Articles | Volume 15, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-763-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-763-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 Jul 2024
Research article |
| 08 Jul 2024
| 08 Jul 2024
Impact of stress regime change on the permeability of a naturally fractured carbonate buildup (Latemar, the Dolomites, northern Italy)
Onyedika Anthony Igbokwe
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK
Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Department of Physics, Geology and Geophysics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, P.M.B. 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Jithender J. Timothy
Centre for Building Materials, Technical University of Munich, Franz-Langinger-Straße 10, 81245 Munich, Germany
Ashwani Kumar
Advance Manufacturing Lab, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
Xiao Yan
Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Institute for Structural Mechanics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Mathias Mueller
Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Alessandro Verdecchia
Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Günther Meschke
Institute for Structural Mechanics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Adrian Immenhauser
Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Fraunhofer IEG (Institution for Energy Infrastructures and Geothermal Systems), Am Hochschulkampus 1, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Michal Kruszewski, Alessandro Verdecchia, Oliver Heidbach, Rebecca M. Harrington, and David Healy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1889, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1889, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the evolution of fault reactivation potential in the greater Ruhr region (Germany) in respect to a future utilization of deep geothermal resources. We use analytical and numerical approaches to understand the initial stress conditions on faults as well as their evolution in space and time during geothermal fluid production. Using results from our analyses, we can localize areas more favorable for geothermal energy use based on fault reactivation potential.
Cinthya Esther Nava Fernandez, Tobias Braun, Bethany Fox, Adam Hartland, Ola Kwiecien, Chelsea Pederson, Sebastian Hoepker, Stefano Bernasconi, Madalina Jaggi, John Hellstrom, Fernando Gázquez, Amanda French, Norbert Marwan, Adrian Immenhauser, and Sebastian Franz Martin Breitenbach
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-172, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-172, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a ca. 1000 year long (6.4–5.4 ka BP) stalagmite-based reconstruction of mid-Holocene rainfall variability in the tropical western Pacific. The annually laminated multi-proxy (δ13C, δ18O, X/Ca, gray values) record comes from Niue island and informs on El Nino-Southern Oscillation and South Pacific Convergence Zone dynamics. Our data suggest that ENSO was active and influenced rainfall seasonality over the covered time interval. Rainfall seasonality was subdued during active ENSO phases
Cinthya Nava-Fernandez, Adam Hartland, Fernando Gázquez, Ola Kwiecien, Norbert Marwan, Bethany Fox, John Hellstrom, Andrew Pearson, Brittany Ward, Amanda French, David A. Hodell, Adrian Immenhauser, and Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3361–3380, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3361-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3361-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Speleothems are powerful archives of past climate for understanding modern local hydrology and its relation to regional circulation patterns. We use a 3-year monitoring dataset to test the sensitivity of Waipuna Cave to seasonal changes and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics. Drip water data suggest a fast response to rainfall events; its elemental composition reflects a seasonal cycle and ENSO variability. Waipuna Cave speleothems have a high potential for past ENSO reconstructions.
Alexander Hueter, Stefan Huck, Stéphane Bodin, Ulrich Heimhofer, Stefan Weyer, Klaus P. Jochum, and Adrian Immenhauser
Clim. Past, 15, 1327–1344, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1327-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1327-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this multi-proxy study we present and critically discuss the hypothesis that during the early Aptian, platform-top hypoxia temporarily established in some of the vast epeiric seas of the central Tethys and triggered significant changes in reefal ecosystems. Data shown here shed light on the driving mechanisms that control poorly understood faunal patterns during OAE 1a in the neritic realm and provide evidence on the intricate relation between basinal and platform-top water masses.
Jeremy McCormack, Finn Viehberg, Derya Akdemir, Adrian Immenhauser, and Ola Kwiecien
Biogeosciences, 16, 2095–2114, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2095-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2095-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We juxtapose changes in ostracod taxonomy, morphology (noding) and oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotopic composition for the last 150 kyr with independent low-resolution salinity proxies. We demonstrate that for Lake Van, salinity is the most important factor influencing the composition of the ostracod assemblage and the formation of nodes on the valves of limnocytherinae species. Ostracod δ18O shows a higher sensibility towards climatic and hydrological variations than the bulk isotopy.
Laura A. Casella, Erika Griesshaber, Xiaofei Yin, Andreas Ziegler, Vasileios Mavromatis, Dirk Müller, Ann-Christine Ritter, Dorothee Hippler, Elizabeth M. Harper, Martin Dietzel, Adrian Immenhauser, Bernd R. Schöne, Lucia Angiolini, and Wolfgang W. Schmahl
Biogeosciences, 14, 1461–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1461-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1461-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Mollusc shells record past environments. Fossil shell chemistry and microstructure change as metastable biogenic aragonite transforms to stable geogenic calcite. We simulated this alteration of Arctica islandica shells by hydrothermal treatments. Below 175 °C the shell aragonite survived for weeks. At 175 °C the replacement of the original material starts after 4 days and yields submillimetre-sized calcites preserving the macroscopic morphology as well as the original internal micromorphology.
