Articles | Volume 15, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-353-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-353-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Investigating rough single-fracture permeabilities with persistent homology
Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Anna Suzuki
Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
Togo Hasumi
Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
Philipp Blum
Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Haegyeong Lee, Manuel Gossler, Kai Zosseder, Philipp Blum, Peter Bayer, and Gabriel C. Rau
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1949, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1949, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A systematic laboratory experiment elucidates two-phase heat transport due to water flow in saturated porous media to understand thermal propagation in aquifers. Results reveal delayed thermal arrival in the solid phase, depending on grain size and flow velocity. Analytical modeling using standard local thermal equilibrium (LTE) and advanced local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) theory fails to describe temperature breakthrough curves, highlighting the need for more advanced numerical approaches.
Fabien Koch, Philipp Blum, Heide Stein, Andreas Fuchs, Hans Jürgen Hahn, and Kathrin Menberg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-29, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-29, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we identify shifts in groundwater fauna due to natural or human impacts over two decades. We find no overall temporal and large-scale trends for fauna and abiotic parameters. However, at a local level, six monitoring wells show shifting or fluctuating faunal parameters. Our findings indicate that changes in surface conditions should be assessed in line with hydro-chemical parameters to better understand changes in groundwater fauna and to obtain reliable biomonitoring results.
Jose M. Bastias Espejo, Chris Turnadge, Russell S. Crosbie, Philipp Blum, and Gabriel C. Rau
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3447–3462, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3447-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Analytical models estimate subsurface properties from subsurface–tidal load interactions. However, they have limited accuracy in representing subsurface physics and parameter estimation. We derived a new analytical solution which models flow to wells due to atmospheric tides. We applied it to field data and compared our findings with subsurface knowledge. Our results enhance understanding of subsurface systems, providing valuable information on their behavior.
Ruben Stemmle, Haegyeong Lee, Philipp Blum, and Kathrin Menberg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-62, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-62, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Using 3D numerical heat transpot models, this study quantifies the potential of low-temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) in an urban setting in Southwest Germany. Comparing the determined potential with existing heating and cooling demands shows substantial heating and cooling supply rates that could be achieved by a widespread application of ATES systems. The study also highlights possible greenhouse gas emission savings compared to conventional heating and cooling technologies.
José M. Bastías Espejo, Andy Wilkins, Gabriel C. Rau, and Philipp Blum
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6257–6272, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6257-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6257-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The hydraulic and mechanical properties of the subsurface are inherently heterogeneous. RHEA is a simulator that can perform couple hydro-geomechanical processes in heterogeneous porous media with steep gradients. RHEA is able to fully integrate spatial heterogeneity, allowing allocation of distributed hydraulic and geomechanical properties at mesh element level. RHEA is a valuable tool that can simulate problems considering realistic heterogeneity inherent to geologic formations.
Sina Hale, Xavier Ries, David Jaeggi, and Philipp Blum
Solid Earth, 12, 1581–1600, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1581-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1581-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The construction of tunnels leads to substantial alterations of the surrounding rock, which can be critical concerning safety aspects. We use different mobile methods to assess the hydromechanical properties of an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) in a claystone. We show that long-term exposure and dehydration preserve a notable fracture permeability and significantly increase strength and stiffness. The methods are suitable for on-site monitoring without any further disturbance of the rock.
Fabien Koch, Kathrin Menberg, Svenja Schweikert, Cornelia Spengler, Hans Jürgen Hahn, and Philipp Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3053–3070, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3053-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3053-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we address the question of whether groundwater fauna in an urban area is natural or affected in comparison to forested land. We find noticeable differences in the spatial distribution of groundwater species and abiotic parameters. An ecological assessment reveals that conditions in the urban area are mainly not good. Yet, there is no clear spatial pattern in terms of land use and anthropogenic impacts. These are significant findings for conservation and usage of urban groundwater.
Arne Jacob, Markus Peltz, Sina Hale, Frieder Enzmann, Olga Moravcova, Laurence N. Warr, Georg Grathoff, Philipp Blum, and Michael Kersten
Solid Earth, 12, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we combined different imaging and experimental measuring methods for analysis of cross-scale effects which reduce permeability of tight reservoir rocks. Simulated permeability of digital images of rocks is often overestimated, which is caused by non-resolvable clay content within the pores of a rock. By combining FIB-SEM with micro-XCT imaging, we were able to simulate the true clay mineral abundance to match experimentally measured permeability with simulated permeability.
Gabriel C. Rau, Mark O. Cuthbert, R. Ian Acworth, and Philipp Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 6033–6046, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6033-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6033-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work provides an important generalisation of a previously developed method that quantifies subsurface barometric efficiency using the groundwater level response to Earth and atmospheric tides. The new approach additionally allows the quantification of hydraulic conductivity and specific storage. This enables improved and rapid assessment of subsurface processes and properties using standard pressure measurements.
