This study makes use of advanced seismic exploration techniques to look at the subsurface of South Africa's Kheis region. The results reveal hidden faults and folded rocks that help explain how ancient continents collided. The findings challenge older ideas about major geological boundaries and suggest a new model for how the crust formed and evolved. This work shows how old data, when re-analyzed with new methods and integrated with supporting data, can disclose important geological qualities.

Near-surface imaging plays a crucial role in mine development, safety, efficiency, and environmental risk mitigation. Challenges in deep mining often stem from complex geological conditions and anthropogenic factors, such as undocumented historical mining activities. This study presents an integrated geophysical approach that combines multiple geophysical techniques to characterize the near-surface environment and delineate potential water conduits in a deep mining context.

High-resolution 3D reflection seismic data from the Orange Basin, South Africa, are used to provide an in-depth examination of features within the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic sedimentary successions. The study provides insight into the structural styles between the translational and compressional domains of a Late Cretaceous deep-water fold-and-thrust belt (DWFTB) system, together with the tectonic and oceanographic processes responsible for mass-scale erosion in the Cenozoic.