Articles | Volume 7, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1059-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1059-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Jul 2016
Research article |
| 15 Jul 2016
4-D imaging of sub-second dynamics in pore-scale processes using real-time synchrotron X-ray tomography
Katherine J. Dobson
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department für
Geo-und Umweltwissenschaften, 80333 München, Germany
now at: Durham University, Department of Earth Sciences, South Road, Durham,
DH1 3LE, UK
Sophia B. Coban
School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
Samuel A. McDonald
School of Materials, University of Manchester,
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
Joanna N. Walsh
School of Materials, University of Manchester,
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
Robert C. Atwood
Diamond Light Source, Harwell Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE,
UK
Philip J. Withers
School of Materials, University of Manchester,
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Laura Stutenbecker, Peter M. E. Tollan, Andrea Madella, and Pierre Lanari
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Christian Stranne, Matt O'Regan, Martin Jakobsson, Volker Brüchert, and Marcelo Ketzer
Solid Earth, 10, 1541–1554, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1541-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1541-2019, 2019
Mahtab Mozafari, Rudy Swennen, Fabrizio Balsamo, Hamdy El Desouky, Fabrizio Storti, and Conxita Taberner
Solid Earth, 10, 1355–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1355-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1355-2019, 2019
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The dolomitized intervals of the Lower Jurassic deposits exposed in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline (Central Apennines, Italy) have been investigated. Accordingly, two fault-related dolomitization events were recognised and interpreted as having occurred before and during the Apenninic orogeny. The analyses suggest significant involvement of evaporitic fluids in both events, most likely derived from the underlying Upper Triassic Burano Formation in the detachment level.
Maximilian Rieder, Wencke Wegner, Monika Horschinegg, Stefanie Klackl, Nereo Preto, Anna Breda, Susanne Gier, Urs Klötzli, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Gernot Arp, and Patrick Meister
Solid Earth, 10, 1243–1267, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1243-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1243-2019, 2019
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The formation of dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), an abundant mineral in Earth's geological record, is still incompletely understood. We studied dolomites embedded in a 100 m thick succession of coastal alluvial clays of Triassic age in the southern Alps. Observation by light microscopy and Sr isotopes suggests that dolomites may spontaneously from concentrated evaporating seawater, in coastal ephemeral lakes or tidal flats along the western margin of the Triassic Tethys sea.
Salomé Mignard, Thierry Mulder, Philippe Martinez, and Thierry Garlan
Solid Earth, 10, 851–869, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-851-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-851-2019, 2019
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A large quantity a continental material is transported to the oceans by the world rivers. Once in the ocean, these particles can be transported down the continental shelf thanks to underwater avalanches. The repetition of such massive events can form very important sedimentary deposits at the continent–ocean transition. Data obtained during an oceanic cruise in 2010 allowed us to study such a system located offshore of Gabon and to evaluate the importance sediment transport in this area.
Sutieng Ho, Martin Hovland, Jean-Philippe Blouet, Andreas Wetzel, Patrice Imbert, and Daniel Carruthers
Solid Earth, 9, 1437–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1437-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1437-2018, 2018
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A newly discovered type of hydrocarbon leakage structure is investigated following the preliminary works of Ho (2013; et al. 2012, 2013, 2016): blade-shaped gas chimneys instead of classical cylindrical ones. These so-called
Linear Chimneysare hydraulic fractures caused by overpressured hydrocarbon fluids breaching cover sediments along preferential directions. These directions are dictated by anisotropic stresses induced by faulting in sediments and pre-existing salt-diapiric structures.
Leandra M. Weydt, Claus-Dieter J. Heldmann, Hans G. Machel, and Ingo Sass
Solid Earth, 9, 953–983, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-953-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-953-2018, 2018
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This study focuses on the assessment of the geothermal potential of two extensive upper Devonian aquifer systems within the Alberta Basin (Canada). Our work provides a first database on geothermal rock properties combined with detailed facies analysis (outcrop and core samples), enabling the identification of preferred zones in the reservoir and thus allowing for a more reliable reservoir prediction. This approach forms the basis for upcoming reservoir studies with a focus on 3-D modelling.
