Articles | Volume 5, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1209-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1209-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Dec 2014
Research article |
| 02 Dec 2014
Tunable diode laser measurements of hydrothermal/volcanic CO2 and implications for the global CO2 budget
M. Pedone
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
A. Aiuppa
DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
G. Giudice
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
F. Grassa
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
V. Francofonte
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
B. Bergsson
DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
Icelandic Meteorological Office, Bústa{\dh}avegur 7, 150 Reykjavík, Iceland
E. Ilyinskaya
British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3LA, UK
Related authors
No articles found.
Evgenia Ilyinskaya, Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson, Hanne Krage Carlsen, and Björn Oddsson
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3115–3128, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3115-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3115-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Natural hazards can have negative impacts on mental health. We used artificial intelligence to analyse sentiments expressed by people in Twitter (now X) posts during a period of heightened earthquake activity and during a small volcanic eruption in Iceland. We show that even small natural hazards which cause no material damage can still have a significant impact on people. Earthquakes had a predominantly negative impact, but, somewhat unexpectedly, the eruption seemed to have a positive impact.
Virginie Marécal, Ronan Voisin-Plessis, Tjarda Jane Roberts, Alessandro Aiuppa, Herizo Narivelo, Paul David Hamer, Béatrice Josse, Jonathan Guth, Luke Surl, and Lisa Grellier
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2873–2898, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2873-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2873-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We implemented a halogen volcanic chemistry scheme in a one-dimensional modelling framework preparing for further use in a three-dimensional global chemistry-transport model. The results of the simulations for an eruption of Mt Etna in 2008, including various sensitivity tests, show a good consistency with previous modelling studies.
Andrea Bevilacqua, Alvaro Aravena, Augusto Neri, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Demetrio Escobar, Melida Schliz, Alessandro Aiuppa, and Raffaello Cioni
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1639–1665, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1639-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present novel probability maps for the opening position of new vents in the San Salvador (El Salvador) and Nejapa-Chiltepe (Nicaragua) volcanic complexes. In particular, we present thematic maps, i.e., we consider different hazardous phenomena separately. To illustrate the significant effects of considering the expected eruption style in the construction of vent opening maps, we focus on the analysis of small-scale pyroclastic density currents using an approach based on numerical modeling.
Leigh R. Crilley, Ajit Singh, Louisa J. Kramer, Marvin D. Shaw, Mohammed S. Alam, Joshua S. Apte, William J. Bloss, Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz, Pingqing Fu, Weiqi Fu, Shahzad Gani, Michael Gatari, Evgenia Ilyinskaya, Alastair C. Lewis, David Ng'ang'a, Yele Sun, Rachel C. W. Whitty, Siyao Yue, Stuart Young, and Francis D. Pope
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1181–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1181-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1181-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
There is considerable interest in using low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs) for particle mass measurements; however, there is no agreed upon method with respect to calibration. Here we exploit a number of datasets globally to demonstrate that particle composition and relative humidity are the key factors affecting measured concentrations from a low-cost OPC, and we present a simple correction methodology that corrects for this influence.
Pierre Tulet, Andréa Di Muro, Aurélie Colomb, Cyrielle Denjean, Valentin Duflot, Santiago Arellano, Brice Foucart, Jérome Brioude, Karine Sellegri, Aline Peltier, Alessandro Aiuppa, Christelle Barthe, Chatrapatty Bhugwant, Soline Bielli, Patrice Boissier, Guillaume Boudoire, Thierry Bourrianne, Christophe Brunet, Fréderic Burnet, Jean-Pierre Cammas, Franck Gabarrot, Bo Galle, Gaetano Giudice, Christian Guadagno, Fréderic Jeamblu, Philippe Kowalski, Jimmy Leclair de Bellevue, Nicolas Marquestaut, Dominique Mékies, Jean-Marc Metzger, Joris Pianezze, Thierry Portafaix, Jean Sciare, Arnaud Tournigand, and Nicolas Villeneuve
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5355–5378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5355-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5355-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The STRAP campaign was conducted in 2015 to investigate the volcanic plumes of Piton de La Fournaise (La Réunion, France). For the first time, measurements were conducted at the local (near the vent) and regional scales around the island. The STRAP 2015 campaign gave a unique set of multi-disciplinary data that can now be used by modellers to improve the numerical parameterisations of the physical and chemical evolution of the volcanic plumes.
Marsailidh M. Twigg, Evgenia Ilyinskaya, Sonya Beccaceci, David C. Green, Matthew R. Jones, Ben Langford, Sarah R. Leeson, Justin J. N. Lingard, Gloria M. Pereira, Heather Carter, Jan Poskitt, Andreas Richter, Stuart Ritchie, Ivan Simmons, Ron I. Smith, Y. Sim Tang, Netty Van Dijk, Keith Vincent, Eiko Nemitz, Massimo Vieno, and Christine F. Braban
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11415–11431, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11415-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11415-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study integrates high and low resolution temporal measurements to assess the impact of the Holuhraun effusive eruption in 2014 across the UK. Measurements, modelling and satellite analysis provides details on the transport and chemistry of both gases and particulates during this unique event. The results of the study can be used verify existing atmospheric chemistry models of volcano plumes in order to carry improved risk assessments for future volcanic eruptions.
L. Surl, D. Donohoue, A. Aiuppa, N. Bobrowski, and R. von Glasow
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2613–2628, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2613-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2613-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the atmospheric chemistry that occurs in the plume of Mt. Etna shortly after emission.
We measured O3 destruction in the plume. Using simultaneous measurements of SO2 and wind speed, we approximate the rate of this destruction. BrO, expected to be an indicator of ozone-destructive chemistry, is also detected.
A computer model is able to approximately reproduce these results and is used to make inferences about the chemistry occurring that cannot be directly observed.