Chaojie Cheng, Sina Hale, Harald Milsch, and Philipp Blum
Solid Earth, 11, 2411–2423, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2411-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2411-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Fluids (like water or gases) within the Earth's crust often flow and interact with rock through fractures. The efficiency with which these fluids may flow through this void space is controlled by the width of the fracture(s). In this study, three different physical methods to measure fracture width were applied and compared and their predictive accuracy was evaluated. As a result, the mobile methods tested may well be applied in the field if a number of limitations and requirements are observed.
Gabriel C. Rau, Vincent E. A. Post, Margaret Shanafield, Torsten Krekeler, Eddie W. Banks, and Philipp Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3603–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3603-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3603-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The flow of water is often inferred from water levels and gradients whose measurements are considered trivial despite the many steps and complexity of the instruments involved. We systematically review the four measurement steps required and summarise the systematic errors. To determine the accuracy with which flow can be resolved, we quantify and propagate the random errors. Our results illustrate the limitations of current practice and provide concise recommendations to improve data quality.
Susanne A. Benz, Peter Bayer, Gerfried Winkler, and Philipp Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3143–3154, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3143-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3143-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges modern society faces. Increasing temperatures are observed both above ground and, as discussed here, in the groundwater – the source of most drinking water. Within Austria average temperature increased by 0.7 °C over the past 20 years, with an increase of more than 3 °C in some wells and temperature decrease in others. However, these extreme changes can be linked to local events such as the construction of a new drinking water supply.
Daniel Schweizer, Philipp Blum, and Christoph Butscher
Solid Earth, 8, 515–530, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-515-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-515-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Any 3-D geological model is subject to uncertainty. We applied the concept of information entropy in order to visualize and quantify changes in uncertainty between geological models based on different types of geological input data. Furthermore, we propose two measures, the city-block and the Jaccard distance, to directly compare dissimilarities between models. The presented approach helps to locate areas of uncertainty within the model domain and quantify model improvements due to added data.
Tobias Kling, Da Huo, Jens-Oliver Schwarz, Frieder Enzmann, Sally Benson, and Philipp Blum
Solid Earth, 7, 1109–1124, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1109-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1109-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A method is introduced to implement medical CT data of a fractured sandstone under varying confining pressures into fluid flow simulations to reproduce experimental permeabilities. The simulation results reproduce plausible fracture flow features (e.g. flow channeling, fracture closing/opening) and approximate the actual permeabilities, which are affected by the CT resolution and compositional matrix heterogeneities. Additionally, some recommendations are presented concerning future studies.
M. Huebsch, F. Grimmeisen, M. Zemann, O. Fenton, K. G. Richards, P. Jordan, A. Sawarieh, P. Blum, and N. Goldscheider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1589–1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1589-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1589-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Two different in situ spectrophotometers, which were used in the field to determine highly time resolved nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations at two distinct spring discharge sites, are compared: a double and a multiple wavelength spectrophotometer. The objective of the study was to review the hardware options, determine ease of calibration, accuracy, influence of additional substances and to assess positive and negative aspects of the two sensors as well as troubleshooting and trade-offs.
K. Menberg, P. Blum, B. L. Kurylyk, and P. Bayer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4453–4466, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4453-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4453-2014, 2014
M. Huebsch, O. Fenton, B. Horan, D. Hennessy, K. G. Richards, P. Jordan, N. Goldscheider, C. Butscher, and P. Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4423–4435, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4423-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4423-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject area: Tectonic plate interactions, magma genesis, and lithosphere deformation at all scales | Editorial team: Structural geology and tectonics, paleoseismology, rock physics, experimental deformation | Discipline: Mineral and rock physics
Using internal standards in time-resolved X-ray micro-computed tomography to quantify grain-scale developments in solid-state mineral reactions
Development of multi-field rock resistivity test system for THMC
Raman spectroscopy in thrust-stacked carbonates: an investigation of spectral parameters with implications for temperature calculations in strained samples
Failure mode transition in Opalinus Clay: a hydro-mechanical and microstructural perspective
Thermal equation of state of the main minerals of eclogite: Constraining the density evolution of eclogite during the delamination process in Tibet
Creep of CarbFix basalt: influence of rock–fluid interaction
Micromechanisms leading to shear failure of Opalinus Clay in a triaxial test: a high-resolution BIB–SEM study
Elastic anisotropies of rocks in a subduction and exhumation setting
Mechanical and hydraulic properties of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) in the Opalinus Clay of the Mont Terri rock laboratory, Switzerland
The competition between fracture nucleation, propagation, and coalescence in dry and water-saturated crystalline rock
Effect of normal stress on the frictional behavior of brucite: application to slow earthquakes at the subduction plate interface in the mantle wedge
Measuring hydraulic fracture apertures: a comparison of methods
Extracting microphysical fault friction parameters from laboratory and field injection experiments
The physics of fault friction: insights from experiments on simulated gouges at low shearing velocities
Frictional slip weakening and shear-enhanced crystallinity in simulated coal fault gouges at slow slip rates
The hydraulic efficiency of single fractures: correcting the cubic law parameterization for self-affine surface roughness and fracture closure
Magnetic properties of pseudotachylytes from western Jämtland, central Swedish Caledonides
The variation and visualisation of elastic anisotropy in rock-forming minerals
Deformation mechanisms in mafic amphibolites and granulites: record from the Semail metamorphic sole during subduction infancy
Uniaxial compression of calcite single crystals at room temperature: insights into twinning activation and development
Roberto Emanuele Rizzo, Damien Freitas, James Gilgannon, Sohan Seth, Ian B. Butler, Gina Elizabeth McGill, and Florian Fusseis
Solid Earth, 15, 493–512, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here we introduce a new approach for analysing time-resolved 3D X-ray images tracking mineral changes in rocks. Using deep learning, we accurately identify and quantify the evolution of mineral components during reactions. The method demonstrates high precision in quantifying a metamorphic reaction, enabling accurate calculation of mineral growth rates and porosity changes. This showcases artificial intelligence's potential to enhance our understanding of Earth science processes.