Ernest Chi Fru, Stephanos Kilias, Magnus Ivarsson, Jayne E. Rattray, Katerina Gkika, Iain McDonald, Qian He, and Curt Broman
Solid Earth, 9, 573–598, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-573-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-573-2018, 2018
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Banded iron formations (BIFs) are chemical sediments last seen in the marine sedimentary record ca. 600 million years ago. Here, we report on the formation mechanisms of a modern BIF analog in the Cape Vani sedimentary basin (CVSB) on Milos Island, Greece, demonstrating that rare environmental redox conditions, coupled to submarine hydrothermal activity and microbial processes, are required for these types of rocks to form in the modern marine biosphere.
Annette Kaufhold, Matthias Halisch, Gerhard Zacher, and Stephan Kaufhold
Solid Earth, 7, 1171–1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1171-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1171-2016, 2016
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The OPA material has been intensively studied by a variety of multiple scale and non-destructive 3-D X-ray CT investigations, following a consequent top-down approach to identify specific regions of interest. According to the mechanical experiment, it has been observed that the shear failure is located in a clay-rich area. Within the intersecting area of the two main fractures, a so called mylonitic zone with a particle reduction was observed on the open shear failure using CT and SEM techniques.
Georg H. Grathoff, Markus Peltz, Frieder Enzmann, and Stephan Kaufhold
Solid Earth, 7, 1145–1156, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1145-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1145-2016, 2016
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This study improves our understanding of the evolution of pores in shales for modelling transport properties. 3-D microscopy on early and postmature Posidonia Shales showed similar porosities and pore size distributions. Large isolated pore clusters are within carbonates and clay minerals. Pores form during maturation in the postmature-matrix-filling organic matter. Modelled permeabilities are lowest perpendicular to bedding. They decrease with increasing maturity and are comparable to experimental data.
Steven Henkel, Dieter Pudlo, Frieder Enzmann, Viktor Reitenbach, Daniel Albrecht, Leonhard Ganzer, and Reinhard Gaupp
Solid Earth, 7, 917–927, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-917-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-917-2016, 2016
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This study investigates the experimentally induced effects of CO2 storage on underground reservoir sandstones by applying high-resolution computer tomography and standard petrophysical methods. The results of digital rock physic calculations derived from the µ-CT scans are compared with measurements achieved by the standard methods. Both approaches lead to similar results for coarse- and medium-grained sandstones but differ for fine-grained sediments.
G. A. Douillet, B. Taisne, È Tsang-Hin-Sun, S. K. Müller, U. Kueppers, and D. B. Dingwell
Solid Earth, 6, 553–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-553-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-553-2015, 2015
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Sedimentary beds can exhibit signs of local deformation in pyroclastic strata. Patterns are reviewed and trigger mechanisms interpreted.
During an eruption, basal granular flows can have a fluidized behavior, inducing over- or underpressure at the bed interface. Basal shear can overturn strata. Large blocks ejected ballistically deform the ground when landing. Explosions at the vent produce shock waves that can destabilize a bed. These syn-eruptive triggers are specific to explosive volcanism.
M. Hermoso, D. Delsate, F. Baudin, L. Le Callonnec, F. Minoletti, M. Renard, and A. Faber
Solid Earth, 5, 793–804, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-793-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-793-2014, 2014
A. Raspini
Solid Earth, 3, 225–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-3-225-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-3-225-2012, 2012
J. Trabucho-Alexandre, W. W. Hay, and P. L. de Boer
Solid Earth, 3, 29–42, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-3-29-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-3-29-2012, 2012
F. Storti and F. Balsamo
Solid Earth, 1, 25–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-1-25-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-1-25-2010, 2010
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Short summary
State-of-the-art synchrotron x-ray imaging was used to observe micron scale transport processes in real time. The 20 Hz 3-D image acquisition rates give experimental data free from motion artefacts, and suitable for detailed quantitative analysis of the dynamic fluid distribution, flow pathways and processes. The method marks a major breakthrough in our ability to capture both sub-second and lower frequency non-equilibrium process in many geological or engineering systems.
State-of-the-art synchrotron x-ray imaging was used to observe micron scale transport processes...
