Articles | Volume 10, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-463-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-463-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Apr 2019
Research article |
| 04 Apr 2019
Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake
Sebastian von Specht
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam – GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
University of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
University of Potsdam, Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
Ugur Ozturk
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam – GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
University of Potsdam, Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) e.V., Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Georg Veh
University of Potsdam, Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
Fabrice Cotton
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam – GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
University of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
Oliver Korup
University of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
University of Potsdam, Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
Related authors
Arno Zang, Peter Niemz, Sebastian von Specht, Günter Zimmermann, Claus Milkereit, Katrin Plenkers, and Gerd Klee
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-170, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-170, 2023
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We present experimental data collected in 2015 at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. We created six cracks in a rock mass by injecting water into a borehole. The cracks were monitored using special sensors to study how the water affected the rock. The goal of the experiment was to figure out how to create a system for generating heat from the rock that is better than what has been done before. The data collected from this experiment is important for future research into generating energy from rocks.
Malte Jörn Ziebarth and Sebastian von Specht
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-222, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-222, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Thermal energy from the active Earth’s interior constantly dissipates through the Earth’s surface. This heat flow is not spatially uniform and its exact pattern is hard to predict since it depends on crustal and mantle properties, both varying across scales. Our new model “REHEATFUNQ” addresses this difficulty by treating the fluctuations of heat flow within a region statistically. REHEATFUNQ estimates the regional distribution of heat flow and quantifies known structural signals therein.
Milena Latinović, Volker Klemann, Christopher Irrgang, Meike Bagge, Sebastian Specht, and Maik Thomas
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-50, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-50, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
By using geological samples we are trying to validate the models that are reconstructing the sea level in the past 20 000 years. We applied proposed statistical method using 4 types of shells that were found in the area of the Hudson Bay on 140 members of model ensemble. After the comparison of the the results with studies from this area, we concluded that the method is suitable for validation of model ensemble based sea-level change caused by land movement of the Earth due to ice-age burden.
Graeme Weatherill, Sreeram Reddy Kotha, Laurentiu Danciu, Susana Vilanova, and Fabrice Cotton
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-124, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-124, 2023
Preprint under review for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
The ground motion models (GMMs) selected for the 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20), and their uncertainties require adaptation to different tectonic environments. Using insights from new data, local experts and developments in the scientific literature, we further calibrate the ESHM20 GMM logic tree to capture previously unmodelled regional variation. We also propose a new scaled backbone logic tree for application to Europe’s subduction zones and the Vrancea deep seismic source.
Monika Pfau, Georg Veh, and Wolfgang Schwanghart
The Cryosphere, 17, 3535–3551, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3535-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3535-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cast shadows have been a recurring problem in remote sensing of glaciers. We show that the length of shadows from surrounding mountains can be used to detect gains or losses in glacier elevation.
Karina Loviknes, Fabrice Cotton, and Graeme Weatherill
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1370, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1370, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake ground shaking can be strongly affected by local geology and is often amplified by soft sediments. In this study, we introduce a global geomorphological model for sediment thickness as a protentional parameter for predicting this site amplification. The results show that including geology and geomorphology in site-amplification predictions adds important value and that global or regional models for sediment thickness from fields beyond engineering seismology are worth considering.
Max Schneider, Fabrice Cotton, and Pia-Johanna Schweizer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2505–2521, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hazard maps are fundamental to earthquake risk reduction, but research is missing on how to design them. We review the visualization literature to identify evidence-based criteria for color and classification schemes for hazard maps. We implement these for the German seismic hazard map, focusing on communicating four properties of seismic hazard. Our evaluation finds that the redesigned map successfully communicates seismic hazard in Germany, improving on the baseline map for two key properties.
Natalie Lützow, Georg Veh, and Oliver Korup
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2983–3000, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2983-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2983-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a prominent natural hazard, and climate change may change their magnitude, frequency, and impacts. A global, literature-based GLOF inventory is introduced, entailing 3151 reported GLOFs. The reporting density varies temporally and regionally, with most cases occurring in NW North America. Since 1900, the number of yearly documented GLOFs has increased 6-fold. However, many GLOFs have incomplete records, and we call for a systematic reporting protocol.
Irina Dallo, Michèle Marti, Nadja Valenzuela, Helen Crowley, Jamal Dabbeek, Laurentiu Danciu, Simone Zaugg, Fabrice Cotton, Domenico Giardini, Rui Pinho, John Frederick Schneider, Céline Beauval, António Araújo Correia, Olga-Joan Ktenidou, Päivi Mäntyniemi, Marco Pagani, Vitor Silva, Graeme Weatherill, and Stefan Wiemer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-107, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-107, 2023
Preprint under review for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
For the release of (cross-country harmonised) hazard and risk models, a communication strategy co-defined by the model developers and communication experts is needed. The strategy should consist of a communication concept, a user testing, expert feedback mechanisms, and the establishment of a network with outreach specialists. Here we present our approach for the release of the European Seismic Hazard and Risk Models and provide practical recommendations for similar efforts.
Arno Zang, Peter Niemz, Sebastian von Specht, Günter Zimmermann, Claus Milkereit, Katrin Plenkers, and Gerd Klee
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-170, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-170, 2023
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We present experimental data collected in 2015 at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. We created six cracks in a rock mass by injecting water into a borehole. The cracks were monitored using special sensors to study how the water affected the rock. The goal of the experiment was to figure out how to create a system for generating heat from the rock that is better than what has been done before. The data collected from this experiment is important for future research into generating energy from rocks.
