-format and low-altitude aerial photos for the realization of high-resolution DEMs in mountainous areas: application to the Super-Sauze earthflow (Alpes-de-Haute- Provence, France), Earth Surf. Proc. Land., ISSN: 0197-9337, 27, 1339–1350, 2002.
Holleran, M., Levi, M., and Rasmussen, C.: Quantifying soil and critical zone variability in a forested catchment through digital soil mapping, SOIL, 1, 47–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-47-2015, 2015.
Hreško, J., Kanásová, D., Bugár, G., Petrovič, F., and Mačutek, J.: Morphodynamic effects on lacustrine deposits in the High Tatra Mts, Ekol. Bratislava, 31, 390–404, 2012.
Hugenholtz, C. H., Moorman, B. J., Kevin, R., and Whitehed, K.: Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Remote Sensing and Earth Science Research, EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 93, 236–237, 2012.
Hugenholtz, C. H., Whitehead, K., Brown, O. W., Barchyn, T. E., Moorman, B. J., Leclair, A., Riddell, K., and Hamilton, T.: Geomorphological mapping with a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS): Feature detection and accuracy assessment of a photogrammetricaly-derived digital terrain model, Geomorphology, 194, 16–24, 2013.
Islam, M. R., Miah, M. G., and Inoue, Y.: Analysis of land use and land cover changes in the coastal area of Bangladesh using Landstat imagery, Land Degrad. Dev., 27, 899–909, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2339, 2015.
Kaiser, A., Neugirg, F., Haas, F., Schmidt, J., Becht, M., and Schindewolf, M.: Determination of hydrological roughness by means of close range remote sensing, SOIL 1, 613–620, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-613-2015, 2015.
Keesstra, S. D., Bouma, J., Wallinga, J., Tittonell, P., Smith, P., Cerdà, A., Montanarella, L., Quinton, J. N., Pachepsky, Y., van der Putten, W. H., Bardgett, R. D., Moolenaar, S., Mol, G., Jansen, B., and Fresco, L. O.: The significance of soils and soil science towards realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, SOIL 2, 111–128. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-111-2016, 2016.
Keutterling, A. and Thomas, A.: Monitoring glacier elevation and volume changes with digital photogrammetry and GIS at Gepatschferner glacier, Austria, Int. J. Remote Sens., 27, 4371–4380, 2006.
Kiernan, K.: Nature, severity and persistence of geomorphological damage caused by armed conflict, Land Degrad. Dev., 26, 380–396, 2015.
Kohl, P. and Wich, S. A.: Dawn of drone ecology: low-cost autonomous aerial vehicles for conservation, Tropical Conservation Science, ISSN: 1940-0829, 5, 121–132, 2012.
Lane, S. N.: The measurement of river channel morphology using digital photogrammetry, Photogramm. Rec., 16, 93–957, 2000.
Lane, S. N.: Editorial: the generation of high quality topographic data for hydrology and geomorphology: new data sources, new applications and new problems, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 28, 229–230, 2003.
Lane, S. N., Chandler, J. H., and Porfiri, K.: Monitoring river channel and flume surfaces with digital photogrammetry, J. Hydraul. Eng., 12, 871–877, 2001.
Lejot, J., Delacourt, C., Piégay, H., Fournier, T., Trémélo, M.-L., and Allemand, P.: Very high spatial resolution imagery for channel bathymetry and topography from an unmanned mapping controlled platform, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 32, 1705–1725, 2007.
Marzolff, I. and Poesen, J.: The potential of 3-D gully monitoring with GIS using high-resolution aerial 5 photograhy and digital photogrammetry system, Geomorphology, 111, 48–60, 2009.
Matthews, N. A.: Aerial and Close-Range Photogrammetric Technology: Providing Resource Documentation, Interpretation, and Preservation, Technical Note 428, US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, National Operations Center, Denver, Colorado, 42 pp., 2008.
Mekonnen, M., Keesstra, S. D., Stroosnijder, L., Baartman, J. E. M., and Maroulis, J.: Soil Conservation Through Sediment Trapping: A Review, Land Degrad. Dev., 26, 544–556, 2015.
Miller, G.: Drone Wars, Science, 336, 842–843, 2012.
Minár, J., Barka, I., Jakál, J., Stankoviansky, M., Trizna, M., and Urbánek, J.: Geomorphological hazards in Slovakia, in: Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, XIL, PAN, Kraków, 61–78, 2006.
Mohawesh, Y., Taimeh, A., and Ziadat, F.: Effects of land use changes and soil conservation intervention on soil properties as indicators for land degradation under a Mediterranean climate, Solid Earth, 6, 857–868, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-857-2015, 2015.
Muñoz, A., Basanta, M., Díaz-Vizcaíno, E., Rezes, O., and Casal, M.: Land use changes effect on floristic composition, diversity and surface occupied by erica ciliaris and erica tetralix heathlands of NW Spain, Land Degrad. Dev., 25, 532–540, 2014.
Ndah, H. T., Schuler, J., Uthes, S., Zander, P., Triomphe, B., Mkomwa, S., and Corbeels, M.: Adoption Potential for Conservation Agriculture in Africa: A Newly Developed Assessment Approach (QAToCA) Applied in Kenya and Tanzania, Land Degrad. Dev., 26, 133–141, 2015.
Niethammer, U., Rothmund, S., James, M. R., Travelletti, J., and Joswig, M.: UAV-based remote sensing od landslides. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing Spatial Infoation Science, 38, 496–501, 2010.