L. Grellier, V. Marécal, B. Josse, P. D. Hamer, T. J. Roberts, A. Aiuppa, and M. Pirre
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-2581-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-2581-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
Related subject area
Geochemistry
Magnesium isotope fractionation processes during seafloor serpentinization and implications for serpentinite subduction
Evolution of fluid redox in a fault zone of the Pic de Port Vieux thrust in the Pyrenees Axial Zone (Spain)
Mapping geochemical anomalies by accounting for the uncertainty of mineralization-related elemental associations
Rare Earth element distribution on the Fuerteventura Basal Complex (Canary Islands, Spain): a geochemical and mineralogical approach
Basic chemical compositions combination rules and quantitative criterion of red beds
Mineralogical and elemental geochemical characteristics of Taodonggou Group mudstone in the Taibei Sag, Turpan–Hami Basin: implication for its formation mechanism
Epidote dissolution–precipitation during viscous granular flow: a micro-chemical and isotope study
Whole-rock and zircon evidence for evolution of the Late Jurassic high-Sr ∕ Y Zhoujiapuzi granite, Liaodong Peninsula, North China Craton
Application of lithogeochemical and pyrite trace element data for the determination of vectors to ore in the Raja Au–Co prospect, northern Finland
Vectors to ore in replacive volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits of the northern Iberian Pyrite Belt: mineral zoning, whole rock geochemistry, and application of portable X-ray fluorescence
Rock alteration at the post-Variscan nonconformity: implications for Carboniferous–Permian surface weathering versus burial diagenesis and paleoclimate evaluation
Quartz dissolution associated with magnesium silicate hydrate cement precipitation
Comparative geochemical study on Furongian–earliest Ordovician (Toledanian) and Ordovician (Sardic) felsic magmatic events in south-western Europe: underplating of hot mafic magmas linked to the opening of the Rheic Ocean
Understanding controls on hydrothermal dolomitisation: insights from 3D reactive transport modelling of geothermal convection
Influence of basement rocks on fluid evolution during multiphase deformation: the example of the Estamariu thrust in the Pyrenean Axial Zone
Spatiotemporal history of fault–fluid interaction in the Hurricane fault, western USA
Quantifying the buffering of oceanic oxygen isotopes at ancient midocean ridges
Bromine speciation and partitioning in slab-derived aqueous fluids and silicate melts and implications for halogen transfer in subduction zones
Uncertainty in regional estimates of capacity for carbon capture and storage
Fluid–rock interactions in the shallow Mariana forearc: carbon cycling and redox conditions
Boninite and boninite-series volcanics in northern Zambales ophiolite: doubly vergent subduction initiation along Philippine Sea plate margins
Squirt flow due to interfacial water films in hydrate bearing sediments
Remote-sensing data processing with the multivariate regression analysis method for iron mineral resource potential mapping: a case study in the Sarvian area, central Iran
First magmatism in the New England Batholith, Australia: forearc and arc–back-arc components in the Bakers Creek Suite gabbros
Measurement of geologic nitrogen using mass spectrometry, colorimetry, and a newly adapted fluorometry technique
Feathery and network-like filamentous textures as indicators for the re-crystallization of quartz from a metastable silica precursor at the Rusey Fault Zone, Cornwall, UK
Differences and influencing factors related to underground water carbon uptake by karsts in the Houzhai Basin, southwestern China
Quantitative experimental monitoring of molecular diffusion in clay with positron emission tomography
Geoscientific process monitoring with positron emission tomography (GeoPET)
Effects of wood chip amendments on the revegetation performance of plant species on eroded marly terrains in a Mediterranean mountainous climate (Southern Alps, France)
A Web-based spatial decision supporting system for land management and soil conservation
Physicochemical changes in pyrogenic organic matter (biochar) after 15 months of field aging
Factors controlling the geochemical composition of Limnopolar Lake sediments (Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Island, Antarctica) during the last ca. 1600 years
The regulation of the air: a hypothesis
New zircon data supporting models of short-lived igneous activity at 1.89 Ga in the western Skellefte District, central Fennoscandian Shield
Dynamical geochemistry of the mantle
Sune G. Nielsen, Frieder Klein, Horst R. Marschall, Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann, and Maureen Auro
Solid Earth, 15, 1143–1154, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Magnesium isotope ratios of arc lavas have been proposed as a proxy for serpentinite subduction, but uncertainties remain regarding their utility. Here we show that bulk serpentinite Mg isotope ratios are identical to the mantle, whereas the serpentinite mineral brucite is enriched in heavy Mg isotopes. Thus, Mg isotope ratios may only be used as serpentinite subduction proxies if brucite is preferentially mobilized from the slab at pressures and temperatures within the arc magma source region.
Delphine Charpentier, Gaétan Milesi, Pierre Labaume, Ahmed Abd Elmola, Martine Buatier, Pierre Lanari, and Manuel Muñoz
Solid Earth, 15, 1065–1086, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the fluid circulation in fault zones is essential to characterize the thermochemical evolution of hydrothermal systems in mountain ranges. The study focused on a paleo-system of the Pyrenees. Phyllosilicates permit us to constrain the evolution of temperature and redox of fluids at the scale of the fault system. A scenario is proposed and involves the circulation of a single highly reducing hydrothermal fluid (~300 °C) that evolves due to redox reactions.
Jian Wang, Renguang Zuo, and Qinghai Liu
Solid Earth, 15, 731–746, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study improves geochemical mapping by addressing the uncertainty in defining element associations. It clusters the study area by element similarity, recognizes elemental associations for each cluster, and then detects anomalies indicating underlying geological processes. This method is applied to a region in China, confirming its effectiveness and consistency with the geology. This study can enhance geochemical mapping for mineral exploration and improve geological-process understanding.