Juan Camilo Gómez Zapata, Massimiliano Pittore, Nils Brinckmann, Juan Lizarazo-Marriaga, Sergio Medina, Nicola Tarque, and Fabrice Cotton
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2203–2228, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2203-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2203-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate cumulative damage on extended building portfolios, we propose an alternative and modular method to probabilistically integrate sets of single-hazard vulnerability models that are being constantly developed by experts from various research fields to be used within a multi-risk context. We demonstrate its application by assessing the economic losses expected for the residential building stock of Lima, Peru, a megacity commonly exposed to consecutive earthquake and tsunami scenarios.
Malte Jörn Ziebarth and Sebastian von Specht
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-222, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-222, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Thermal energy from the active Earth’s interior constantly dissipates through the Earth’s surface. This heat flow is not spatially uniform and its exact pattern is hard to predict since it depends on crustal and mantle properties, both varying across scales. Our new model “REHEATFUNQ” addresses this difficulty by treating the fluctuations of heat flow within a region statistically. REHEATFUNQ estimates the regional distribution of heat flow and quantifies known structural signals therein.
Audrey Bonnelye, Pierre Dick, Marco Bohnhoff, Fabrice Cotton, Rüdiger Giese, Jan Henninges, Damien Jougnot, Grzegorz Kwiatek, and Stefan Lüth
Adv. Geosci., 58, 177–188, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-58-177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-58-177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The overall objective of the CHENILLE project is to performed an in-situ experiment in the Underground Reaserch Laboratory of Tournemire (Southern France) consisting of hydraulic and thermal stimulation of a fault zone. This experiment is monitored with extensive geophysical means (passive seismic, active seismic, distributed fiber optics for temperature measurements) in order to unravel the physical processes taking place during the stimulation for a better charactization of fault zones.
Kamal Rana, Nishant Malik, and Ugur Ozturk
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3751–3764, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3751-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3751-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The landslide hazard models assist in mitigating losses due to landslides. However, these models depend on landslide databases, which often have missing triggering information, rendering these databases unusable for landslide hazard models. In this work, we developed a Python library, Landsifier, consisting of three different methods to identify the triggers of landslides. These methods can classify landslide triggers with high accuracy using only a landslide polygon shapefile as an input.
Adam Emmer, Simon K. Allen, Mark Carey, Holger Frey, Christian Huggel, Oliver Korup, Martin Mergili, Ashim Sattar, Georg Veh, Thomas Y. Chen, Simon J. Cook, Mariana Correas-Gonzalez, Soumik Das, Alejandro Diaz Moreno, Fabian Drenkhan, Melanie Fischer, Walter W. Immerzeel, Eñaut Izagirre, Ramesh Chandra Joshi, Ioannis Kougkoulos, Riamsara Kuyakanon Knapp, Dongfeng Li, Ulfat Majeed, Stephanie Matti, Holly Moulton, Faezeh Nick, Valentine Piroton, Irfan Rashid, Masoom Reza, Anderson Ribeiro de Figueiredo, Christian Riveros, Finu Shrestha, Milan Shrestha, Jakob Steiner, Noah Walker-Crawford, Joanne L. Wood, and Jacob C. Yde
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3041–3061, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3041-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) have attracted increased research attention recently. In this work, we review GLOF research papers published between 2017 and 2021 and complement the analysis with research community insights gained from the 2021 GLOF conference we organized. The transdisciplinary character of the conference together with broad geographical coverage allowed us to identify progress, trends and challenges in GLOF research and outline future research needs and directions.
Michael Dietze, Rainer Bell, Ugur Ozturk, Kristen L. Cook, Christoff Andermann, Alexander R. Beer, Bodo Damm, Ana Lucia, Felix S. Fauer, Katrin M. Nissen, Tobias Sieg, and Annegret H. Thieken
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1845–1856, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The flood that hit Europe in July 2021, specifically the Eifel, Germany, was more than a lot of fast-flowing water. The heavy rain that fell during the 3 d before also caused the slope to fail, recruited tree trunks that clogged bridges, and routed debris across the landscape. Especially in the upper parts of the catchments the flood was able to gain momentum. Here, we discuss how different landscape elements interacted and highlight the challenges of holistic future flood anticipation.
Juan Camilo Gomez-Zapata, Nils Brinckmann, Sven Harig, Raquel Zafrir, Massimiliano Pittore, Fabrice Cotton, and Andrey Babeyko
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3599–3628, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3599-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3599-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present variable-resolution boundaries based on central Voronoi tessellations (CVTs) to spatially aggregate building exposure models and physical vulnerability assessment. Their geo-cell sizes are inversely proportional to underlying distributions that account for the combination between hazard intensities and exposure proxies. We explore their efficiency and associated uncertainties in risk–loss estimations and mapping from decoupled scenario-based earthquakes and tsunamis in Lima, Peru.
Melanie Fischer, Oliver Korup, Georg Veh, and Ariane Walz
The Cryosphere, 15, 4145–4163, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4145-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4145-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in the greater Himalayan region threaten local communities and infrastructure. We assess this hazard objectively using fully data-driven models. We find that lake and catchment area, as well as regional glacier-mass balance, credibly raised the susceptibility of a glacial lake in our study area to produce a sudden outburst. However, our models hardly support the widely held notion that rapid lake growth increases GLOF susceptibility.