Related subject area
Subject area: The evolving Earth surface | Editorial team: Stratigraphy, sedimentology, geomorphology, morphotectonics, and palaeontology | Discipline: Sedimentology
The influence of extraction of various solvents on chemical properties on Chang 7 shale, Ordos Basin, China
Application of the creeping flow restoration method to an analogue model
Deep vs. shallow – two contrasting theories? A tectonically activated Late Cretaceous deltaic system in the axial part of the Mid-Polish Trough: a case study from southeast Poland
Miocene high elevation in the Central Alps
What makes seep carbonates ignore self-sealing and grow vertically: the role of burrowing decapod crustaceans
Dawn and dusk of Late Cretaceous basin inversion in central Europe
Simulating permeability reduction by clay mineral nanopores in a tight sandstone by combining computer X-ray microtomography and focussed ion beam scanning electron microscopy imaging
Birth and closure of the Kallipetra Basin: Late Cretaceous reworking of the Jurassic Pelagonian–Axios/Vardar contact (northern Greece)
Sediment history mirrors Pleistocene aridification in the Gobi Desert (Ejina Basin, NW China)
Tectonic processes, variations in sediment flux, and eustatic sea level recorded by the 20 Myr old Burdigalian transgression in the Swiss Molasse basin
Miocene basement exhumation in the Central Alps recorded by detrital garnet geochemistry in foreland basin deposits
Can anaerobic oxidation of methane prevent seafloor gas escape in a warming climate?
Precipitation of dolomite from seawater on a Carnian coastal plain (Dolomites, northern Italy): evidence from carbonate petrography and Sr isotopes
The Ogooue Fan (offshore Gabon): a modern example of deep-sea fan on a complex slope profile
Formation of linear planform chimneys controlled by preferential hydrocarbon leakage and anisotropic stresses in faulted fine-grained sediments, offshore Angola
From oil field to geothermal reservoir: assessment for geothermal utilization of two regionally extensive Devonian carbonate aquifers in Alberta, Canada
Sedimentary mechanisms of a modern banded iron formation on Milos Island, Greece
Yan Cao, Zhijun Jin, Rukai Zhu, and Kouqi Liu
Solid Earth, 14, 1169–1179, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1169-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1169-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was performed on shale before and after solvent extraction. The extraction yield from shale with THF is higher than other solvents. The organic-C-normalized yield of a mature sample is higher than other samples. The aromaticity of organic matter increases, and the length of organic matter aliphatic chains does not vary monotonically with increasing maturity. The results will help in the selection of organic solvents for oil-washing experiments of shale.
Melchior Schuh-Senlis, Guillaume Caumon, and Paul Cupillard
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2039, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2039, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the application of a numerical method for restoring models of the subsurface to a previous state in their deformation history, acting as a numerical time machine for geological structures. The method is applied to a model based on a laboratory experiment. The results show that using more natural conditions in the computation of the deformation allows us to assess the value of some previously unknown physical parameters of the different materials inside the model.
Zbyszek Remin, Michał Cyglicki, and Mariusz Niechwedowicz
Solid Earth, 13, 681–703, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-681-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-681-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Traditionally, the axial part of the Polish Basin, i.e. the Mid-Polish Trough, was interpreted as the deepest and most subsiding part of the basin during the Cretaceous times. We interpret this area conversely, as representing a landmass – the Łysogóry–Dobrogea Land. Inversion-related tectonics, uplift on the one hand and enhanced subsidence on the other, drove the development of the Szozdy Delta within the axial part of the basin. New heavy mineral data suggest different burial histories.
Emilija Krsnik, Katharina Methner, Marion Campani, Svetlana Botsyun, Sebastian G. Mutz, Todd A. Ehlers, Oliver Kempf, Jens Fiebig, Fritz Schlunegger, and Andreas Mulch
Solid Earth, 12, 2615–2631, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2615-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present new surface elevation constraints for the middle Miocene Central Alps based on stable and clumped isotope geochemical analyses. Our reconstructed paleoelevation estimate is supported by isotope-enabled paleoclimate simulations and indicates that the Miocene Central Alps were characterized by a heterogeneous and spatially transient topography with high elevations locally exceeding 4000 m.
Jean-Philippe Blouet, Patrice Imbert, Sutieng Ho, Andreas Wetzel, and Anneleen Foubert
Solid Earth, 12, 2439–2466, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2439-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2439-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Biochemical reactions related to hydrocarbon seepage are known to induce carbonates in marine sediments. Seep carbonates may act as seals and force lateral deviations of rising hydrocarbons. However, crustacean burrows may act as efficient vertical fluid channels allowing hydrocarbons to pass through upward, thereby allowing the vertical growth of carbonate stacks over time. This mechanism may explain the origin of carbonate columns in marine sediments throughout hydrocarbon provinces worldwide.