Marc Campeny, Inmaculada Menéndez, Luis Quevedo, Jorge Yepes, Ramón Casillas, Agustina Ahijado, Jorge Méndez-Ramos, and José Mangas
Solid Earth, 15, 639–656, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Basal Complex unit on Fuerteventura island comprises magmatic rocks showing significant rare Earth element (REE) concentrations with values up to 10 300 ppm REY (REEs plus yttrium). We carried out mineralogical and geochemical analyses, but additional research is needed to fully understand their distribution due to structural complexities and environmental factors.
Guangjun Cui, Jin Liao, Linghua Kong, Cuiying Zhou, Zhen Liu, Lei Yu, and Lihai Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2590, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2590, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A rapid quantitative identification criterion based on the basic chemical compositions combination rules of red beds has been established, taking into account the correlation between red beds geomorphic characteristics, mineral compositions, and chemical compositions. The research results can also be applied to the quantitative identification of red beds in other fields such as resources, ecology, environment, energy, materials, etc.
Huan Miao, Jianying Guo, Yanbin Wang, Zhenxue Jiang, Chengju Zhang, and Chuanming Li
Solid Earth, 14, 1031–1052, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1031-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1031-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Taodonggou Group mudstone was deposited in a warm, humid, and hot paleoclimate with strong weathering. The parent rocks of the Taodonggou Group mudstone are felsic volcanic rocks and andesites, with weak sedimentary sorting and recycling and with well-preserved source information. The Taodonggou Group mudstone was deposited in dyoxic fresh water–brackish water in intermediate-depth or deep lakes with stable inputs of terrigenous debris but at slower deposition rates.
Veronica Peverelli, Alfons Berger, Martin Wille, Thomas Pettke, Pierre Lanari, Igor Maria Villa, and Marco Herwegh
Solid Earth, 13, 1803–1821, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1803-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1803-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work studies the interplay of epidote dissolution–precipitation and quartz dynamic recrystallization during viscous granular flow in a deforming epidote–quartz vein. Pb and Sr isotope data indicate that epidote dissolution–precipitation is mediated by internal/recycled fluids with an additional external fluid component. Microstructures and geochemical data show that the epidote material is redistributed and chemically homogenized within the deforming vein via a dynamic granular fluid pump.
Renyu Zeng, Mark B. Allen, Xiancheng Mao, Jianqing Lai, Jie Yan, and Jianjun Wan
Solid Earth, 13, 1259–1280, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1259-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1259-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In the Liaodong Peninsula, the widely exposed Jurassic high-Sr / Y rocks are generally considered to be derived from the thickened mafic crust. However, research on the Zhoujiapuzi granite in this study shows that there is at least one pluton with a high Sr / Y signature inherited from the source. Zircon growth in Zhoujiapuzi granite can be divided into two stages. The light-CL core was formed in a deeper, hotter magma chamber. The dark-CL rim formed from later, more evolved magma.
Sara Raič, Ferenc Molnár, Nick Cook, Hugh O'Brien, and Yann Lahaye
Solid Earth, 13, 271–299, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-271-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-271-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Orogenic gold deposits in Paleoproterozoic belts in northern Finland have been explored not only for gold but because of the occurrences of economically important concentrations of base metals, especially cobalt. In this study we are testing the vectoring capacities of pyrite trace element geochemistry, combined with lithogeochemical and sulfur isotopic data in the Raja gold–cobalt prospect (northern Finland), by using multivariate statistical data analysis.
Guillem Gisbert, Fernando Tornos, Emma Losantos, Juan Manuel Pons, and Juan Carlos Videira
Solid Earth, 12, 1931–1966, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1931-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1931-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a detailed study of the rocks surrounding a major Zn–Pb–Cu ore deposit in southwestern Spain in order to characterize the behaviour of chemical elements in the influence area of the hydrothermal system that produced the deposit. Based on this information we propose new ways of detecting the nearby presence of ore deposits of this kind during exploration, thus improving our ability to detect new resources and contributing to securing the future supply of metals for our society.
Fei Liang, Jun Niu, Adrian Linsel, Matthias Hinderer, Dirk Scheuvens, and Rainer Petschick
Solid Earth, 12, 1165–1184, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we conclude that surface weathering is a primary control on rock characteristics and also guides fluids through the system during deep burial process. We also find that the formation of the rock decomposition zone depends on rock composition, climatic conditions and the duration of the process. Finally and most importantly, we provide a workflow for data reliability analysis for paleoclimate research.
Lisa de Ruiter, Anette Eleonora Gunnæs, Dag Kristian Dysthe, and Håkon Austrheim
Solid Earth, 12, 389–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-389-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-389-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, the formation of natural magnesium silicate hydrate cement has been studied. The cement forms through the extraordinarily fast dissolution of quartz under high-pH, Mg-rich conditions that occur in south-east Norway where an ultramafic body is exposed. We studied the cemented rocks and the processes that led to the formation of the cement from the field scale to the nanoscale. Magnesium silicate hydrate cement might be a low-CO2 alternative to Portland cement.
J. Javier Álvaro, Teresa Sánchez-García, Claudia Puddu, Josep Maria Casas, Alejandro Díez-Montes, Montserrat Liesa, and Giacomo Oggiano
Solid Earth, 11, 2377–2409, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2377-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2377-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A geochemical comparison of early Palaeozoic felsic magmatic episodes throughout the south-western European margin of Gondwana is analysed and includes data from the Iberian Massif, the Eastern Pyrenees, southern France and Sardinia. This dataset favours partial melting of sediments and/or granitoids in the lower continental crust during extensional movements related to the opening of the Rheic Ocean.
