Articles | Volume 12, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-299-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-299-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 02 Feb 2021
| 02 Feb 2021
Seismic evidence of the COVID-19 lockdown measures: a case study from eastern Sicily (Italy)
Andrea Cannata
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali,
Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo,
Catania, Italy
Flavio Cannavò
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo,
Catania, Italy
Giuseppe Di Grazia
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo,
Catania, Italy
Marco Aliotta
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo,
Catania, Italy
Carmelo Cassisi
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo,
Catania, Italy
Raphael S. M. De Plaen
Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
Stefano Gresta
Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali,
Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
Thomas Lecocq
Seismology-Gravimetry, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Avenue circulaire
3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
Placido Montalto
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo,
Catania, Italy
Mariangela Sciotto
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo,
Catania, Italy
Related authors
Alfio Marco Borzì, Vittorio Minio, Raphael De Plaen, Thomas Lecocq, Salvatore Alparone, Salvatore Aronica, Flavio Cannavò, Fulvio Capodici, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Sebastiano D'Amico, Danilo Contrafatto, Giuseppe Di Grazia, Ignazio Fontana, Giovanni Giacalone, Graziano Larocca, Carlo Lo Re, Giorgio Manno, Gabriele Nardone, Arianna Orasi, Marco Picone, Giovanni Scicchitano, and Andrea Cannata
Ocean Sci., 20, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we study a Mediterranean cyclone that occurred in February 2023 and its relationship with a particular seismic signal called microseism. By integrating the data recorded by seismic stations, satellites, HF radar and wavemeter buoy we are able to obtain information about this event. We show how an innovative monitoring system of the Mediterranean cyclones can be designed by integrating microseism information with other techniques routinely used to study meteorological phenomena.
Alfio Marco Borzì, Vittorio Minio, Raphael De Plaen, Thomas Lecocq, Salvatore Alparone, Salvatore Aronica, Flavio Cannavò, Fulvio Capodici, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Sebastiano D'Amico, Danilo Contrafatto, Giuseppe Di Grazia, Ignazio Fontana, Giovanni Giacalone, Graziano Larocca, Carlo Lo Re, Giorgio Manno, Gabriele Nardone, Arianna Orasi, Marco Picone, Giovanni Scicchitano, and Andrea Cannata
Ocean Sci., 20, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we study a Mediterranean cyclone that occurred in February 2023 and its relationship with a particular seismic signal called microseism. By integrating the data recorded by seismic stations, satellites, HF radar and wavemeter buoy we are able to obtain information about this event. We show how an innovative monitoring system of the Mediterranean cyclones can be designed by integrating microseism information with other techniques routinely used to study meteorological phenomena.
Thierry Camelbeeck, Koen Van Noten, Thomas Lecocq, and Marc Hendrickx
Solid Earth, 13, 469–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Over the 20th century, shallow damaging seismicity occurred in and near the Hainaut coal mining area in Belgium. We provide an overview of earthquake parameters and impacts, combining felt and damage testimonies and instrumental measurements. Shallower earthquakes have a depth and timing compatible with mining activity. The most damaging events occurred deeper than the mines but could still have been triggered by mining-caused crustal changes. Our modelling can be applied to other regions.
Baptiste Frankinet, Thomas Lecocq, and Thierry Camelbeeck
The Cryosphere, 15, 5007–5016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5007-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5007-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Icequakes are the result of processes occurring within the ice mass or between the ice and its environment. Having a complete catalogue of those icequakes provides a unique view on the ice dynamics. But the instruments recording these events are polluted by different noise sources such as the wind. Using the data from multiple instruments, we found how the wind noise affects the icequake monitoring at the Princess Elisabeth Station in Antarctica.