Jianwei Ren, Lei Song, Qirui Wang, Haipeng Li, Junqi Fan, Jianhua Yue, and Honglei Shen
Solid Earth, 14, 261–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-261-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-261-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A THMC multi-field rock resistivity test system is developed, which has the functions of rock triaxial and resistivity testing under the conditions of high and low temperature, high pressure, and high salinity water seepage. A sealing method to prevent the formation of a water film on the side of the specimen is proposed based on the characteristics of the device. The device is suitable for studying the relationship between rock mechanical properties and resistivity in complex environments.
Lauren Kedar, Clare E. Bond, and David K. Muirhead
Solid Earth, 13, 1495–1511, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1495-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1495-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Raman spectroscopy of carbon-bearing rocks is often used to calculate peak temperatures and therefore burial history. However, strain is known to affect Raman spectral parameters. We investigate a series of deformed rocks that have been subjected to varying degrees of strain and find that there is a consistent change in some parameters in the most strained rocks, while other parameters are not affected by strain. We apply temperature calculations and find that strain affects them differently.
Lisa Winhausen, Kavan Khaledi, Mohammadreza Jalali, Janos L. Urai, and Florian Amann
Solid Earth, 13, 901–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Triaxial compression tests at different effective stresses allow for analysing the deformation behaviour of Opalinus Clay, the potential host rock for nuclear waste in Switzerland. We conducted microstructural investigations of the deformed samples to relate the bulk hydro-mechanical behaviour to the processes on the microscale. Results show a transition from brittle- to more ductile-dominated deformation. We propose a non-linear failure envelop associated with the failure mode transition.
Zhilin Ye, Dawei Fan, Bo Li, Qizhe Tang, Jingui Xu, Dongzhou Zhang, and Wenge Zhou
Solid Earth, 13, 745–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-745-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-745-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Eclogite is a major factor in the initiation of delamination during orogenic collision. According to the equations of state of main minerals of eclogite under high temperature and high pressure, the densities of eclogite along two types of delamination in Tibet are provided. The effects of eclogite on the delamination process are discussed in detail. A high abundance of garnet, a high Fe content, and a high degree of eclogitization are more conducive to instigating the delamination.
Tiange Xing, Hamed O. Ghaffari, Ulrich Mok, and Matej Pec
Solid Earth, 13, 137–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-137-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-137-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Geological carbon sequestration using basalts provides a solution to mitigate the high CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Due to the long timespan of the GCS, it is important to understand the long-term deformation of the reservoir rock. Here, we studied the creep of basalt with fluid presence. Our results show presence of fluid weakens the rock and promotes creep, while the composition only has a secondary effect and demonstrate that the governing creep mechanism is subcritical microcracking.
Lisa Winhausen, Jop Klaver, Joyce Schmatz, Guillaume Desbois, Janos L. Urai, Florian Amann, and Christophe Nussbaum
Solid Earth, 12, 2109–2126, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2109-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2109-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
An experimentally deformed sample of Opalinus Clay (OPA), which is being considered as host rock for nuclear waste in Switzerland, was studied by electron microscopy to image deformation microstructures. Deformation localised by forming micrometre-thick fractures. Deformation zones show dilatant micro-cracking, granular flow and bending grains, and pore collapse. Our model, with three different stages of damage accumulation, illustrates microstructural deformation in a compressed OPA sample.
Michael J. Schmidtke, Ruth Keppler, Jacek Kossak-Glowczewski, Nikolaus Froitzheim, and Michael Stipp
Solid Earth, 12, 1801–1828, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1801-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1801-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Properties of deformed rocks are frequently anisotropic. One of these properties is the travel time of a seismic wave. In this study we measured the seismic anisotropy of different rocks, collected in the Alps. Our results show distinct differences between rocks of oceanic origin and those of continental origin.
