Articles | Volume 14, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1053-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1053-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Oct 2023
Research article |
| 10 Oct 2023
| 10 Oct 2023
A new seismicity catalogue of the eastern Alps using the temporary Swath-D network
Laurens Jan Hofman
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Earth Science Department, Section of Geophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Jörn Kummerow
Earth Science Department, Section of Geophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Simone Cesca
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
A full list of authors appears at the end of the paper.
Related authors
No articles found.
Gesa Maria Petersen, Simone Cesca, Sebastian Heimann, Peter Niemz, Torsten Dahm, Daniela Kühn, Jörn Kummerow, Thomas Plenefisch, and the AlpArray and AlpArray-Swath-D working groups
Solid Earth, 12, 1233–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1233-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1233-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Alpine mountains are known for a complex tectonic history. We shed light onto ongoing tectonic processes by studying rupture mechanisms of small to moderate earthquakes between 2016 and 2019 observed by the temporary AlpArray seismic network. The rupture processes of 75 earthquakes were analyzed, along with past earthquakes and deformation data. Our observations point at variations in the underlying tectonic processes and stress regimes across the Alps.
Camilla Rossi, Francesco Grigoli, Simone Cesca, Sebastian Heimann, Paolo Gasperini, Vala Hjörleifsdóttir, Torsten Dahm, Christopher J. Bean, Stefan Wiemer, Luca Scarabello, Nima Nooshiri, John F. Clinton, Anne Obermann, Kristján Ágústsson, and Thorbjörg Ágústsdóttir
Adv. Geosci., 54, 129–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-129-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-129-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the microseismicity occurred at Hengill area, a complex tectonic and geothermal site, where the origin of earthquakes may be either natural or anthropogenic. We use a very dense broadband seismic monitoring network and apply full-waveform based method for location. Our results and first characterization identified different types of microseismic clusters, which might be associated to either production/injection or the tectonic activity of the geothermal area.
Mohammadreza Jamalreyhani, Pınar Büyükakpınar, Simone Cesca, Torsten Dahm, Henriette Sudhaus, Mehdi Rezapour, Marius Paul Isken, Behnam Maleki Asayesh, and Sebastian Heimann
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2020-55, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2020-55, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We model the source of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.77 Elazığ-Sivrice (Turkey) earthquake using a combination of different data and we analyzed its seismic sequences. This earthquake occurred in the east Anatolian fault and it has filled the large part of the former seismic gap zone. An unbroken part has left after this earthquake and has the potential to host a future earthquake. This work provides information about the fault system and helps to the mitigation of seismic hazard in Southern Turkey.
Marius Kriegerowski, Simone Cesca, Matthias Ohrnberger, Torsten Dahm, and Frank Krüger
Solid Earth, 10, 317–328, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-317-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-317-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method that allows to estimate the acoustic attenuation of seismic waves within regions with high earthquake source densities. Attenuation is of high interest as it allows to draw conclusions on the origin of seismic activity. We apply our method to north-west Bohemia, which is regularly affected by earthquake swarms during which thousands of earthquakes are registered within a few days. We find reduced attenuation within the active volume, which may indicate high fluid content.
Peter Gaebler, Lars Ceranna, Nima Nooshiri, Andreas Barth, Simone Cesca, Michaela Frei, Ilona Grünberg, Gernot Hartmann, Karl Koch, Christoph Pilger, J. Ole Ross, and Torsten Dahm
Solid Earth, 10, 59–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-59-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-59-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
On 3 September 2017 official channels of the Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea announced the successful test of a nuclear device. This study provides a
multi-technology analysis of the 2017 North Korean event and its aftermath using a wide array of geophysical methods (seismology, infrasound, remote sensing, radionuclide monitoring, and atmospheric transport modeling). Our results clearly indicate that the September 2017 North Korean event was in fact a nuclear test.
