Articles | Volume 11, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-397-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-397-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Mar 2020
Research article |
| 30 Mar 2020
| 30 Mar 2020
Uncertainties in break-up markers along the Iberia–Newfoundland margins illustrated by new seismic data
Annabel Causer
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Earth Sciences Department, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham,
TW20 0EX, UK
Lucía Pérez-Díaz
Earth Sciences Department, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham,
TW20 0EX, UK
Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3AN,
UK
Jürgen Adam
Earth Sciences Department, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham,
TW20 0EX, UK
Graeme Eagles
Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und
Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Luigi Massaro, Jürgen Adam, Elham Jonade, Silvia Negrão, and Yasuhiro Yamada
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3116, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3116, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this manuscript, we investigated the kinematics and dynamics of strike-slip damage zones using laboratory mechanical tests and analogue modelling techniques. The results underline the importance of a multi-scale approach (from crustal to outcrop-scale) to improve the understanding of such deformation processes, deriving fundamental correlations with the physical and mechanical properties of the model materials applied in the experiments.
Alice C. Frémand, Peter Fretwell, Julien A. Bodart, Hamish D. Pritchard, Alan Aitken, Jonathan L. Bamber, Robin Bell, Cesidio Bianchi, Robert G. Bingham, Donald D. Blankenship, Gino Casassa, Ginny Catania, Knut Christianson, Howard Conway, Hugh F. J. Corr, Xiangbin Cui, Detlef Damaske, Volkmar Damm, Reinhard Drews, Graeme Eagles, Olaf Eisen, Hannes Eisermann, Fausto Ferraccioli, Elena Field, René Forsberg, Steven Franke, Shuji Fujita, Yonggyu Gim, Vikram Goel, Siva Prasad Gogineni, Jamin Greenbaum, Benjamin Hills, Richard C. A. Hindmarsh, Andrew O. Hoffman, Per Holmlund, Nicholas Holschuh, John W. Holt, Annika N. Horlings, Angelika Humbert, Robert W. Jacobel, Daniela Jansen, Adrian Jenkins, Wilfried Jokat, Tom Jordan, Edward King, Jack Kohler, William Krabill, Mette Kusk Gillespie, Kirsty Langley, Joohan Lee, German Leitchenkov, Carlton Leuschen, Bruce Luyendyk, Joseph MacGregor, Emma MacKie, Kenichi Matsuoka, Mathieu Morlighem, Jérémie Mouginot, Frank O. Nitsche, Yoshifumi Nogi, Ole A. Nost, John Paden, Frank Pattyn, Sergey V. Popov, Eric Rignot, David M. Rippin, Andrés Rivera, Jason Roberts, Neil Ross, Anotonia Ruppel, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Andrew M. Smith, Daniel Steinhage, Michael Studinger, Bo Sun, Ignazio Tabacco, Kirsty Tinto, Stefano Urbini, David Vaughan, Brian C. Welch, Douglas S. Wilson, Duncan A. Young, and Achille Zirizzotti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2695–2710, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the release of over 60 years of ice thickness, bed elevation, and surface elevation data acquired over Antarctica by the international community. These data are a crucial component of the Antarctic Bedmap initiative which aims to produce a new map and datasets of Antarctic ice thickness and bed topography for the international glaciology and geophysical community.
Lucía Pérez-Díaz, Juan Alcalde, and Clare E. Bond
Solid Earth, 11, 889–897, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-889-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-889-2020, 2020
Nanna B. Karlsson, Tobias Binder, Graeme Eagles, Veit Helm, Frank Pattyn, Brice Van Liefferinge, and Olaf Eisen
The Cryosphere, 12, 2413–2424, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2413-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2413-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the probability that the Dome Fuji region in East Antarctica contains ice more than 1.5 Ma old. The retrieval of a continuous ice-core record extending beyond 1 Ma is imperative to understand why the frequency of ice ages changed from 40 to 100 ka approximately 1 Ma ago.
We use a new radar dataset to improve the ice thickness maps, and apply a thermokinematic model to predict basal temperature and age of the ice. Our results indicate several areas of interest.
Related subject area
Subject area: Tectonic plate interactions, magma genesis, and lithosphere deformation at all scales | Editorial team: Structural geology and tectonics, paleoseismology, rock physics, experimental deformation | Discipline: Tectonics
On the role of trans-lithospheric faults in the long-term seismotectonic segmentation of active margins: a case study in the Andes
Along-strike variation in volcanic addition controlling post-breakup sedimentary infill: Pelotas margin, austral South Atlantic
Stress state at faults: the influence of rock stiffness contrast, stress orientation, and ratio
Interseismic and long-term deformation of southeastern Sicily driven by the Ionian slab roll-back
Rift and plume: a discussion on active and passive rifting mechanisms in the Afro-Arabian rift based on synthesis of geophysical data
Propagating rifts: the roles of crustal damage and ascending mantle fluids
Cretaceous–Paleocene extension at the southwestern continental margin of India and opening of the Laccadive basin: constraints from geophysical data
Importance of basement faulting and salt decoupling for the structural evolution of the Fars Arc, Zagros fold-and-thrust belt: A numerical modeling approach
The influence of vertical lithological contrasts on strike-slip fault behavior: Insights from analogue models
Extensional exhumation of cratons: insights from the Early Cretaceous Rio Negro–Juruena belt (Amazonian Craton, Colombia)
Hydrogen solubility of stishovite provides insights into water transportation to the deep Earth
Networks of geometrically coherent faults accommodate Alpine tectonic inversion offshore southwestern Iberia
Melt-enhanced strain localization and phase mixing in a large-scale mantle shear zone (Ronda peridotite, Spain)
Selective inversion of rift basins in lithospheric-scale analogue experiments
The link between Somalian Plate rotation and the East African Rift System: an analogue modelling study
Inversion of extensional basins parallel and oblique to their boundaries: inferences from analogue models and field observations from the Dolomites Indenter, European eastern Southern Alps
Magnetic fabric analyses of basin inversion: a sandbox modelling approach
The influence of crustal strength on rift geometry and development – insights from 3D numerical modelling
Construction of the Ukrainian Carpathian wedge from low-temperature thermochronology and tectono-stratigraphic analysis
Analogue modelling of basin inversion: a review and future perspectives
Insights into the interaction of a shale with CO2
Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Slyne Basin
Control of crustal strength, tectonic inheritance, and stretching/ shortening rates on crustal deformation and basin reactivation: insights from laboratory models
Late Cretaceous–early Palaeogene inversion-related tectonic structures at the northeastern margin of the Bohemian Massif (southwestern Poland and northern Czechia)
The analysis of slip tendency of major tectonic faults in Germany
Earthquake ruptures and topography of the Chilean margin controlled by plate interface deformation
Late Quaternary faulting in the southern Matese (Italy): implications for earthquake potential and slip rate variability in the southern Apennines
Rare earth elements associated with carbonatite–alkaline complexes in western Rajasthan, India: exploration targeting at regional scale
Structural complexities and tectonic barriers controlling recent seismic activity in the Pollino area (Calabria–Lucania, southern Italy) – constraints from stress inversion and 3D fault model building
The Mid Atlantic Appalachian Orogen Traverse: a comparison of virtual and on-location field-based capstone experiences
Chronology of thrust propagation from an updated tectono-sedimentary framework of the Miocene molasse (western Alps)
Orogenic lithosphere and slabs in the greater Alpine area – interpretations based on teleseismic P-wave tomography
Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy
U–Pb dating of middle Eocene–Pliocene multiple tectonic pulses in the Alpine foreland
Detrital zircon provenance record of the Zagros mountain building from the Neotethys obduction to the Arabia–Eurasia collision, NW Zagros fold–thrust belt, Kurdistan region of Iraq
The Subhercynian Basin: an example of an intraplate foreland basin due to a broken plate
Late to post-Variscan basement segmentation and differential exhumation along the SW Bohemian Massif, central Europe
Holocene surface-rupturing earthquakes on the Dinaric Fault System, western Slovenia
Contribution of gravity gliding in salt-bearing rift basins – a new experimental setup for simulating salt tectonics under the influence of sub-salt extension and tilting
Thick- and thin-skinned basin inversion in the Danish Central Graben, North Sea – the role of deep evaporites and basement kinematics
Complex rift patterns, a result of interacting crustal and mantle weaknesses, or multiphase rifting? Insights from analogue models
Interactions of plutons and detachments: a comparison of Aegean and Tyrrhenian granitoids
Insights from elastic thermobarometry into exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks from Syros, Greece
Stress rotation – impact and interaction of rock stiffness and faults
Late Cretaceous to Paleogene exhumation in central Europe – localized inversion vs. large-scale domal uplift
Kinematics and extent of the Piemont–Liguria Basin – implications for subduction processes in the Alps
Effects of basal drag on subduction dynamics from 2D numerical models
Hydrocarbon accumulation in basins with multiple phases of extension and inversion: examples from the Western Desert (Egypt) and the western Black Sea
Long-wavelength late-Miocene thrusting in the north Alpine foreland: implications for late orogenic processes
A reconstruction of Iberia accounting for Western Tethys–North Atlantic kinematics since the late-Permian–Triassic
Gonzalo Yanez C., Jose Piquer R., and Orlando Rivera H.