Thomas Voigt, Jonas Kley, and Silke Voigt
Solid Earth, 12, 1443–1471, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1443-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1443-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Basin inversion in central Europe is believed to have started during Late Cretaceous (middle Turonian) and probably proceeded until the Paleogene. Data from different marginal troughs in central Europe point to an earlier start of basin inversion (in the Cenomanian). The end of inversion is overprinted by general uplift but had probably already occurred in the late Campanian to Maastrichtian. Both the start and end of inversion occurred with low rates of uplift and subsidence.
Arne Jacob, Markus Peltz, Sina Hale, Frieder Enzmann, Olga Moravcova, Laurence N. Warr, Georg Grathoff, Philipp Blum, and Michael Kersten
Solid Earth, 12, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we combined different imaging and experimental measuring methods for analysis of cross-scale effects which reduce permeability of tight reservoir rocks. Simulated permeability of digital images of rocks is often overestimated, which is caused by non-resolvable clay content within the pores of a rock. By combining FIB-SEM with micro-XCT imaging, we were able to simulate the true clay mineral abundance to match experimentally measured permeability with simulated permeability.
Lydia R. Bailey, Filippo L. Schenker, Maria Giuditta Fellin, Miriam Cobianchi, Thierry Adatte, and Vincenzo Picotti
Solid Earth, 11, 2463–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2463-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2463-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Kallipetra Basin, formed in the Late Cretaceous on the reworked Pelagonian–Axios–Vardar contact in the Hellenides, is described for the first time. We document how and when the basin evolved in response to tectonic forcings and basin inversion. Cenomanian extension and basin widening was followed by Turonian compression and basin inversion. Thrusting occurred earlier than previously reported in the literature, with a vergence to the NE, at odds with the regional SW vergence of the margin.
Georg Schwamborn, Kai Hartmann, Bernd Wünnemann, Wolfgang Rösler, Annette Wefer-Roehl, Jörg Pross, Marlen Schlöffel, Franziska Kobe, Pavel E. Tarasov, Melissa A. Berke, and Bernhard Diekmann
Solid Earth, 11, 1375–1398, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1375-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1375-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We use a sediment core from the Gobi Desert (Ejina Basin, NW China) to illustrate the landscape history of the area. During 2.5 million years a sediment package of 223 m thickness has been accumulated. Various sediment types document that the area turned from a playa environment (shallow water environment with multiple flooding events) to an alluvial–fluvial environment after the arrival of the Heihe in the area. The river has been diverted due to tectonics.
Philippos Garefalakis and Fritz Schlunegger
Solid Earth, 10, 2045–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-2045-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-2045-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The controls on the 20 Myr old Burdigalian transgression in the Swiss Molasse basin have been related to a reduction in sediment flux, a rise in global sea level, or tectonic processes in the adjacent Alps. Here, we readdress this problem and extract stratigraphic signals from the Upper Marine Molasse deposits in Switzerland. In conclusion, we consider rollback tectonics to be the main driving force controlling the transgression, which is related to a deepening and widening of the basin.
Laura Stutenbecker, Peter M. E. Tollan, Andrea Madella, and Pierre Lanari
Solid Earth, 10, 1581–1595, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Aar and Mont Blanc regions in the Alps are large granitoid massifs characterized by high topography. We analyse when these granitoids were first exhumed to the surface. We test this by tracking specific garnet grains, which are exclusively found in the granitoid massifs, in the sediments contained in the alpine foreland basin. This research ties in with ongoing debates on the timing and mechanisms of mountain building.
Christian Stranne, Matt O'Regan, Martin Jakobsson, Volker Brüchert, and Marcelo Ketzer
Solid Earth, 10, 1541–1554, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1541-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1541-2019, 2019
Maximilian Rieder, Wencke Wegner, Monika Horschinegg, Stefanie Klackl, Nereo Preto, Anna Breda, Susanne Gier, Urs Klötzli, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Gernot Arp, and Patrick Meister
Solid Earth, 10, 1243–1267, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1243-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1243-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The formation of dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), an abundant mineral in Earth's geological record, is still incompletely understood. We studied dolomites embedded in a 100 m thick succession of coastal alluvial clays of Triassic age in the southern Alps. Observation by light microscopy and Sr isotopes suggests that dolomites may spontaneously from concentrated evaporating seawater, in coastal ephemeral lakes or tidal flats along the western margin of the Triassic Tethys sea.
Salomé Mignard, Thierry Mulder, Philippe Martinez, and Thierry Garlan
Solid Earth, 10, 851–869, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-851-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-851-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A large quantity a continental material is transported to the oceans by the world rivers. Once in the ocean, these particles can be transported down the continental shelf thanks to underwater avalanches. The repetition of such massive events can form very important sedimentary deposits at the continent–ocean transition. Data obtained during an oceanic cruise in 2010 allowed us to study such a system located offshore of Gabon and to evaluate the importance sediment transport in this area.
