Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-329-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-329-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Precision of continuous GPS velocities from statistical analysis of synthetic time series
Christine Masson
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Géosciences Montpellier, CNRS, University of Montpellier,
Université des Antilles, Montpellier, 34000, France
Stephane Mazzotti
Géosciences Montpellier, CNRS, University of Montpellier,
Université des Antilles, Montpellier, 34000, France
Philippe Vernant
Géosciences Montpellier, CNRS, University of Montpellier,
Université des Antilles, Montpellier, 34000, France
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Christine Masson, Stephane Mazzotti, Philippe Vernant, and Erik Doerflinger
Solid Earth, 10, 1905–1920, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1905-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1905-2019, 2019
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In using dense geodetic networks and large GPS datasets, we are able to extract regionally coherent velocities and deformation rates in France and neighboring western European countries. This analysis is combined with statistical tests on synthetic data to quantify the deformation detection thresholds and significance levels.
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Using novel geophysical datasets, we reassess the slip rate of the Morne Piton fault (Lesser Antilles) at 0.2 mm yr−1 by dividing by four previous estimations and thus increasing the earthquake time recurrence and lowering the associated hazard. We evaluate a plausible magnitude for a potential seismic event of Mw 6.5 ± 0.5. Our multi-segment tsunami model representative of the worst-case scenario gives an overview of tsunami generation if all the fault segments ruptured together.
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New satellite geodetic data (PS-InSAR) evidence a generalized subsidence and an eastward tilting of southeastern Sicily combined with a local relative uplift along its eastern coast. We perform flexural and elastic modeling and show that the slab pull force induced by the Ionian slab roll-back and extrado deformation reproduce the measured surface deformation. Finally, we propose an original seismic cycle model that is mainly driven by the southward migration of the Ionian slab roll-back.
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In the Grands Causses area (Southern France), we study the relationship between the evolution of the river, its incision through time, and the location of the nearby caves. It is commonly accepted that horizontal caves are formed during a period of river stability (no incision) at the elevation of the river. Our original results show that it is wrong in our case study. Therefore, another model of cave formation is proposed that does not rely on direct river control over cave locations.
Oceane Foix, Stéphane Mazzotti, Hervé Jomard, Didier Bertil, and the Lesser Antilles Working Group
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By analyzing historical and instrumental seismic data, fault knowledge and geodetic measurements, we provide a new understanding of seismic hazard in the Lesser Antilles via seismotectonic zoning. We propose new models that can have a significant impact on seismic hazard assessment, such as the inclusion of mantle wedge seismicity, volcanic seismicity and a complete revision of the subduction interface zoning.
Oswald Malcles, Stéphane Mazzotti, Philippe Vernant, and Vincent Godard
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The Armorican region (NW France), is marked by several old coastal and marine markers that are today located several tens of meters above the sea level. This fact is commonly explained by sea-level variations and complex tectonic processes (e.g. mantle dynamic). In this study we test the role of the erosion and the associated flexural (lithospheric bending) response. We show that this simple model of flexural adjustment is to be taken into account to explain the regional evolution.
Juliette Grosset, Stéphane Mazzotti, and Philippe Vernant
Solid Earth, 14, 1067–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1067-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1067-2023, 2023
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In glaciated regions, induced lithosphere deformation is proposed as a key process contributing to fault activity and seismicity. We study the impact of this effect on fault activity in the Western Alps. We show that the response to the last glaciation explains a major part of the geodetic strain rates but does not drive or promote the observed seismicity. Thus, seismic hazard studies in the Western Alps require detailed modeling of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) transient impact.
Juliette Grosset, Stéphane Mazzotti, and Philippe Vernant
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2021-141, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2021-141, 2021
Publication in SE not foreseen
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Glacial Isostatic Adjustment is considered as a major process of seismicity in intraplate regions such as Scandinavia and eastern North America. We show that GIA associated with the alpine icecap induces a present-day response in vertical motion and horizontal deformation seen in GNSS strain rate field. We show that GIA induced stress is opposite to strain rate, with the paradoxical consequence that postglacial rebound in the Western Alps can explain the strain rate field but not the seismicity.