Sina Hale, Xavier Ries, David Jaeggi, and Philipp Blum
Solid Earth, 12, 1581–1600, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1581-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1581-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The construction of tunnels leads to substantial alterations of the surrounding rock, which can be critical concerning safety aspects. We use different mobile methods to assess the hydromechanical properties of an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) in a claystone. We show that long-term exposure and dehydration preserve a notable fracture permeability and significantly increase strength and stiffness. The methods are suitable for on-site monitoring without any further disturbance of the rock.
Jessica A. McBeck, Wenlu Zhu, and François Renard
Solid Earth, 12, 375–387, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-375-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-375-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The competing modes of fault network development, including nucleation, propagation, and coalescence, influence the localization and connectivity of fracture networks and are thus critical influences on permeability. We distinguish between these modes of fracture development using in situ X-ray tomography triaxial compression experiments on crystalline rocks. The results underscore the importance of confining stress (burial depth) and fluids on fault network development.
Hanaya Okuda, Ikuo Katayama, Hiroshi Sakuma, and Kenji Kawai
Solid Earth, 12, 171–186, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-171-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-171-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Serpentinite, generated by the hydration of ultramafic rocks, is thought to be related to slow earthquakes at the subduction plate interface in the mantle wedge. We conducted friction experiments on brucite, one of the components of serpentinite, and found that wet brucite exhibits low and unstable friction under low effective normal stress conditions. This result suggests that wet brucite may be key for slow earthquakes at the subduction plate interface in a hydrated mantle wedge.
Chaojie Cheng, Sina Hale, Harald Milsch, and Philipp Blum
Solid Earth, 11, 2411–2423, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2411-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2411-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Fluids (like water or gases) within the Earth's crust often flow and interact with rock through fractures. The efficiency with which these fluids may flow through this void space is controlled by the width of the fracture(s). In this study, three different physical methods to measure fracture width were applied and compared and their predictive accuracy was evaluated. As a result, the mobile methods tested may well be applied in the field if a number of limitations and requirements are observed.
Martijn P. A. van den Ende, Marco M. Scuderi, Frédéric Cappa, and Jean-Paul Ampuero
Solid Earth, 11, 2245–2256, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The injection of fluids (like wastewater or CO2) into the subsurface could cause earthquakes when existing geological faults inside the reservoir are (re-)activated. To assess the hazard associated with this, previous studies have conducted experiments in which fluids have been injected into centimetre- and decimetre-scale faults. In this work, we analyse and model these experiments. To this end, we propose a new approach through which we extract the model parameters that govern slip on faults.
Berend A. Verberne, Martijn P. A. van den Ende, Jianye Chen, André R. Niemeijer, and Christopher J. Spiers
Solid Earth, 11, 2075–2095, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2075-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2075-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The strength of fault rock plays a central role in determining the distribution of crustal seismicity. We review laboratory work on the physics of fault friction at low shearing velocities carried out at Utrecht University in the past 2 decades. Key mechanical data and post-mortem microstructures can be explained using a generalized, physically based model for the shear of gouge-filled faults. When implemented into numerical fault-slip codes, this offers new ways to simulate the seismic cycle.
Caiyuan Fan, Jinfeng Liu, Luuk B. Hunfeld, and Christopher J. Spiers
Solid Earth, 11, 1399–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1399-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1399-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Coal is an important source rock for natural gas recovery, and its frictional properties play a role in induced seismicity. We performed experiments to investigate the frictional properties of bituminous coal, and our results show that the frictional strength of coal became significantly weakened with slip displacement, from a peak value of 0.5 to a steady-state value of 0.3. This may be caused by the development of shear bands with internal shear-enhanced molecular structure.
Maximilian O. Kottwitz, Anton A. Popov, Tobias S. Baumann, and Boris J. P. Kaus
Solid Earth, 11, 947–957, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-947-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-947-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we conducted 3-D numerical simulations of fluid flow in synthetically generated fractures that statistically reflect geometries of naturally occurring fractures. We introduced a non-dimensional characterization scheme to relate fracture permeabilities estimated from the numerical simulations to their geometries in a unique manner. By that, we refined the scaling law for fracture permeability, which can be easily integrated into discrete-fracture-network (DFN) modeling approaches.
Bjarne S. G. Almqvist, Hagen Bender, Amanda Bergman, and Uwe Ring
Solid Earth, 11, 807–828, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-807-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-807-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Rocks in fault zones can melt during earthquakes. The geometry and magnetic properties of such earthquake-melted rocks from Jämtland, central Sweden, show that they formed during Caledonian mountain building in the Palaeozoic. The small sample size (~0.2 cm3) used in this study is unconventional in studies of magnetic anisotropy and introduces challenges for interpretations. Nevertheless, the magnetic properties help shed light on the earthquake event and subsequent alteration of the rock.
