Articles | Volume 10, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-741-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-741-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
04 Jun 2019
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 04 Jun 2019
| 04 Jun 2019
The Bortoluzzi Mud Volcano (Ionian Sea, Italy) and its potential for tracking the seismic cycle of active faults
Marco Cuffaro
Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, CNR, Rome, Italy
Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, CNR, Rome, Italy
Sabina Bigi
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Rome, Italy
Alessandro Bosman
Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, CNR, Rome, Italy
Cinzia G. Caruso
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Palermo, Italy
Alessia Conti
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Rome, Italy
Andrea Corbo
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Palermo, Italy
Antonio Costanza
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Gibilmanna, Italy
Giuseppe D'Anna
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Gibilmanna, Italy
Carlo Doglioni
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Rome, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
Paolo Esestime
Spectrum Geo Ltd, Woking, UK
Gioacchino Fertitta
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Gibilmanna, Italy
Luca Gasperini
Istituto di Scienze Marine, CNR, Bologna, Italy
Francesco Italiano
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Palermo, Italy
Gianluca Lazzaro
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Palermo, Italy
Marco Ligi
Istituto di Scienze Marine, CNR, Bologna, Italy
Manfredi Longo
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Palermo, Italy
Eleonora Martorelli
Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, CNR, Rome, Italy
Lorenzo Petracchini
Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, CNR, Rome, Italy
Patrizio Petricca
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Rome, Italy
Alina Polonia
Istituto di Scienze Marine, CNR, Bologna, Italy
Tiziana Sgroi
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
Related authors
Fabio Trippetta, Patrizio Petricca, Andrea Billi, Cristiano Collettini, Marco Cuffaro, Anna Maria Lombardi, Davide Scrocca, Giancarlo Ventura, Andrea Morgante, and Carlo Doglioni
Solid Earth, 10, 1555–1579, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1555-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1555-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Considering all mapped faults in Italy, empirical scaling laws between fault dimensions and earthquake magnitude are used at the national scale. Results are compared with earthquake catalogues. The consistency between our results and the catalogues gives credibility to the method. Some large differences between the two datasets suggest the validation of this experiment elsewhere.
Michele Livani, Lorenzo Petracchini, Christoforos Benetatos, Francesco Marzano, Andrea Billi, Eugenio Carminati, Carlo Doglioni, Patrizio Petricca, Roberta Maffucci, Giulia Codegone, Vera Rocca, Francesca Verga, and Ilaria Antoncecchi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4261–4293, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4261-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4261-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents subsurface geological and geophysical data from the Po Plain and the northern Adriatic Sea (north Italy). We collected and digitized data from 160 deep wells (including geophysical logs), 61 geological cross-sections, and 10 isobath maps. Furthermore, after a data accuracy analysis, we generated a simplified 3D geological model with several gridded surfaces separating units with different lithological properties. All data are available in delimited text files in ASCII format.
Tzu-Hsuan Tu, Li-Ling Chen, Yi-Ping Chiu, Li-Hung Lin, Li-Wei Wu, Francesco Italiano, J. Bruce H. Shyu, Seyed Naser Raisossadat, and Pei-Ling Wang
Biogeosciences, 19, 831–843, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This investigation of microbial biogeography in terrestrial mud volcanoes (MVs) covers study sites over a geographic distance of up to 10 000 km across the Eurasian continent. It compares microbial community compositions' coupling with geochemical data across a 3D space. We demonstrate that stochastic processes operating at continental scales and environmental filtering at local scales drive the formation of patchy habitats and the pattern of diversification for microbes in terrestrial MVs.
Alessandro Gattuso, Francesco Italiano, Giorgio Capasso, Antonino D'Alessandro, Fausto Grassa, Antonino Fabio Pisciotta, and Davide Romano
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3407–3419, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3407-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3407-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Santa Barbara and Aragona are affected by mud volcanism with episodic hazardous paroxysm events. Two potentially hazardous paroxysm exposed surfaces of 0.12 and 0.20 km2 were elaborated with DSMs and with historical information on the paroxysms that occurred in the past. This paper, in the end, could be a useful tool for civil protection authorities in order to take appropriate risk mitigation measurements for exposed people and for monitoring activities.