Related subject area
Subject area: Tectonic plate interactions, magma genesis, and lithosphere deformation at all scales | Editorial team: Seismics, seismology, paleoseismology, geoelectrics, and electromagnetics | Discipline: Seismology
Coda-derived source properties estimated using local earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara, Türkiye
Global seismic energy scaling relationships based on the type of faulting
The 2022 MW 6.0 Gölyaka–Düzce earthquake: an example of a medium-sized earthquake in a fault zone early in its seismic cycle
Two subduction-related heterogeneities beneath the Eastern Alps and the Bohemian Massif imaged by high-resolution P-wave tomography
Basin inversion: reactivated rift structures in the central Ligurian Sea revealed using ocean bottom seismometers
Moho and uppermost mantle structure in the Alpine area from S-to-P converted waves
COVID-19 lockdown effects on the seismic recordings in Central America
Present-day geodynamics of the Western Alps: new insights from earthquake mechanisms
Seismicity and seismotectonics of the Albstadt Shear Zone in the northern Alpine foreland
Seismicity during and after stimulation of a 6.1 km deep enhanced geothermal system in Helsinki, Finland
Seismic gaps and intraplate seismicity around Rodrigues Ridge (Indian Ocean) from time domain array analysis
Rupture-dependent breakdown energy in fault models with thermo-hydro-mechanical processes
Potential influence of overpressurized gas on the induced seismicity in the St. Gallen deep geothermal project (Switzerland)
Seismicity characterization of oceanic earthquakes in the Mexican territory
Seismic waveform tomography of the central and eastern Mediterranean upper mantle
Influence of reservoir geology on seismic response during decameter-scale hydraulic stimulations in crystalline rock
Lithospheric and sublithospheric deformation under the Borborema Province of northeastern Brazil from receiver function harmonic stripping
Induced seismicity in geologic carbon storage
Moment magnitude estimates for central Anatolian earthquakes using coda waves
Event couple spectral ratio Q method for earthquake clusters: application to northwest Bohemia
Berkan Özkan, Tuna Eken, Peter Gaebler, and Tuncay Taymaz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-721, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-721, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study estimates source properties by analyzing seismic data of 303 earthquakes (2018–2020) in Marmara Region, Turkey and finds a strong correlation between Mw-coda and ML. Moreover, the scaled energy increases with seismic moment estimates and shows non-self similar scaling in earthquake sources.
Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez and F. Ramón Zúñiga
Solid Earth, 15, 229–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-229-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-229-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The behavior of seismic energy parameters and their possible dependence on the type of fault for globally detected earthquakes were studied. For this purpose, different energy estimation methods were used. Equations were obtained to convert energies obtained in different ways. The dependence of the seismic energy on the focal mechanism was confirmed up to depths close to 180 km. The results will help to explain the seismic rupture of earthquakes generated at greater depth.
Patricia Martínez-Garzón, Dirk Becker, Jorge Jara, Xiang Chen, Grzegorz Kwiatek, and Marco Bohnhoff
Solid Earth, 14, 1103–1121, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1103-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1103-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the 2022 MW 6.0 Gölyaka sequence. A high-resolution seismicity catalog revealed no spatiotemporal localization and lack of immediate foreshocks. Aftershock distribution suggests the activation of the Karadere and Düzce faults. The preferential energy propagation suggests that the mainshock propagated eastwards, which is in agreement with predictions from models, where the velocity in the two sides of the fault is different.
Jaroslava Plomerová, Helena Žlebčíková, György Hetényi, Luděk Vecsey, Vladislav Babuška, and AlpArray-EASI and AlpArray working
groups
Solid Earth, 13, 251–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present high-resolution tomography images of upper mantle structure beneath the E Alps and the adjacent Bohemian Massif. The northward-dipping lithosphere, imaged down to ∼200 km beneath the E Alps without signs of delamination, is probably formed by a mixture of a fragment of detached European plate and the Adriatic plate subductions. A detached high-velocity anomaly, sub-parallel to and distinct from the E Alps heterogeneity, is imaged at ∼100–200 km beneath the southern part of the BM.
Martin Thorwart, Anke Dannowski, Ingo Grevemeyer, Dietrich Lange, Heidrun Kopp, Florian Petersen, Wayne C. Crawford, Anne Paul, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2553–2571, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2553-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2553-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse broadband ocean bottom seismometer data of the AlpArray OBS network in the Ligurian Basin. Two earthquake clusters with thrust faulting focal mechanisms indicate compression of the rift basin. The locations of seismicity suggest reactivation of pre-existing rift structures and strengthening of crust and uppermost mantle during rifting-related extension. Slightly different striking directions of faults may mimic the anti-clockwise rotation of the Corsica–Sardinia block.
Rainer Kind, Stefan M. Schmid, Xiaohui Yuan, Benjamin Heit, Thomas Meier, and the AlpArray and AlpArray-SWATH-D Working Groups
Solid Earth, 12, 2503–2521, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2503-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2503-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A large amount of new seismic data from the greater Alpine area have been obtained within the AlpArray and SWATH-D projects. S-to-P converted seismic phases from the Moho and from the mantle lithosphere have been processed with a newly developed method. Examples of new observations are a rapid change in Moho depth at 13° E below the Tauern Window from 60 km in the west to 40 km in the east and a second Moho trough along the boundary of the Bohemian Massif towards the Western Carpathians.
