Articles | Volume 15, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-567-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-567-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The influence of viscous slab rheology on numerical models of subduction
Tectonics and Geodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
Susanne Buiter
Tectonics and Geodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Zoltán Erdős
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Zoltán Erdős, Susanne J. H. Buiter, and Joya L. Tetreault
Solid Earth, 16, 841–863, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-841-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-841-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We used computer models to study how mountains formed by the collision of tectonic plates can later affect the breakup of these same plates. Our results show that in large, warm mountain belts, new faults form due to the orogen being weak overall, while in smaller, colder belts, breakup follows old fault zones. Microcontinents that were accreted during collision can create new continental fragments during extension. These findings help explain how past geological events shape continent margins.
Denise Degen, Daniel Caviedes Voullième, Susanne Buiter, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, Harry Vereecken, Ana González-Nicolás, and Florian Wellmann
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7375–7409, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7375-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7375-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In geosciences, we often use simulations based on physical laws. These simulations can be computationally expensive, which is a problem if simulations must be performed many times (e.g., to add error bounds). We show how a novel machine learning method helps to reduce simulation time. In comparison to other approaches, which typically only look at the output of a simulation, the method considers physical laws in the simulation itself. The method provides reliable results faster than standard.
Nicolás Molnar and Susanne Buiter
Solid Earth, 14, 213–235, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-213-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-213-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Progression of orogenic wedges over pre-existing extensional structures is common in nature, but deciphering the spatio-temporal evolution of deformation from the geological record remains challenging. Our laboratory experiments provide insights on how horizontal stresses are transferred across a heterogeneous crust, constrain which pre-shortening conditions can either favour or hinder the reactivatation of extensional structures, and explain what implications they have on critical taper theory.
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, Oriol Ferrer, Riccardo Reitano, Michael Rudolf, and Ernst Willingshofer
Solid Earth, 13, 1859–1905, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional tectonic forces after its formation, it may be inverted. A thorough understanding of such
basin inversionis of great importance for scientific, societal, and economic reasons, and analogue tectonic models form a key part of our efforts to study these processes. We review the advances in the field of basin inversion modelling, showing how the modelling results can be applied, and we identify promising venues for future research.
Susanne J. H. Buiter, Sascha Brune, Derek Keir, and Gwenn Peron-Pinvidic
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-139, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Continental rifts can form when and where continents are stretched. Rifts are characterised by faults, sedimentary basins, earthquakes and/or volcanism. If rifting can continue, a rift may break a continent into conjugate margins such as along the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In some cases, however, rifting fails, such as in the West African Rift. We discuss continental rifting from inception to break-up, focussing on the processes at play, and illustrate these with several natural examples.
Hazel Gibson, Sam Illingworth, and Susanne Buiter
Geosci. Commun., 4, 437–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-437-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-437-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the spring of 2020, in response to the escalating global COVID-19 Coronavirus pandemic, the European Geosciences Union (EGU) moved its annual General Assembly online in a matter of weeks. This paper explores the feedback provided by participants who attended this experimental conference and identifies four key themes that emerged from analysis of the survey (connection, engagement, environment, and accessibility). The responses raise important questions about the format of future conferences.
Cited articles
Androvičová, A., Ĉížkovǎ, H., and Van Den Berg, A.: The effects of rheological decoupling on slab deformation in the Earth’s upper mantle, Stud. Geophys. Geod., 57, 460–481, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11200-012-0259-7 2013. a
Arcay, D.: Dynamics of interplate domain in subduction zones: influence of rheological parameters and subducting plate age, Solid Earth, 3, 467–488, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-3-467-2012, 2012. a, b
Behr, W. M., Holt, A. F., Becker, T. W., and Faccenna, C.: The effects of plate interface rheology on subduction kinematics and dynamics, Geophys. J. Int., 230, 796–812, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac075, 2022. a, b
Biemiller, J., Ellis, S., Mizera, M., Little, T., Wallace, L., and Lavier, L.: Tectonic inheritance following failed continental subduction: A model for core complex formation in cold, strong lithosphere, Tectonics, 38, 1742–1763, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018TC005383, 2019. a