Sutieng Ho, Martin Hovland, Jean-Philippe Blouet, Andreas Wetzel, Patrice Imbert, and Daniel Carruthers
Solid Earth, 9, 1437–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1437-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1437-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A newly discovered type of hydrocarbon leakage structure is investigated following the preliminary works of Ho (2013; et al. 2012, 2013, 2016): blade-shaped gas chimneys instead of classical cylindrical ones. These so-called
Linear Chimneysare hydraulic fractures caused by overpressured hydrocarbon fluids breaching cover sediments along preferential directions. These directions are dictated by anisotropic stresses induced by faulting in sediments and pre-existing salt-diapiric structures.
Leandra M. Weydt, Claus-Dieter J. Heldmann, Hans G. Machel, and Ingo Sass
Solid Earth, 9, 953–983, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-953-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-953-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the assessment of the geothermal potential of two extensive upper Devonian aquifer systems within the Alberta Basin (Canada). Our work provides a first database on geothermal rock properties combined with detailed facies analysis (outcrop and core samples), enabling the identification of preferred zones in the reservoir and thus allowing for a more reliable reservoir prediction. This approach forms the basis for upcoming reservoir studies with a focus on 3-D modelling.
Ernest Chi Fru, Stephanos Kilias, Magnus Ivarsson, Jayne E. Rattray, Katerina Gkika, Iain McDonald, Qian He, and Curt Broman
Solid Earth, 9, 573–598, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-573-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-573-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Banded iron formations (BIFs) are chemical sediments last seen in the marine sedimentary record ca. 600 million years ago. Here, we report on the formation mechanisms of a modern BIF analog in the Cape Vani sedimentary basin (CVSB) on Milos Island, Greece, demonstrating that rare environmental redox conditions, coupled to submarine hydrothermal activity and microbial processes, are required for these types of rocks to form in the modern marine biosphere.
Cited articles
Abbà, T., Breda, A., Massironi, M., Preto, N., Piccin, G., Trentini, T., Bondesan, A., Carton, A., Fontana, A., Mozzi, P., Surian, N., Zanoner, T., and Zampieri, D.: Pre-Alpine and Alpine deformation at San Pellegrino pass (Dolomites, Italy), J. Maps, 14, 683–691, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2018.1536001, 2018.
Agheshlui, H., Sedaghat, M. H., and Matthai, S.: Stress Influence on Fracture Aperture and Permeability of Fragmented Rocks, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 123, 3578–3592, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JB015365, 2018.
Agosta, F., Alessandroni, M., Antonellini, M., Tondi, E., and Giorgioni, M.: From fractures to flow: A field-based quantitative analysis of an outcropping carbonate reservoir, Tectonophysics, 490(, 197–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2010.05.005, 2010.
Bellieni, G., Fioretti, A. M., Marzoli, A., and Visonà, D.: Permo-Paleogene magmatism in the eastern Alps, Rendi. Linc., 21, 51–71, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-010-0095-z, 2010.
Berkowitz, B.: Characterizing flow and transport in fractured geological media: A review, Adv. Water Resour., 25, 861–884, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00042-8, 2002.
Bertotti, G., de Graaf, S., Bisdom, K., Oskam, B., Hubert, V., Bezerra, F., Reijmer, J., and Cazarin, C.: Fracturing and fluid‐flow during post‐rift subsidence in carbonates of the Jandaíra Formation, Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil, Basin Res., 29, 836–853, https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12246, 2017.
Bertotti, G., Audra, P., Auler, A., Bezerra, F., de Hoop, S., Pontes, C., Prabhakaran, R., and Lima, R.: The Morro Vermelho hypogenic karst system (Brazil): Stratigraphy, fractures, and flow in a carbonate strike-slip fault zone with implications for carbonate reservoirs, AAPG Bull., 104, 2029–2050, https://doi.org/10.1306/05212019150, 2020.
Bisdom, K., Bertotti, G., and Nick, H. M.: The impact of in-situ stress and outcrop-based fracture geometry on hydraulic aperture and upscaled permeability in fractured reservoirs, Tectonophysics, 690, 63–75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.04.006, 2016a.
Bisdom, K., Bertotti, G., and Nick, H. M.: The impact of different aperture distribution models and critical stress criteria on equivalent permeability in fractured rocks, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 121, 4045–4063, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012657, 2016b.
Bisdom, K., Bertotti, G., and Nick, H. M.: The impact of in-situ stress and outcrop-based fracture geometry on hydraulic aperture and upscaled permeability in fractured reservoirs, Tectonophysics, 690, 63–75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.04.006, 2016c.
Bisdom, K., Nick, H. M., and Bertotti, G.: An integrated workflow for stress and flow modelling using outcrop-derived discrete fracture networks, Comput. Geosci., 103, 21–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.02.019, 2017.