Xyoli Pérez-Campos, Víctor H. Espíndola, Daniel González-Ávila, Betty Zanolli Fabila, Víctor H. Márquez-Ramírez, Raphael S. M. De Plaen, Juan Carlos Montalvo-Arrieta, and Luis Quintanar
Solid Earth, 12, 1411–1419, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1411-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1411-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mexican seismic stations witnessed a reduction in noise level as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown strategies. The largest drop was observed in Hermosillo, which is also the city with the fastest noise-level recovery and a quick increase in confirmed COVID-19 cases. Since 1 June 2020, a traffic-light system has modulated the re-opening of economic activities for each state, which is reflected in noise levels. Noise reduction has allowed the identification and perception of smaller earthquakes.
Raphael S. M. De Plaen, Víctor Hugo Márquez-Ramírez, Xyoli Pérez-Campos, F. Ramón Zuñiga, Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez, Juan Martín Gómez González, and Lucia Capra
Solid Earth, 12, 713–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-713-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-713-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in countries with a dominant informal economy have been a greater challenge than in other places. This motivated the monitoring of the mobility of populations with seismic noise throughout the various phases of lockdown and in the city of Querétaro (central Mexico). Our results emphasize the benefit of densifying urban seismic networks, even with low-cost instruments, to observe variations in mobility at the city scale over exclusively relying on mobile technology.
Kasper van Wijk, Calum J. Chamberlain, Thomas Lecocq, and Koen Van Noten
Solid Earth, 12, 363–373, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-363-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-363-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Auckland Volcanic Field is monitored by a seismic network. The lockdown measures to combat COVID-19 in New Zealand provided an opportunity to evaluate the performance of seismic stations in the network and to search for small(er) local earthquakes, potentially hidden in the noise during "normal" times. Cross-correlation of template events resulted in detection of 30 new events not detected by GeoNet, but there is no evidence of an increase in detections during the quiet period of lockdown.
Koen Van Noten, Thomas Lecocq, Christophe Sira, Klaus-G. Hinzen, and Thierry Camelbeeck
Solid Earth, 8, 453–477, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-453-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-453-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Every person is a seismometer. By using people’s reports submitted online to European seismological agencies, we made new grid cell shaking intensity maps of the 2011 Goch (DE) and 2015 Ramsgate (UK) M4 earthquakes. Both events were widely felt in NW Europe and had non-concentric shaking intensity patterns which are strongly linked to the bedrock depth in the felt area. Storing intensity data in grid cells is a promising tool for seismological agencies to share intensity data anonymously.
Flavio Cannavò, Salvatore Gambino, Biagio Puglisi, and Rosanna Velardita
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2443–2453, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2443-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2443-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In 1984, several seismic events, caused one fatality, 12 injuries and produced serious damage in eastern flank of Mt. Etna. We inverted ground deformation (EDM) data finding that in 1980–84 period, the Fiandaca Fault was affected by a strike slip and normal dip slip of ca. 20.4 and 12.7 cm. This is consistent with field observations (ground ruptures) but it it is notably large compared to displacements estimated by seismicity, then suggesting that most of most of the slip was aseismic.