Mario Arroyo-Solórzano, Diego Castro-Rojas, Frédérick Massin, Lepolt Linkimer, Ivonne Arroyo, and Robin Yani
Solid Earth, 12, 2127–2144, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first seismic noise variation levels during COVID-19 in Central America using 10 seismometers. We study the impact of the seismic noise reduction on the detectability of earthquakes and on the felt reports. Our results show maximum values (~50 % decrease) at seismic stations near airports and densely inhabited cities. The decrease in seismic noise improved earthquake locations and reports. Seismic noise could also be useful to verify compliance with lockdown measures.
Marguerite Mathey, Christian Sue, Colin Pagani, Stéphane Baize, Andrea Walpersdorf, Thomas Bodin, Laurent Husson, Estelle Hannouz, and Bertrand Potin
Solid Earth, 12, 1661–1681, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1661-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1661-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work features the highest-resolution seismic stress and strain fields available at the present time for the analysis of the active crustal deformation of the Western Alps. In this paper, we address a large dataset of newly computed focal mechanisms from a statistical standpoint, which allows us to suggest a joint control from far-field forces and from buoyancy forces on the present-day deformation of the Western Alps.
Sarah Mader, Joachim R. R. Ritter, Klaus Reicherter, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 1389–1409, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1389-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1389-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Albstadt Shear Zone, SW Germany, is an active rupture zone with sometimes damaging earthquakes but no visible surface structure. To identify its segmentations, geometry, faulting pattern and extension, we analyze the continuous earthquake activity in 2011–2018. We find a segmented N–S-oriented fault zone with mainly horizontal and minor vertical movement along mostly NNE- and some NNW-oriented rupture planes. The main horizontal stress is oriented NW and due to Alpine-related loading.
Maria Leonhardt, Grzegorz Kwiatek, Patricia Martínez-Garzón, Marco Bohnhoff, Tero Saarno, Pekka Heikkinen, and Georg Dresen
Solid Earth, 12, 581–594, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-581-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-581-2021, 2021
Manvendra Singh and Georg Rümpker
Solid Earth, 11, 2557–2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2557-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2557-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Using seismic array methods, 63 events were located in the Rodrigues–CIR region, not reported by any global network, most of them being off the ridge axis. The lack of seismicity along this section of the CIR, as observed from global data and this study, can possibly be attributed to the presence of partially molten mantle beneath Rodrigues Ridge. The results will be of interest for a broad range of geoscientists interested in the tectonic evolution of Indian Ocean and plume–crust interaction.
Valère Lambert and Nadia Lapusta
Solid Earth, 11, 2283–2302, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2283-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2283-2020, 2020
Dominik Zbinden, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Tobias Diehl, and Stefan Wiemer
Solid Earth, 11, 909–933, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-909-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-909-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The deep geothermal project in St. Gallen, Switzerland, aimed at generating electricity and heat. The fluid pumped into the underground caused hundreds of small earthquakes and one larger one felt by the local population. Here we use computer simulations to study the physical processes that led to the earthquakes. We find that gas present in the subsurface could have intensified the seismicity, which may have implications for future geothermal projects conducted in similar geological conditions.
Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez, Víctor Hugo Márquez-Ramírez, and Francisco Ramón Zúñiga
Solid Earth, 11, 791–806, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-791-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-791-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed reported oceanic earthquakes in Mexico. We used data from different agencies. By analyzing the occurrence of earthquakes, we can extract relevant information such as the level of seismic activity, the size of the earthquakes, hypocenter depths, etc. We also studied the focal mechanisms to classify the different types of earthquakes and calculated the stress in the region. The results will be useful to understand the physics of oceanic earthquakes.
Nienke Blom, Alexey Gokhberg, and Andreas Fichtner
Solid Earth, 11, 669–690, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-669-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-669-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a model of the Earth's structure in the upper 500 km beneath the central and eastern Mediterranean. Within this model, we can see parts of the African tectonic plate that have sunk underneath the European plate over the past tens of millions of years. This model was constructed using seismic waveform tomography by matching the seismograms from many earthquakes recorded at the surface to synthetic seismograms that were generated by simulating earthquake wave propagation.
Linus Villiger, Valentin Samuel Gischig, Joseph Doetsch, Hannes Krietsch, Nathan Oliver Dutler, Mohammadreza Jalali, Benoît Valley, Paul Antony Selvadurai, Arnaud Mignan, Katrin Plenkers, Domenico Giardini, Florian Amann, and Stefan Wiemer
Solid Earth, 11, 627–655, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-627-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-627-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Hydraulic stimulation summarizes fracture initiation and reactivation due to high-pressure fluid injection. Several borehole intervals covering intact rock and pre-existing fractures were targets for high-pressure fluid injections within a decameter-scale, crystalline rock volume. The observed induced seismicity strongly depends on the target geology. In addition, the severity of the induced seismicity per experiment counter correlates with the observed transmissivity enhancement.