Boersma, Q., Prabhakaran, R., Bezerra, F. H., and Bertotti, G.: Linking natural fractures to karst cave development: A case study combining drone imagery, a natural cave network and numerical modelling, Petrol. Geosci., 25, 454–469, https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2018-151, 2019.
Bonnet, E., Bour, O., Odling, N. E., Davy, P., Main, I., Cowie, P., and Berkowitz, B.: Scaling of fracture systems in geological media, Rev. Geophys., 39, 347–383, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999RG000074, 2001.
Boro, H., Bertotti, G., and Hardebol, N. J.: Distributed fracturing affecting isolated carbonate platforms, the Latemar Platform Natural Laboratory (Dolomites, North Italy), Mar. Petrol. Geol., 40, 69–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.09.012, 2013.
Boro, H., Rosero, E., and Bertotti, G.: Fracture-network analysis of the Latemar Platform (northern Italy): integrating outcrop studies to constrain the hydraulic properties of fractures in reservoir models, Petrol. Geosci., 20, 79–92, https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2013-007, 2014.
Bosellini, A.: Progradation geometries of carbonate platforms: examples from the Triassic of the Dolomites, northern Italy, Sedimentology, 31, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb00720.x, 1984.
Bosellini, A., Gianolla, P., and Stefani, M.: Geology of the Dolomites, an introduction, Episodes, 26, 43, https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2003/v26i3/005, 2003.
Bott, M. H. P.: The mechanics of oblique slip faulting, Geol. Mag., 96, 109–117, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800059987, 1959.
Bourbiaux, B., Basquet, R., Cacas, M. C., Daniel, J. M., and Sarda, S.: An integrated workflow to account for multi-scale fractures in reservoir simulation models: Implementation and benefits, in: Soc. Petr. Eng., International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, 13–16 October 2002, Abu Dhabi, https://doi.org/10.2523/78489-ms, 2002.
Bourbiaux, B., Basquet, R., Daniel, J. M., Hu, L. Y., Jenni, S., Lange, G., and Rasolofosaon, P.: Fractured reservoirs modelling: a review of the challenges and some recent solutions, First Break, 23, 1365–2397, https://doi.org/10.3997/1365-2397.2005018, 2005.
Bruhn, C. H. L., Pinto, A. C. C., Johann, P. R. S., Branco, C. C. M., Salomão, M. C., and Freire, E.: Campos and Santos basins: 40 Years of reservoir characterization and management of shallow- to ultra-deep water, post- and pre-salt reservoirs – Historical overview and future challenges, OTC Brasil, 327–350, https://doi.org/10.4043/28159-ms, 2017.
Bruna, P. O., Lavenu, A. P. C., Matonti, C., and Bertotti, G.: Are stylolites fluid-flow efficient features?, J. Struct. Geol., 125, 270–277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.05.018, 2019.
Chen, H. and Lawrence, T.: Reservoir Stress Changes Induced by Production/Injection, in: SPE Rocky Mountain Petroleum Technology Conference, May 2001, Keystone, Colorado, https://doi.org/10.2118/71087-MS, 2001.
Christ, N., Immenhauser, A., Amour, F., Mutti, M., Preston, R., Whitaker, F. F., Peterhänsel, A., Egenhoff, S. O., Dunn, P. A., and Agar, S. M.: Triassic Latemar cycle tops – Subaerial exposure of platform carbonates under tropical arid climate, Sediment. Geol., 265–266, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.02.008, 2012.
Cottereau, N., Garcia, M. H., Gosselin, O. R., and Vigier, L.: Effective Fracture Network Permeability: Comparative Study of Calculation Methods, in: SPE Europec/Eage Annual Conference and Exhibition, June 2010, Barcelona, Spain, 1–31, https://doi.org/10.2118/131126-ms, 2010.
Dadvand, P., Rossi, R., Gil, M., Martorell, X., Cotela, J., Juanpere, E., Idelsohn, S., and Onate, E.: Migration of a generic multi-physics framework to HPC environments, Comput. Fluids, 80, 301–309, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2012.02.004, 2013.
de Dreuzy, J.-R., Davy, P., and Bour, O.: Hydraulic properties of two-dimensional random fracture networks following power law distributions of length and aperture, Water Resour. Res., 38, 121–129, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001009, 2002.
Delvaux, D. and Sperner, B.: New aspects of tectonic stress inversion with reference to the tensor program, Geol. Soc. Lond., 212, 75–100, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.212.01.06, 2003.
Doglioni, C.: Examples of strike-slip tectonics on platform-basin margins, Tectonophysics, 156, 293–302, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(88)90066-2, 1988.
Egenhoff, S. O., Peterhänsel, A., Bechstädt, T., Zühlke, R., and Grötsch, J.: Facies architecture of an isolated carbonate platform: Tracing the cycles of the Latemar (Middle Triassic, northern Italy), Sedimentology, 46, 893–912, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1999.00258.x, 1999.