Related subject area
Subject area: The evolving Earth surface | Editorial team: Seismics, seismology, paleoseismology, geoelectrics, and electromagnetics | Discipline: Seismology
A borehole trajectory inversion scheme to adjust the measurement geometry for 3D travel-time tomography on glaciers
Real-time Earthquake Monitoring using Deep Learning: a case study on Turkey Earthquake Aftershock Sequence
Linked and fully-coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík-Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland
Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) noise reduction from horizontal and vertical components using harmonic–percussive separation algorithms
Towards real-time seismic monitoring of a geothermal plant using Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Upper-lithospheric structure of northeastern Venezuela from joint inversion of surface-wave dispersion and receiver functions
A study on the effect of input data length on a deep-learning-based magnitude classifier
Multi-array analysis of volcano-seismic signals at Fogo and Brava, Cape Verde
Reflection imaging of complex geology in a crystalline environment using virtual-source seismology: case study from the Kylylahti polymetallic mine, Finland
The damaging character of shallow 20th century earthquakes in the Hainaut coal area (Belgium)
The effect of 2020 COVID-19 lockdown measures on seismic noise recorded in Romania
Accelerating Bayesian microseismic event location with deep learning
Strain to ground motion conversion of distributed acoustic sensing data for earthquake magnitude and stress drop determination
Regional centroid moment tensor inversion of small to moderate earthquakes in the Alps using the dense AlpArray seismic network: challenges and seismotectonic insights
Unprecedented quiescence in resource development area allows detection of long-lived latent seismicity
Seismic monitoring of urban activity in Barcelona during the COVID-19 lockdown
Seismic signature of the COVID-19 lockdown at the city scale: a case study with low-cost seismometers in the city of Querétaro, Mexico
Characterizing the oceanic ambient noise as recorded by the dense seismo-acoustic Kazakh network
Sensing Earth and environment dynamics by telecommunication fiber-optic sensors: an urban experiment in Pennsylvania, USA
Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake
Sebastian Hellmann, Melchior Grab, Cedric Patzer, Andreas Bauder, and Hansruedi Maurer
Solid Earth, 14, 805–821, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Acoustic waves are suitable to analyse the physical properties of the subsurface. For this purpose, boreholes are quite useful to deploy a source and receivers in the target area to get a comprehensive high-resolution dataset. However, when conducting such experiments in a subsurface such as glaciers that continuously move, the boreholes get deformed. In our study, we therefore developed a method that allows an analysis of the ice while considering deformations.
Wei Li, Megha Chakraborty, Jonas Köhler, Claudia Quinteros Cartaya, Georg Rümpker, and Nishtha Srivastava
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.09539, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.09539, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic phase picking & magnitude estimation are crucial components of real-time earthquake monitoring & early warning. Here, we test the potential of deep learning in real-time earthquake monitoring. We introduce DynaPicker which leverages dynamic convolutional neural networks for event detection & arrival time picking. Subsequently, we use a deep-learning model 'CREIME' for magnitude estimation. This workflow is tested on the continuous recording of the Turkey earthquake aftershock sequences.
Fabian Kutschera, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Sara Aniko Wirp, Bo Li, Thomas Ulrich, Claudia Abril, and Benedikt Halldórsson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1262, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1262, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a suite of realistic 3D dynamic rupture earthquake-tsunami scenarios for the Húsavík-Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland and compare one-way linked and fully-coupled modeling workflows on two fault system geometries. We find that our dynamic rupture simulation on a less-segmented strike-slip fault system causes local tsunami wave heights (crest-to-trough) of up to ∼0.9 m due to large shallow fault slip (∼8 m), rake rotation (±20°), and coseismic vertical displacements (±1 m).
Zahra Zali, Theresa Rein, Frank Krüger, Matthias Ohrnberger, and Frank Scherbaum
Solid Earth, 14, 181–195, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Investigation of the global Earth's structure benefits from the analysis of ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data that allow an improved seismic illumination of dark spots of crustal and mantle structures in the oceanic regions of the Earth. However, recordings from the ocean bottom are often highly contaminated by noise. We developed an OBS noise reduction algorithm, which removes much of the oceanic noise while preserving the earthquake signal and does not introduce waveform distortion.
Jerome Azzola, Katja Thiemann, and Emmanuel Gaucher
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1417, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1417, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Distributed Acoustic Sensing is applied to the micro-seismic monitoring of a geothermal plant. In this domain, the feasibility of managing the large flow of generated data and their suitability to monitor locally induced seismicity was yet to be assessed. The proposed monitoring system efficiently managed the acquisition, processing and saving of the data over a 6-month period. This testing period proved that the monitoring concept advantageously complements more classical monitoring networks.
Roberto Cabieces, Mariano S. Arnaiz-Rodríguez, Antonio Villaseñor, Elizabeth Berg, Andrés Olivar-Castaño, Sergi Ventosa, and Ana M. G. Ferreira
Solid Earth, 13, 1781–1801, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1781-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1781-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new 3D shear-wave velocity model of the lithosphere of northeastern Venezuela, including new Moho and Vp / Vs maps. Data were retrieved from land and broadband ocean bottom seismometers from the BOLIVAR experiment.