Gaelle Lamarque and Jordi Julià
Solid Earth, 10, 893–905, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-893-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-893-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our goal is to better understand the evolution of the Earth's outer shell in northeast Brazil. We analyze the propagation properties (anisotropy) of distant seismic waves in order to look for subsurface, large-scale deformation structures. Results show that structures visible at the surface can be traced down to ~100 km depth, that the imprint of the opening of the Atlantic Ocean can be detected along the coast and that the continental interior is anomalous due to a complex deformation history.
Víctor Vilarrasa, Jesus Carrera, Sebastià Olivella, Jonny Rutqvist, and Lyesse Laloui
Solid Earth, 10, 871–892, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-871-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-871-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To meet the goal of the Paris Agreement to limit temperature increase below 2 ºC, geologic carbon storage (GCS) will be necessary at the gigatonne scale. But to successfully deploy GCS, seismicity induced by CO2 injection should be controlled and maintained below a threshold that does not generate nuisances to the population. We conclude that felt induced seismicity can be minimized provided that a proper site characterization, monitoring and pressure management are performed.
Tuna Eken
Solid Earth, 10, 713–723, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-713-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-713-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Proper magnitude estimates for earthquakes can give insight into the seismic energy released at an earthquake source. This is, in fact, essential for better seismic hazard assessments in tectonically active regions. In the present work, I examine local earthquakes in central Anatolia to estimate their moment magnitudes. The main outcome of this study is an empirical relation that can provide a direct physical quantity of seismic energy in the study region.
Marius Kriegerowski, Simone Cesca, Matthias Ohrnberger, Torsten Dahm, and Frank Krüger
Solid Earth, 10, 317–328, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-317-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-317-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method that allows to estimate the acoustic attenuation of seismic waves within regions with high earthquake source densities. Attenuation is of high interest as it allows to draw conclusions on the origin of seismic activity. We apply our method to north-west Bohemia, which is regularly affected by earthquake swarms during which thousands of earthquakes are registered within a few days. We find reduced attenuation within the active volume, which may indicate high fluid content.
Cited articles
Anselmi, M., Govoni, A., De Gori, P., and Chiarabba, C.: Seismicity and
velocity structures along the south-Alpine thrust front of the Venetian Alps
(NE-Italy), Tectonophysics, 513, 37–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.09.023,
2011. a
Aoudia, A., Saraó, A., Bukchin, B., and Suhadolc, P.: The 1976 Friuli (NE
Italy) thrust faulting earthquake: A reappraisal 23 years later, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 27, 573–576, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011071, 2000. a
Bagagli, M., Molinari, I., Diehl, T., Kissling, E., Giardini, D., and Group,
A. W.: The AlpArray Research Seismicity-Catalogue, Geophys. J.
Int., 231, 921–943, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac226, 2022. a
Beaucé, E., Frank, W. B., Paul, A., Campillo, M., and van der Hilst, R. D.:
Systematic Detection of Clustered Seismicity Beneath the Southwestern Alps,
J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 124, 11531–11548,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018110, 2019. a, b, c
Bethoux, N., Ouillon, G., and Nicolas, M.: The instrumental seismicity of the
western Alps: spatio–temporal patterns analysed with the wavelet
transform, Geophys. J. Int., 135, 177–194,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00631.x, 1998. a
Beyreuther, M., Barsch, R., Krischer, L., Megies, T., Behr, Y., and Wassermann,
J.: ObsPy: A Python Toolbox for Seismology, Seismol. Res. Lett.,
81, 530–533, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.3.530, 2010. a
Bleibinhaus, F. and Gebrande, H.: Crustal structure of the Eastern Alps along
the TRANSALP profile from wide-angle seismic tomography, Tectonophysics, 414,
51–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.028, tRANSALP, 2006. a
Blondel, V. D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R., and Lefebvre, E.: Fast
unfolding of communities in large networks, J. Stat. Mech.-Theory E., 2008, P10008,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2008/10/p10008, 2008. a
Bragato, P. L., Comelli, P., Saraò, A., Zuliani, D., Moratto, L., Poggi, V.,
Rossi, G., Scaini, C., Sugan, M., Barnaba, C., Bernardi, P., Bertoni, M.,
Bressan, G., Compagno, A., Del Negro, E., Di Bartolomeo, P., Fabris, P.,
Garbin, M., Grossi, M., Magrin, A., Magrin, E., Pesaresi, D., Petrovic, B.,
Linares, M. P. P., Romanelli, M., Snidarcig, A., Tunini, L., Urban, S.,
Venturini, E., and Parolai, S.: The OGS–Northeastern Italy Seismic and
Deformation Network: Current Status and Outlook, Seismol. Res.