Emmerich, A., Zamparelli, V., Bechstädt, T., and Zühlke, R.: The reefal margin and slope of a Middle Triassic carbonate platform: The Latemar (Dolomites, Italy), Facies, 50, 573–614, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-004-0033-6, 2005.
Furtado, C. P. Q., Medeiros, W. E., Borges, S. V., Lopes, J. A. G., Bezerra, F. H. R., Lima-Filho, F. P., Maia, R. P., Bertotti, G., Auler, A. S., and Teixeira, W. L. E.: The influence of subseismic-scale fracture interconnectivity on fluid flow in fracture corridors of the Brejões carbonate karst system, Brazil, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 141, 105689, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2022.105689, 2022.
Gaetani, M., Fois, E., Jadoul, F., and Nicora, A. L. D. A.: Nature and evolution of middle triassic carbonate buildups in the dolomites (Italy), Mar. Geol., 44, 25–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90112-2, 1981.
Gale, J. F. W., Lander, R. H., Reed, R. M., and Laubach, S. E.: Modeling fracture porosity evolution in dolostone, J. Strut. Geol., 32, 1201–1211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2009.04.018, 2010.
Garland, J., Neilson, J., Laubach, S. E., and Whidden, K. J.: Advances in carbonate exploration and reservoir analysis, Geol. Soc. Lon. Spec. Publ., 370, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.15, 2012.
Geiger, S. and Matthäi, S.: What can we learn from high-resolution numerical simulations of single- and multi-phase fluid flow in fractured outcrop analogues?, Geol. Soc. Lon. Spec. Publ., 374, 125–144, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP374.8, 2014.
Goldhammer, R. and Harris, M.: Eustatic controls on the stratigraphy and geometry of the Latemar buildup (Middle Triassic), the Dolomites of northern Italy, SEPM Soc. Sediment. Geol., https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.89.44.0323, 1989.
Goldhammer, R. K., Dunn, P. A., and Hardie, L. A.: Depositional cycles, composite sea-level changes, cycle stacking patterns, and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing: Examples from Alpine Triassic platform carbonates, Bull. Geol. Soc., 102, 535–562, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0535:DCCSLC>2.3.CO;2, 1990.
Hardebol, N. J., Maier, C., Nick, H., Geiger, S., Bertotti, G., and Boro, H.: Multiscale fracture network characterization and impact on flow: A case study on the Latemar carbonate platform, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 120, 8197–8222, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012608, 2015.
Harris, M. T.: The foreslope and toe-of-slope facies of the Middle Triassic Latemar Buildup (Dolomites, Northern Italy), Sediment. Res., 132–145, 1994.
Heffer, K. J. and Koutsabeloulis, N. C.: Stress effects on reservoir flow: Numerical modelling used to reproduce field data, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 84, 81–88, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.09, 1995.
Heidbach, O., Rajabi, M., Cui, X., Fuchs, K., Müller, B., Reinecker, J., Reiter, K., Tingay, Wenzel, F., Xie, F., Ziegler, M., and Zoback, M.: The World Stress Map database release 2016: Crustal stress pattern across scales, Tectonophysics, 744, 484–498, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.07.007, 2018.
Hooker, J. N., Laubach, S. E., and Marrett, R.: Fracture-aperture sizedfrequency, spatial distribution, and growth processes in strata-bounded and non-strata-bounded fractures, cambrian mesón group, NW argentina, J. Strut. Geol., 54, 54–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2013.06.011, 2013.
Hooker, J. N., Laubach, S. E., and Marrett, R.: A universal power-law scaling exponent for fracture apertures in sandstones, GSA Bull., 126, 1340–1362, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30945.1, 2014.
Hoteit, H. and Firoozabadi, A.: Compositional modeling by the combined discontinuous galerkin and mixed methods, SPE J., 11, 19–34, https://doi.org/10.2118/90276-PA, 2006.
Igbokwe, O. A., Mueller, M., Abah, O., Bertotti, G., and Immenhauser, A.: Morphological changes of carbonate deformed clasts in a neogene fault zone, in: 3rd EAGE Workshop on Naturally Fractured Reservoirs, February 2018, https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201800040, 2018.
Igbokwe, O. A., Mueller, M., Bertotti, G., Timothy, J. J., Abah, O., and Immenhauser, A.: Morphology and topology of dolostone lithons in the regional Carboneras Fault Zone, Southern Spain, J. Strut. Geol., 137, 104073, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104073, 2020.
Igbokwe, O. A., Bertotti, G., Mueller, M., Chima, K. I., and Immenhauser, A. Geometries, Driving Factors, And Connectivity Of Background Fractures At The Latemar Carbonate Platform (N. Italy): Relevance For Subsurface Reservoir Modelling, ESS Open Archive, https://doi.org/10.1002/ESSOAR.10511547.1, 2022.