Megha Chakraborty, Wei Li, Johannes Faber, Georg Rümpker, Horst Stoecker, and Nishtha Srivastava
Solid Earth, 13, 1721–1729, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake magnitude is a crucial parameter in defining its damage potential, and hence its speedy determination is essential to issue an early warning in regions close to the epicentre. This study summarises our findings in an attempt to apply deep-learning-based classifiers to earthquake waveforms, particularly with respect to finding an optimum length of input data. We conclude that the input length has no significant effect on the model accuracy, which varies between 90 %–94 %.
Carola Leva, Georg Rümpker, and Ingo Wölbern
Solid Earth, 13, 1243–1258, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1243-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1243-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The seismicity of Fogo and Brava, Cape Verde, is dominated by volcano-tectonic earthquakes in the area of Brava and volcanic seismic signals, such as hybrid events, on Fogo. We locate these events using a multi-array analysis, which allows the localization of seismic events occurring outside the network and of volcanic signals lacking clear phases. We observe exceptionally high apparent velocities for the hybrid events located on Fogo. These velocities are likely caused by a complex ray path.
Michal Chamarczuk, Michal Malinowski, Deyan Draganov, Emilia Koivisto, Suvi Heinonen, and Sanna Rötsä
Solid Earth, 13, 705–723, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In passive seismic measurement, all noise sources from the environment, such as traffic, vibrations caused by distant excavation, and explosive work from underground mines, are utilized. In the Kylylahti experiment, receivers recorded ambient noise sources for 30 d. These recordings were subjected to data analysis and processing using novel methodology developed in our study and used for imaging the subsurface geology of the Kylylahti mine area.
Thierry Camelbeeck, Koen Van Noten, Thomas Lecocq, and Marc Hendrickx
Solid Earth, 13, 469–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Over the 20th century, shallow damaging seismicity occurred in and near the Hainaut coal mining area in Belgium. We provide an overview of earthquake parameters and impacts, combining felt and damage testimonies and instrumental measurements. Shallower earthquakes have a depth and timing compatible with mining activity. The most damaging events occurred deeper than the mines but could still have been triggered by mining-caused crustal changes. Our modelling can be applied to other regions.
Bogdan Grecu, Felix Borleanu, Alexandru Tiganescu, Natalia Poiata, Raluca Dinescu, and Dragos Tataru
Solid Earth, 12, 2351–2368, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The lockdown imposed in Romania to prevent the spread of COVID-19 has significantly impacted human activity across the country. By analyzing the ground vibrations recorded at seismic stations, we were able to monitor the changes in human activity before and during the lockdown.
The reduced human activity during the lockdown has also provided a good opportunity for stations sited in noisy urban areas to record earthquake signals that would not have been recorded under normal conditions.
Alessio Spurio Mancini, Davide Piras, Ana Margarida Godinho Ferreira, Michael Paul Hobson, and Benjamin Joachimi
Solid Earth, 12, 1683–1705, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1683-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1683-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The localization of an earthquake is affected by many uncertainties. To correctly propagate these uncertainties into an estimate of the earthquake coordinates and their associated errors, many simulations of seismic waves are needed. This operation is computationally very intensive, hindering the feasibility of this approach. In this paper, we present a series of deep-learning methods to produce accurate seismic traces in a fraction of the time needed with standard methods.
Itzhak Lior, Anthony Sladen, Diego Mercerat, Jean-Paul Ampuero, Diane Rivet, and Serge Sambolian
Solid Earth, 12, 1421–1442, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1421-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1421-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The increasing use of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) inhibits the transformation of optical fibers into dense arrays of seismo-acoustic sensors. Here, DAS strain records are converted to ground motions using the waves' apparent velocity. An algorithm for velocity determination is presented, accounting for velocity variations between different seismic waves. The conversion allows for robust determination of fundamental source parameters, earthquake magnitude and stress drop.