Billen, M. I.: Modeling the dynamics of subducting slabs, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 36, 325–356, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124129, 2008. a, b, c, d
Billen, M. I. and Hirth, G.: Rheologic controls on slab dynamics, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 8, Q08012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001597, 2007. a, b, c
Boutelier, D. and Chemenda, A. and Burg, J.-P.: Subduction versus accretion of intra-oceanic volcanic arcs: Insight from thermo-mechanical analogue experiments, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 212, 31–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00239-5, 2003. a, b
Boutelier, D. and Oncken, O.: 3-D thermo-mechanical laboratory modeling of plate-tectonics: modeling scheme, technique and first experiments, Solid Earth, 2, 35–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-35-2011, 2011 a, b
Buiter, S. J. H. and Ellis, S. M.: SULEC: Benchmarking a new ALE finite-element code, Geophys. Res. Abstr., EGU2012-7528, EGU General Assembly 2012, Vienna, Austria, 2012. a
Capitanio, F., Morra, G., and Goes, S.: Dynamic models of downgoing plate-buoyancy driven subduction: Subduction motions and energy dissipation, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 262, 284–297, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.039, 2007. a, b, c, d
Capitanio, F., Morra, G., and Goes, S.: Dynamics of plate bending at the trench and slab-plate coupling, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 10, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002348, 2009. a, b, c
Chemenda, A. I., Burg, J. P., and Mattauer, M.: Evolutionary model of the Himalaya–Tibet system: geopoem: based on new modelling, geological and geophysical data, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 174, 397–409, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00277-0, 2000. a
Chen, Z., Schellart, W., and Duarte, J.: Overriding plate deformation and variability of fore-arc deformation during subduction: insight from geodynamic models and application to the Calabria subduction zone, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 16, 3697–3715, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005958, 2015. a
Conrad, C. P. and Hager, B. H.: Effects of plate bending and fault strength at subduction zones on plate dymanics, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17551–17571, 1999. a
Crameri, F.: Scientific colour maps, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1243862, 2018. a
Culling, W.: Analytical theory of erosion, J. Geol., 68, 336–344, 1960. a
Davies, J. H.: Simple analytical model for subduction zone structure, Geophys. J. Int., 139, 823–828, 1999. a
DiGiuseppe, E., van Hunen, F., Funiciello, F., Faccenna, C., and Giardini, D.: Slab stiffness control of trench motion: Insights from numerical models, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, Q02014, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001776, 2008. a, b
Erdős, Z., Huismans, R. S., Faccenna, C., and Wolf, S. G.: The role of subduction interface and upper plate strength on back-arc extension: Application to Mediterranean back-arc basins, Tectonics, 40, e2021TC006795, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021TC006795, 2021. a, b, c
Faccenna, C., Giardini, D., Davy, P., and Argentieri, A.: Initiation of subduction at Atlantic-type margins; insights from laboratory experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2749–2766, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JB900072, 1999. a
Garel, F., Goes, S., Davies, D. R., Kramer, S. C., and Wilson, C. R.: Interaction of subducted slabs with the mantle transition-zone: A regime diagram from 2-D thermo-mechanical models with a mobile trench and an overriding plate, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 15, 1739–1765, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005257, 2014. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j
Goes, S., Agrusta, R., van Hunen, J., and Garel, F.: Subduction-transition zone interaction: A review, Geosphere, 13, 644–664, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01476.1, 2017. a, b, c
Guyot, P. and Dorn, J. E.: A critical review of the Peierls mechanism, Can. J. Phys., 45, 983–1016, https://doi.org/10.1139/p67-073, 1967. a
Hager, B. H.: Subducted slabs and the geoid: Constraints on mantle rheology and flow, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 6003–6015, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB07p06003, 1984. a
Heuret, A., Funiciello, F., Faccenna, C., and Lallemand, S.: Plate kinematics, slab shape and back-arc stress: A comparison between laboratory models and current subduction zones, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 256, 473–483, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.004, 2007. a
Holt, W. E.: Flow fields within the Tonga Slab determined from the moment tensors of deep earthquakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 989–992, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL00786, 1995. a
Hummel, N. and Erdős, Z.: The influence of slab rheology on numerical models of subduction (code), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8161409, 2023. a
Husson, L., Guillaume, B., Funiciello, F., Faccenna, C., and Royden, L.: Unraveling topography around subduction zones from laboratory models, Tectonophysics, 526, 5–15, 2012. a
Hummel, N., Erdős, Z., and Buiter, S.: Subduction Animations, TIB AV-Portal [video supplement], https://doi.org/10.5446/66853, 2024. a
Karato, S., Riedel, M. R., and Yuen, D. A.: Rheological structure and deformation of subducted slabs in the mantle transition zone: Implications for mantle circulation and deep earthquakes, Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 3994, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(01)00223-0, 2001. a, b, c, d