Rungroj Benjakul, Cathy Hollis, Hamish A. Robertson, Eric L. Sonnenthal, and Fiona F. Whitaker
Solid Earth, 11, 2439–2461, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2439-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2439-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our reactive transport models show that high-temperature fault-controlled dolomite can form from mixed convection and act as a sink for Mg in the circulating seawaters. This provides new perspectives to enhance understanding of mechanisms and controls on dolomitisation, geometry, and spatial distribution of dolomite bodies within faulted and fractured systems, which has important implications for modelling of systems ranging from geothermal resources to ore formation and carbonate diagenesis.
Daniel Muñoz-López, Gemma Alías, David Cruset, Irene Cantarero, Cédric M. John, and Anna Travé
Solid Earth, 11, 2257–2281, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2257-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2257-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the influence of basement rocks on the fluid chemistry during deformation in the Pyrenees and provides insights into the fluid regime in the NE part of the Iberian Peninsula.
Jace M. Koger and Dennis L. Newell
Solid Earth, 11, 1969–1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1969-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1969-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Hurricane fault is a major and active normal fault located in the southwestern USA. This study utilizes the geochemistry and dating of calcite veins associated with the fault to characterize ancient groundwater flow. Results show that waters moving along the fault over the last 540 000 years were a mixture of infiltrating fresh water and deep, warm salty groundwater. The formation of calcite veins may be related to ancient earthquakes, and the fault influences regional groundwater flow.
Yoshiki Kanzaki
Solid Earth, 11, 1475–1488, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1475-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1475-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates the buffering of seawater oxygen isotopes at midocean ridges, using a process-based model of hydrothermal circulation and reactive transport of oxygen isotopes. The buffering intensity shown by the model is significantly weaker than previously assumed. Oxygen isotopes of oceanic crust are consistently relatively insensitive to seawater isotopic composition, which explains the ancient oceanic crust without invoking a constant seawater oxygen–isotopic composition through time.
Marion Louvel, Carmen Sanchez-Valle, Wim J. Malfait, Gleb S. Pokrovski, Camelia N. Borca, and Daniel Grolimund
Solid Earth, 11, 1145–1161, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1145-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1145-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we conducted spectroscopic measurements on high-pressure, high-temperature fluids and melts to study how halogens, in particular bromine, can be incorporated in subduction zone fluids and melts. We find that a gradual evolution of bromine speciation with liquid composition enables the incorporation of high amounts of Br in both phases. Thus, bromine and, by extension, chlorine are expected to be efficiently recycled from the slab towards the volcanic arc.
Mark Wilkinson and Debbie Polson
Solid Earth, 10, 1707–1715, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1707-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1707-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon capture and storage is a technology for the mitigation of industrial CO2 emissions. Most subsurface storage capacity is in rocks for which there is relatively little information. A group of experts estimated the storage capacity of seven units, producing a wide range of estimates for each unit due to a combination of using different published values for some variables and differences in their judgements of average values. Hence, there is significant uncertainty in such estimates.
Elmar Albers, Wolfgang Bach, Frieder Klein, Catriona D. Menzies, Friedrich Lucassen, and Damon A. H. Teagle
Solid Earth, 10, 907–930, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-907-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-907-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the fate of carbon in subducted oceanic sediments and crust, we studied carbonate phases in rocks from the Mariana subduction zone. These show that carbon is liberated from the downgoing plate at depths less than 20 km. Some of the carbon is subsequently trapped in minerals and likely subducts to greater depths, whereas fluids carry the other part back into the ocean. Our findings imply that shallow subduction zone processes may play an important role in the deep carbon cycle.
Americus Perez, Susumu Umino, Graciano P. Yumul Jr., and Osamu Ishizuka
Solid Earth, 9, 713–733, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-713-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-713-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The occurrence of boninite in the northern Zambales ophiolite is reported. Boninite is a relatively rare high-magnesium andesite that is intimately associated with early arc volcanism and the initiation of subduction zones. Taken as a whole, the geological and geochemical characteristics of Zambales and Izu-Ogasawara–Mariana forearc volcanic sequences enables a refined geodynamic reconstruction of subduction initiation.
Kathleen Sell, Beatriz Quintal, Michael Kersten, and Erik H. Saenger
Solid Earth, 9, 699–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-699-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-699-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Sediments containing hydrates dispersed in the pore space show a characteristic seismic anomaly: a high attenuation along with increasing seismic velocities. Recent major findings from synchrotron experiments revealed the systematic presence of thin water films between quartz and gas hydrate. Our numerical studies support earlier speculation that squirt flow causes high attenuation at seismic frequencies but are based on a conceptual model different to those previously considered.
Edris Mansouri, Faranak Feizi, Alireza Jafari Rad, and Mehran Arian
Solid Earth, 9, 373–384, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-373-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-373-2018, 2018
Seann J. McKibbin, Bill Landenberger, and C. Mark Fanning
Solid Earth, 8, 421–434, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-421-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-421-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The youngest, easternmost part of continental Australia formed in an ancient subduction zone by rifting of the crust. This drove melting of the underlying mantle, producing basaltic magmas that intruded the crust. We determined the composition and ages of these intrusives, finding that they predate other types of magmatic intrusion in the area. This indicates progression in magma types from basaltic (mantle origin), through mixed, to granitic (crust recycling) during the growth of this region.
Benjamin W. Johnson, Natashia Drage, Jody Spence, Nova Hanson, Rana El-Sabaawi, and Colin Goldblatt
Solid Earth, 8, 307–318, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-307-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-307-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Contrary to canonical notions, recent research suggests that N can cycle throughout the solid Earth over geologic time. Such cycling may directly affect climate and biologic productivity. Due to low concentrations in rocks and minerals, analysis and interpretation are difficult. Therefore, we adapted a fluorometry technique used in aquatic chemistry for use on geologic samples. We compare fluorometry to mass spectrometry and present discussion of the abundance of N in continental crust.