Séverine Liora Furst, Samuel Doucet, Philippe Vernant, Cédric Champollion, and Jean-Louis Carme
Solid Earth, 12, 15–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-15-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-15-2021, 2021
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We develop a two-step methodology combining multiple surface deformation measurements above a salt extraction site (Vauvert, France) in order to overcome the difference in resolution and accuracy. Using this 3-D velocity field, we develop a model to determine the kinematics of the salt layer. The model shows a collapse of the salt layer beneath the exploitation. It also identifies a salt flow from the deepest and most external part of the salt layer towards the center of the exploitation.
Oswald Malcles, Philippe Vernant, Jean Chéry, Pierre Camps, Gaël Cazes, Jean-François Ritz, and David Fink
Solid Earth, 11, 241–258, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-241-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-241-2020, 2020
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We aim to better understand the challenging areas that are the intraplate regions using one example: the southern French Massif Central and its numerous hundreds of meters deep valleys. We apply a multidisciplinary approach there using geomorphology, geochronology, and numerical modeling.
Our dating results show that the canyon incisions are part of the Plio-Quaternary evolution with incision rate of ~ 80 m Ma−1. We propose then that this incision is possible due to an active regional uplift.
Christine Masson, Stephane Mazzotti, Philippe Vernant, and Erik Doerflinger
Solid Earth, 10, 1905–1920, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1905-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1905-2019, 2019
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In using dense geodetic networks and large GPS datasets, we are able to extract regionally coherent velocities and deformation rates in France and neighboring western European countries. This analysis is combined with statistical tests on synthetic data to quantify the deformation detection thresholds and significance levels.
Cédric Champollion, Sabrina Deville, Jean Chéry, Erik Doerflinger, Nicolas Le Moigne, Roger Bayer, Philippe Vernant, and Naomi Mazzilli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3825–3839, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3825-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3825-2018, 2018
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Gravity monitoring at the surface and in situ (in caves) has been conducted in a karst hydro-system in the south of France (Larzac plateau). Subsurface water storage is evidenced with a spatial variability probably associated with lithology differences and confirmed by MRS measurements. Gravity allows transient water storage to be estimated on the seasonal scale.
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Solid Earth, 7, 1349–1363, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1349-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1349-2016, 2016
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We present a new 3-D GPS velocity solution for 182 sites for the region encompassing the Western Alps, Pyrenees. The only significant horizontal deformation (0.2 mm/yr over a distance of 50 km) is a NNE–SSW extension in the western Pyrenees. In contrast, significant uplift rates up to 2 mm/yr occur in the Western Alps but not in the Pyrenees. A correlation between site elevations and fast uplift rates in the Western Alps suggests that part of this uplift is induced by postglacial rebound.
Related subject area
Subject area: The evolving Earth surface | Editorial team: Geodesy, gravity, and geomagnetism | Discipline: Geodesy
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Monitoring surface deformation of deep salt mining in Vauvert (France), combining InSAR and leveling data for multi-source inversion
Estimating ocean tide loading displacements with GPS and GLONASS
The imprints of contemporary mass redistribution on local sea level and vertical land motion observations
Time-lapse gravity and levelling surveys reveal mass loss and ongoing subsidence in the urban subrosion-prone area of Bad Frankenhausen, Germany
Impact of terrestrial reference frame realizations on altimetry satellite orbit quality and global and regional sea level trends: a switch from ITRF2008 to ITRF2014
The glacial isostatic adjustment signal at present day in northern Europe and the British Isles estimated from geodetic observations and geophysical models
Mesay Geletu Gebre and Elias Lewi
Solid Earth, 14, 101–117, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-101-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-101-2023, 2023
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In this work, a gravity inversion method that can produce compact and sharp images is presented. An auto-adaptive regularization parameter estimation method, improved error-weighting function and combined stopping rule are the contributions incorporated into the presented inversion method. The method is tested by synthetic and real gravity data, and the obtained results confirmed the potential practicality of the method.