Gesa Maria Petersen, Simone Cesca, Sebastian Heimann, Peter Niemz, Torsten Dahm, Daniela Kühn, Jörn Kummerow, Thomas Plenefisch, and the AlpArray and AlpArray-Swath-D working groups
Solid Earth, 12, 1233–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1233-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1233-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Alpine mountains are known for a complex tectonic history. We shed light onto ongoing tectonic processes by studying rupture mechanisms of small to moderate earthquakes between 2016 and 2019 observed by the temporary AlpArray seismic network. The rupture processes of 75 earthquakes were analyzed, along with past earthquakes and deformation data. Our observations point at variations in the underlying tectonic processes and stress regimes across the Alps.
Rebecca O. Salvage and David W. Eaton
Solid Earth, 12, 765–783, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-765-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-765-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Small earthquakes in Alberta and north-east British Columbia have been previously ascribed to industrial activities. The COVID-19 pandemic forced almost all these activities to stop for ~ 4 months. However, unexpectedly, earthquakes still occurred during this time. Some of these earthquakes may be natural and some the result of earthquakes > M6 occurring around the world. However, ~ 65 % of the earthquakes detected may be the remnants of previous fluid injection in the area (
latent seismicity).
Jordi Diaz, Mario Ruiz, and José-Antonio Jara
Solid Earth, 12, 725–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-725-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-725-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, the city of Barcelona was covered by a network of 19 seismometers. The results confirm that the quieting of human activity during lockdown has resulted in a reduction of seismic vibrations. The different lockdown phases in Barcelona are recognized consistently at most of the seismic stations. Our contribution demonstrates that seismic noise can be used as a free and reliable tool to monitor human activity in urban environments.
Raphael S. M. De Plaen, Víctor Hugo Márquez-Ramírez, Xyoli Pérez-Campos, F. Ramón Zuñiga, Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez, Juan Martín Gómez González, and Lucia Capra
Solid Earth, 12, 713–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-713-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-713-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in countries with a dominant informal economy have been a greater challenge than in other places. This motivated the monitoring of the mobility of populations with seismic noise throughout the various phases of lockdown and in the city of Querétaro (central Mexico). Our results emphasize the benefit of densifying urban seismic networks, even with low-cost instruments, to observe variations in mobility at the city scale over exclusively relying on mobile technology.
Alexandr Smirnov, Marine De Carlo, Alexis Le Pichon, Nikolai M. Shapiro, and Sergey Kulichkov
Solid Earth, 12, 503–520, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-503-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-503-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic and infrasound methods are techniques used to monitor natural events and explosions. At low frequencies, band signal can be dominated by microbaroms and microseisms. The noise observations in the Kazakh network are performed and compared with source and propagation modeling. The network is dense and well situated for studying very distant source regions of the ambient noise. The prospects are opening for the use of ocean noise in solid Earth and atmosphere tomography.
Tieyuan Zhu, Junzhu Shen, and Eileen R. Martin
Solid Earth, 12, 219–235, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-219-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-219-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the Fiber Optic foR Environmental SEnsEing (FORESEE) project in Pennsylvania, USA, the first continuous-monitoring distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber array in the eastern USA. With the success of collecting 1 year of continuous DAS recordings using nearly 5 km of telecommunication fiber underneath the university campus, we conclude that DAS along with telecommunication fiber will potentially serve the purpose of continuous near-surface seismic monitoring in populated areas.
Sebastian von Specht, Ugur Ozturk, Georg Veh, Fabrice Cotton, and Oliver Korup
Solid Earth, 10, 463–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-463-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-463-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We show the landslide response to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Mw 7.1) in central Kyushu (Japan). Landslides are concentrated to the northeast of the rupture, coinciding with the propagation direction of the earthquake. This azimuthal variation in the landslide concentration is linked to the seismic rupture process itself and not to classical landslide susceptibility factors. We propose a new ground-motion model that links the seismic radiation pattern with the landslide distribution.