David Healy, Nicholas Erik Timms, and Mark Alan Pearce
Solid Earth, 11, 259–286, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-259-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-259-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Rock-forming minerals behave elastically, a property that controls their ability to support stress and strain, controls the transmission of seismic waves, and influences subsequent permanent deformation. Minerals are intrinsically anisotropic in their elastic properties; that is, they have directional variations that are related to the crystal lattice. We explore this directionality and present new ways of visualising it. We hope this will enable further advances in understanding deformation.
Mathieu Soret, Philippe Agard, Benoît Ildefonse, Benoît Dubacq, Cécile Prigent, and Claudio Rosenberg
Solid Earth, 10, 1733–1755, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1733-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1733-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study sheds light on the mineral-scale mechanisms controlling the progressive deformation of sheared amphibolites from the Oman metamorphic sole during subduction initiation and unravels how strain is localized and accommodated in hydrated mafic rocks at high temperature conditions. Our results indicate how metamorphic reactions and pore-fluid pressures driven by changes in pressure–temperature conditions and/or water activity control the rheology of mafic rocks.
Camille Parlangeau, Alexandre Dimanov, Olivier Lacombe, Simon Hallais, and Jean-Marc Daniel
Solid Earth, 10, 307–316, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-307-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-307-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Calcite twinning is a common deformation mechanism that mainly occurs at low temperatures. Twinning activation appears at a critical strength value, which is poorly documented and still debated. Temperature is known to influence twin thickness and shape; however, few studies have been conducted on calcite deformation at low temperatures. The goal of this work is to determine if thickness is mainly due to high temperatures and to establish the validity of a threshold twinning activation value.
Cited articles
Alqahtani, N. J., Chung, T., Da Wang, Y., Armstrong, R. T., Swietojanski, P., and Mostaghimi, P.: Flow-Based Characterization of Digital Rock Images Using Deep Learning, SPE J., 26, 1800–1811, https://doi.org/10.2118/205376-PA, 2021.
Anderson, T. I., Guan, K. M., Vega, B., Aryana, S. A., and Kovscek, A. R.: RockFlow: Fast Generation of Synthetic Source Rock Images Using Generative Flow Models, Energies, 13, 6571, https://doi.org/10.3390/en13246571, 2020.
Andrew, M., Bijeljic, B., and Blunt, M. J.: Pore-scale imaging of trapped supercritical carbon dioxide in sandstones and carbonates, International J. Greenh. Gas Contr., 22, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.12.018, 2014.
Araya-Polo, M., Alpak, F. O., Hunter, S., Hofmann, R., and Saxena, N.: Deep learning–driven permeability estimation from 2D images, Comput. Geosci., 24, 571–580, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-019-09886-9, 2020.
Barton, N. and de Quadros, E. F.: Joint aperture and roughness in the prediction of flow and groutability of rock masses, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min., 34, 252.e1–252.e14, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(97)00081-6, 1997.
Barton, N., Bandis, S., and Bakhtar, K.: Strength, deformation and conductivity coupling of rock joints, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min., 22, 121–140, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(85)93227-9, 1985.
Bizhani, M. and Haeri Ardakani, O.: Pore Characterization of Organic-Rich Shales through Application of Topological Data Analysis and Persistent Homology, Energy Fuels, 35, 18563–18573, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c03255, 2021.
Blöcher, G., Kluge, C., Milsch, H., Cacace, M., Jacquey, A. B., and Schmittbuhl, J.: Permeability of matrix-fracture systems under mechanical loading – constraints from laboratory experiments and 3-D numerical modelling, Adv. Geosci., 49, 95–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-95-2019, 2019.
Blum, P., Mackay, R., and Riley, M. S.: Stochastic simulations of regional scale advective transport in fractured rock masses using block upscaled hydro-mechanical rock property data, J. Hydrol., 369, 318–325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.009, 2009.
Brown, S. and Smith, M.: A transient-flow syringe air permeameter, Geophysics, 78, D307–D313, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0534.1, 2013.
Brown, S., Caprihan, A., and Hardy, R.: Experimental observation of fluid flow channels in a single fracture, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 5125–5132, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB03542, 1998.
Brown, S. R.: Fluid flow through rock joints: The effect of surface roughness, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1337, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB02p01337, 1987.
Carlsson, G.: Topology and data, B. Am. Math. Soc., 46, 255–308, https://doi.org/10.1090/S0273-0979-09-01249-X, 2009.
Carman, P. C.: Fluid flow through granular beds, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 15, 150–167, 1937.
Chan, J. M., Carlsson, G., and Rabadan, R.: Topology of viral evolution, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 18566–18571, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1313480110, 2013.
Chen, Y., Selvadurai, A., and Zhao, Z.: Modeling of flow characteristics in 3D rough rock fracture with geometry changes under confining stresses, Comput. Geotech., 130, 103910, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103910, 2021.
Cheng, C., Hale, S., Milsch, H., and Blum, P.: Measuring hydraulic fracture apertures: a comparison of methods, Solid Earth, 11, 2411–2423, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2411-2020, 2020.