Solid Earth, 15, 1319–1342, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1319-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1319-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We postulate that the observed spatial distribution of large earthquakes in active convergence zones, organised in segments where large events are repeated every 100–300 years, depends on large-scale continental faults and fluid release from the subducting slab. In order to support this model, we use proxies at different spatial and temporal scales (historic seismicity, megathrust slip solutions, inter-seismic cumulative seismicity, GPS/viscous plate coupling, and coastline morphology).
Marlise C. Cassel, Nick Kusznir, Gianreto Manatschal, and Daniel Sauter
Solid Earth, 15, 1265–1279, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the along-strike variation in volcanics on the Pelotas segment of the Brazilian margin created during continental breakup and formation of the southern South Atlantic. We show that the volume of volcanics strongly controls the amount of space available for post-breakup sedimentation. We also show that breakup varies along-strike from very magma-rich to magma-normal within a relatively short distance of less than 300 km. This is not as expected from a simple mantle plume model.
Moritz O. Ziegler, Robin Seithel, Thomas Niederhuber, Oliver Heidbach, Thomas Kohl, Birgit Müller, Mojtaba Rajabi, Karsten Reiter, and Luisa Röckel
Solid Earth, 15, 1047–1063, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The rotation of the principal stress axes in a fault structure because of a rock stiffness contrast has been investigated for the impact of the ratio of principal stresses, the angle between principal stress axes and fault strike, and the ratio of the rock stiffness contrast. A generic 2D geomechanical model is employed for the systematic investigation of the parameter space.
Amélie Viger, Stéphane Dominguez, Stéphane Mazzotti, Michel Peyret, Maxime Henriquet, Giovanni Barreca, Carmelo Monaco, and Adrien Damon
Solid Earth, 15, 965–988, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-965-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-965-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
New satellite geodetic data (PS-InSAR) evidence a generalized subsidence and an eastward tilting of southeastern Sicily combined with a local relative uplift along its eastern coast. We perform flexural and elastic modeling and show that the slab pull force induced by the Ionian slab roll-back and extrado deformation reproduce the measured surface deformation. Finally, we propose an original seismic cycle model that is mainly driven by the southward migration of the Ionian slab roll-back.
Ran Issachar, Peter Haas, Nico Augustin, and Jörg Ebbing
Solid Earth, 15, 807–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-807-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-807-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this contribution, we explore the causal relationship between the arrival of the Afar plume and the initiation of the Afro-Arabian rift. We mapped the rift architecture in the triple-junction region using geophysical data and reviewed the available geological data. We interpret a progressive development of the plume–rift system and suggest an interaction between active and passive mechanisms in which the plume provided a push force that changed the kinematics of the associated plates.
Folarin Kolawole and Rasheed Ajala
Solid Earth, 15, 747–762, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the upper-crustal structure of the Rukwa–Tanganyika rift zone in East Africa, where the Tanganyika rift interacts with the Rukwa and Mweru-Wantipa rifts, coinciding with abundant seismicity at the rift tips. Seismic velocity structure and patterns of seismicity clustering reveal zones around 10 km deep with anomalously high Vp / Vs ratios at the rift tips, indicative of a localized mechanically weakened crust caused by mantle volatiles and damage associated with bending strain.
Mathews George Gilbert, Parakkal Unnikrishnan, and Munukutla Radhakrishna
Solid Earth, 15, 671–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-671-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-671-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study identifies evidence for extension south of Tellicherry Arch along the southwestern continental margin of India through the integrated analysis of multichannel seismic and gravity data. The sediment deposition pattern indicates that this extension occurred after the Eocene. We further propose that the anticlockwise rotation of India and the passage of the Réunion plume have facilitated the opening of the Laccadive basin.
Fatemeh Gomar, Jonas Bruno Ruh, Mahdi Najafi, and Farhad Sobouti
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1123, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigates the structural evolution of the Fars Arc in the Zagros Mountain by numerical modeling. We focus on the effects of the interaction between basement faults and salt décollement levels during tectonic inversion, including a rifting and a convergence phase. In conclusion, our results emphasize the importance of considering fault geometry, salt rheology, and basement involvement in understanding the resistance to deformation and seismic behavior of fold-thrust belts.
Sandra González-Muñoz, Guido Schreurs, Timothy Schmid, and Fidel Martín-González
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-852, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-852, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the influence of vertical rheological contrasts on the nucleation and behavior of strike-slip faults, using analogue modelling. The introduction of rheological contrasts was achieved using quartz sand and microbeads grains. The study shows how the strike, type and evolution of the faults strongly depend on the characteristic of the lithology and its contact orientation. The results are comparable with the fault systems observed in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula.
Ana Fonseca, Simon Nachtergaele, Amed Bonilla, Stijn Dewaele, and Johan De Grave
Solid Earth, 15, 329–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-329-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-329-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the erosion and exhumation processes and history of early continental crust hidden within the Amazonian Rainforest. This crust forms part of the Amazonian Craton, an ancient continental fragment. Our surprising findings reveal the area underwent rapid early Cretaceous exhumation triggered by tectonic forces. This discovery challenges the traditional perception that cratons are stable and long-lived entities and shows they can deform readily under specific geological contexts.
Mengdan Chen, Changxin Yin, Danling Chen, Long Tian, Liang Liu, and Lei Kang
Solid Earth, 15, 215–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-215-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-215-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Stishovite remains stable under mantle conditions and can incorporate various amounts of water in its crystal structure. We provide a systematic review of previous studies on water in stishovite and propose a new model for water solubility of Al-bearing stishovite. Calculation results based on this model suggest that stishovite may effectively accommodate water from the breakdown of hydrous minerals and could make an important contribution to water enrichment in the mantle transition zone.
Tiago M. Alves
Solid Earth, 15, 39–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-39-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-39-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine tectonic inversion is reviewed for southwestern Iberia, known for its historical earthquakes and tsunamis. High-quality 2D seismic data image 26 faults mapped to a depth exceeding 10 km. Normal faults accommodated important vertical uplift and shortening. They are 100–250 km long and may generate earthquakes with Mw > 8.0. Regions of Late Mesozoic magmatism comprise thickened, harder crust, forming lateral buttresses to compression and promoting the development of fold-and-thrust belts.
Sören Tholen, Jolien Linckens, and Gernold Zulauf
Solid Earth, 14, 1123–1154, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Intense phase mixing with homogeneously distributed secondary phases and irregular grain boundaries and shapes indicates that metasomatism formed the microstructures predominant in the shear zone of the NW Ronda peridotite. Amphibole presence, olivine crystal orientations, and the consistency to the Beni Bousera peridotite (Morocco) point to OH-bearing metasomatism by small fractions of evolved melts. Results confirm a strong link between reactions and localized deformation in the upper mantle.
Anindita Samsu, Weronika Gorczyk, Timothy Chris Schmid, Peter Graham Betts, Alexander Ramsay Cruden, Eleanor Morton, and Fatemeh Amirpoorsaeed
Solid Earth, 14, 909–936, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
When a continent is pulled apart, it breaks and forms a series of depressions called rift basins. These basins lie above weakened crust that is then subject to intense deformation during subsequent tectonic compression. Our analogue experiments show that when a system of basins is squeezed in a direction perpendicular to the main trend of the basins, some basins rise up to form mountains while others do not.
Frank Zwaan and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 14, 823–845, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The East African Rift System (EARS) is a major plate tectonic feature splitting the African continent apart. Understanding the tectonic processes involved is of great importance for societal and economic reasons (natural hazards, resources). Laboratory experiments allow us to simulate these large-scale processes, highlighting the links between rotational plate motion and the overall development of the EARS. These insights are relevant when studying other rift systems around the globe as well.
Anna-Katharina Sieberer, Ernst Willingshofer, Thomas Klotz, Hugo Ortner, and Hannah Pomella
Solid Earth, 14, 647–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through analogue models and field observations, we investigate how inherited platform–basin geometries control strain localisation, style, and orientation of reactivated and new structures during inversion. Our study shows that the style of evolving thrusts and their changes along-strike are controlled by pre-existing rheological discontinuities. The results of this study are relevant for understanding inversion structures in general and for the European eastern Southern Alps in particular.