Lett., 92, 1704–1716, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200372, 2021. a
Bressan, G., Gentile, G., Tondi, R., Franco, R. D., and Urban, S.: Sequential
Integrated Inversion of tomographic images and gravity data: an application
to the Friuli area (north-eastern Italy), Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed
applicata, 53, 191–212, 2012. a
Bressan, G., Barnaba, C., Peresan, A., and Rossi, G.: Anatomy of seismicity
clustering from parametric space-time analysis, Phys. Earth
Planet. In., 320, 106787, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2021.106787, 2021. a
Caporali, A., Neubauer, F., Ostini, L., Stangl, G., and Zuliani, D.: Modeling
surface GPS velocities in the Southern and Eastern Alps by finite
dislocations at crustal depths, Tectonophysics, 590, 136–150,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.01.016, 2013. a
Castellarin, A., Nicolich, R., Fantoni, R., Cantelli, L., Sella, M., and Selli,
L.: Structure of the lithosphere beneath the Eastern Alps (southern sector of
the TRANSALP transect), Tectonophysics, 414, 259–282,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.013, 2006. a
Cheloni, D., D'Agostino, N., and Selvaggi, G.: Interseismic coupling, seismic
potential, and earthquake recurrence on the southern front of the Eastern
Alps (NE Italy), J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 119,
4448–4468, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB010954, 2014. a
Chiarabba, C., Jovane, L., and DiStefano, R.: A new view of Italian seismicity
using 20 years of instrumental recordings, Tectonophysics, 395, 251–268,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.09.013, 2005. a
Department Of Earth And Environmental Sciences, Geophysical Observatory,
University Of München: BayernNetz, https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/BW, 2001. a, b
Diehl, T., Husen, S., Kissling, E., and Deichmann, N.: High-resolution 3-D
P-wave model of the Alpine crust, Geophys. J. Int., 179,
1133–1147, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04331.x, 2009. a
Earle, P. S. and Shearer, P. M.: Characterization of global seismograms using
an automatic-picking algorithm, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 84, 366–376, 1994. a
Gibbons, S. J. and Ringdal, F.: The detection of low magnitude seismic events
using array-based waveform correlation, Geophys. J. Int.,
165, 149–166, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02865.x, 2006. a
Gutenberg, B. and Richter, C. F.: Frequency of earthquakes in California*,
B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 34, 185–188,
https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0340040185, 1944. a, b
Handy, M. R., M. Schmid, S., Bousquet, R., Kissling, E., and Bernoulli, D.:
Reconciling plate-tectonic reconstructions of Alpine Tethys with the
geological–geophysical record of spreading and subduction in the Alps,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 102, 121–158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.06.002,
2010. a
Heimann, S., Kriegerowski, M., Isken, M., Cesca, S., Daout, S., Grigoli, F.,
Juretzek, C., Megies, T., Nooshiri, N., Steinberg, A., Sudhaus, H.,
Vasyura-Bathke, H., Willey, T., and Dahm, T.: Pyrocko – An open-source
seismology toolbox and library, GFZ Data Services [code], https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.1.2017.001, 2017. a
Heit, B., Cristiano, L., Haberland, C., Tilmann, F., Pesaresi, D., Jia, Y.,
Hausmann, H., Hemmleb, S., Haxter, M., Zieke, T., Jaeckl, K., Schloemer, A.,
and Weber, M.: The SWATH‐D Seismological Network in the Eastern Alps,
Seismol. Res. Lett., 92, 1592–1609, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200377, 2021. a, b, c
Hetényi, G., Molinari, I., Bokelmann, J. C. G., Bondár, I., Crawford,
W. C., Dessa, J.-X., Doubre, C., Friederich, W., Fuchs, F., Giardini, D.,
Gráczer, Z., Handy, M. R., Herak, M., Jia, Y., Kissling, E., Kopp, H.,
Korn, M., Margheriti, L., Meier, T., Mucciarelli, M., Paul, A., Pesaresi, D.,
Piromallo, C., Plenefisch, T., Plomerová, J., Ritter, J., Rümpker,
G., Šipka, V., Spallarossa, D., Thomas, C., Tilmann, F., Wassermann, J.,
Weber, M., Wéber, Z., Wesztergom, V., and Živčić, M.: The
AlpArray Seismic Network: A Large-Scale European Experiment to Image the
Alpine Orogen., Surv. Geophys., 39, 1009–1033,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-018-9472-4, 2018. a, b, c, d
Hetényi, G., Plomerová, J., Bianchi, I., Kampfová Exnerová, H.,
Bokelmann, G., Handy, M. R., and Babuška, V.: From mountain summits to
roots: Crustal structure of the Eastern Alps and Bohemian Massif along
longitude 13.3° E, Tectonophysics, 744, 239–255,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.07.001, 2018. a
Hofman, L. J., Kummerow, J., Cesca, S., and the AlpArray-Swath-D Working Group:
Seismicity catalogue for the Eastern Alps (Swath-D), GFZ Data Services [data set],
https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2023.024, 2023. a
Hua, Y., Zhao, D., and Xu, Y.: P wave anisotropic tomography of the Alps,
J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 122, 4509–4528,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013831, 2017. a
Hunter, J. D.: Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment, Comput. Sci.