Frederik Wolf, Ugur Ozturk, Kevin Cheung, and Reik V. Donner
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 295–312, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-295-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-295-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Motivated by a lacking onset prediction scheme, we examine the temporal evolution of synchronous heavy rainfall associated with the East Asian Monsoon System employing a network approach. We find, that the evolution of the Baiu front is associated with the formation of a spatially separated double band of synchronous rainfall. Furthermore, we identify the South Asian Anticyclone and the North Pacific Subtropical High as the main drivers, which have been assumed to be independent previously.
Ankit Agarwal, Norbert Marwan, Rathinasamy Maheswaran, Ugur Ozturk, Jürgen Kurths, and Bruno Merz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2235–2251, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2235-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2235-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the climate/hydrology network, each node represents a geographical location of climatological data, and links between nodes are set up based on their interaction or similar variability. Here, using network theory, we first generate a node-ranking measure and then prioritize the rain gauges to identify influential and expandable stations across Germany. To show the applicability of the proposed approach, we also compared the results with existing traditional and contemporary network measures.
Milena Latinović, Volker Klemann, Christopher Irrgang, Meike Bagge, Sebastian Specht, and Maik Thomas
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-50, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-50, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
By using geological samples we are trying to validate the models that are reconstructing the sea level in the past 20 000 years. We applied proposed statistical method using 4 types of shells that were found in the area of the Hudson Bay on 140 members of model ensemble. After the comparison of the the results with studies from this area, we concluded that the method is suitable for validation of model ensemble based sea-level change caused by land movement of the Earth due to ice-age burden.
K. Vogel, C. Riggelsen, O. Korup, and F. Scherbaum
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2605–2626, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2605-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2605-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject area: The evolving Earth surface | Editorial team: Seismics, seismology, paleoseismology, geoelectrics, and electromagnetics | Discipline: Seismology
A borehole trajectory inversion scheme to adjust the measurement geometry for 3D travel-time tomography on glaciers
Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) noise reduction from horizontal and vertical components using harmonic–percussive separation algorithms
Towards real-time seismic monitoring of a geothermal plant using Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Upper-lithospheric structure of northeastern Venezuela from joint inversion of surface-wave dispersion and receiver functions
A study on the effect of input data length on a deep-learning-based magnitude classifier
Multi-array analysis of volcano-seismic signals at Fogo and Brava, Cape Verde
Reflection imaging of complex geology in a crystalline environment using virtual-source seismology: case study from the Kylylahti polymetallic mine, Finland
The damaging character of shallow 20th century earthquakes in the Hainaut coal area (Belgium)
The effect of 2020 COVID-19 lockdown measures on seismic noise recorded in Romania
Accelerating Bayesian microseismic event location with deep learning
Strain to ground motion conversion of distributed acoustic sensing data for earthquake magnitude and stress drop determination
Regional centroid moment tensor inversion of small to moderate earthquakes in the Alps using the dense AlpArray seismic network: challenges and seismotectonic insights
Unprecedented quiescence in resource development area allows detection of long-lived latent seismicity
Seismic monitoring of urban activity in Barcelona during the COVID-19 lockdown
Seismic signature of the COVID-19 lockdown at the city scale: a case study with low-cost seismometers in the city of Querétaro, Mexico
Characterizing the oceanic ambient noise as recorded by the dense seismo-acoustic Kazakh network
Seismic evidence of the COVID-19 lockdown measures: a case study from eastern Sicily (Italy)
Sensing Earth and environment dynamics by telecommunication fiber-optic sensors: an urban experiment in Pennsylvania, USA
Sebastian Hellmann, Melchior Grab, Cedric Patzer, Andreas Bauder, and Hansruedi Maurer
Solid Earth, 14, 805–821, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Acoustic waves are suitable to analyse the physical properties of the subsurface. For this purpose, boreholes are quite useful to deploy a source and receivers in the target area to get a comprehensive high-resolution dataset. However, when conducting such experiments in a subsurface such as glaciers that continuously move, the boreholes get deformed. In our study, we therefore developed a method that allows an analysis of the ice while considering deformations.
Zahra Zali, Theresa Rein, Frank Krüger, Matthias Ohrnberger, and Frank Scherbaum
Solid Earth, 14, 181–195, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Investigation of the global Earth's structure benefits from the analysis of ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data that allow an improved seismic illumination of dark spots of crustal and mantle structures in the oceanic regions of the Earth. However, recordings from the ocean bottom are often highly contaminated by noise. We developed an OBS noise reduction algorithm, which removes much of the oceanic noise while preserving the earthquake signal and does not introduce waveform distortion.
Jerome Azzola, Katja Thiemann, and Emmanuel Gaucher
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1417, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1417, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Distributed Acoustic Sensing is applied to the micro-seismic monitoring of a geothermal plant. In this domain, the feasibility of managing the large flow of generated data and their suitability to monitor locally induced seismicity was yet to be assessed. The proposed monitoring system efficiently managed the acquisition, processing and saving of the data over a 6-month period. This testing period proved that the monitoring concept advantageously complements more classical monitoring networks.
Roberto Cabieces, Mariano S. Arnaiz-Rodríguez, Antonio Villaseñor, Elizabeth Berg, Andrés Olivar-Castaño, Sergi Ventosa, and Ana M. G. Ferreira
Solid Earth, 13, 1781–1801, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1781-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1781-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new 3D shear-wave velocity model of the lithosphere of northeastern Venezuela, including new Moho and Vp / Vs maps. Data were retrieved from land and broadband ocean bottom seismometers from the BOLIVAR experiment.