Thorben Schöfisch, Hemin Koyi, and Bjarne Almqvist
Solid Earth, 14, 447–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A magnetic fabric analysis provides information about the reorientation of magnetic grains and is applied to three sandbox models that simulate different stages of basin inversion. The analysed magnetic fabrics reflect the different developed structures and provide insights into the different deformed stages of basin inversion. It is a first attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses to basin inversion sandbox models but shows the possibility of applying it to such models.
Thomas B. Phillips, John B. Naliboff, Ken J. W. McCaffrey, Sophie Pan, Jeroen van Hunen, and Malte Froemchen
Solid Earth, 14, 369–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Continental crust comprises bodies of varying strength, formed through numerous tectonic events. When subject to extension, these areas produce distinct rift and fault systems. We use 3D models to examine how rifts form above
strongand
weakareas of crust. We find that faults become more developed in weak areas. Faults are initially stopped at the boundaries with stronger areas before eventually breaking through. We relate our model observations to rift systems globally.
Marion Roger, Arjan de Leeuw, Peter van der Beek, Laurent Husson, Edward R. Sobel, Johannes Glodny, and Matthias Bernet
Solid Earth, 14, 153–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study the construction of the Ukrainian Carpathians with LT thermochronology (AFT, AHe, and ZHe) and stratigraphic analysis. QTQt thermal models are combined with burial diagrams to retrieve the timing and magnitude of sedimentary burial, tectonic burial, and subsequent exhumation of the wedge's nappes from 34 to ∼12 Ma. Out-of-sequence thrusting and sediment recycling during wedge building are also identified. This elucidates the evolution of a typical wedge in a roll-back subduction zone.
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, Oriol Ferrer, Riccardo Reitano, Michael Rudolf, and Ernst Willingshofer
Solid Earth, 13, 1859–1905, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional tectonic forces after its formation, it may be inverted. A thorough understanding of such
basin inversionis of great importance for scientific, societal, and economic reasons, and analogue tectonic models form a key part of our efforts to study these processes. We review the advances in the field of basin inversion modelling, showing how the modelling results can be applied, and we identify promising venues for future research.
Eleni Stavropoulou and Lyesse Laloui
Solid Earth, 13, 1823–1841, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Shales are identified as suitable caprock formations for geolocigal CO2 storage thanks to their low permeability. Here, small-sized shale samples are studied under field-representative conditions with X-ray tomography. The geochemical impact of CO2 on calcite-rich zones is for the first time visualised, the role of pre-existing micro-fissures in the CO2 invasion trapping in the matererial is highlighted, and the initiation of micro-cracks when in contact with anhydrous CO2 is demonstrated.
Conor M. O'Sullivan, Conrad J. Childs, Muhammad M. Saqab, John J. Walsh, and Patrick M. Shannon
Solid Earth, 13, 1649–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Slyne Basin is a sedimentary basin located offshore north-western Ireland. It formed through a long and complex evolution involving distinct periods of extension. The basin is subdivided into smaller basins, separated by deep structures related to the ancient Caledonian mountain-building event. These deep structures influence the shape of the basin as it evolves in a relatively unique way, where early faults follow these deep structures, but later faults do not.
Benjamin Guillaume, Guido M. Gianni, Jean-Jacques Kermarrec, and Khaled Bock
Solid Earth, 13, 1393–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Under tectonic forces, the upper part of the crust can break along different types of faults, depending on the orientation of the applied stresses. Using scaled analogue models, we show that the relative magnitude of compressional and extensional forces as well as the presence of inherited structures resulting from previous stages of deformation control the location and type of faults. Our results gives insights into the tectonic evolution of areas showing complex patterns of deformation.
Andrzej Głuszyński and Paweł Aleksandrowski
Solid Earth, 13, 1219–1242, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Old seismic data recently reprocessed with modern software allowed us to study at depth the Late Cretaceous tectonic structures in the Permo-Mesozoic rock sequences in the Sudetes. The structures formed in response to Iberia collision with continental Europe. The NE–SW compression undulated the crystalline basement top and produced folds, faults and joints in the sedimentary cover. Our results are of importance for regional geology and in prospecting for deep thermal waters.
Luisa Röckel, Steffen Ahlers, Birgit Müller, Karsten Reiter, Oliver Heidbach, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, and Frank Schilling
Solid Earth, 13, 1087–1105, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reactivation of tectonic faults can lead to earthquakes and jeopardize underground operations. The reactivation potential is linked to fault properties and the tectonic stress field. We create 3D geometries for major faults in Germany and use stress data from a 3D geomechanical–numerical model to calculate their reactivation potential and compare it to seismic events. The reactivation potential in general is highest for NNE–SSW- and NW–SE-striking faults and strongly depends on the fault dip.
Nadaya Cubas, Philippe Agard, and Roxane Tissandier
Solid Earth, 13, 779–792, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake extent prediction is limited by our poor understanding of slip deficit patterns. From a mechanical analysis applied along the Chilean margin, we show that earthquakes are bounded by extensive plate interface deformation. This deformation promotes stress build-up, leading to earthquake nucleation; earthquakes then propagate along smoothed fault planes and are stopped by heterogeneously distributed deformation. Slip deficit patterns reflect the spatial distribution of this deformation.
Paolo Boncio, Eugenio Auciello, Vincenzo Amato, Pietro Aucelli, Paola Petrosino, Anna C. Tangari, and Brian R. Jicha
Solid Earth, 13, 553–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the Gioia Sannitica normal fault (GF) within the southern Matese fault system (SMF) in southern Apennines (Italy). It is a fault with a long slip history that has experienced recent reactivation or acceleration. Present activity has resulted in late Quaternary fault scarps and Holocene surface faulting. The maximum slip rate is ~ 0.5 mm/yr. Activation of the 11.5 km GF or the entire 30 km SMF can produce up to M 6.2 or M 6.8 earthquakes, respectively.
Malcolm Aranha, Alok Porwal, Manikandan Sundaralingam, Ignacio González-Álvarez, Amber Markan, and Karunakar Rao
Solid Earth, 13, 497–518, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rare earth elements (REEs) are considered critical mineral resources for future industrial growth due to their short supply and rising demand. This study applied an artificial-intelligence-based technique to target potential REE-deposit hosting areas in western Rajasthan, India. Uncertainties associated with the prospective targets were also estimated to aid decision-making. The presented workflow can be applied to similar regions elsewhere to locate potential zones of REE mineralisation.
Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Totaro, Giusy Lavecchia, Barbara Orecchio, Rita de Nardis, Debora Presti, Federica Ferrarini, Simone Bello, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 13, 205–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Pollino region is a highly seismic area of Italy. Increasing the geological knowledge on areas like this contributes to reducing risk and saving lives. We reconstruct the 3D model of the faults which generated the 2010–2014 seismicity integrating geological and seismological data. Appropriate relationships based on the dimensions of the activated faults suggest that they did not fully discharge their seismic potential and could release further significant earthquakes in the near future.
Steven Whitmeyer, Lynn Fichter, Anita Marshall, and Hannah Liddle
Solid Earth, 12, 2803–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Field trips in the Stratigraphy, Structure, Tectonics (SST) course transitioned to a virtual format in Fall 2020, due to the COVID pandemic. Virtual field experiences (VFEs) were developed in web Google Earth and were evaluated in comparison with on-location field trips via an online survey. Students recognized the value of VFEs for revisiting outcrops and noted improved accessibility for students with disabilities. Potential benefits of hybrid field experiences were also indicated.
Amir Kalifi, Philippe Hervé Leloup, Philippe Sorrel, Albert Galy, François Demory, Vincenzo Spina, Bastien Huet, Frédéric Quillévéré, Frédéric Ricciardi, Daniel Michoux, Kilian Lecacheur, Romain Grime, Bernard Pittet, and Jean-Loup Rubino
Solid Earth, 12, 2735–2771, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Molasse deposits, deposited and deformed at the western Alpine front during the Miocene (23 to 5.6 Ma), record the chronology of that deformation. We combine the first precise chronostratigraphy (precision of ∼0.5 Ma) of the Miocene molasse, the reappraisal of the regional structure, and the analysis of growth deformation structures in order to document three tectonic phases and the precise chronology of thrust westward propagation during the second one involving the Belledonne basal thrust.
Mark R. Handy, Stefan M. Schmid, Marcel Paffrath, Wolfgang Friederich, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2633–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
New images from the multi-national AlpArray experiment illuminate the Alps from below. They indicate thick European mantle descending beneath the Alps and forming blobs that are mostly detached from the Alps above. In contrast, the Adriatic mantle in the Alps is much thinner. This difference helps explain the rugged mountains and the abundance of subducted and exhumed units at the core of the Alps. The blobs are stretched remnants of old ocean and its margins that reach down to at least 410 km.