Eng., 9, 90–95, https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55, 2007. a
INGV Seismological Data Centre: Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN),
INGV Seismological Data Centre [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/SD/X0FXNH7QFY, 2006. a, b, c, d
Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS):
North-East Italy Seismic Network, International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN) [data set], https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/OX, 2016. a, b, c, d
Jozi Najafabadi, A., Haberland, C., Ryberg, T., Verwater, V. F., Le Breton, E., Handy, M. R., Weber, M., and the AlpArray and AlpArray SWATH-D working groups: Relocation of earthquakes in the southern and eastern Alps (Austria, Italy) recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network using a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion, Solid Earth, 12, 1087–1109, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1087-2021, 2021. a, b
Jozi Najafabadi, A., Haberland, C., Le Breton, E., Handy, M. R., Verwater,
V. F., Heit, B., Weber, M., and the AlpArray and AlpArray SWATH-D Working
Groups : Constraints on Crustal Structure in the Vicinity of the Adriatic
Indenter (European Alps) From Vp and
Kästle, E. D., El-Sharkawy, A., Boschi, L., Meier, T., Rosenberg, C.,
Bellahsen, N., Cristiano, L., and Weidle, C.: Surface Wave Tomography of the
Alps Using Ambient-Noise and Earthquake Phase Velocity Measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 123, 1770–1792,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014698, 2018. a
Kästle, E. D., Rosenberg, C., Boschi, L., Bellahsen, N., Meier, T., and
El-Sharkawy, A.: Slab break-offs in the Alpine subduction zone, Int.
J. Earth Sci., 109, 587–603, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01821-z,
2020. a, b
Kästle, E. D., Molinari, I., Boschi, L., Kissling, E., , and the AlpArray
Working Group: Azimuthal anisotropy from eikonal tomography: example from
ambient-noise measurements in the AlpArray network, Geophys. J. Int., 229, 151–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab453, 2021. a
Kissling, E. and Schlunegger, F.: Rollback Orogeny Model for the Evolution of
the Swiss Alps, Tectonics, 37, 1097–1115, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004762, 2018. a
Kummerow, J., Kind, R., Oncken, O., Giese, P., Ryberg, T., Wylegalla, K., and
Scherbaum, F.: A natural and controlled source seismic profile through the
Eastern Alps: TRANSALP, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 225, 115–129,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.040, 2004. a
Lippitsch, R., Kissling, E., and Ansorge, J.: Upper mantle structure beneath
the Alpine orogen from high-resolution teleseismic tomography, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 108, 2376,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB002016, 2003. a, b
Lomax, A., Virieux, J., Volant, P., and Berge-Thierry, C.: Probabilistic
Earthquake Location in 3D and Layered Models, Springer
Netherlands, Dordrecht, 101–134, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9536-0_5, 2000. a
Lu, Y., Stehly, L., Brossier, R., Paul, A., and AlpArray Working Group:
Imaging Alpine crust using ambient noise wave-equation tomography,
Geophys. J. Int., 222, 69–85, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa145,
2020. a
Malusà, M. G., Guillot, S., Zhao, L., Paul, A., Solarino, S., Dumont, T.,
Schwartz, S., Aubert, C., Baccheschi, P., Eva, E., Lu, Y., Lyu, C.,
Pondrelli, S., Salimbeni, S., Sun, W., and Yuan, H.: The Deep Structure of
the Alps Based on the CIFALPS Seismic Experiment: A Synthesis, Geochem.