Cited articles
Anthony, R. E., Aster, R. C., and McGrath, D.: Links between atmosphere,
ocean, and cryosphere from two decades of microseism observations on the
Antarctic Peninsula, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 122, 153–166, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF004098, 2017.
Apple: Mobility Trends Reports, available at:
https://www.apple.com/covid19/mobility (last access: 05 June 2020), 2020.
Ardhuin, F., Gualtieri, L., and Stutzmann, E.: How ocean waves rock the
Earth: Two mechanisms explain microseisms with periods 3 to 300 s, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 42, 765–772, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062782,
2015.
Beauducel, F.: READHGT: Import/download NASA SRTM data files (HGT), MATLAB Central File Exchange, available at: https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/36379-readhgt-import-download-nasa-srtm-data-files-hgt (last access: 26 January 2021),
2020.
Bormann, P. and Wielandt, E.: Seismic signals and noise, in:
New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP2), 2nd edn.,
edited by: Bormann, P.,
GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, 1–62, 2013.
Cannata, A., Di Grazia, G., Montalto, P., Ferrari, F., Nunnari, G.,
Patanè, D., and Privitera, E.: New insights into banded tremor from the
2008–2009 Mount Etna eruption, J. Geophys. Res., 115, 1–22, 2010.
Cannata, A., Cannavò, F., Moschella, S., Gresta, S., and Spina, L.:
Exploring the link between microseism and sea ice in Antarctica by using
machine learning, Sci. Rep., 9, 13050, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49586-z, 2019.
Cannata, F., Chiarito, M., Reimers, B., Azzolini, E., Ferrante, G., My, I.,
Viggiani, G., Panico, C., Regazzoli, D., Ciccarelli, M., Voza, A., Aghemo,
A., Li, H., Wang, Y., Condorelli, G., and Stefanini, G. G.: Continuation
versus discontinuation of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers
in COVID-19: effects on blood pressure control and mortality, Eur. Heart
J., 6, 412–414, pvaa056,
https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa056, 2020a.
Cannata, A., Cannavò, F., Moschella, S., Di Grazia, G., Nardone, G.,
Orasi, A., Picone, M., Ferla, M., and Gresta, S.: Unravelling the
Relationship Between Microseisms and Spatial Distribution of Sea Wave Height
by Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches, Remote Sens.-Basel, 12, 761,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050761, 2020b.
Chouet, B. A. and Matoza, R. S.: A multi-decadal view of seismic methods
for detecting precursors of magma movement and eruption, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 252, 108–175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.11.013, 2013.
Craig, D., Bean, C., Lokmer, I., and Mollhoff, M.: Correlation of
Wavefield-Separated Ocean-Generated Microseisms with North Atlantic Source
Regions, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 106, 1002–1010,
2016.
Dias, F. L., Assumpção, M., Peixoto, P. S., Bianchi, M. B.,
Collaço, B., and Calhau, J.: Using Seismic Noise Levels to Monitor
Social Isolation: An Example from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 47, e2020GL088748, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088748, 2020.
Díaz, J., Ruiz, M., Sánchez-Pastor, P. S., and Romero, P.: Urban
seismology: On the origin of earth vibrations within a city, Sci.
Rep.-UK, 7, 1–11, 2017.
Facebook: COVID-19 Mobility Data Network, available at:
https://data.humdata.org/dataset/movement-range-maps (last access: 5
June 2020), 2020.
Falsaperla, S., Langer, H., and Spampinato, S.: Statistical analyses and
characteristics of volcanic tremor on Stromboli volcano (Italy), Bull.
Volcanol., 60, 75–88, 1998.
Gatto, M., Bertuzzo, E., Mari, L., Miccoli, S., Carraro, L., Casagrandi, R., and Rinaldo, A.: Spread and dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy:
effects of emergency containment measures, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 10484–10491,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004978117, 2020.