Choudhury, A. I., Wang, B., Rosen, P., and Pascucci, V.: Topological analysis and visualization of cyclical behavior in memory reference traces, in: 2012 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 28 February–2 March 2012, Songdo, Korea (South), 9–16, 2012.
Cignoni, P., Corsini, M., and Ranzuglia, G.: MeshLab: an Open-Source 3D Mesh Processing System, ERCIM News, 73, 47–48, 2008.
Costa, A.: Permeability-porosity relationship: A reexamination of the Kozeny-Carman equation based on a fractal pore-space geometry assumption, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02318, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025134, 2006.
Da Wang, Y., Blunt, M. J., Armstrong, R. T., and Mostaghimi, P.: Deep learning in pore scale imaging and modeling, Earth-Sci. Rev., 215, 103555, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103555, 2021.
Delgado-Friedrichs, O., Robins, V., and Sheppard, A.: Morse theory and persistent homology for topological analysis of 3D images of complex materials, in: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 27–30 October 2014, Paris, France, 4872–4876, 2014.
Durham, W. B., Bourcier, W. L., and Burton, E. A.: Direct observation of reactive flow in a single fracture, Water Res., 37, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900228, 2001.
Edelsbrunner, H., Letscher, D., and Zomorodian, A.: Topological persistence and simplification, in: Proceedings 41st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 12–14 November 2000, Redondo Beach, CA, USA, 454–463, 2000.
Ferer, M., Crandall, D., Ahmadi, G., and Smith, D. H.: Two-phase flow in a rough fracture: experiment and modeling, Phys. Rev. E, 84, 16316, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.84.016316, 2011.
Filomena, C. M., Hornung, J., and Stollhofen, H.: Assessing accuracy of gas-driven permeability measurements: a comparative study of diverse Hassler-cell and probe permeameter devices, Solid Earth, 5, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1-2014, 2014.
Fischer, C., Dunkl, I., Eynatten, H. von, Wijbrans, J. R., and Gaupp, R.: Products and timing of diagenetic processes in Upper Rotliegend sandstones from Bebertal (North German Basin, Parchim Formation, Flechtingen High, Germany), Geol. Mag., 149, 827–840, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756811001087, 2012.
Frank, S., Heinze, T., Ribbers, M., and Wohnlich, S.: Experimental Reproducibility and Natural Variability of Hydraulic Transport Properties of Fractured Sandstone Samples, Geosciences, 10, 458, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110458, 2020.
Gutjahr, T., Hale, S., Keller, K., Blum, P., and Winter, S.: Quantification of Fracture Roughness by Change Probabilities and Hurst Exponents, Math. Geosci., 54, 679–710, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-021-09985-3, 2022.
Hale, S. and Blum, P.: Bestimmung der hydraulischen Durchlässigkeiten eines Sandsteins mithilfe eines Luftpermeameters, Grundwasser – Zeitschrift der Fachsektion Hydrogeologie, 27, 57–65, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-021-00504-z, 2022.
Hale, S., Naab, C., Butscher, C., and Blum, P.: Method Comparison to Determine Hydraulic Apertures of Natural Fractures, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 53, 1467–1476, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01966-7, 2020.
Hassanzadegan, A., Blöcher, G., Zimmermann, G., and Milsch, H.: Thermoporoelastic properties of Flechtinger sandstone, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min., 49, 94–104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2011.11.002, 2012.
Heidsiek, M., Butscher, C., Blum, P., and Fischer, C.: Small-scale diagenetic facies heterogeneity controls porosity and permeability pattern in reservoir sandstones, Environ. Earth Sci., 79, 425, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09168-z, 2020.
Hiraoka, Y., Nakamura, T., Hirata, A., Escolar, E. G., Matsue, K., and Nishiura, Y.: Hierarchical structures of amorphous solids characterized by persistent homology, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 7035–7040, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520877113, 2016.
Hong, J. and Liu, J.: Rapid estimation of permeability from digital rock using 3D convolutional neural network, Comput. Geosci., 24, 1523–1539, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-020-09941-w, 2020.
Huerta, N. J., Hesse, M. A., Bryant, S. L., Strazisar, B. R., and Lopano, C. L.: Experimental evidence for self-limiting reactive flow through a fractured cement core: implications for time-dependent wellbore leakage, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 269–275, https://doi.org/10.1021/es3013003, 2013.
Javadi, M., Sharifzadeh, M., and Shahriar, K.: A new geometrical model for non-linear fluid flow through rough fractures, J. Hydrol., 389, 18–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.010, 2010.
Javanmard, H., Ebigbo, A., Walsh, S. D. C., Saar, M. O., and Vogler, D.: No-Flow Fraction (NFF) Permeability Model for Rough Fractures Under Normal Stress, Water Res., 57, e2020WR029080, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029080, 2021.