Tim I. Yilmaz, Florian Duschl, and Danilo Di Genova
Solid Earth, 7, 1509–1519, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1509-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1509-2016, 2016
Junyi Zhang, Zihao Bian, Minghong Dai, Lachun Wang, Chunfen Zeng, and Weici Su
Solid Earth, 7, 1259–1268, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1259-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1259-2016, 2016
Johannes Kulenkampff, Abdelhamid Zakhnini, Marion Gründig, and Johanna Lippmann-Pipke
Solid Earth, 7, 1207–1215, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1207-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1207-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Clay is the prominent barrier material in the geosphere, but diffusion of dissolved species is possible. Diffusion parameters are commonly determined on small samples, disregarding heterogeneity. With positron emission tomography (PET), we monitored heterogeneous transport patterns on larger samples. From the time dependence of the spatial tracer distribution, we derived reliable anisotropic diffusion coefficients, and found indications of preferential transport zones.
Johannes Kulenkampff, Marion Gründig, Abdelhamid Zakhnini, and Johanna Lippmann-Pipke
Solid Earth, 7, 1217–1231, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1217-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1217-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Transport processes can be observed with input–output experiments, disregarding the impact of heterogeneities, or they can be modelled, based on structural images. In contrast, positron emission tomography (PET) directly yields the spatio-temporal distribution of tracer concentration. PET benefits from its molecular sensitivity together with a reasonable resolution. We illustrate its use with examples of process monitoring of advection and diffusion processes, and we discuss benefits and limits.
Vincent Breton, Yves Crosaz, and Freddy Rey
Solid Earth, 7, 599–610, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-599-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-599-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the results of two experiments of revegetation techniques in context of water erosion and mountainous Mediterranean climate. We studied the interest of a wood chip amendment, applied on soil surface (mulch), and its interaction with plant development. The use of different plant species and the monitoring on three growing seasons (with climatic variations) allow us to specify the interest of wood chip mulch to improve revegetation especially in erosion and drought conditions.
F. Terribile, A. Agrillo, A. Bonfante, G. Buscemi, M. Colandrea, A. D'Antonio, R. De Mascellis, C. De Michele, G. Langella, P. Manna, L. Marotta, F. A. Mileti, L. Minieri, N. Orefice, S. Valentini, S. Vingiani, and A. Basile
Solid Earth, 6, 903–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-903-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-903-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Here we aim to demonstrate that a dpatial decision support system based on geospatial cyberinfrastructure (GCI) can profitably address many contrasting demands on our landscape concerning agriculture and environment as well as many land degradation problems.
In this paper, we discuss methods and results of a special kind of GCI architecture, highly focused on soil and land conservation, developed in the framework of the SOILCONSWEB LIFE+ project.
A. Mukherjee, A. R. Zimmerman, R. Hamdan, and W. T. Cooper
Solid Earth, 5, 693–704, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-693-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-693-2014, 2014
A. Martínez Cortizas, I. Rozas Muñiz, T. Taboada, M. Toro, I. Granados, S. Giralt, and S. Pla-Rabés
Solid Earth, 5, 651–663, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-651-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-651-2014, 2014
E. G. Nisbet, C. M. R. Fowler, and R. E. R. Nisbet
Solid Earth, 3, 87–96, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-3-87-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-3-87-2012, 2012
P. Skyttä, T. Hermansson, J. Andersson, M. Whitehouse, and P. Weihed
Solid Earth, 2, 205–217, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-205-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-205-2011, 2011
G. F. Davies
Solid Earth, 2, 159–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-159-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-159-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Aiuppa, A., Federico, C., Giudice, G., and Gurrieri, S.: Chemical mapping of a fumarolic field: La Fossa Crater, Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023207, 2005.
Aiuppa, A., Federico, C., Giudice, G., Gurrieri, S., and Valenza, M.: Hydrothermal buffering of the SO2/H2S ratio in volcanic gases: Evidence from La Fossa Crater fumarolic field, Vulcano Island, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21315, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027730, 2006.
Aiuppa, A., Moretti, R., Federico, C., Giudice, G., Gurrieri, S., Liuzzo, M., Papale, P., Shinohara, H., and Valenza, M.: Forecasting Etna eruptions by real-time observation of volcanic gas composition, Geology, 35, 1115–1118, 2007.
Aiuppa, A., Bertagnini, A., Métrich, N., Moretti, R., Di Muro, A., Liuzzo, M., and Tamburello, G.: A model of degassing for Stromboli volcano, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 295, 195–204, 2010.
Aiuppa, A., Tamburello, G., Di Napoli, R., Cardellini, C., Chiodini, G., Giudice, G., Grassa, F., and Pedone, M.: First observations of the fumarolic gas output from a restless caldera: Implications for the current period of unrest (2005–2013) at Campi Flegrei, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 14, 1525–2027, 2013.
Aiuppa, A., Robidoux, P., Tamburello, G., Conde, V., Galle, B., Avard, G., Bagnato, E., De Moor, M., Martinez, M., and Munoz, A.: Gas measurements from the Costa Rica-Nicaragua volcanic segment suggest possible along-arc variations in volcanic gas chemistry, EPSL, 407, 134–147, 2014.
Allard, P., Burton, M., and Muré, F.: Spectroscopic evidence for lava fountain driven by previously accumulated magmatic gas, Nature, 433, 407–410, 2005.
Allard, P., Aiuppa, A., Beauducel, F., Calabrese, S., Di Napoli, R., Gaudin, D., Crispi, O., Parello, F., Hammouya, G., and Tamburello, G.: Steam and gas emission rate from La Soufriere volcano, Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles): implications for the magmatic supply during degassing unrest, Chem. Geol., 384, 76–93, 2014.