Megha Chakraborty, Wei Li, Johannes Faber, Georg Rümpker, Horst Stoecker, and Nishtha Srivastava
Solid Earth, 13, 1721–1729, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake magnitude is a crucial parameter in defining its damage potential, and hence its speedy determination is essential to issue an early warning in regions close to the epicentre. This study summarises our findings in an attempt to apply deep-learning-based classifiers to earthquake waveforms, particularly with respect to finding an optimum length of input data. We conclude that the input length has no significant effect on the model accuracy, which varies between 90 %–94 %.
Carola Leva, Georg Rümpker, and Ingo Wölbern
Solid Earth, 13, 1243–1258, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1243-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1243-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The seismicity of Fogo and Brava, Cape Verde, is dominated by volcano-tectonic earthquakes in the area of Brava and volcanic seismic signals, such as hybrid events, on Fogo. We locate these events using a multi-array analysis, which allows the localization of seismic events occurring outside the network and of volcanic signals lacking clear phases. We observe exceptionally high apparent velocities for the hybrid events located on Fogo. These velocities are likely caused by a complex ray path.
Michal Chamarczuk, Michal Malinowski, Deyan Draganov, Emilia Koivisto, Suvi Heinonen, and Sanna Rötsä
Solid Earth, 13, 705–723, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In passive seismic measurement, all noise sources from the environment, such as traffic, vibrations caused by distant excavation, and explosive work from underground mines, are utilized. In the Kylylahti experiment, receivers recorded ambient noise sources for 30 d. These recordings were subjected to data analysis and processing using novel methodology developed in our study and used for imaging the subsurface geology of the Kylylahti mine area.
Thierry Camelbeeck, Koen Van Noten, Thomas Lecocq, and Marc Hendrickx
Solid Earth, 13, 469–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Over the 20th century, shallow damaging seismicity occurred in and near the Hainaut coal mining area in Belgium. We provide an overview of earthquake parameters and impacts, combining felt and damage testimonies and instrumental measurements. Shallower earthquakes have a depth and timing compatible with mining activity. The most damaging events occurred deeper than the mines but could still have been triggered by mining-caused crustal changes. Our modelling can be applied to other regions.
Bogdan Grecu, Felix Borleanu, Alexandru Tiganescu, Natalia Poiata, Raluca Dinescu, and Dragos Tataru
Solid Earth, 12, 2351–2368, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The lockdown imposed in Romania to prevent the spread of COVID-19 has significantly impacted human activity across the country. By analyzing the ground vibrations recorded at seismic stations, we were able to monitor the changes in human activity before and during the lockdown.
The reduced human activity during the lockdown has also provided a good opportunity for stations sited in noisy urban areas to record earthquake signals that would not have been recorded under normal conditions.
Alessio Spurio Mancini, Davide Piras, Ana Margarida Godinho Ferreira, Michael Paul Hobson, and Benjamin Joachimi
Solid Earth, 12, 1683–1705, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1683-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1683-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The localization of an earthquake is affected by many uncertainties. To correctly propagate these uncertainties into an estimate of the earthquake coordinates and their associated errors, many simulations of seismic waves are needed. This operation is computationally very intensive, hindering the feasibility of this approach. In this paper, we present a series of deep-learning methods to produce accurate seismic traces in a fraction of the time needed with standard methods.
Itzhak Lior, Anthony Sladen, Diego Mercerat, Jean-Paul Ampuero, Diane Rivet, and Serge Sambolian
Solid Earth, 12, 1421–1442, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1421-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1421-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The increasing use of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) inhibits the transformation of optical fibers into dense arrays of seismo-acoustic sensors. Here, DAS strain records are converted to ground motions using the waves' apparent velocity. An algorithm for velocity determination is presented, accounting for velocity variations between different seismic waves. The conversion allows for robust determination of fundamental source parameters, earthquake magnitude and stress drop.
Gesa Maria Petersen, Simone Cesca, Sebastian Heimann, Peter Niemz, Torsten Dahm, Daniela Kühn, Jörn Kummerow, Thomas Plenefisch, and the AlpArray and AlpArray-Swath-D working groups
Solid Earth, 12, 1233–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1233-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1233-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Alpine mountains are known for a complex tectonic history. We shed light onto ongoing tectonic processes by studying rupture mechanisms of small to moderate earthquakes between 2016 and 2019 observed by the temporary AlpArray seismic network. The rupture processes of 75 earthquakes were analyzed, along with past earthquakes and deformation data. Our observations point at variations in the underlying tectonic processes and stress regimes across the Alps.
Rebecca O. Salvage and David W. Eaton
Solid Earth, 12, 765–783, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-765-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-765-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Small earthquakes in Alberta and north-east British Columbia have been previously ascribed to industrial activities. The COVID-19 pandemic forced almost all these activities to stop for ~ 4 months. However, unexpectedly, earthquakes still occurred during this time. Some of these earthquakes may be natural and some the result of earthquakes > M6 occurring around the world. However, ~ 65 % of the earthquakes detected may be the remnants of previous fluid injection in the area (
latent seismicity).
Jordi Diaz, Mario Ruiz, and José-Antonio Jara
Solid Earth, 12, 725–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-725-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-725-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, the city of Barcelona was covered by a network of 19 seismometers. The results confirm that the quieting of human activity during lockdown has resulted in a reduction of seismic vibrations. The different lockdown phases in Barcelona are recognized consistently at most of the seismic stations. Our contribution demonstrates that seismic noise can be used as a free and reliable tool to monitor human activity in urban environments.