Francesco Pintori, Enrico Serpelloni, and Adriano Gualandi
Solid Earth, 13, 1541–1567, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1541-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1541-2022, 2022
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We study time-varying vertical deformation signals in the European
Alps by analyzing GNSS position time series. We associate the deformation
signals to geophysical forcing processes, finding that atmospheric and
hydrological loading are by far the most important cause of seasonal
displacements. Recognizing and filtering out non-tectonic signals allows us
to improve the accuracy and precision of the vertical velocities.
Séverine Liora Furst, Samuel Doucet, Philippe Vernant, Cédric Champollion, and Jean-Louis Carme
Solid Earth, 12, 15–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-15-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-15-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a two-step methodology combining multiple surface deformation measurements above a salt extraction site (Vauvert, France) in order to overcome the difference in resolution and accuracy. Using this 3-D velocity field, we develop a model to determine the kinematics of the salt layer. The model shows a collapse of the salt layer beneath the exploitation. It also identifies a salt flow from the deepest and most external part of the salt layer towards the center of the exploitation.
Bogdan Matviichuk, Matt King, and Christopher Watson
Solid Earth, 11, 1849–1863, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1849-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1849-2020, 2020
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The Earth deforms as the weight of ocean mass changes with the tides. GPS has been used to estimate displacements of the Earth at tidal periods and then used to understand the properties of the Earth or to test models of ocean tides. However, there are important inaccuracies in these GPS measurements at major tidal periods. We find that combining GPS and GLONASS gives more accurate results for constituents other than K2 and K1; for these, GLONASS or ambiguity resolved GPS are preferred.
Thomas Frederikse, Felix W. Landerer, and Lambert Caron
Solid Earth, 10, 1971–1987, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1971-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1971-2019, 2019
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Due to ice sheets and glaciers losing mass, and because continents get wetter and drier, a lot of water is redistributed over the Earth's surface. The Earth is not completely rigid but deforms under these changes in the load on top. This deformation affects sea-level observations. With the GRACE satellite mission, we can measure this redistribution of water, and we compute the resulting deformation. We use this computed deformation to improve the accuracy of sea-level observations.
Martin Kobe, Gerald Gabriel, Adelheid Weise, and Detlef Vogel
Solid Earth, 10, 599–619, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-599-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-599-2019, 2019
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Subrosion, i.e. the underground leaching of soluble rocks, causes disastrous sinkhole events worldwide. We investigate the accompanying mass transfer using quarter-yearly time-lapse gravity campaigns over 4 years in the town of Bad Frankenhausen, Germany. After correcting for seasonal soil water content, we find evidence of underground mass loss and attempt to quantify its amount. This is the first study of its kind to prove the feasibility of this approach in an urban area.
Sergei Rudenko, Saskia Esselborn, Tilo Schöne, and Denise Dettmering
Solid Earth, 10, 293–305, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-293-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-293-2019, 2019
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A terrestrial reference frame (TRF) realization is a basis for precise orbit determination of Earth-orbiting artificial satellites and sea level studies. We investigate the impact of a switch from an older TRF realization (ITRF2008) to a new one (ITRF2014) on the quality of orbits of three altimetry satellites (TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2) for 1992–2015, but especially from 2009 onwards, and on altimetry products computed using the satellite orbits derived using ITRF2014.
Karen M. Simon, Riccardo E. M. Riva, Marcel Kleinherenbrink, and Thomas Frederikse
Solid Earth, 9, 777–795, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-777-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-777-2018, 2018
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This study constrains the post-glacial rebound signal in Scandinavia and northern Europe via the combined inversion of prior forward model information with GPS-measured vertical land motion data and GRACE gravity data. The best-fit model for vertical motion rates has a χ2 value of ~ 1 and a maximum uncertainty of 0.3–0.4 mm yr−1. An advantage of inverse models relative to forward models is their ability to estimate formal uncertainties associated with the post-glacial rebound process.
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Short summary
We use statistical analyses of synthetic position time series to estimate the potential precision of GPS velocities. Regression tree analyses show that the main factors controlling the velocity precision are the duration of the series, the presence of offsets, and the noise. Our analysis allows us to propose guidelines which can be applied to actual GPS data that constrain the velocity accuracies.
We use statistical analyses of synthetic position time series to estimate the potential...