Maurizio Ercoli, Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Pauselli, Harry M. Jol, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 12, 2573–2596, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Past strong earthquakes can produce topographic deformations, often
memorizedin Quaternary sediments, which are typically studied by paleoseismologists through trenching. Using a ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we unveiled possible buried Quaternary faulting in the Mt. Pollino seismic gap region (southern Italy). We aim to contribute to seismic hazard assessment of an area potentially prone to destructive events as well as promote our workflow in similar contexts around the world.
Luca Smeraglia, Nathan Looser, Olivier Fabbri, Flavien Choulet, Marcel Guillong, and Stefano M. Bernasconi
Solid Earth, 12, 2539–2551, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we dated fault movements at geological timescales which uplifted the sedimentary successions of the Jura Mountains from below the sea level up to Earth's surface. To do so, we applied the novel technique of U–Pb geochronology on calcite mineralizations that precipitated on fault surfaces during times of tectonic activity. Our results document a time frame of the tectonic evolution of the Jura Mountains and provide new insight into the broad geological history of the Western Alps.
Renas I. Koshnaw, Fritz Schlunegger, and Daniel F. Stockli
Solid Earth, 12, 2479–2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
As continental plates collide, mountain belts grow. This study investigated the provenance of rocks from the northwestern segment of the Zagros mountain belt to unravel the convergence history of the Arabian and Eurasian plates. Provenance data synthesis and field relationships suggest that the Zagros Mountains developed as a result of the oceanic crust emplacement on the Arabian continental plate, followed by the Arabia–Eurasia collision and later uplift of the broader region.
David Hindle and Jonas Kley
Solid Earth, 12, 2425–2438, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2425-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2425-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Central western Europe underwent a strange episode of lithospheric deformation, resulting in a chain of small mountains that run almost west–east across the continent and that formed in the middle of a tectonic plate, not at its edges as is usually expected. Associated with these mountains, in particular the Harz in central Germany, are marine basins contemporaneous with the mountain growth. We explain how those basins came to be as a result of the mountains bending the adjacent plate.
Andreas Eberts, Hamed Fazlikhani, Wolfgang Bauer, Harald Stollhofen, Helga de Wall, and Gerald Gabriel
Solid Earth, 12, 2277–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2277-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2277-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We combine gravity anomaly and topographic data with observations from thermochronology, metamorphic grades, and the granite inventory to detect patterns of basement block segmentation and differential exhumation along the southwestern Bohemian Massif. Based on our analyses, we introduce a previously unknown tectonic structure termed Cham Fault, which, together with the Pfahl and Danube shear zones, is responsible for the exposure of different crustal levels during late to post-Variscan times.
Christoph Grützner, Simone Aschenbrenner, Petra Jamšek
Rupnik, Klaus Reicherter, Nour Saifelislam, Blaž Vičič, Marko Vrabec, Julian Welte, and Kamil Ustaszewski
Solid Earth, 12, 2211–2234, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2211-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2211-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Several large strike-slip faults in western Slovenia are known to be active, but most of them have not produced strong earthquakes in historical times. In this study we use geomorphology, near-surface geophysics, and fault excavations to show that two of these faults had surface-rupturing earthquakes during the Holocene. Instrumental and historical seismicity data do not capture the strongest events in this area.
Michael Warsitzka, Prokop Závada, Fabian Jähne-Klingberg, and Piotr Krzywiec
Solid Earth, 12, 1987–2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1987-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1987-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A new analogue modelling approach was used to simulate the influence of tectonic extension and tilting of the basin floor on salt tectonics in rift basins. Our results show that downward salt flow and gravity gliding takes place if the flanks of the rift basin are tilted. Thus, extension occurs at the basin margins, which is compensated for by reduced extension and later by shortening in the graben centre. These outcomes improve the reconstruction of salt-related structures in rift basins.
Torsten Hundebøl Hansen, Ole Rønø Clausen, and Katrine Juul Andresen
Solid Earth, 12, 1719–1747, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have analysed the role of deep salt layers during tectonic shortening of a group of sedimentary basins buried below the North Sea. Due to the ability of salt to flow over geological timescales, the salt layers are much weaker than the surrounding rocks during tectonic deformation. Therefore, complex structures formed mainly where salt was present in our study area. Our results align with findings from other basins and experiments, underlining the importance of salt tectonics.
Frank Zwaan, Pauline Chenin, Duncan Erratt, Gianreto Manatschal, and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 12, 1473–1495, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1473-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used laboratory experiments to simulate the early evolution of rift systems, and the influence of structural weaknesses left over from previous tectonic events that can localize new deformation. We find that the orientation and type of such weaknesses can induce complex structures with different orientations during a single phase of rifting, instead of requiring multiple rifting phases. These findings provide a strong incentive to reassess the tectonic history of various natural examples.
Laurent Jolivet, Laurent Arbaret, Laetitia Le Pourhiet, Florent Cheval-Garabédian, Vincent Roche, Aurélien Rabillard, and Loïc Labrousse
Solid Earth, 12, 1357–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Although viscosity of the crust largely exceeds that of magmas, we show, based on the Aegean and Tyrrhenian Miocene syn-kinematic plutons, how the intrusion of granites in extensional contexts is controlled by crustal deformation, from magmatic stage to cold mylonites. We show that a simple numerical setup with partial melting in the lower crust in an extensional context leads to the formation of metamorphic core complexes and low-angle detachments reproducing the observed evolution of plutons.
Miguel Cisneros, Jaime D. Barnes, Whitney M. Behr, Alissa J. Kotowski, Daniel F. Stockli, and Konstantinos Soukis
Solid Earth, 12, 1335–1355, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1335-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1335-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Constraining the conditions at which rocks form is crucial for understanding geologic processes. For years, the conditions under which rocks from Syros, Greece, formed have remained enigmatic; yet these rocks are fundamental for understanding processes occurring at the interface between colliding tectonic plates (subduction zones). Here, we constrain conditions under which these rocks formed and show they were transported to the surface adjacent to the down-going (subducting) tectonic plate.
Karsten Reiter
Solid Earth, 12, 1287–1307, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1287-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1287-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The influence and interaction of elastic material properties (Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio), density and low-friction faults on the resulting far-field stress pattern in the Earth's crust is tested with generic models. A Young's modulus contrast can lead to a significant stress rotation. Discontinuities with low friction in homogeneous models change the stress pattern only slightly, away from the fault. In addition, active discontinuities are able to compensate stress rotation.
Hilmar von Eynatten, Jonas Kley, István Dunkl, Veit-Enno Hoffmann, and Annemarie Simon
Solid Earth, 12, 935–958, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-935-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-935-2021, 2021
Eline Le Breton, Sascha Brune, Kamil Ustaszewski, Sabin Zahirovic, Maria Seton, and R. Dietmar Müller
Solid Earth, 12, 885–913, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-885-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-885-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The former Piemont–Liguria Ocean, which separated Europe from Africa–Adria in the Jurassic, opened as an arm of the central Atlantic. Using plate reconstructions and geodynamic modeling, we show that the ocean reached only 250 km width between Europe and Adria. Moreover, at least 65 % of the lithosphere subducted into the mantle and/or incorporated into the Alps during convergence in Cretaceous and Cenozoic times comprised highly thinned continental crust, while only 35 % was truly oceanic.
Lior Suchoy, Saskia Goes, Benjamin Maunder, Fanny Garel, and Rhodri Davies
Solid Earth, 12, 79–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-79-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-79-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use 2D numerical models to highlight the role of basal drag in subduction force balance. We show that basal drag can significantly affect velocities and evolution in our simulations and suggest an explanation as to why there are no trends in plate velocities with age in the Cenozoic subduction record (which we extracted from recent reconstruction using GPlates). The insights into the role of basal drag will help set up global models of plate dynamics or specific regional subduction models.
William Bosworth and Gábor Tari
Solid Earth, 12, 59–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-59-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-59-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Many of the world's hydrocarbon resources are found in rifted sedimentary basins. Some rifts experience multiple phases of extension and inversion. This results in complicated oil and gas generation, migration, and entrapment histories. We present examples of basins in the Western Desert of Egypt and the western Black Sea that were inverted multiple times, sometimes separated by additional phases of extension. We then discuss how these complex deformation histories impact exploration campaigns.
Samuel Mock, Christoph von Hagke, Fritz Schlunegger, István Dunkl, and Marco Herwegh
Solid Earth, 11, 1823–1847, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1823-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1823-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on thermochronological data, we infer thrusting along-strike the northern rim of the Central Alps between 12–4 Ma. While the lithology influences the pattern of thrusting at the local scale, we observe that thrusting in the foreland is a long-wavelength feature occurring between Lake Geneva and Salzburg. This coincides with the geometry and dynamics of the attached lithospheric slab at depth. Thus, thrusting in the foreland is at least partly linked to changes in slab dynamics.