Raphael S. M. De Plaen, Víctor Hugo Márquez-Ramírez, Xyoli Pérez-Campos, F. Ramón Zuñiga, Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez, Juan Martín Gómez González, and Lucia Capra
Solid Earth, 12, 713–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-713-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-713-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in countries with a dominant informal economy have been a greater challenge than in other places. This motivated the monitoring of the mobility of populations with seismic noise throughout the various phases of lockdown and in the city of Querétaro (central Mexico). Our results emphasize the benefit of densifying urban seismic networks, even with low-cost instruments, to observe variations in mobility at the city scale over exclusively relying on mobile technology.
Alexandr Smirnov, Marine De Carlo, Alexis Le Pichon, Nikolai M. Shapiro, and Sergey Kulichkov
Solid Earth, 12, 503–520, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-503-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-503-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic and infrasound methods are techniques used to monitor natural events and explosions. At low frequencies, band signal can be dominated by microbaroms and microseisms. The noise observations in the Kazakh network are performed and compared with source and propagation modeling. The network is dense and well situated for studying very distant source regions of the ambient noise. The prospects are opening for the use of ocean noise in solid Earth and atmosphere tomography.
Andrea Cannata, Flavio Cannavò, Giuseppe Di Grazia, Marco Aliotta, Carmelo Cassisi, Raphael S. M. De Plaen, Stefano Gresta, Thomas Lecocq, Placido Montalto, and Mariangela Sciotto
Solid Earth, 12, 299–317, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-299-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-299-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries put in place social interventions, aimed at restricting human mobility, which caused a decrease in the seismic noise, generated by human activities and called anthropogenic seismic noise. In densely populated eastern Sicily, we observed a decrease in the seismic noise amplitude reaching 50 %. We found similarities between the temporal patterns of seismic noise and human mobility, as quantified by mobile-phone-derived data and ship traffic data.
Tieyuan Zhu, Junzhu Shen, and Eileen R. Martin
Solid Earth, 12, 219–235, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-219-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-219-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the Fiber Optic foR Environmental SEnsEing (FORESEE) project in Pennsylvania, USA, the first continuous-monitoring distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber array in the eastern USA. With the success of collecting 1 year of continuous DAS recordings using nearly 5 km of telecommunication fiber underneath the university campus, we conclude that DAS along with telecommunication fiber will potentially serve the purpose of continuous near-surface seismic monitoring in populated areas.
Cited articles
Allstadt, K.: Extracting source characteristics and dynamics of the August
2010 Mount Meager landslide from broadband seismograms, J.
Geophys. Res.-Earth, 118, 1472–1490, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20110,
2013. a
Allstadt, K. E., Jibson, R. W., Thompson, E. M., Massey, C. I., Wald, D. J.,
Godt, J. W., and Rengers, F. K.: Improving Near-Real-Time Coseismic
Landslide Models: Lessons Learned from the 2016 Kaikoura, New Zealand,
Earthquake, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 108,
1649–1664, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170297,
2018. a
Anderson, J. G. and Richards, P. G.: Comparison of Strong Ground Motion from
Several Dislocation Models*, Geophys. J. Int., 42, 347–373, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1975.tb05866.x,
1975. a, b, c
Asano, K. and Iwata, T.: Source rupture processes of the foreshock and
mainshock in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence estimated from the
kinematic waveform inversion of strong motion data, Earth Planets Space,
68, 1–147, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0519-9,
2016. a
Baker, J. W.: Quantitative Classification of Near-Fault Ground Motions Using
Wavelet Analysis, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 97,
1486–1501, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060255,
2007. a
Bernard, P. and Madariaga, R.: a New Asymptotic Method for the Modeling of
Near-Field Accelerograms, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
74, 539–557, 1984. a
Boore, D. M. and Bommer, J. J.: Processing of strong-motion accelerograms:
Needs, options and consequences, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng.,
25, 93–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.10.007, 2005. a, b
Bora, S. S., Scherbaum, F., Kuehn, N., Stafford, P., and Edwards, B.:
Development of a Response Spectral Ground-Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE)
for Seismic-Hazard Analysis from Empirical Fourier Spectral and Duration
Models, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 105, 2192–2218,
https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140297, 2015. a
Bray, J. D. and Rodriguez-Marek, A.: Characterization of forward-directivity
ground motions in the near-fault region, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 24, 815–828,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.05.001,
2004. a
Bray, J. D. and Travasarou, T.: Simplified Procedure for Estimating
Earthquake-Induced Deviatoric Slope Displacements, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 133, 381–392,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:4(381), 2007. a
Brune, J. N.: Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from
earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 4997–5009, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB075i026p04997,
1970. a, b
Campillo, M. and Plantet, J.: Frequency dependence and spatial distribution
of seismic attenuation in France: experimental results and possible
interpretations, Phys. Earth Planet. In., 67, 48–64,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(91)90059-Q, 1991. a
Chen, C.-W., Chen, H., Wei, L.-W., Lin, G.-W., Iida, T., and Yamada, R.:
Evaluating the susceptibility of landslide landforms in Japan using slope
stability analysis: a case study of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake,
Landslides, 14, 1793–1801, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0872-1,
2017. a, b, c
Chigira, M. and Yagi, H.: Geological and geomorphological characteristics of
landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan,
Eng. Geol., 82, 202–221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.10.006, 2006. a
Choy, G. L. and Cormier, V. F.: Direct measurement of the mantle attenuation
operator from broadband P and S Waveforms, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
91, 7326–7342, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB07p07326,
1986. a
Dadson, S. J., Hovius, N., Chen, H., Dade, W. B., Lin, J.-C., Hsu, M.-L.,
Lin,
C.-W., Horng, M.-J., Chen, T.-C., Milliman, J., and Stark, C. P.:
Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain
belt, Geology, 32, 733–736, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20639.1,
2004. a
Dang, K., Sassa, K., Fukuoka, H., Sakai, N., Sato, Y., Takara, K., Quang,
L. H., Loi, D. H., Van Tien, P., and Ha, N. D.: Mechanism of two rapid and
long-runout landslides in the 16 April 2016 Kumamoto earthquake using a
ring-shear apparatus and computer simulation (LS-RAPID), Landslides, 13,
1525–1534, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-016-0748-9,
2016. a, b
Domej, G., Bourdeau, C., Lenti, L., Martino, S., and Pluta, K.: Mean
landslide geometries inferred from globla database, Ital. J. Eng. Geol.