Geophy. Geosy., 22, e2020GC009466, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009466,
2021. a
Met Office: Cartopy: a cartographic python library with a Matplotlib
interface, Exeter, Devon, https://scitools.org.uk/cartopy ( last access: 1 December 2022),
2010–2021. a
Mitterbauer, U., Behm, M., Brückl, E., Lippitsch, R., Guterch, A., Keller,
G. R., Koslovskaya, E., Rumpfhuber, E.-M., and Šumanovac, F.: Shape and
origin of the East-Alpine slab constrained by the ALPASS teleseismic model,
Tectonophysics, 510, 195–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.07.001, 2011. a
Mroczek, S., Tilmann, F., Pleuger, J., Yuan, X., and Heit, B.: Investigating
the Eastern Alpine–Dinaric transition with teleseismic receiver functions:
Evidence for subducted European crust, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
609, 118096, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118096, 2023. a
Newman, M. E. J.: Modularity and community structure in networks, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 8577–8582,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601602103, 2006. a
Nicolas, A., Hirn, A., Nicolich, R., and Polino, R.: Lithospheric wedging in
the western Alps inferred from the ECORS-CROP traverse, Geology, 18,
587–590, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0587:LWITWA>2.3.CO;2, 1990. a
Nicolas, M., Bethoux, N., and Madeddu, B.: Instrumental Seismicity of the
Western Alps: A Revised Catalogue, Pure Appl. Geophys., 152,
707–731, 1998. a
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information: ETOPO 2022 15 Arc-Second
Global Relief Model, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/fd45-gt74, 2022. a
Nouibat, A., Stehly, L., Paul, A., Schwartz, S., Bodin, T., Dumont, T.,
Rolland, Y., Brossier, R., Cifalps Team, and AlpArray Working Group:
Lithospheric transdimensional ambient-noise tomography of W-Europe:
implications for crustal-scale geometry of the W-Alps, Geophys. J. Int., 229, 862–879, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab520, 2021. a
Okuta, R., Unno, Y., Nishino, D., Hido, S., and Loomis, C.: CuPy: A
NumPy-Compatible Library for NVIDIA GPU Calculations, in: Proceedings of
Workshop on Machine Learning Systems (LearningSys) in The Thirty-first Annual
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS),
http://learningsys.org/nips17/assets/papers/paper_16.pdf (last access: 26 January 2022),
2017. a, b
Paffrath, M., Friederich, W., Schmid, S. M., Handy, M. R., and the AlpArray and AlpArray-Swath D Working Group: Imaging structure and geometry of slabs in the greater Alpine area – a P-wave travel-time tomography using AlpArray Seismic Network data, Solid Earth, 12, 2671–2702, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2671-2021, 2021. a
Paul, A.: What we (possibly) know about the 3-D structure of crust and mantle
beneath the Alpine chain, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex, France [preprint], https://hal.science/hal-03747864 (last access: 25 April 2023), 2022. a
Peruzza, L., Garbin, M., Snidarcig, A., Sugan, M., Urban, S., Renner, G.,
Romano, M., et al.: Quarry blasts, underwater explosions, and other dubious
seismic events in NE Italy from 1977 to 2013, B. Geofis. Teor.
Appl., 56, 437–459, 2015. a
Petersen, G. M., Cesca, S., Heimann, S., Niemz, P., Dahm, T., Kühn, D., Kummerow, J., Plenefisch, T., and the AlpArray and AlpArray-Swath-D working groups: Regional centroid moment tensor inversion of small to moderate earthquakes in the Alps using the dense AlpArray seismic network: challenges and seismotectonic insights, Solid Earth, 12, 1233–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1233-2021, 2021. a
Pfiffner, O. A., Frei, W., Valasek, P., Stäuble, M., Levato, L., DuBois, L.,
Schmid, S. M., and Smithson, S. B.: Grustal shortening in the Alpine Orogen:
Results from deep seismic reflection profiling in the eastern Swiss Alps,
Line NFP 20-east, Tectonics, 9, 1327–1355, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC009i006p01327,
1990. a
Piromallo, C. and Morelli, A.: P wave tomography of the mantle under the
Alpine-Mediterranean area, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 108, 2065,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001757, 2003. a
Qorbani, E., Zigone, D., Handy, M. R., Bokelmann, G., and AlpArray-EASI working group: Crustal structures beneath the Eastern and Southern Alps from ambient noise tomography, Solid Earth, 11, 1947–1968, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1947-2020, 2020. a
Reinecker, J. and Lenhardt, W.: Present-day stress field and deformation in
eastern Austria, Int. J. Earth Sci., 88, 532–550,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s005310050283, 1999. a, b
Richter, C. F.: An instrumental earthquake magnitude scale, B.
Seismol. Soc. Am., 25, 1–32, 1935. a
Romano, M. A., Peruzza, L., Garbin, M., Priolo, E., and Picotti, V.:
Microseismic Portrait of the Montello Thrust (Southeastern Alps, Italy) from
a Dense High‐Quality Seismic Network, Seismol. Res. Lett., 90,
1502–1517, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180387, 2019. a
Ross, Z. E., Trugman, D. T., Hauksson, E., and Shearer, P. M.: Searching for
hidden earthquakes in Southern California, Science, 364, 767–771,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw6888, 2019. a, b
Sadeghi-Bagherabadi, A., Vuan, A., Aoudia, A., Parolai, S., , T. A., Group,
A.-S.-D. W., Heit, B., Weber, M., Haberland, C., and Tilmann, F.:
High-Resolution Crustal S-wave Velocity Model and Moho Geometry Beneath the
Southeastern Alps: New Insights From the SWATH-D Experiment, Front.