Paul Angrand, Frédéric Mouthereau, Emmanuel Masini, and Riccardo Asti
Solid Earth, 11, 1313–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1313-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1313-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We study the Iberian plate motion, from the late Permian to middle Cretaceous. During this time interval, two oceanic systems opened. Geological evidence shows that the Iberian domain preserved the propagation of these two rift systems well. We use geological evidence and pre-existing kinematic models to propose a coherent kinematic model of Iberia that considers both the Neotethyan and Atlantic evolutions. Our model shows that the Europe–Iberia plate boundary was made of two rift systems.
Cited articles
Ady, B. E. and Whittaker, R. C.: Examining the influence of tectonic
inheritance on the evolution of the North Atlantic using a palinspastic
deformable plate reconstruction, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 470,
245–263, https://doi.org/10.1144/sp470.9, 2018.
Afilhado, A., Matias, L., Shiobara, H., Hirn, A., Mendes-Victor, L., and
Shimamura, H.: From unthinned continent to ocean: The deep structure of the
West Iberia passive continental margin at 38∘ N, Tectonophysics,
458, 9–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.03.002, 2008.
Alves, T. M. and Cunha, T.: A phase of transient subsidence, sediment bypass
and deposition of regressive–transgressive cycles during the breakup of
Iberia and Newfoundland, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 484, 168–183,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.054, 2018.
Alves, T. M., Manuppella, G., Gawthorpe, R. L., Hunt, D. W., and Monteiro,
J. H.: The depositional evolution of diapir- and fault-bounded rift basins:
Examples from the Lusitanian Basin of West Iberia, Sediment. Geol., 162,
273–303, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(03)00155-6, 2003.
Alves, T. M., Moita, C., Cunha, T., Ullnaess, M., Myklebust, R., Monteiro,
J. H., and Manuppella, G.: Diachronous evolution of late jurassic-cretaceous
continental rifting in the northeast atlantic (west iberian margin),
Tectonics, 28, 1–32, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008TC002337, 2009.
Ball, P., Eagles, G., Ebinger, C., McClay, K., and Totterdell, J.: The
spatial and temporal evolution of strain during the separation of Australia
and Antarctica, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 14, 2771–2799,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20160, 2013.
Barnett-Moore, N., Hosseinpour, M., and Maus, S.: Assessing discrepancies
between previous plate kinematic models of Mesozoic Iberia and their
constraints, Tectonics, 35, 1843–1862,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015TC004019, 2016.
Bodinier, J. L., Dupuy, D., and Dostal, J.: Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Eastern Pyrenean peridotites, Geochi. Cosmochim. Ac., 52, 2893–2907, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90156-1, 1988.
Boillot, G., Grimaud, S., Mauffret, A., Mougenot, D., Kornprobst, J.,
Mergoil-Daniel, J., and Torrent, G.: Ocean-continent boundary off the
Iberian margin: A serpentinite diapir west of the Galicia Bank, Earth
Planet. Sc. Lett., 48, 23–34,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90166-1, 1980.
Boillot, G., Winterer, E. L., and Meyer, A. W.: Introduction, Objectives,
and Principal Results: Ocean Drilling Program Leg 103, West Galicia Margin,
Proc. Ocean Drill. Program, 103, Initial Reports 3–17, College Station, TX,
https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.103.101.1987, 1987.
Boillot, G., Girardeau, J., and Kornprobst, J.: The rifting of the Galicia
margin: crustal thinning and emplacement of mantle rocks on the seafloor,
Proc. Ocean Drill. Program, 103, 741–756,
https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.103.179.1988, 1988.
Boillot, G., Beslier, M. O., Krawczyk, C. M., Rappin, D., and Reston, T. J.: The
formation of passive margins: Constraints from the crustal structure and
segmentation of the deep Galicia margin, Spain, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 90,
71–91, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.04, 1995.
Bronner, A., Sauter, D., Manatschal, G., Péron-Pinvidic, G., and
Munschy, M.: Magmatic beakup as an explanaion for magnetic anomalies at
magma-poor rifed magins, Nat. Phys., 5, 85–85,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1201, 2011.
Bullard, E., Everett, J., and Smith, G. A.: The Fit of the Continents around
the Atlantic, Philos. T. R. Soc. S.-A, 258, 41–51, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1965.0020, 1965.
Cadenas, P., Fernández-Viejo, G., Pulgar, J. A., Tugend, J., Manatschal,
G., and Minshull, T. A.: Constraints Imposed by Rift Inheritance on the
Compressional Reactivation of a Hyperextended Margin: Mapping Rift Domains
in the North Iberian Margin and in the Cantabrian Mountains, Tectonics, 37,
758–785, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016TC004454, 2018.
Cannat, M., Sauter, D., Bezos, A., Meyzen, C., Humler, E., and Le Rigoleur,
M.: Spreading rate, spreading obliquity, and melt supply at the ultraslow
spreading Southwest Indian Ridge, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9,
1–26, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001676, 2008.
Causer, A., Eagles, G., Pérez-Díaz, L., and Adam, J.: Plate kinematic modelling of the Central and North Atlantic Oceans, in preparation, 2020.
Choukroune, P.: Tectonic Evolution of the Pyrenees, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl.
Sc., 20, 143–158, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.20.050192.001043,
1992.
Davy, R. G., Minshull, T. A., Bayrakci, G., Bull, J. M., Klaeschen, D.,
Papenberg, C., Reston, T. J., Sawyer, D. S., and Zelt, C. A.: Continental
hyperextension, mantle exhumation, and thin oceanic crust at the
continent-ocean transition, West Iberia: New insights from wide-angle
seismic, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 121, 767–787,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012352, 2016.
Dean, S. L., Sawyer, D. S., and Morgan, J. K.: Galicia Bank ocean-continent
transition zone: New seismic reflection constraints, Earth Planet. Sc.
Lett., 413, 197–207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.045, 2015.
Dean, S. M., Minshull, T. A., Whitmarsh, R. B., and Louden, K. E.: Deep
structure of the ocean-continent transition in the southern Iberia Abyssal
Plain from seismic refraction profiles: the IAM-9 transect at 40∘20 N, J.
Geophys. Res., 104, 7443–7462, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900301, 2000.
Decarlis, A., Manatschal, G., Haupert, I., and Masini, E.: The
tectono-stratigraphic evolution of distal, hyper-extended magma-poor
conjugate rifted margins: Examples from the Alpine Tethys and
Newfoundland-Iberia, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 68, 54–72,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.08.005, 2015.
Eagles, G., Pérez-Díaz, L., and Scarselli, N.: Getting over
continent ocean boundaries, Earth-Sci. Rev., 151, 244–265,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.10.009, 2015.
Eddy, M. P., Jagoutz, O., and Ibañez-Mejia, M.: Timing of initial
seafloor spreading in the Newfoundland-Iberia rift, Geology, 45, 527–530,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G38766.1, 2017.
Funck, T., Hopper, J. R., Larsen, H. C., Louden, K. E., Tucholke, B. E., and
Holbrook, W.: Crustal structure of the ocean-continent transition at Flemish
Cap: Seismic refraction results, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2531,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002434, 2003.
Gillard, M., Manatschal, G., and Autin, J.: How can asymmetric detachment
faults generate symmetric Ocean Continent Transitions?, Terra Nov., 28,
27–34, https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12183, 2016.
Gong, Z., Langereis, C. G., and Mullender, T. A. T.: The rotation of Iberia
during the Aptian and the opening of the Bay of Biscay, Earth Planet. Sc.
Lett., 273, 80–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.016, 2008.
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M., and Ogg, G. (Eds.): The Geological Time Scale 2012, Vol. 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2011-1-08249-8, 2012.
Greiner, B. and Neugebauer, J.: The rotations opening the Central and
Northern Atlantic Ocean: Compilation, drift lines, and flow lines, Int. J.
Earth Sci., 102, 1357–1376, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-012-0860-6,
2013.
Grimaud, S., Boillot, G., Collette, B. J., Mauffret, A., Miles, P. R., and
Roberts, D. B.: Western extension of the Iberian-European plate boundary
during the Early Cenozoic (Pyrenean) convergence: A new model, Mar. Geol.,
45, 63–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(82)90180-3, 1982.
Grimison, N. L. and Chen, W.: The Azores-Gibraltar Plate Boundary: Focal
mechanisms, depths of earthquakes, and their tectonic implications, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 91,
2029–2047, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB02p02029, 1986.
Handy, M. R., Schmid, S., Bousquet, R., Kissling, E., and Bernoulli, D.:
Reconciling plate-tectonic reconstructions of Alpine Tethys with the
geological-geophysical record of spreading and subduction in the Alps,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 102, 121–158,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.06.002, 2010.
Hansen, D. M., Cartwright, J. A., and Thomas, D.: 3D Seismic Analysis of the
Geometry of Igneous Sills and Sill Junction Relationships, Geol. Soc. Mem.,
29, 199–208, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.2004.029.01.19, 2004.