Environ., 2, 87–107, https://doi.org/10.4408/IJEGE.2017-02.O-05, 2017. a
Fan, X., Scaringi, G., Xu, Q., Zhan, W., Dai, L., Li, Y., Pei, X., Yang, Q.,
and Huang, R.: Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 Ms 7.0
Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial
distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault
identification, Landslides, 15, 967–983, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-0960-x,
2018. a, b
Festa, G., Zollo, A., and Lancieri, M.: Earthquake magnitude estimation from
early radiated energy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22307,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035576,
2008. a
Fleming, R. W. and Johnson, A. M.: Structures associated with strike-slip
faults that bound landslide elements, Eng. Geol., 27, 39–114,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(89)90031-8,
1989. a
Frankel, A.: Rupture Process of the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake:
Subevents, Directivity, and Scaling of High-Frequency Ground Motions,
Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 94, S234–S255,
https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040612,
2004. a
Gorum, T., Fan, X., van Westen, C. J., Huang, R. Q., Xu, Q., Tang, C., and
Wang, G.: Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by
the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 152–167,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.030,
2011. a, b
Gorum, T., Korup, O., van Westen, C. J., van der Meijde, M., Xu, C., and
van der Meer, F. D.: Why so few? Landslides triggered by the 2002 Denali
earthquake, Alaska, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 95, 80–94,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.032,
2014. a
Hanks, T. C. and Kanamori, H.: A moment magnitude scale, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2348, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02348,
1979. a
Haskell, N.: Determination of earthquake energy release and ML using
TERRAscope, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 59, 865–908,
1969. a
Havenith, H. B., Torgoev, A., Schlögel, R., Braun, A., Torgoev, I., and
Ischuk, A.: Tien Shan Geohazards Database: Landslide susceptibility
analysis, Geomorphology, 249, 32–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.03.019,
2015. a
Havenith, H.-B., Torgoev, A., Braun, A., Schlögel, R., and Micu, M.: A
new classification of earthquake-induced landslide event sizes based on
seismotectonic, topographic, climatic and geologic factors, Geoenviron. Disast.,
3, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-016-0041-1,
2016. a
Hovius, N. and Meunier, P.: Earthquake ground motion and patterns of
seismically induced landsliding, in: Landslides, edited by: Clague, J. J. and
Stead, D., 24–36, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511740367.004,
2012. a
Ji, C., Helmberger, D. V., Wald, D. J., and Ma, K.-F.: Slip history and
dynamic implications of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake, J. Geophys.
Res.-Earth, 108, 16 pp., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001764,
2003. a
Jibson, R. W.: Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide
displacement, Eng. Geol., 91, 209–218,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.01.013,
2007. a, b, c
Jibson, R. W., Harp, E. L., and Michael, J. A.: A method for producing
digital
probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Eng. Geol., 58,
271–289, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00039-9, 2000. a
Lee, C.-T.: Re-Evaluation of Factors Controlling Landslides Triggered by the
1999 Chi–Chi Earthquake, in: Earthquake-Induced Landslides,
Springer Natural Hazards, 213–224, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin,
Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32238-9_22,
2013. a, b
Leonard, M.: Earthquake Fault Scaling: Self-Consistent Relating of Rupture
Length, Width, Average Displacement, and Moment Release, Bull. Seismol.
Soc. Am., 100, 1971–1988, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090189,
2010. a, b
Marc, O., Meunier, P., and Hovius, N.: Prediction of the area affected by
earthquake-induced landsliding based on seismological parameters, Nat.
Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1159–1175,
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017, 2017. a
Marc, O., Behling, R., Andermann, C., Turowski, J. M., Illien, L., Roessner,
S., and Hovius, N.: Long-term erosion of the Nepal Himalayas by bedrock
landsliding: the role of monsoons, earthquakes and giant landslides, Earth
Surf. Dynam., 7, 107–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019, 2019. a
Martel, S.: Mechanics of landslide initiation as a shear fracture
phenomenon,
Marine Geol., 203, 319–339, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00313-X,
2004. a, b, c
Massa, M., Barani, S., and Lovati, S.: Overview of topographic effects based
on experimental observations: meaning, causes and possible interpretations,
Geophys. J. Int., 197, 1537–1550, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt341,
2014. a
Massey, C., Townsend, D., Rathje, E., Allstadt, K. E., Lukovic, B., Kaneko,
Y.,
Bradley, B., Wartman, J., Jibson, R. W., Petley, D. N., Horspool, N.,
Hamling, I., Carey, J., Cox, S., Davidson, J., Dellow, S., Godt, J. W.,
Holden, C., Jones, K., Kaiser, A., Little, M., Lyndsell, B., McColl, S.,
Morgenstern, R., Rengers, F. K., Rhoades, D., Rosser, B., Strong, D.,
Singeisen, C., and Villeneuve, M.: Landslides Triggered by the 14 November
2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 108, 1630–1648, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170305,
2018. a, b
Matsumoto, J.: Heavy rainfalls over East Asia, Int. J.
Climatol., 9, 407–423, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370090407,
1989. a
Maufroy, E., Cruz-Atienza, V. M., and Gaffet, S.: A Robust Method for
Assessing 3-D Topographic Site Effects: A Case Study at the LSBB Underground
Laboratory, France, Earthq. Spectra, 28, 1097–1115,
https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000050,
2012. a
McClung, D. M.: Fracture mechanical models of dry slab avalanche release,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 86, 10783–10790,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB11p10783,
1981. a
Meunier, P., Hovius, N., and Haines, J. A.: Topographic site effects and the
location of earthquake induced landslides, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,
275, 221–232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.020,
2008. a
Meunier, P., Uchida, T., and Hovius, N.: Landslide patterns reveal the
sources
of large earthquakes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 363, 27–33,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.018,
2013. a
Miles, S. B. and Keefer, D. K.: Evaluation of CAMEL - comprehensive areal
model of earthquake-induced landslides, Eng. Geol., 104, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.08.004,
2009. a
Moore, J. D. P., Yu, H., Tang, C.-H., Wang, T., Barbot, S., Peng, D., Masuti,
S., Dauwels, J., Hsu, Y.-J., Lambert, V., Nanjundiah, P., Wei, S., Lindsey,
E., Feng, L., and Shibazaki, B.: Imaging the distribution of transient
viscosity after the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake, Science, 356,
163–167, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal3422,
2017. a
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention:
Disaster Research Institute for Science and Technology Research Materials, 1:50 000 landslide topography map,
available at: http://dil-opac.bosai.go.jp/publication/nied_tech_note/landslidemap/index.html (last access: 19 March 2019),
2014. a
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention:
Sediment movement distribution map by the Kumamoto earthquake,
available at: http://www.bosai.go.jp/mizu/dosha.html (last access: 27 June 2016), 2016. a
Newman, A. V. and Okal, E. A.: Teleseismic estimates of radiated seismic
energy: The E/M 0 discriminant for tsunami earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 103, 26885–26898,
https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02236,
1998. a
Paudel, P. P., Omura, H., Kubota, T., and Devkota, B.: Characterization of
terrain surface and mechanisms of shallow landsliding in upper Kurokawa
watershed, Mt Aso, western Japan, Bull. Eng. Geol.
Environ., 67, 87–95, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-007-0108-z,
2008. a
Pawluszek, K. and Borkowski, A.: Impact of DEM-derived factors and
analytical
hierarchy process on landslide susceptibility mapping in the region of
Rożnów Lake, Poland, Nat. Hazards, 86, 919–952,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2725-y, 2017. a
Planchon, O. and Darboux, F.: A fast, simple and versatile algorithm to fill
the depressions of digital elevation models, CATENA, 46, 159–176,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(01)00164-3,
2001. a
Roback, K., Clark, M. K., West, A. J., Zekkos, D., Li, G., Gallen, S. F.,
Chamlagain, D., and Godt, J. W.: The size, distribution, and mobility of
landslides caused by the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal,
Geomorphology, 301, 121–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.030,
2018. a, b
Romeo, R.: Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model,
Eng. Geol., 58, 337–351, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00042-9, 2000. a
Rudnicki, J. W. and Freund, L. B.: On energy radiation from seismic
sources, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 71, 583–595, 1981. a
Sato, T., Chigira, M., and Matsushi, Y.: Topographic and Geological Features
of Landslides Induced by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake in the Western Part of
the Aso Caldera, DPRI Ann., 60B, 431–452,
2017. a
Schnabel, P. B. and Bolton Seed, H.: Accelerations in rock for earthquakes
in the western United States, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 63, 501–516, 1973. a
Schwarz, G.: Estimating the Dimension of a Model, Ann. Stat.,
6, 461–464, https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176344136,
1978. a
Shoja-Taheri, B. Y. J. and Anderson, J. G.: The 1978 Tabas, Iran,
earthquake:
an interpretation of the strong motion records, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 78, 142–171, 1988. a
Sidle, R. C. and Chigira, M.: Landslides and debris flows strike kyushu,
japan, Eos, 85, 145–156, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004EO150001, 2004. a
Somerville, P., Irikura, K., Graves, R., Sawada, S., Wald, D., Abrahamson,
N.,
Iwasaki, Y., Kagawa, T., Smith, N., and Kowada, A.: Characterizing Crustal
Earthquake Slip Models for the Prediction of Strong Ground Motion,
Seismol. Res. Lett., 70, 59–80, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.70.1.59,
1999. a, b, c
Somerville, P. G., Smith, N. F., Graves, R. W., and Abrahamson, N. a.:
Modification of Empirical Strong Ground Motion Attenuation Relations to
Include the Amplitude and Duration Effects of Rupture Directivity,
Seismol. Res. Lett., 68, 199–222, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.1.199,
1997. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k
Song, K., Wang, F., Dai, Z., Iio, A., Osaka, O., and Sakata, S.: Geological
characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in
Mt. Aso volcano, Japan, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ.,
78, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1097-1,
2017. a
Spudich, B. P., Chiou, B. S. J., Graves, R., Collins, N., and Somerville, P.:
A Formulation of Directivity for Earthquake Sources Using Isochrone Theory,
U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rept. 2004-1268, p. 54, 2004. a
Spudich, P. and Chiou, B. S. J.: Directivity in NGA earthquake ground
motions:
Analysis using isochrone theory, Earthq. Spectra, 24, 279–298,
https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2928225, 2008. a, b
Strasser, F. O., Arango, M. C., and Bommer, J. J.: Scaling of the Source
Dimensions of Interface and Intraslab Subduction-zone Earthquakes with Moment
Magnitude, Seismol. Res. Lett., 81, 941–950,
https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.6.941,
2010. a
Tang, R., Fan, X., Scaringi, G., Xu, Q., van Westen, C. J., Ren, J., and
Havenith, H.-B.: Distinctive controls on the distribution of river-damming
and non-damming landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Bull.