Jiang, F., Tsuji, T., and Shirai, T.: Pore Geometry Characterization by Persistent Homology Theory, Water Res., 54, 4150–4163, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR021864, 2018.
Kling, T., Schwarz, J.-O., Wendler, F., Enzmann, F., and Blum, P.: Fracture flow due to hydrothermally induced quartz growth, Adv. Water Resour., 107, 93–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.06.011, 2017.
Kozeny, J.: Ueber kapillare Leitung des Wassers im Boden, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss., 271–306, 1927.
Louis, C.: Rock Hydraulics, in: Rock Mechanics, edited by: Müller, L., Springer Vienna, Vienna, 299–387, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4109-0_16, 1972.
Marchand, S., Mersch, O., Selzer, M., Nitschke, F., Schoenball, M., Schmittbuhl, J., Nestler, B., and Kohl, T.: A Stochastic Study of Flow Anisotropy and Channelling in Open Rough Fractures, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 53, 233–249, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01907-4, 2020.
Mehmani, Y. and Tchelepi, H. A.: Minimum requirements for predictive pore-network modeling of solute transport in micromodels, Adv. Water Resour., 108, 83–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.07.014, 2017.
Min, K.-B., Jing, L., and Stephansson, O.: Determining the equivalent permeability tensor for fractured rock masses using a stochastic REV approach: Method and application to the field data from Sellafield, UK, Hydrogeol. J., 12, 497–510, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0331-7, 2004.
Moon, C., Mitchell, S. A., Heath, J. E., and Andrew, M.: Statistical Inference Over Persistent Homology Predicts Fluid Flow in Porous Media, Water Res., 55, 9592–9603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025171, 2019.
Muljadi, B. P., Blunt, M. J., Raeini, A. Q., and Bijeljic, B.: The impact of porous media heterogeneity on non-Darcy flow behaviour from pore-scale simulation, Adv. Water Resour., 95, 329–340, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.05.019, 2016.
Müller, C., Siegesmund, S., and Blum, P.: Evaluation of the representative elementary volume (REV) of a fractured geothermal sandstone reservoir, Environ. Earth Sci., 61, 1713–1724, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0485-7, 2010.
New England Research Inc.: TinyPerm 3, Product information, White River Junction, VT, 2016.
Nikon Metrology NV: MCA II Articulated arms: Portable productivity, Product information, 2010.
Nikon Metrology NV: ModelMaker Handheld scanners, MCAx Articulated arms, Product information, 2018.
Novakowski, K. S. and Lapcevic, P. A.: Field measurement of radial solute transport in fractured rock, Water Res., 30, 37–44, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR02401, 1994.
Obayashi, I., Nakamura, T., and Hiraoka, Y.: Persistent Homology Analysis for Materials Research and Persistent Homology Software: HomCloud, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 91, 091013, https://doi.org/10.7566/JPSJ.91.091013, 2022.
Oliveira, G. L. P., Ceia, M. A., Missagia, R. M., Lima Neto, I., Santos, V. H., and Paranhos, R.: Core plug and 2D/3D-image integrated analysis for improving permeability estimation based on the differences between micro- and macroporosity in Middle East carbonate rocks, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 193, 107335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107335, 2020.
Patir, N. and Cheng, H. S.: An Average Flow Model for Determining Effects of Three-Dimensional Roughness on Partial Hydrodynamic Lubrication, Journal of Lubrication Technology, 100, 12–17, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3453103, 1978.
Permann, C. J., Gaston, D. R., Andrš, D., Carlsen, R. W., Kong, F., Lindsay, A. D., Miller, J. M., Peterson, J. W., Slaughter, A. E., Stogner, R. H., and Martineau, R. C.: MOOSE: Enabling massively parallel multiphysics simulation, SoftwareX, 11, 100430, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2020.100430, 2020.
Pyrak-Nolte, L. J. and Morris, J. P.: Single fractures under normal stress: The relation between fracture specific stiffness and fluid flow, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min., 37, 245–262, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00104-5, 2000.
Robins, V., Saadatfar, M., Delgado-Friedrichs, O., and Sheppard, A. P.: Percolating length scales from topological persistence analysis of micro- CT images of porous materials, Water Res., 52, 315–329, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017937, 2016.
Schädle, P.: SaintBernard: A MOOSE Application to model flow and transport through lower dimensional rough fractures, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763869, 2020.
Sudakov, O., Burnaev, E., and Koroteev, D.: Driving digital rock towards machine learning: Predicting permeability with gradient boosting and deep neural networks, Comput. Geosci., 127, 91–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2019.02.002, 2019.
Suzuki, A., Watanabe, N., Li, K., and Horne, R. N.: Fracture network created by 3-D printer and its validation using CT images, Water Res., 53, 6330–6339, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021032, 2017.
Suzuki, A., Minto, J. M., Watanabe, N., Li, K., and Horne, R. N.: Contributions of 3D Printed Fracture Networks to Development of Flow and Transport Models, Transp. Porous Med., 129, 485–500, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-018-1154-7, 2019.