Badalamenti, B., Chiodini, G., Cioni, R., Favara, R., Francofonte, S., Gurrieri, S., Hauser, S., Inguaggiato, S., Italiano, F., Magro, G., Nuccio, P. M., Parello, F., Pennisi, M., Romeo, L., Sortino, F., Valenza, M., and Vurro, F.: Special field workshop at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands) during summer 1998: geochemical result, Acta Vulcanol., 1, 223–227, 1991.
Brantley, S. L. and Koepenick, K. W.: Measured carbon dioxide emissions from Oldoinyo Lengai and shewed distribution of passive volcanic fluxes, Geology, 23, 933–936, 1995.
Brusca, L., Inguaggiato, S., Longo, M., Madonia, P., and Maugeri, R.: The 2002-2003 eruption of Stromboli (Italy): Evaluation of the volcano activity by means of continuous monitoring of soil temperature, CO2 flux, and meteorological parameters, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 5, Q12001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000732, 2004.
Burton, M. R., Mader, H. M., and Polacci, M.: The role of gas percolation in quiescent degassing of persistently active basaltic volcanoes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 264, 46–60, 2007.
Burton, M. R., Sawyer, G. M., and Granieri, D.: Deep Carbon Emissions from Volcanoes, Rev. Mineral. Geochem., 75, 323–354, 2013.
Capasso, G., Favara, R., and Inguaggiato, S.: Chemical features and isotopic composition of gaseous manifestations on Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy): an interpretative model of fluid circulation, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 61, 3425–3440, 1997.
Capasso, G., Favara, R., Francofonte, S., and Inguaggiato, S.: Chemical and isotopic variations in fumarolic discharge and thermal waters at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) during 1996: evidence of resumed volcanic activity, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 88, 167–175, 1999.
Carapezza, M. L., Inguaggiato, S., Brusca, L., and Longo, M.: Geochemical precursors of the activity of an open-conduit volcano: The Stromboli 2002-2003 eruptive events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07620, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019614, 2004.
Cardellini, C., Chiodini, G., and Frondini, F.: Application of stochastic simulation to CO2 flux from soil: Mapping and quantification of gas release, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2425, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB002165, 2003.
Chiodini, G., Cioni, R., Marini, L., and Panichi, C.: Origin of the fumarolic fluids of Vulcano Island, Italy and implications for volcanic sorveillance, B. Volcanol., 57, 99–110, 1995.
Chiodini, G., Frondini, F., and Raco, B.: Diffuse emission of CO2 from the Fossa crater, Vulcano Island (Italy), B. Volcanol., 58, 41–50, 1996.
Chiodini, G., Cioni, R., Guidi, M., Raco, B., and Marini, L.: Soil CO2 flux measurements in volcanic and geothermal areas, Appl. Geochem. 13, 543–552, 1998.
Chiodini, G., Todesco, M., Caliro, S., Del Gaudio, C., Macedonio, G., and Russo, M.: Magma degassing as a trigger of bradyseismic events; the case of Phlegrean Fields (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 8, 1434, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL01679, 2003.
Chiodini, G., Granieri, D., Avino, R., Caliro, S., Costa, A., and Werner, C.: Carbon dioxide diffuse deggasing and estimation of heat release from volcanic and hydrothermal systems, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B08204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003542, 2005.
Chiodini, G., Caliro, S., De Martino, P., Avino, R., and Ghepardi, F.: Early signals of new volcanic unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera?, Insights from geochemical data and physical simulations, Geology, 40, 943–946, 2012.
Conde, V., Robidoux, P., Avard, G., Galle, B., Aiuppa, A., Muñoz, A., and Giudice, G.: Measurements of SO2 and CO2 by combining DOAS, Multi-GAS and FTIR: Study cases from Turrialba and Telica volcanoes, Int. J. Earth Sci., in press, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-014-1040-7, 2014.
De Natale, P., Gianfrani, L., De Natale, G., and Cioni, R.: Gas concentration measurements with DFB lasers to monitor volcanic activity SPIE Proceedings Series, Applications of Photonic Technology-3, 3491, 783–787, 1998.
Dominey-Howes, D. and Minos-Minopoulos, D.: Perceptions of hazard and risk on Santorini, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 137, 285–310, 2004.
Druitt, T. H., Edwards, L., Mellors, R. M., Pyle, D. M., Sparks, R. S. J., Lanphere, M., Davies, M., and Barreiro, B.: Santorini Volcano, Memoirs, Geological Society, London, 19, 1–157, 1999.
Favara, R., Giammanco, S., Inguaggiato, S., and Pecoraino, G.: Preliminary estimate of CO2 output from Pantelleria Island volcano (Sicily, Italy): Evidence of active mantle degassing, Appl. Geochem., 16, 883–894, 2001.
Fytikas, M., Kolios, N., and Vougioukalakis, G. E.: Post-Minoan volcanic activity on the Santorini volcano. Volcanic hazard and risk. Forecasting possibilities, in: Thera and the Aegean World III Vol.2, edited by: Hardy, D. A., Keller, J., Galanopoulos, V.P., Flemming, N. C., and Druitt, T. H., The Thera Foundation, London, 183–198, 1990.
Gianfrani, L., Gagliardi, G., Pesce, G., and Sasso, A.: High sensitivity detection of NO2 by using a 740 nm semiconductor diode laser, Appl. Phys., B64, 487–491, 1997a.
Gianfrani, L., Gabrysch, M., Corsi, C., and De Natale, P.: Detection of H2O and CO2 with destributed feedback diode lasers: measurement of broadening coefficients and assessment of the accuracy levels for volcanic monitoring, Appl. Optics, 36, 9481–9486, 1997b.