Parras-Alcántara, L., Martín-Carrillo, M., and Lozano-García, B.: Impacts of land use change in soil carbon and nitrogen in a Mediterranean agricultural area (Southern Spain), Solid Earth, 4, 167–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-167-2013, 2013.
Poeppl, R. E., Keesstra, S. D., and Hein, T.: The geomorphic legacy of small dams – An Austrian study, 2015.
Remondino, F. and El-Hakim, S.: Image-based 3-D modelling: a review, Photogramm. Rec., 21115, 269–291, 2006.
Remondino F. and Fraser, C.: Digital Camera Calibration Methods: Considerations and Comparisons, in: Commmision V Symposium, Image Engineering and Vision Metrology, Dresden, Germany 25–27 September 2006, 266–272, 2006.
Saha, D. and Kukal, S. S.: Soil structural stability and water retention characteristics under different land uses of degraded lower Himalayas of North-West India, Land Degrad. Dev., 26, 263–271, 2015.
Shelef, O., Stavi, I., Zdruli, P., and Rachmilevitch, S.: Land use change, a case study from southern Italy: general implications for agricultural subsidy policies, Land Degrad. Dev., 27, 868–870, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2343, 2015.
Smith, M. J., Keesstra, S., and Rose, J.: Use of legacy data in geomorphological research, Geo. Resj., 6, 74–80, 2015.
Stefanik, K. V. Gassaway, J. C., Kochersberger, K., and Abbott, A. L.: UAV-based stereo vision for rapid aerial terrain mapping, GISci. Remote Sens., 48, 24–49, 2011.
Srinivasarao, C., Venkateswarlu, B., Lal, R., Singh, A. K., Kundu, S., Vittal, K. P. R., Patel, J. J., and Patel, M. M.: Long-term manuring and fertilizer effects on depletion of soil organic carbon stocks under pearl millet-cluster bean-castor rotation in Western India, Land Degrad. Dev., 25, 173–183, 2014.
Stojic, M., Chandler, J. H., Ashmore, P., and Luce, J.: The assessment of sediment transport rates by automated digital photogrammetry, Photogramm, Eng. Rem. S., 64, 387–395, 1998.
Tamminga, A., Hugenholtz, C., Eaton, B., and Lapointe, M.: Hyperspatial remote sensing of channel reach morphology and hydraulic fish habitat using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV): A first assessment in the context of river research and management, River Res. Appl., 31, 379–391, 2015.
Tarolli, P.: High-resolution topography for understanding Earth surface processes: Opportunities and challenges, Geomorphology, 216, 295–312, 2014.
Van Eck, C., Nunes, J., Vieira, D., Keesstra, S., and Keizer, J.: Physically-based modelling of the post-fire runoff response of a forest catchment in central Portugal: using field vs. remote sensing based estimates of vegetation recovery, Land Degrad. Dev., 27, 1535–1544, https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2507, 2016.
Wainstein, P., Moorman, B., and Whitehead, K.: Importance of glacier–permafrost interactions in the preservation of a proglacial icing: Fountain Glacier, Bylot Island, Canada, Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, edited by: Kane, D. L. and Hinkel, K. M., Fairbanks, Alaska, 29 June–3 July 2008, 1881–1886, 2008.
Westaway, R. M., Lane, S. N., and Hicks, D. M.: Remote survey of large scale braided, gravel-bed rivers using digital photogrammetry and image analysis, Int. J. Remote Sens., 24, 795–815, 2003.
Westobz, M. J., Brasington, J., Glasser, N. F., Hambrey, M. J., and Reynolds, J. M.: Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry: A low-cost, effective tool for geoscience applications, Geomorphology, 179, 300–314, 2012.
Whitehead, K., Moorman, B. J., and Hugenholtz, C. H.: Brief Communication: Low-cost, on-demand aerial photogrammetry for glaciological measurement, The Cryosphere, 7, 1879–1884, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1879-2013, 2013.
Wildemeersch J. C. J., Timmerman E., Mazijn B., Sabiou M., Ibro G., Garba M., and Cornelis W.: Assessing the Constraints to Adopt Water and Soil Conservation Techniques in Tillaberi, Niger, Land Degrad. Dev., 26, 491–501, 2015.
Zhang, F., Tiyip, T., Feng, Z. D., Kung, H.-T., Johnson, V. C., Ding, J. L., Tashpolat, N., Sawut, M., and Gui, D. W.: Spatiotemporal patterns of land use/cover changes over the past 20 years in the middle reaches of the Tarim river, Xinjiang, China, Land Degrad. Dev., 26, 284–299, 2015.
Zucca, C., Wu, W., Dessena, L., and Mulas, M.: Assessing the effectiveness of land restoration interventions in dry lands by multitemporal remote sensing – A case study in Ouled Dlim (Marrakech, Morocco), Land Degrad. Dev., 26, 80–91, 2015.
Short summary
Technology is moving ahead very fast, and so researchers have new possibilities for their research. We tried to demonstrate benefits of using remote-sensing technology (Phantom 1 drone) such as its accuracy in the terrain, easy access to hardly accessible areas, and the possibility to collect data even during unfavourable weather conditions. The high mountainous environment provided us great conditions for testing the drone as a device for very easy and accurate mapping of natural phenomena.
Technology is moving ahead very fast, and so researchers have new possibilities for their...