Igbokwe, O. A., Verdecchia, A., Timothy, J. J., and Kumar, A.: Impact of stress regime change on the permeability of a naturally fractured carbonate buildup (Latemar, the Dolomites, northern Italy)_DATASET, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606859, 2024.
Jacquemyn, C., El Desouky, H., Hunt, D., Casini, G., and Swennen, R.: Dolomitization of the Latemar platform: Fluid flow and dolomite evolution, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 55, 43–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.01.017, 2014.
Jacquemyn, C., Huysmans, M., Hunt, D., Casini, G., and Swennen, R.: Multi-scale three-dimensional distribution of fracture-and igneous intrusion-controlled hydrothermal dolomite from digital outcrop model, Latemar platform, Dolomites, northern Italy, AAPG Bull., 99, 957–984, https://doi.org/10.1306/10231414089, 2015.
Jonoud, S. and Jackson, M. D.: New criteria for the validity of steady-state upscaling, Trans. Porous Med., 71, 53–73, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-007-9111-x, 2008.
Kaven, J. O., Maerten, F., and Pollard, D.: Mechanical analysis of fault slip data: Implications for paleostress analysis, J. Strut. Geol., 33, 78–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.12.004, 2011.
Khodaei, M., Biniaz Delijani, E., Dehghan, A. N., Hajipour, M., and Karroubi, K.: Stress/strain variability in fractured media: a fracture geometric study, Geotech. Geol. Eng., 39, 5339–5358, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01838-4, 2021.
Laubach, S. E.: Practical approaches to identifying sealed and open fractures, AAPG Bull., 87, 561–579, https://doi.org/10.1306/11060201106, 2003.
Lei, Q., Latham, J. P., Xiang, J., Tsang, C. F., Lang, P., and Guo, L.: Effects of geomechanical changes on the validity of a discrete fracture network representation of a realistic two-dimensional fractured rock, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 70, 507–523, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.06.001, 2014.
Lei, Q., Latham, J. P., Xiang, J., and Tsang, C. F.: Polyaxial stress-induced variable aperture model for persistent 3D fracture networks, Geomech. Energ. Environ., 1, 34–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2015.03.003, 2015.
Lei, Q., Latham, J. P., and Tsang, C. F.: The use of discrete fracture networks for modelling coupled geomechanical and hydrological behaviour of fractured rocks, Comput. Geotech., 85, 151–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.12.024, 2017.
Leonhart, D., Timothy, J. J., and Meschke, G.: Cascade Continuum Micromechanics model for the effective permeability of solids with distributed microcracks: Comparison with numerical homogenization, Mech. Mater., 115, 64–75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2017.09.001, 2017.
Makedonska, N., Hyman, J. D., Karra, S., Painter, S. L., Gable, C. W., and Viswanathan, H. S.: Evaluating the effect of internal aperture variability on transport in kilometer scale discrete fracture networks, Adv. Water Resour., 94, 486–497, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.06.010, 2016.
Marangon, A., Gattolin, G., Della Porta, G., and Preto, N.: The Latemar: A flat-topped, steep fronted platform dominated by microbialites and synsedimentary cements, Sediment. Geol., 240, 97–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.09.001, 2011.
Matthäi, S. K.: Fluid flow and (reactive) transport in fractured and faulted rock, J. Geochem. Explor., 78–79, 179–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00094-3, 2003.
Matthäi, S. K. and Belayneh, M.: Fluid flow partitioning between fractures and a permeable rock matrix, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019027, 2004.
Matthäi, S. K. and Nick, H. M.: Upscaling two-phase flow in naturally fractured reservoirs, AAPG Bull., 93, 1621–1632, https://doi.org/10.1306/08030909085, 2009.
McNamara, D. D., Massiot, C., Lewis, B., and Wallis, I. C.: Heterogeneity of structure and stress in the Rotokawa Geothermal Field, New Zealand, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 120, 3782–3803, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011480, 2015.
Min, K.-B., Rutqvist, J., Tsang, C. F., and Jing, L.: Stress-dependent permeability of fractured rock masses: A numerical study, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 41, 1191–1210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.05.005, 2004.
Mueller, M., Jacquemyn, C., Walter, B. F., Pederson, C. L., Schurr, S. L., Igbokwe, O. A., Jöns, N., Riechelmann, S., Dietzel, M., Strauss, H., and Immenhauser, A.: Constraints on the preservation of proxy data in carbonate archives – lessons from a marine limestone to marble transect, Latemar, Italy, Sedimentology, 69, 423–460, https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12939, 2022.
Narr, W., Schechter, D. S., and Thompson, L. B.: Naturally Fractured Reservoir Characterization, SPE, 2nd Edn., Soc. Pet. Engr., 112 pp., ISBN 978-1-61399-961-52006, 2006.