Gianfrani, L., De Natale, P., and De Natale, G.: Remote sensing of volcanic gases with a DFB-laser-based fiber spectrometer, Appl. Phys. B, 70, 467–470, 2000.
Giggenbach, W. F.: Chemical composition of volcanic gases in Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcanic Hazards, in: Monitoring and mitigation of volcano hazards, edited by Scarpa, R., Tilling, R. I., Springer, Berlin, 221–256, 1996.
Hernández, P. A., Notsu, K., Salazar, J. M., Mori, T., Natale, G., Okada, H., Virgili, G., Shimoike, Y., Sato, M., and Pèrez, N. M.: Carbon dioxide degassing by advective flow from Usu volcano, Japan, Science, 292, 83–86, 2001.
Hilton, D. R., Fisher, T. P., and Marty, B.: Noble gases and volatile recycling at subduction zones, Rev. Mineral. Geochem., 47, 319–370, 2002.
Höskuldsson, Á., Óskarsson, N., Pedersen, R., Grönvold, K., Vogfjör\dh, K., and Ólafsdóttir, R.: The millennium eruption of Hekla in February 2000, B. Volcanol., 70, 169–182, 2007.
Ilyinskaya, E., Aiuppa, A., Bergsson, B., Di Napoli, R., Fridriksson, T., Oladottir, A. A., Oskarsson, F., Grassa, F., Pfeffer, M., Lechner, K., Yeo, R., and Giudice, G.: Degassing regime of Hekla volcano 2012–2013, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., accepted, 2014.
Inguaggiato, S., Martin-Del Pozzo, A. L., Aguayo, A., Capasso, G., and Favara, R.: Isotopic, chemical and dissolved gas constraints on spring water from Popocatépetl (Mexico): Evidence of gas-water interaction magmatic component and shallow fluids, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 141, 91–108, 2005.
Inguaggiato, S., Vita, F., Rouwet, D., Bobrowski, N., Morici, S., and Sollami, A.: Geochemical evidence of the renewal of volcanic activity inferred from CO2 soil and SO2 plume fluxes: The 2007 Stomboli eruption (Italy), B. Volcanol., 73, 443–456, 2011.
Inguaggiato, S., Mazot, A., Diliberto, I. S., Inguaggiato, C., Madonia, P., Rouwet, D., and Vita, F.: Total CO2 output from Vulcano island (Aeolian Islands, Italy), Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 13, Q02012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003920, 2012.
Isaaks, E. H. and Srivastava, R. M.: An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics, Oxford University Press, New York, 561 pp., 1989.
ISMOSAV: Website of the Institute for the Study and Monitoring of the Santorini Volcano, available at: http://ismosav.santorini.net/, 2009.
Larsen, G., Dugmore, A. J., and Newton, A. J.: Geochemistry of historical-age silicic tephras in Iceland, Holocene, 9, 463–471, 1999.
Markússon, S. H. and Stefánsson, A.: Geothermal surface alteration of basalts, Krýsuvík Iceland-alteration mineralogy, water chemistry and the effects of acid supply on the alteration process, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 206, 46–59, 2011.
Marret, R. and Almendinger, R. W.: Estimates of strain due to brittle faulting: Sampling of fault populations, J. Struct. Geol., 13, 735–738, 1991.
Mazot, A., Rouwet, D., Taran, Y., Inguaggiato, S., and Varley, N.: CO2 and He degassing at El Chichón volcano (Chiapas, Mexico): Gas flux, origin, and relationship with local and regional tectonics, B. Volcanol., 73, 423–441, 2011.
McGonigle, A. J. S., Aiuppa, A., Giudice, G., Tamburello, G., Hodson, A. J., and Gurrieri, S.: Unmanned aerial vehicle measurements of volcanic carbon dioxide fluxes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L06303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032508, 2008.
Mori, T., Shinohara, H., Kazahaya, K., Hirabayashi, J., Matsushima, T., Mori, T., Ohwada, M., Odai, M., Iino, H., and Miyashita, M.: Time-averaged SO2 fluxes of subduction-zone volcanoes: Example of a 32-year exhaustive survey for Japanese volcanoes, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 8662–8674, 2013.
Newman, A. V., Stiros, S., Feng, L., Psimoulis, P., Moschas, F., Saltogianni, V., Jiang, Y., Papazachos, C., Panagiotopoulos, D., Karagianni, E., and Vamvakaris, D.: Recent geodetic unrest at Santorini Caldera, Greece, Gephys. Res. Lett., 39, L06309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051286, 2012.
Oppenheimer, C, Lomakina, A., Kyle, P. R., Kingsbury, N. G., and Boichu, M.: Pulsatory magma supply to a phonolite lava lake, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett. 284, 392–398, 2009.
Oppenheimer, C., Moretti, R., Kyle, P. R., Eschenbacher, A., Lowenstern, J. B., Hervig, R. L., and Dunber, N. W.: Mantle to surface degassing of alkalic magmas at Erebus volcano, Antarctica, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 306, 261–271, 2011.
Paonita, A., Favara, R., Nuccio, P. M., and Sortino, F.: Genesis of fumarolic emissions as inferred by isotope mass balances: CO2 and water at Vulcano Island, Italy, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 66, 759–772, 2002.
Paonita, A., Federico, C., Bonfanti, P., Capasso, G., Inguaggiato, S., Italiano, F., Madonia, P., Pecoraino, G., and Sortino, F.: The episodic and abrupt geochemical changes at La Fossa fumaroles (Vulcano Island, Italy) and related constraints on the dynamics, structure, and compositions of the magmatic system, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 120, 158–178, 2013.
Papazachos, B. C., Dimitriadis, S. T., Panagiotopoulos, D. G., Papazachos, C. B., and Papadimitriou, E. E.: Deep structure and active tectonics of the southern Aegean volcanic arc, Dev. Volcano., 7, 47–64, 2005.