Jagoutz, O., Müntener, O., Manatschal, G., Rubatto, D.,
Péron-Pinvidic, G., Turrin, B. D., and Villa, I. M.: The rift-to-drift
transition in the North Altantic: A stuttering start of the MORB machine?,
Geology, 35, 1087–1090, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23613A.1, 2007.
Jammes, S., Manatschal, G., Lavier, L., and Masini, E.: Tectonosedimentary
evolution related to extreme crustal thinning ahead of a propagating ocean:
Example of the western Pyrenees, Tectonics, 28, 1–24,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008TC002406, 2009.
Jiménez-Munt, I. and Negredo, A. M.: Neotectonic modelling of the
western part of the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary: From the Mid-Atlantic
ridge to Algeria, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 205, 257–271,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01045-2, 2003.
Jokat, W. and Schmidt-Aursch, M. C.: Geophysical characteristics of the
ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean, Geophys. J. Int., 168,
983–998, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03278.x, 2007.
Keen, C., Hall, B., and Sullivan, K.: Mesozoic evolution of the Newfoundland
Basin, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 37, 307–320,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(77)90176-5, 1977.
Keen, C. E. and de Voogd, B.: The Continent-Ocean Boundary at the rifted
marin off Eastern Canada: New results from deep seismic reflection studies,
Tectonics, 7, 107–124, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC007i001p00107, 1988.
Keen, C. E., Dickie, K., and Dafoe, L. T.: Structural Evolution of the
Rifted Margin off Northern Labrador: The Role of Hyperextension and
Magmatism, Tectonics, 37, 1955–1972, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017TC004924,
2018.
Keir, D., Bastow, I. D., Whaler, K. A., Daly, E., Cornwell, D. G., and
Hautot, S.: Lower crustal earthquakes near the Ethiopian rift induced by
magmatic processes, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 10, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002382, 2009.
Klitgord, K. D. and Schouten, H.: Plate kinematics of the central Atlantic, in: The Western North Atlantic Region, edited by: Vogt, P. R. and Tucholke, B. E., Geol. Soc. Am., https://doi.org/10.1130/DNAG-GNA-M.351, 1986.
Labails, C., Olivet, J.-L., Aslanian, D., and Roest, W. R.: An alternative early opening scenario for the Central Atlantic Ocean, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 297, 355–368, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.024, 2010.
Lagabrielle, Y. and Bodinier, J. L.: Submarine reworking of exhumed
subcontinental mantle rocks: Field evidence from the Lherz peridotites,
French Pyrenees, Terra Nov., 20, 11–21,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2007.00781.x, 2008.
Lagabrielle, Y., Labaume, P., and De Saint Blanquat, M.: Mantle exhumation,
crustal denudation, and gravity tectonics during Cretaceous rifting in the
Pyrenean realm (SW Europe): Insights from the geological setting of the
lherzolite bodies, Tectonics, 29, 1–26,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009TC002588, 2010.
Le Pichon, X. and Sibuet, J.: Western extension and boundary between
European and Iberian Plates during the Pyrenean Orogeny, Earth Planet. Sc.
Lett., 12, 83–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(71)90058-6, 1971.
Levi, S. and Riddihough, R.: Why are marine magnetic anomalies suppressed
over sedimented spreading centers?, Geology, 14, 651–654,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<651:WAMMAS>2.0.CO;2, 1986.
Lister, G. S., Etheridge, M. A., and Symonds, P. A.: Detachment
faulting and the evolution of passive continental margins, Geology, 14,
246–250, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<246:DFATEO>2.0.CO;2, 1986.
Macchiavelli, C., Vergés, J., Schettino, A., Fernàndez, M., Turco,
E., Casciello, E., Torne, M., Pierantoni, P. P., and Tunini, L.: A New
Southern North Atlantic Isochron Map: Insights Into the Drift of the Iberian
Plate Since the Late Cretaceous, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 122,
9603–9626, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014769, 2017.
Magee, C., Hunt-Stewart, E., and Jackson, C. A.-L.: Volcano growth mechanisms and the roll of sub-volcanic intrusions: Insights from 2D seismic reflection data, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 373, 41–53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.04.041, 2013.
Malod, J. A. and Mauffret, A.: Iberian plate motions during the Mesozoic,
Tectonophysics, 184, 261–278, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90443-C,
1990.
Manatschal, G. and Bernoulli, D.: Rifting and early evolution of ancient
ocean basins: The record of the Mesozoic Tethys and of the
Galicia-Newfoundland margins, Mar. Geophys. Res., 20, 371–381,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004459106686, 1998.
Manatschal, G. and Bernoulli, D.: Architecture and tectonic evolution of
nonvolcanic margins: Present-day Galicia and ancient Adria, Tectonics, 18,
1099–1119, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999TC900041, 1999.
Manatschal, G., Froitzheim, N., Rubenach, M., and Turrin, B. D.: The role of
detachment faulting in the formation of an ocean-continent transition:
insights from the Iberia Abyssal Plain, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 187,
405–428, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2001.187.01.20, 2001.
Manspeizer, W.: Triassic – Jurassic rifting and opening of the Atlantic: An
overview, Developments in Geotectonics, 22, 41–79,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-42903-2.50008-7, 1988.
Masini, E., Manatschal, G., Tugend, J., Mohn, G., and Flament, J.-M.: The
tectono-sedimentary evolution of a hyper-extended rift basin: The example of
the Arzacq-Mauléon rift system (Western Pyrenees, SW France), Int. J.
Earth Sci., 103, 1569–1596, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-014-1023-8,
2014.
Masson, D. G. and Miles, P. R.: Mesozoic seafloor spreading between Iberia,
Europe and North America, Mar. Geol., 56, 279–287,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(84)90019-7, 1984.
Matthews, D. H. and Williams, C. A.: Linear Magnetic Anomalies in the Bay of
Biscay?: A Qualitative Interpretation, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 4,
315–320, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(68)90094-0, 1968.
Mauffret, A. and Montadert, L.: Rift tectonics on the passive continental
margin off Galicia (Spain), Mar. Petrol. Geol., 4, 49–70,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(87)90021-3, 1987.
Mauffret, A., Mougenot, D., Miles, P. R., and Malod, J. A.: Cenozoic
deformation and Mesozoic abandoned spreading centre in the Tagus Abyssal
Plain (west of Portugal): results of a multichannel seismic survey, Can. J.
Earth Sci., 26, 1101–1123, https://doi.org/10.1139/e89-095, 1989.
McClay, K., Munoz, J. A., and García-Senz, J.: Extensional salt
tectonics in a contractional orogen: A newly identified tectonic event in
the Spanish Pyrenees, Geology, 32, 737–740,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G20565.1, 2004.
Minshull, T. A., Dean, S. M., Whitmarsh, R. B., Russell, S. M., Louden, K.
E., and Chian, D.: Deep structured the vicinity of the ocean-continent
transition zone under the southern Iberia Abyssal Plain, Geology, 26,
743–746, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0743:DSITVO>2.3.CO;2, 1998.
Mohn, G., Manatschal, G., Beltrando, M., Masini, E., and Kusznir, N.:
Necking of continental crust in magma-poor rifted margins: Evidence from the
fossil Alpine Tethys margins, Tectonics, 31, 1–28,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011TC002961, 2012.
Müller, R. D., Roest, W. R., Royer, J.-Y., Gahagan, L. M., and Sclater,
J. G.: Digital isochrons of the world's ocean floor, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 102, 3211–3214, https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb01781, 1997.
Müller, R. D., Sdrolias, M., Gaina, C., Roest, and W. R.: Age,
spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world's ocean crust,
Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, 1–19,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001743, 2008.
Müller, R. D., Zahirovic, S., Williams, S. E., Cannon, J., Seton, M.,
Bower, D. J., Tetley, M. G., Heine, C., Le Breton, E., Liu, S., Russell, S.
H. J., Yang, T., Leonard, J., and Gurnis, M.: A Global Plate Model Including
Lithospheric Deformation Along Major Rifts and Orogens Since the Triassic,
Tectonics, 38, 1884–1907, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018TC005462, 2019.
Muñoz, J. A.: The Pyrenees, in: The geology of Spain, edited by: Gibbons, W. and Moreno, T., Geol. Soc. London, 370–385, 2002.
Neves, M. C., Terrinha, P., Afilhado, A., Moulin, M., Matias, L., and Rosas, F.:
Response of a multi-domain continental margin to compression: Study from
seismic reflection-refraction and numerical modelling in the Tagus Abyssal
Plain, Tectonophysics, 468, 113–130,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.05.008, 2009.