Eng. Geol. Environ., 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1381-8,
2018. a, b, c
Tarantola, A.: Inverse problem theory and methods for model parameter
estimation, SIAM, 342 pp., 2005. a
Taylor, S. R., Bonner, B. P., and Zandt, G.: Attenuation and scattering of
broadband P and S waves across North America, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 91,
7309–7325, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB07p07309,
1986. a
Tinti, E., Fukuyama, E., Piatanesi, A., and Cocco, M.: A Kinematic
Source-Time Function Compatible with Earthquake Dynamics, Bull. Seismol.
Soc. Am., 95, 1211–1223, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040177, 2005. a
Torgoev, A. and Havenith, H. B.: 2D dynamic studies combined with the
surface
curvature analysis to predict Arias Intensity amplification, J.
Seismol., 20, 711–731, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9553-0,
2016. a
Travasarou, T., Bray, J. D., and Abrahamson, N. A.: Empirical attenuation
relationship for Arias Intensity, Earthq. Eng. Struct.
D., 32, 1133–1155, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.270,
2003. a
Uchide, T., Horikawa, H., Nakai, M., Matsushita, R., Shigematsu, N., Ando,
R.,
and Imanishi, K.: The 2016 Kumamoto–Oita earthquake sequence: aftershock
seismicity gap and dynamic triggering in volcanic areas, Earth Planets Space,
68, 180 pp., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0556-4,
2016.
a, b, c, d
Wang, R., Schurr, B., Milkereit, C., Shao, Z., and Jin, M.: An Improved
Automatic Scheme for Empirical Baseline Correction of Digital Strong-Motion
Records, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 101, 2029–2044,
https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110039,
2011. a
Weber, B.: Tragwerksdynamik: Vorlesung, Sommersemester 2002, ETH Zürich,
Abteilung für Bauingenieurwesen, Institut für Baustatik und
Konstruktion, 170 pp., https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004375919, 2002. a
Yagi, Y., Okuwaki, R., Enescu, B., Kasahara, A., Miyakawa, A., and Otsubo,
M.:
Rupture process of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in relation to the thermal
structure around Aso volcano, Earth Planets Space, 68, 118 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0492-3,
2016. a
Yamada, M., Heaton, T., and Beck, J.: Real-Time Estimation of Fault Rupture
Extent Using Near-Source versus Far-Source Classification, Bull. Seismol.
Soc. Am., 97, 1890–1910, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060243,
2007. a
Yamada, M., Kumagai, H., Matsushi, Y., and Matsuzawa, T.: Dynamic landslide
processes revealed by broadband seismic records, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
40, 2998–3002, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50437,
2013. a
Yamada, M., Mangeney, A., Matsushi, Y., and Matsuzawa, T.: Estimation of
dynamic friction and movement history of large landslides, Landslides, 15,
1–12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-1002-4,
2018. a
Yoffe, E. H.: LXXV. The moving griffith crack, The London, Edinburgh, and
Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 42, 739–750,
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786445108561302,
1951. a
Yoshida, K., Miyakoshi, K., Somei, K., and Irikura, K.: Source process of
the
2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Mj7.3) inferred from kinematic inversion of
strong-motion records, Earth Planets Space, 69, 64 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-017-0649-8,
2017. a, b
Yuan, R.-M., Deng, Q.-H., Cunningham, D., Xu, C., Xu, X.-W., and Chang,
C.-P.:
Density Distribution of Landslides Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
and their Relationships to Peak Ground Acceleration, Bull. Seismol. Soc.
Am., 103, 2344–2355, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110233,
2013. a
Zevenbergen, L. W. and Thorne, C. R.: Quantitative analysis of land surface
topography, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 12, 47–56,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290120107, 1987. a
Short summary
We show the landslide response to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Mw 7.1) in central Kyushu (Japan). Landslides are concentrated to the northeast of the rupture, coinciding with the propagation direction of the earthquake. This azimuthal variation in the landslide concentration is linked to the seismic rupture process itself and not to classical landslide susceptibility factors. We propose a new ground-motion model that links the seismic radiation pattern with the landslide distribution.
We show the landslide response to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Mw 7.1) in central Kyushu...