Parks, M. M., Biggs, J., England, P., Mather, T. A., Nomikou, P., Palamartchouk, K., Papanikolaou, X., Paradissis, D., Parsons, B., Pyle, D. M., Raptakis, C., and Zacharis, V.: Evolution of Santorini volcano dominated by episodic and rapid fluxes of melt from depth, Nat. Geosci., 5, 749–754, 2012.
Parks, M. M., Caliro, S., Chiodini, G., Pyle, D. M., Mather, T. A., Berlo, K., Edmonds, M., Biggs, J., Nomikou, P., and Raptakis, C.: Distinguishing contributions to diffuse CO2 emissions in volcanic areas from magmatic degassing and thermal decarbonation using soil gas 222Rn–δ13C systematics: Application to Santorini volcano, Greece, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 377–378, 180-190, 2013.
Pecoraino, G., Brusca, L., D'Alessandro, W., Giammanco, S., Inguaggiato, S., and Longo, M.: Total CO2 output from Ischia Island volcano (Italy), Geochem. J., 39, 451–458, 2005.
Pedone, M., Aiuppa, A., Giudice, G., Grassa, F., Cardellini, C., Chiodini, G., and Valenza, M.: Volcanic CO2 flux measurement at Campi Flegrei by Tunable Diode Laser absorption Spectroscopy, B. Volcanol., 76, 812, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-014-0812-z, 2014.
Richter, D., Erdelyi, M., Curl, R. F., Tittel, F. K., Oppenheimer, C., Duffell, H. J., and Burton, M.: Field measurements of volcanic gases using tunable diode laser based mid-infrared and Fourier transform infrared spectrometers, Opt. Laser. Eng., 37, 171–186, 2002.
Shinohara, H.: Volatile flux from subduction zone volcanoes: Insights from a detailed evaluation of the fluxes from volcanoes in Japan, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 268, 46–63, 2013.
Siebert, L. and Simkin, T.: Volcanoes of the World: an Illustrated Catalog of Holocene Volcanoes and their Eruptions, Smithsonian Institution Digital Information Series GVP-3, available at: http://www.volcano.si.edu/list_volcano_holocene.cfm, 2002.
Sigmarsson, O., Condomines, M., and Fourcade, S.: A detailde Th, Sr and O isotope study of Hekla: differentiation processes in an Icelandic volcano, Contrib. Mineral. Petr., 112, 20–34, 1992.
Smithsonian Institution: available at: http://www.volcano.si.edu/data_criteria.cfm, 2013.
Tamburello, G., Kantzas, E. P., McGonigle, A. J. S., Aiuppa, A., and Giudice, G.: UV camera measurements of fumarole field degassing (La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island), J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 199, 47–52, 2011.
Tamburello, G., Hansteen, T. H., Bredemeyer, S., Aiuppa, A., and Giudice, G.: Gas fluxes and compositions of two active volcanoes in Northern Chile: Lascar and Lastarria, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2013, abstract #V31B-2703, 2013.
Tamburello, G., Hansteen, T. H., Bredemeyer, S., Aiuppa, A., and Tassi, F.: Gas emissions from five volcanoes in northern Chile and implications for the volatiles budget of the Central Volcanic Zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 4961–4969, 2014.
Tassi, F., Vaselli, O., Papazachos, C., Giannini, L., Chiodini, G., Vougioukalakis, G. E., Karagianni, E., Vamvakaris, D., and Panagiotopoulos, D.: Geochemical and isotopic changes in the fumarolic and submerged gas discharge during the 2011–2012 unrest at Santorini caldera (Greece), B. Volcanol., 75, 711, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0711-8, 2013.
Thorarinsson, S.: The eruption of Hekla 1947-48, Soc. Sci. Isl., 1–183, 1967.
Thordarson, T. and Larsen, G.: Volcanism in Iceland in historical time: volcano types, eruption styles and eruptive history, The eruption of Hekla 1947–1948, I. The eruption of Hekla in historical times, Atephrochronological study. Visindafelag Islendinga, Reykjavik, J. Geodyn., 43, 118–152, 2007.
Trottier, S., Gunter, W. D., Kadatz, B., Olson, M., and Perkins, E. H.: Atmospheric Monitoring for the Pembina Cardium CO2 Monitoring Project using Open Path Laser Technology, Sci. Dir. Energ. Proc., 1, 2307–2314, 2009.
Tsapanos, T. M., Galanopoulos, D., and Burton, P. W.: Seismicity in the Hellenic Volcanic Arc: relation between seismic parameters and the geophysical fields in the region, Geophys. J. Int., 117, 677–694, 1994.
Tulip, J.: Gas detector, United States Patent, 5637 872 250/338.5, 1997.
Turcotte, D. L.: Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics, Cambridge University Press, 52–64, 1992.
Vougioukalakis, G. E., Mitropoulos, D., Perissoratis, C., Andrinopoulos, A., and Fytikas, M.: The submarine volcanic centre of Coloumbo, Santorini, Greece, Bull. Soc. Geol. Greece XXX, 3, 351–360, 1994.
Werner, C. and Cardellini, C.: Comparison of carbon dioxide emissions with fluid upflow, chemistry, and geologic structures at the Rotorua geothermal system, New Zealand, Geothermics, 35, 221–238, 2006.
Short summary
Here, we present the results of tunable diode laser observations at four quiescent volcanoes: Nea Kameni, Hekla, Krýsuvík, and Vulcano Island, which display a range of fumarolic activity from weak to moderate. This study contributes to better characterising the typical levels of CO2 emission from such feeble volcanic point sources, suggesting that the cumulative contribution from weakly degassing volcanoes may be significant at global scale.
Here, we present the results of tunable diode laser observations at four quiescent volcanoes:...