Nirrengarten, M., Manatschal, G., Tugend, J., Kusznir, N. J., and Sauter,
D.: Nature and origin of the J-magnetic anomaly offshore
Iberia–Newfoundland: implications for plate reconstructions, Terra Nov.,
29, 20–28, https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12240, 2017.
Nirrengarten, M., Manatschal, G., Tugend, J., Kusznir, N., and Sauter, D.:
Kinematic Evolution of the Southern North Atlantic: Implications for the
Formation of Hyperextended Rift Systems, Tectonics, 37, 89–118,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004495, 2018.
Olivet, J. L.: Kinematics of the Iberian Plate, Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration – Production Elf Aquitaine, 20, 131–195, 1996.
Olivet, J. L., Bonnin, J., Beuzart, P., and Auzende, J.-M.: Cinématique
de l'Atlantique Nord et Central, Publ. du C.N.E.X.O. Série Rapports
Sci. Tech., 54, 1–108, 1984.
Peace, A. L., Welford, J. K., Ball, P. J., and Nirrengarten, M.: Deformable
plate tectonic models of the southern North Atlantic, J. Geodyn., 128,
11–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2019.05.005, 2019.
Peirce, C. and Barton, P.: Crustal structure of the Madeira–Tore Rise,
eastern North Atlantic – results of a DOBS wide-angle and normal incidence
seismic experiment in the Josephine Seamount region, Geophys. J. Int., 106,
357–378, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb03898.x, 1991.
Pereira, R. and Alves, T. M.: Margin segmentation prior to continental break-up: A seismic-stratigraphic record of multiphased rifting in the North Atlantic (Southwest Iberia), Tectonophysics, 505, 17–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.03.011, 2011.
Pérez-Gussinyé, M. and Reston, T. J.: Rheological evolution during
extension at nonvolcanic rifted margins: Onset of serpentinization and
development of detachments leading to continental breakup, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 106, 3961–3975,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900325, 2001.
Péron-Pinvidic, G. and Manatschal, G.: The final rifting evolution at
deep magma-poor passive margins from Iberia-Newfoundland: A new point of
view, Int. J. Earth Sci., 98, 1581–1597,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0337-9, 2009.
Péron-Pinvidic, G., Manatschal, G., Minshull, T. A., and Sawyer, D. S.:
Tectonosedimentary evolution of the deep Iberia-Newfoundland margins:
Evidence for a complex breakup history, Tectonics, 26, 1–19,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006TC001970, 2007.
Pinheiro, L. M., Whitmarsh, R. B., and Miles, P. R.: The ocean-continental
boundary off the western continental continental margin of Iberia – II.
Crustal structure in the Tagus Abyssal Plain, Geophys. J. Int., 109,
106–124, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00082.x, 1992.
Pinheiro, L. M., Wilson, R. C., Pena dos Reis, R., Whitmarsh, R. B., and
Ribeiro, A.: The Western Iberia Margin: a Geophysical and Geological
Overview, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program, Sci. Results, 149, 3–23, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.149.246.1996, 1996.
Pitman, W. C. and Talwani, M.: Sea-Floor Spreading in the North Atlantic,
Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 83, 619–646,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[619:SSITNA]2.0.CO;2, 1972.
Planke, S., Rasmussen, T., Rey, S. S., and Myklebust, R.: Seismic
characteristics and distribution of volcanic intrusions and hydrothermal
vent complexes in the Vøring and Møre basins, Pet. Geol. North-west
Eur., 6, 833–844, https://doi.org/10.1144/0060833, 2005.
Rabinowitz, P., Cande, S., Hayes, D., Gradstein, F., Grant, A., and Jansa,
L.: Grand Banks and J-Anomaly Ridge, Science, 323, 721–723,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.202.4363.71, 1978.
Reid, I. D.: Crustal structure of a nonvolcanic rifted margin east of
Newfoundland, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15161–15180,
https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB00935, 1994.
Reston, T. J.: The formation of non-volcanic rifted margins by the
progressive extension of the lithosphere: the example of the West Iberian
margin, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 282, 77–110,
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP282.5, 2007.
Reston, T. J. and Morgan, J. P.: Continental geotherm and the evolution of
rifted margins, Geology, 32, 133–136, https://doi.org/10.1130/G19999.1,
2004.
Roest, W. R. and Srivastava, S. P.: Kinematics of the plate boundaries
between Eurasia, Iberia, and Africa in the North Atlantic from the Late
Cretaceous to the present, Geology, 19, 613–616,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0613:KOTPBB>2.3.CO;2, 1991.
Rosenbaum, G., Lister, G. S., and Duboz, C.: Reconstruction of the tectonic
evolution of the western Mediterranean since the Oligocene, J. Virtual
Explor., 8, 107–130, https://doi.org/10.3809/jvirtex.2002.00053, 2002.
Rowley, D. and Lottes, A.: Plate-kinematic reconstructions of the North Atlantic and Arctic: Late Jurassic to Present, Tectonophysics, 155, 73–120, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(88)90261-2, 1988.
Russell, S. M. and Whitmarsh, R. B.: Magmatism at the west Iberia
non-volcanic rifted continental margin: Evidence from analyses of magnetic
anomalies, Geophys. J. Int., 154, 706–730,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01999.x, 2003.
Sandoval, L., Welford, J. K., MacMahon, H., and Peace, A. L.: Determining
continuous basins across conjugate margins: The East Orphan, Porcupine, and
Galicia Interior basins of the southern North Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Petrol.
Geol., 110, 138–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.06.047, 2019.
Schoeffler, J.: Une hypothese sur la tectogenese de la chaine pyreneenne et
de ses abords, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 7, 917–920, 1965.
Sclater, J. G., Hellinger, S., and Tapscott, C.: The Paleobathymetry of the
Atlantic Ocean from the Jurassic to the Present, J. Geol., 85, 509–552,
https://doi.org/10.1086/628336, 1977.
Searle, R.: Tectonic pattern of the Azores spreading centre and triple
junction, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 51, 415–434,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90221-6, 1980.
Seton, M., Müller, R. D., Zahirovic, S., Gaina, C., Torsvik, T.,
Shephard, G., Talsma, A., Gurnis, M., Turner, M., Maus, S., and Chandler, M.:
Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions since 200 Ma,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 113, 212–270,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.002, 2012.
Shillington, D. J., Holbrook, W. S., Van Avendonk, H. J. A., Tucholke, B.
E., Hopper, J. R., Louden, K. E., Larsen, H. C., and Nunes, G. T.: Evidence
for asymmetric nonvolcanic rifting and slow incipient oceanic accretion from
seismic reflection data of the Newfoudland margin, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol.
Ea., 111, B09402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003981, 2006.
Sibuet, J. C. and Collette, B.: Triple junctions of Bay of Biscay and North
Atlantic: new constraints on the kinematic evolution, Geology, 19, 522–525,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0522:TJOBOB>2.3.CO;2, 1991.
Sibuet, J. C. and Srivastava, S. P.: Rifting consequences of three plate
separation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 521–524,
https://doi.org/10.1029/93GL03304, 1994.
Sibuet, J. C., Srivastava, S. P., and Spakman, W.: Pyrenean orogeny and
plate kinematics, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 109, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002514, 2004.
Sibuet, J. C., Srivastava, S. P., Enachescu, M., and Karner, G. D.: Early
Cretaceous motion of Flemish Cap with respect to North America: implications
on the formation of Orphan Basin and SE Flemish Cap–Galicia Bank conjugate
margins, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 282, 63–76,
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP282.4, 2007.
Sibuet, J. C., Rouzo, S., and Srivastava, S. P.: Plate tectonic
reconstructions and paleogeographic maps of he central and North Atlantic
Oceans, Can. J. Earth Sci., 49, 1567–1594,
https://doi.org/10.1139/e2012-075, 2012.
Skogseid, J.: The Orphan Basin – a key to understanding the kinematic
linkage between North and NE Atlantic Mesozoic rifting, II Cent. North Atl.
Conjug. Margins Conf. II, 13–23, 2010.
Smith, W. H. F. and Sandwell, D. T: Global seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, 277, 1957–1962, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5334.1956, 1997.
Soares, D. M., Alves, T. M., and Terrinha, P.: The breakup sequence and
associated lithospheric breakup surface: Their significance in the context
of rifted continental margins (West Iberia and Newfoundland margins, North
Atlantic), Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 355–356, 311–326,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.08.036, 2012.
Srivastava, S. P. and Tapscott, C. R.: Plate kinematics of the North Atlantic, in: The Western North Atlantic Region, edited by: Vogt, P. R. and Tucholke, B. E., Geol. Soc. Am., 379–404, https://doi.org/10.1130/dnag-gna-m.379, 1986.
Srivastava, S. P. and Verhoef, J.: Evolution of Mesozoic sedimentary basins
around the North Central Atlantic?: a preliminary plate kinematic solution,
Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 62, 397–420,
https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.062.01.30, 1992.