Khabbaz Ghazian, R. and Buiter, S. J. H.: A numerical investigation of continental collision styles, Geophys. J. Int., 193, 1133–1152, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt068, 2013. a, b, c, d
Kirby, S.: Rheology of the lithosphere, Rev. Geophys., 21, 1458–1487, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG021i006p01458, 1983. a, b
Loiselet, C., Husson, L., and Braun, J.: From longitudinal slab curvature to slab rheology, Geology, 37, 747–750, https://doi.org/10.1130/G30052A.1, 2009. a
Mao, W. and Zhong, S.: Constraints on Mantle Viscosity From Intermediate-Wavelength Geoid Anomalies in Mantle Convection Models With Plate Motion History, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 126, e2020JB02156, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB021561, 2021. a
Pysklywec, R. and Beaumont, C.: Intraplate tectonics: feedback between radioactive thermal weakening and crustal deformation driven by mantle lithosphere instabilities, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 221, 275–292, 2004. a
Qayyum, A., Lom, N., Advokaat, E., Spakman, W., van der Meer, D., and vsn Hinsbergen, D. J. J.: Subduction and slab detachment under moving trenches during ongoing India-Asia convergence, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 23, e2022GC010336, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010336, 2022. a
Quinquis, M. E. T. and Buiter, S. J. H.: Testing the effects of basic numerical implementations of water migration on models of subduction dynamics, Solid Earth, 5, 537–555, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-537-2014, 2014. a, b
Quinquis, M. E. T., Buiter, S. J. H., and Ellis, S.: The role of boundary conditions in numerical models of subduction zone dynamics, Tectonophysics, 497, 57–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2010.11.001, 2011. a
Ranalli, G.: Rheology of the Earth, Springer Book Archive, 2 edn., ISBN 978-0-412-54670-9, 1995. a
Reiner, M.: The Deborah number, Phys. Today, 17, 62, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3051374, 1964. a
Ribe, N.: Bending and stretching of thin viscous sheets, J. Fluid Mech., 433, 135–160, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112000003360, 2001. a, b
Ribe, N.: Bending mechanics and mode selection in free subduction: a thin-sheet analysis, Geophys. J. Int., 180, 559–576, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04460.x, 2010. a, b, c, d
Schellart, W. P.: Kinematics and flow patterns in deep mantle and upper mantle subduction models: influence of the mantle depth and slab to mantle viscosity ratio, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, Q03014, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gc001656, 2008. a
Schellart, W. P. and Strak, V.: A review of analogue modelling of geodynamic processes: Approaches, scaling, materials and quantification, with an application to subduction experiments, J. Geodyn., 100, 7–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2016.03.009, 2016. a
Schenk, O. and Gartner, K.: Solving unsymmetric sparse systems of linear equations with PARDISO, Journal Future Generation Computer Systems, 20, 475–487, 2004. a
Schmeling, H., Babeyko, A. Y., Faccenna, C., Funiciello, F., Gerya, T., Golabek, G. J., Grigull, S., Kaus, B. J. P., Morra, G., and van Hunen, J.: A benchmark comparison of spontaneous subduction models – Towards a free surface, Phys. Earth Planet. In., 171, 198–223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2008.06.028, 2008. a
Stegman, D. R., Farrington, R., Capitanio, F. A., and Schellart, W. P.: A regime diagram for subduction styles from 3-D numerical models of free subduction, Tectonophysics, 483, 29–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.041, 2010. a, b
Tagawa, M., Nakakuki, T., Kameyama, M., and Tajima, F.: The role of history-dependent rheology in plate boundary lubrication for generating one-sided subduction, Pure Appl. Geophys., 164, 879–907, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-007-0197-4, 2007. a, b, c, d
Tetreault, J. L. and Buiter, S. J. H.: Geodynamic models of terrane accretion: Testing the fate of island arcs, oceanic plateaus, and continental fragments in subduction zones, J. Geophys. Res., 117, B08403, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009316, 2012. a, b
Torii, Y. and Yoshioka, S.: Physical conditions producing slab stagnation: Constraints of the Clapeyron slope, mantle viscosity, trench retreat, and dip angles, Tectonophysics, 445, 200–209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.08.003, 2007. a
Turcotte, D. L. and Schubert, G.: Geodynamics, Cambridge University Press, New York, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843877, 2014. a, b
van den Berg, A., van Keken, P., and Yuen, D.: The effects of a composite non-Newtonian and Newtonian rheology on mantle convection, Geophys. J. Int., 115, 62–78, 1993. a
van Hunen, J., Zhong, S., Shapiro, N. M., and Ritzwoller, M. H.: New evidence for dislocation creep from 3-D geodynamic modelling of the Pacific upper mantle structure, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 238, 146–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.006, 2005. a, b
Zhong, S. J., McNamara, A., Tan, E., Moresi, L., and Gurnis, M.: A benchmark study on mantle convection in a 3-D spherical shell using CitcomS, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, Q10017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002048, 2008. a
Short summary
Simulations of subducting tectonic plates often use material properties extrapolated from the behavior of small rock samples in a laboratory to conditions found in the Earth. We explore several typical approaches to simulating these extrapolated material properties and show that they produce very rigid subducting plates with unrealistic dynamics. Our findings imply that subducting plates deform by additional mechanisms that are less commonly implemented in simulations.
Simulations of subducting tectonic plates often use material properties extrapolated from the...