Earth Sci., 9, 641113, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.641113, 2021. a
Saraò, A., Sugan, M., Bressan, G., Renner, G., and Restivo, A.: A focal mechanism catalogue of earthquakes that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928–2019, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2245–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2245-2021, 2021. a
Schlömer, A., Wassermann, J., Friederich, W., Korn, M., Meier, T., Rümpker,
G., Thomas, C., Tilmann, F., and Ritter, J.: UNIBRA/DSEBRA: The German
Seismological Broadband Array and Its Contribution to AlpArray–Deployment
and Performance, Seismol. Res. Lett., 93, 2077–2095,
https://doi.org/10.1785/0220210287, 2022. a
Schmid, S., Fügenschuh, B., Kissling, E., and Schuster, R.: Tectonic map and
overall architecture of the Alpine orogen, Eclogae Geol. Hel., 97,
93–117, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-004-1113-x, 2004. a, b
Serpelloni, E., Vannucci, G., Anderlini, L., and Bennett, R.: Kinematics,
seismotectonics and seismic potential of the eastern sector of the European
Alps from GPS and seismic deformation data, Tectonophysics, 688, 157–181,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.09.026, 2016. a
Shearer, P. M.: Improving local earthquake locations using the L1 norm and
waveform cross correlation: Application to the Whittier Narrows, California,
aftershock sequence, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 102,
8269–8283, 1997. a
Skoumal, R. J., Brudzinski, M. R., and Currie, B. S.: Distinguishing induced
seismicity from natural seismicity in Ohio: Demonstrating the utility of
waveform template matching, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea.,
120, 6284–6296, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012265, 2015. a
Slejko, D.: What science remains of the 1976 Friuli earthquake?, B.
Geofis. Teor. Appl., 59, 327–350, https://doi.org/10.4430/bgta0224, 2018. a
Swiss Seismological Service (SED) at ETH Zurich: National Seismic Networks
of Switzerland, European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) [data set], https://doi.org/10.12686/sed/networks/ch, 1983. a, b, c, d
TRANSALP Working Group, Gebrande, H., Lüschen, E., Bopp, M., Bleibinhaus,
F., Lammerer, B., Oncken, O., Stiller, M., Kummerow, J., Kind, R., Millahn,
K., Grassl, H., Neubauer, F., Bertelli, L., Borrini, D., Fantoni, R.,
Pessina, C., Sella, M., Castellarin, A., Nicolich, R., Mazzotti, A., and
Bernabini, M.: First deep seismic reflection images of the Eastern Alps
reveal giant crustal wedges and transcrustal ramps, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 92-1–92-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL014911, 2002. a
Ustaszewski, M. and Pfiffner, O. A.: Neotectonic faulting, uplift and
seismicity in the central and western Swiss Alps, Geological Society, London,
Special Publications, 298, 231–249, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP298.12, 2008. a
Van Rossum, G. and Drake Jr., F. L.: Python tutorial, Centrum voor Wiskunde en
Informatica Amsterdam, version 3.9, https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/5007 (last access: 19 October 2022), the Netherlands, 1995. a
Viganò, A., Scafidi, D., Ranalli, G., Martin, S., Della Vedova, B., and
Spallarossa, D.: Earthquake relocations, crustal rheology, and active
deformation in the central–eastern Alps (N Italy), Tectonophysics, 661,
81–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.017, 2015. a, b, c
Vuan, A., Sugan, M., Amati, G., and Kato, A.: Improving the Detection of
Low‐Magnitude Seismicity Preceding the Mw 6.3 L’Aquila Earthquake:
Development of a Scalable Code Based on the Cross Correlation of Template
Earthquakes, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 108,
471–480, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170106, 2018. a
ZAMG-Zentralanstalt Für Meterologie Und Geodynamik: Austrian Seismic
Network, International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN) [data set], https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/OE, 1987. a, b, c
Zhao, L., Paul, A., Guillot, S., Solarino, S., Malusà, M. G., Zheng, T.,
Aubert, C., Salimbeni, S., Dumont, T., Schwartz, S., Zhu, R., and Wang, Q.:
First seismic evidence for continental subduction beneath the Western Alps,
Geology, 43, 815–818, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36833.1, 2015. a
Short summary
We present an earthquake catalogue for the eastern and southern Alps based on data from a local temporary monitoring network. The methods we developed for the detection and localisation focus especially on very small earthquakes. This provides insight into the local geology and tectonics and provides an important base for future research in this part of the Alps.
We present an earthquake catalogue for the eastern and southern Alps based on data from a local...
