Articles | Volume 12, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2087-2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2087-2021
Research article
 | 
14 Sep 2021
Research article |  | 14 Sep 2021

Coupled dynamics and evolution of primordial and recycled heterogeneity in Earth's lower mantle

Anna Johanna Pia Gülcher, Maxim Dionys Ballmer, and Paul James Tackley

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Latest update: 08 Aug 2025
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Short summary
The lower mantle extends from 660–2890 km depth, making up > 50 % of the Earth’s volume. Its composition and structure, however, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate several hypotheses with computer simulations of mantle convection that include different materials: recycled, dense rocks and ancient, strong rocks. We propose a new integrated style of mantle convection including piles, blobs, and streaks that agrees with various observations of the deep Earth.
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