Oliver, J., Huespe, A., and Cante, J.: An implicit/explicit integration scheme to increase computability of non-linear material and contact/friction problems, Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 197, 21–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2007.11.027, 2008.
Olson, J. E.: Sublinear scaling of fracture aperture versus length: An exception or the rule?, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 108, 2413, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000419, 2003.
Olson, J. E.: Fracture aperture, length and pattern geometry development under biaxial: A numerical study with applications to natural, cross-jointed systems, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 289, 123–142, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP289.8, 2007.
Pascal, C. and Cloetingh, S.: Gravitational potential stresses and stress field of passive continental margins: Insights from the south-Norway shelf, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 277, 464–473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.11.014, 2009.
Peacock, D. C. P.: A review of Alpine deformation and stresses in southern England, Boll. Del. Soc. Geol. Ita., 128, 307–316, https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2009.128.2.307, 2009.
Pierdominic, S. and Heidbach, O.: Stress field of Italy – Mean stress orientation at different depths and wave-length of stress pattern, Tectonophysics, 482, 139–149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.02.018, 2012.
Preto, N., Franceschi, M., Gattolin, G., Massironi, M., Riva, A., Gramigna, P., Bertoldi, L., and Nardon, S.: The Latemar: A Middle Triassic polygonal fault-block platform controlled by synsedimentary tectonics, Sediment. Geol., 234, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2010.10.010, 2011.
Ren, F., Ma, G., and Wang, Y.: Unified pipe network method for simulation of water flow in fractured porous rock, J. Hydrol., 547, 80–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.01.044, 2017.
Rotevatn, A., Buckley, S. J., Howell, J. A., and Fossen, H.: Overlapping faults and their effect on fluid flow in different reservoir types: A LIDAR-based outcrop modeling and flow simulation study, AAPG Bull., 93, 407–427, https://doi.org/10.1306/09300807092, 2009.
Scholz, C. H.: A note on the scaling relations for opening mode fractures in rock, J. Strut. Geol., 32, 1485–1487, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.09.007, 2010.
Stephansson, O., Ljunggren, C., and Jing, L.: Stress measurements and tectonic implications for Fennoscandia, Tectonophysics, 189, 317–322, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90504-L, 1991.
Timothy, J. J. and Meschke, G.: Cascade Lattice Micromechanics Model for the Effective Permeability of Materials with Microcracks, J. Nanomech. Micromech., 6, 04016009, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)nm.2153-5477.0000113, 2016.
Wei, K. and De Bremaecker, J.: Fracture growth – I. Formulation and implementations, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 735–745, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb06832.x, 1995.
Whitaker, F. F., Felce, G. P., Benson, G. S., Amour, F., Mutti, M., and Smart, P. L.: Simulating flow through forward sediment model stratigraphies: Insights into climatic control of reservoir quality in isolated carbonate platforms, Petrol. Geosci., 20, 27–40, https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2013-026, 2014.
Wilson, C. E., Aydin, A., Durlofsky, L. J., Sagy, A., Emily, E., Kreylos, O., and Kellogg, L. H.: From outcrop to flow simulation: Constructing discrete fracture models from a LIDAR survey, AAPG Bull., 11, 1883–1905, https://doi.org/10.1306/03241108148, 2011.
Yale, D. P.: Fault and stress magnitude controls on variations in the orientation of in situ stress, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 209, 55–64, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.209.01.06, 2003.
Yan, X. and Yu, H.: Numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing with consideration of the pore pressure distribution based on the unified pipe-interface element model, Eng. Fract. Mech., 275, 108836, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2022.108836, 2022.
Yan, X., Sun, Z., and Li, S.: Evaluation of Effectiveness of CO2 Sequestration Using Portland Cement in Geological Reservoir Based on Unified Pipe-network Method, Energies, 13, 387, https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020387, 2020.
Yan, X., Sun, Z., and Dong, Q.: The unified pipe-interface element method for simulating the coupled hydro-mechanical grouting process in fractured rock with fracture propagation, Eng. Frac. Mech., 256, 107993, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2021.107993, 2021.
Zhang, X. and Sanderson, D. J.: Effects of stress on the two-dimensional permeability tensor of natural fracture networks, Geophys. J. Int., 125, 912–924, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb06034.x, 1996.
Zoback, M. D.: Reservoir Geomechanics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 449 pp., ISBN 0521146194, ISBN 9780521146197, 2007.
Short summary
We present a workflow that models the impact of stress regime change on the permeability of fractured Latemar carbonate buildup using a displacement-based linear elastic finite-element method (FEM) and outcrop data. Stress-dependent heterogeneous apertures and effective permeability were calculated and constrained by the study area's stress directions. Simulated far-field stresses at NW–SE subsidence deformation and N–S Alpine deformation increased the overall fracture aperture and permeability.
We present a workflow that models the impact of stress regime change on the permeability of...