Google: COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports, available at:
https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/ (last access: 5 June 2020), 2020.
Graham, B. S.: Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development, Science, 368,
945–946, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8923, 2020.
Hasselmann, K. A.: Statistical analysis of the generation of microseisms,
Rev. Geophys., 1, 177–210, 1963.
Hong, T.-K., Lee, J., Lee, G., Lee, J., and Park, S.: Correlation between
Ambient Seismic Noises and Economic Growth, Seismol. Res. Lett., 20, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190369, 2020.
Lecocq, T., Hicks, S., Van Noten, K., et al.: Global quieting of high-frequency seismic noise due to
COVID-19 pandemic lockdown measures, Science, 369, 1338–1343, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd2438,
2020.
Lindsey, N. J., Yuan, S., Lellouch, A., Gualtieri, L., Lecocq, T., and
Biondi, B.: City-scale dark fiber DAS measurements of infrastructure use
during the COVID-19 pandemic, Sci. Adv., submitted, 2020.
Longuet-Higgins, M. S.: A theory of the origin of microseisms, Philos.
Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 243, 1–35, 1950.
Lyons, R. G.:. Understanding digital signal processing, Pearson
Education India, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 United States, 2004.
March, D., Metcalfe, K., Tintoré, J., and Godley, B. J.: Tracking the global
reduction of marine traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic, ResearchSquare, in review,
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-47243/v1, 2020.
Pepe, E., Bajardi, P., Gauvin, L., Privitera, F., Lake, B., Cattuto, C., and
Tizzoni, M.: COVID-19 outbreak response, a dataset to assess mobility
changes in Italy following national lockdown, Sci. Data, 7, 230, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00575-2, 2020.
Piccinini, D., Giunchi, C., Olivieri, M., Frattini, F., Di Giovanni, M., Prodi, G., and Chiarabba, C.: COVID-19 lockdown and its
latency in Northern Italy: seismic evidence and socio-economic
interpretation, Sci. Rep.-UK, 10, 16487, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73102-3, 2020.
Poli, P., Boaga, J., Molinari, I., Cascone, V., and Boschi, L.: The 2020
coronavirus lockdown and seismic monitoring of anthropic activities in
Northern Italy, Sci. Rep.-UK, 10, 9404,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66368-0, 2020.
Stein, S. and Wysession, M.: An introduction to seismology, earthquakes,
and earth structure, Blackwell, Malden, MA, USA, 2003.
Wang, C., Li, W., Drabek, D., Okba, N. M. A., van Haperen, R., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., van Kuppeveld, F. J. M., Haagmans, B. L., Grosveld, F., and Bosch, B. J.: A human monoclonal antibody blocking
SARS-CoV-2 infection, Nat. Commun., 11, 2251,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16256-y, 2020b.
Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J.,, Wang, Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y.,, Zhao, Li, Y., Wang, X., and Peng, Z.: Clinical Characteristics of 138
Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus – Infected Pneumonia in
Wuhan, China, JAMA, 323, 1061–1069, https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585, 2020a.
Welch, P. D.: The use of Fast Fourier Transform for the estimation of power
spectra: a method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms,
IEEE T. Audio Electroacoust. 15, 70–73, https://doi.org/10.1109/TAU.1967.1161901,
1967.
World Health Organization: Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation
reports, available at:
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/
(last access: 21 July 2020), 2020.
Xiao, H., Eilon, Z., Ji, C., and Tanimoto, T.: COVID-19 societal response
captured by seismic noise in China and Italy, Seismol. Res. Lett., 20, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200147, 2020.
Short summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries put in place social interventions, aimed at restricting human mobility, which caused a decrease in the seismic noise, generated by human activities and called anthropogenic seismic noise. In densely populated eastern Sicily, we observed a decrease in the seismic noise amplitude reaching 50 %. We found similarities between the temporal patterns of seismic noise and human mobility, as quantified by mobile-phone-derived data and ship traffic data.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries put in place social interventions, aimed at...