Srivastava, S. P., Schouten, H., Roest, W., Klitgord, K., Kovacs, L. C.,
Verhoef, J., and Macnab, R.: Iberian plate kinematics: a jumping plate
boundary between Eurasia and Africa, Nature, 334, 756–759,
https://doi.org/10.1038/344756a0, 1990.
Srivastava, S. P., Sibuet, J. C., Cande, S., Roest, W. R., and Reid, I. D.:
Magnetic evidence for slow seafloor spreading during the formation of the
Newfoundland and Iberian margins, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 182, 61–76,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00231-4, 2000.
Stampfli, G., Borel, G., Marchant, R., and Mosar, J.: Western Alps
geological constraints on western Tethyan reconstructions The geodynamic
framework of the western Alps, J. Virtual Explor., 8, 75–104,
https://doi.org/10.3809/jvirtex.2002.00057, 2002.
Stanton, N., Manatschal, G., Autin, J., Sauter, D., Maia, M., and Viana, A.:
Geophysical fingerprints of hyper-extended, exhumed and embryonic oceanic
domains: the example from the Iberia–Newfoundland rifted margins, Mar.
Geophys. Res., 37, 185–205, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-016-9277-0,
2016.
Sullivan, K. D.: The Newfoundland Basin: ocean-continent boundary and
Mesozoic seafloor spreading history, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 62, 321–339,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90003-1, 1983.
Tavani, S., Bertok, C., Granado, P., Piana, F., Salas, R., Vigna, B., and
Muñoz, J. A.: The Iberia-Eurasia plate boundary east of the Pyrenees,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 187, 314–337,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.10.008, 2018.
Teixell, A., Labaume, P., Ayarza, P., Espurt, N., de Saint Blanquat, M., and
Lagabrielle, Y.: Crustal structure and evolution of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian
belt: A review and new interpretations from recent concepts and data,
Tectonophysics, 724–725, 146–170,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.01.009, 2018.
Tucholke, B. and Ludwig, W. J.: Structure and origin of the J Anomaly
Ridge, western North Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 87,
9389–9407, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB11p09389, 1982.
Tucholke, B. E. and Sibuet, J.-C.: Leg 210 Synthesis: Tectonic, Magmatic,
and Sedimentary Evolution of the Newfoundland-Iberia Rift, Proc. Ocean
Drill. Program, 210 Sci. Results, 210, 1–56,
https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.210.101.2007, 2007.
Tucholke, B. E., Austin, J. A, and Uchupi, E.: Crustal structure and rift-drift evolation of the Newfoundland Basin, in: Extensional Tectonics and Stratigraphy of the North Atlantic Margins, edited by: Tankard, A. J. and Balkwell, H. R., AAPG Mem, 46, 247–263, 1989.
Tucholke, B. E., Sawyer, D. S., and Sibuet, J.-C.: Breakup of the
Newfoundland Iberia rift, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 282, 9–46,
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP282.2, 2007.
Tugend, J., Manatschal, G., Kusznir, N. J., Masini, E., Mohn, G., and
Thinon, I.: Formation and deformation of hyperextended rift systems:
Insights from rift domain mapping in the Bay of Biscay-Pyrenees, Tectonics,
33, 1239–1276, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014TC003529, 2014.
Tugend, J., Manatschal, G., and Kusznir, N. J.: Spatial and temporal
evolution of hyperextended rift systems: Implication for the nature,
kinematics, and timing of the Iberian- European plate boundary, Geology, 43,
15–18, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36072.1, 2015.
Tugend, J., Gillard, M., Manatschal, G., Nirrengarten, M., Harkin, C., Epin, M.-E., Sauter, D., Autin, J., Kusznir, N., and McDermott, K.: Reappraisal of the magma-rich versus magma-poor rifted margin archetypes, Geol. Soc. London, 476, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP476.9, 2018.
Van der Voo, R.: Paleomagnetic evidence for the rotation of the Iberian
Peninsula, Tectonophysics, 7, 5–56,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(69)90063-8, 1969.
Van der Voo, R. and Boessenkool, A.: Permian paleomagnetic result from the
Western Pyrenees delineating the plate boundary between the Iberian
Peninsula and Stable Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 5118–5127,
https://doi.org/10.1029/jb078i023p05118, 1973.
Vauchez, A., Clerc, C., Bestani, L., Lagabrielle, Y., Chauvet, A., Lahfid,
A., and Mainprice, D.: Preorogenic exhumation of the North Pyrenean Agly
massif (Eastern Pyrenees-France), Tectonics, 32, 95–106,
https://doi.org/10.1002/tect.20015, 2013.
Vissers, R. L. M. and Meijer, P. T.: Mesozoic rotation of Iberia:
Subduction in the Pyrenees? Earth-Sci. Rev., 110, 93–110,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.11.001, 2011.
Vissers, R. L. M. and Meijer, P. T.: Iberian plate kinematics and Alpine
collision in the Pyrenees, Earth-Sci. Rev., 114, 61–83,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.05.001, 2012.
Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F.: Free software helps map and display data,
Eos T. Am. Geophys. Un., 72, 441–446,
https://doi.org/10.1029/90EO00319, 1991.
Whitmarsh, R. and Miles, P.: Models of the development of the west Iberia
rifted continental margin at 40∘30′ N deduced from surface
and deep-tow magnetic anomalies, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 3789–3806,
https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB02877, 1995.
Whitmarsh, R. B. and Sawyer, D. S.: The ocean/continent transition beneath
the Iberia Abyssal Plain and continental-rifting to seafloor-spreading
processes, Proc. Ocean Drill. Progr., 149, 713–736,
https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.149.249.1996, 1996.
Whitmarsh, R. B. and Wallace, P. J.: The rift-to-drift development of the west
Iberia nonvolcanic continental margin: a summary and review of the
contribution of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 173, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program,
Sci. Result, 173, 1–36, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.173.017.2001,
2001.
Whitmarsh, R. B., Beslier, M.-O., Wallace, P. J., Natsue, A., Basile, C., Beard, J. S., Froitxhein, N., Véronique, H., Hopkinson, R., Laurence, J., Kudless, K. E., Louvel, V., Manatschal, G., Newton, A. C., Rubenachn M. J., Skelton, A. D. L., Smith, S. E., Takayama, H., Tompkins, M. J., Turrin, B. D., Urquhart, E., Wallrabe-Adams, H.-J., Wilkens, R. H., Wilson, R. C. L., Wise, S. W., and Zhao, X.: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial reports; return to Iberia; covering Leg 173 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution, Lisbon, Portugal, to Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1065–1070, 15 April–15 June 1997, College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, USA, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.173.1998, 1988.
Whitmarsh, R. B., White, R. S., Horsefield, S. J., Sibuet, J.-C., Recq, M.,
and Louvel, V.: The ocean-continent boundary off the western continental
margin of Iberia: Crustal structure west of Galicia Bank, J. Geophys. Res.,
101, 28291, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02579, 1996.
Wilson, R. C. L., Hiscott, R. N., Willis, M. G., and Gradstein, F.: The Lusitanian Basin of West Central Portugal: Mesozoic and Tertiary tectonic, stratigraphic and subsidence history, in: Extensional Tectonics of the North Atlantic Margins, edited by: Tankard, A. J. and Balkwell, H. R., AAPG Mem, 46, 341–361, 1989.
Wilson, R. C. L., Sawyer, D. S., Whitmarsh, R. B., Zerong, J., and
Carbonell, J.: Seismic stratigraphy and tectonic history of the Iberia
Abyssal Plain, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program, 149 Sci. Results, 149, 617–633,
https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.149.245.1996, 1996.
Wilson, R. C. L., Manatschal, G., and Wise, S.: Rifting along non-volcanic
passive margins: stratigraphic and seismic evidence from the Mesozoic
successions of the Alps and western Iberia, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ.,
187, 429–452, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2001.187.01.21, 2001.
Zitellini, N., Gràcia, E., Matias, L., Terrinha, P., Abreu, M. A., De
Alteriis, G., Henriet, J. P., Dañobeitia, J. J., Masson, D. G., Mulder,
T., Ramella, R., Somoza, L., and Diez, S.: The quest for the Africa-Eurasia
plate boundary west of the Strait of Gibraltar, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
280, 13–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.005, 2009.
Short summary
Here we discuss the validity of so-called “break-up” markers along the Newfoundland margin, challenging their perceived suitability for plate kinematic reconstructions of the southern North Atlantic. We do this on the basis of newly available seismic transects across the Southern Newfoundland Basin. Our new data contradicts current interpretations of the extent of oceanic lithosphere and illustrates the need for a differently constraining the plate kinematics of the Iberian plate pre M0 times.
Here we discuss the validity of so-called “break-up” markers along the Newfoundland margin,...