Suzuki, A., Miyazawa, M., Okamoto, A., Shimizu, H., Obayashi, I., Hiraoka, Y., Tsuji, T., Kang, P. K., and Ito, T.: Inferring fracture forming processes by characterizing fracture network patterns with persistent homology, Comput. Geosci., 143, 104550, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2020.104550, 2020.
Suzuki, A., Miyazawa, M., Minto, J. M., Tsuji, T., Obayashi, I., Hiraoka, Y., and Ito, T.: Flow estimation solely from image data through persistent homology analysis, Sci. Rep., 11, 17948, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97222-6, 2021.
Tatone, B. S. A. and Grasselli, G.: Quantitative Measurements of Fracture Aperture and Directional Roughness from Rock Cores, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 45, 619–629, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-011-0219-5, 2012.
Tatone, B. S. A. and Grasselli, G.: An Investigation of Discontinuity Roughness Scale Dependency Using High-Resolution Surface Measurements, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 46, 657–681, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0294-2, 2013.
Thiele, S. T., Jessell, M. W., Lindsay, M., Ogarko, V., Wellmann, J. F., and Pakyuz-Charrier, E.: The topology of geology 1: Topological analysis, Journal of Structural Geology, 91, 27–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2016.08.009, 2016.
Thörn, J. and Fransson, Å.: A new apparatus and methodology for hydromechanical testing and geometry scanning of a rock fracture under low normal stress, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min., 79, 216–226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.08.015, 2015.
Torskaya, T., Shabro, V., Torres-Verdín, C., Salazar-Tio, R., and Revil, A.: Grain Shape Effects on Permeability, Formation Factor, and Capillary Pressure from Pore-Scale Modeling, Transp. Porous Med., 102, 71–90, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-013-0262-7, 2014.
Tsang, C.-F. and Neretnieks, I.: Flow channeling in heterogeneous fractured rocks, Rev. Geophys., 36, 275–298, https://doi.org/10.1029/97RG03319, 1998.
Tsang, Y. W.: Usage of “Equivalent apertures” for rock fractures as derived from hydraulic and tracer tests, Water Res., 28, 1451–1455, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR00361, 1992.
Vogler, D., Settgast, R. R., Annavarapu, C., Madonna, C., Bayer, P., and Amann, F.: Experiments and Simulations of Fully Hydro-Mechanically Coupled Response of Rough Fractures Exposed to High-Pressure Fluid Injection, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 123, 1186–1200, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB015057, 2018.
Wang, M., Chen, Y.-F., Ma, G.-W., Zhou, J.-Q., and Zhou, C.-B.: Influence of surface roughness on nonlinear flow behaviors in 3D self-affine rough fractures: Lattice Boltzmann simulations, Adv. Water Resour., 96, 373–388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.08.006, 2016.
Wang, Q., Hu, X., Zheng, W., Li, L., Zhou, C., Ying, C., and Xu, C.: Mechanical Properties and Permeability Evolution of Red Sandstone Subjected to Hydro-mechanical Coupling: Experiment and Discrete Element Modelling, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 54, 2405–2423, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02396-0, 2021.
Watanabe, N., Hirano, N., and Tsuchiya, N.: Determination of aperture structure and fluid flow in a rock fracture by high-resolution numerical modeling on the basis of a flow-through experiment under confining pressure, Water Res., 44, W06412, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005411, 2008.
Weede, M. and Hötzl, H.: Strömung und Transport in einer natürlichen Einzelkluft in poröser Matrix – Experimente und Modellierung, Grundwasser – Zeitschrift der Fachsektion Hydrogeologie, 10, 137–145, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-005-0090-y, 2005.
Wilkins, A., Green, C., and Ennis-King, J.: PorousFlow: a multiphysics simulation code for coupled problems in porous media, J. Open Source Softw., 5, 2176, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02176, 2020.
Wilkins, A., Green, C. P., and Ennis-King, J.: An open-source multiphysics simulation code for coupled problems in porous media, Comput. Geosci., 154, 104820, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104820, 2021.
Xiong, X., Li, B., Jiang, Y., Koyama, T., and Zhang, C.: Experimental and numerical study of the geometrical and hydraulic characteristics of a single rock fracture during shear, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min., 48, 1292–1302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2011.09.009, 2011.
Zomorodian, A. and Carlsson, G.: Computing Persistent Homology, Discrete Comput. Geom., 33, 249–274, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00454-004-1146-y, 2005.
Short summary
In this study, the permeability of a natural fracture in sandstone is estimated based only on its geometry. For this purpose, the topological method of persistent homology is applied to three geometric data sets with different resolutions for the first time. The results of all data sets compare well with conventional experimental and numerical methods. Since the analysis takes less time to the same amount of time, it seems to be a good alternative to conventional methods.
In this study, the permeability of a natural fracture in sandstone is estimated based only on...