Rocks are brought to great depths and back to the Earth's surface by the tectonic processes that shape mountain ranges. Tiny mineral inclusions can record how deep rocks went. Quartz, a common mineral inclusion, was put in the laboratory at conditions that mimic those encountered at depths to about 100 km. A laser-based spectroscopy (Raman) was calibrated to read pressure from quartz inclusions in rocks and to unravel their deep travel.

We studied bedrock fracturing at Åland Islands from bedrock outcrops, digital elevation models and geophysics using multiple scales of observation. Using the results we can compare properties of the fractures of different sizes to find similarities and differences; e.g. we found that glacial erosion has a probable effect on the study of larger bedrock structures. Furthermore, we collected data from 100 to 500 m long fractures, which have previously proved to be difficult to sample.

This work investigates the interaction between magma in the subsurface and the rocks and fluids that surround it. The study investigates how fluids containing hydrocarbons like methane are moving in the rocks surrounding the magma. We show that the generation of fractures in the cooling magma has a significant impact on the flow paths of the fluid and that some of the hydrocabons may be converted to graphite and stored in the fractures within the intrusions.