Nicolas E. Beaudoin, Aurélie Labeur, Olivier Lacombe, Daniel Koehn, Andrea Billi, Guilhem Hoareau, Adrian Boyce, Cédric M. John, Marta Marchegiano, Nick M. Roberts, Ian L. Millar, Fanny Claverie, Christophe Pecheyran, and Jean-Paul Callot
Solid Earth, 11, 1617–1641, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1617-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1617-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports a multiproxy approach to reconstruct the depth, timing, and extent of the past fluid flow during the formation of a fold-and-thrust belt in the Northern Apennines, Italy. The unique combination of paleopiezometry and absolute dating returns the absolute timing of the sequence of deformation. Combined with burial models, this leads to predict the expected temperatures for fluid, highlighting a limited hydrothermal fluid flow we relate to the large-scale subsurface geometry.
Fabio Trippetta, Patrizio Petricca, Andrea Billi, Cristiano Collettini, Marco Cuffaro, Anna Maria Lombardi, Davide Scrocca, Giancarlo Ventura, Andrea Morgante, and Carlo Doglioni
Solid Earth, 10, 1555–1579, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1555-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1555-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Considering all mapped faults in Italy, empirical scaling laws between fault dimensions and earthquake magnitude are used at the national scale. Results are compared with earthquake catalogues. The consistency between our results and the catalogues gives credibility to the method. Some large differences between the two datasets suggest the validation of this experiment elsewhere.
Billy J. Andrews, Jennifer J. Roberts, Zoe K. Shipton, Sabina Bigi, M. Chiara Tartarello, and Gareth Johnson
Solid Earth, 10, 487–516, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-487-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-487-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Rocks often contain fracture networks, which can strongly affect subsurface fluid flow and the strength of a rock mass. Through fieldwork and workshops we show that people report a different number of fractures from the same sample area of a fracture network. This variability results in significant differences in derived fracture statistics, which are often used as inputs for geological models. We suggest protocols to recognise, understand, and limit this effect on fracture data collection.
Related subject area
Subject area: Tectonic plate interactions, magma genesis, and lithosphere deformation at all scales | Editorial team: Structural geology and tectonics, paleoseismology, rock physics, experimental deformation | Discipline: Tectonics
Melt-enhanced strain localization and phase mixing in a large-scale mantle shear zone (Ronda peridotite, Spain)
Hydrogen solubility of stishovite provides insights into water transportation to deep Earth
Extensional exhumation of cratons: insights from the Early Cretaceous Rio Negro-Juruena belt (Amazonian Craton, Colombia)
Selective inversion of rift basins in lithospheric-scale analogue experiments
Networks of geometrically coherent faults accommodate Alpine tectonic inversion offshore SW Iberia
The link between Somalian Plate rotation and the East African Rift System: an analogue modelling study
Inversion of extensional basins parallel and oblique to their boundaries: inferences from analogue models and field observations from the Dolomites Indenter, European eastern Southern Alps
Magnetic fabric analyses of basin inversion: a sandbox modelling approach
The influence of crustal strength on rift geometry and development – insights from 3D numerical modelling
Construction of the Ukrainian Carpathian wedge from low-temperature thermochronology and tectono-stratigraphic analysis
Analogue modelling of basin inversion: a review and future perspectives
Insights into the interaction of a shale with CO2
Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Slyne Basin
Control of crustal strength, tectonic inheritance, and stretching/ shortening rates on crustal deformation and basin reactivation: insights from laboratory models
Late Cretaceous–early Palaeogene inversion-related tectonic structures at the northeastern margin of the Bohemian Massif (southwestern Poland and northern Czechia)
The analysis of slip tendency of major tectonic faults in Germany
Earthquake ruptures and topography of the Chilean margin controlled by plate interface deformation
Late Quaternary faulting in the southern Matese (Italy): implications for earthquake potential and slip rate variability in the southern Apennines
Rare earth elements associated with carbonatite–alkaline complexes in western Rajasthan, India: exploration targeting at regional scale
Structural complexities and tectonic barriers controlling recent seismic activity in the Pollino area (Calabria–Lucania, southern Italy) – constraints from stress inversion and 3D fault model building
The Mid Atlantic Appalachian Orogen Traverse: a comparison of virtual and on-location field-based capstone experiences
Chronology of thrust propagation from an updated tectono-sedimentary framework of the Miocene molasse (western Alps)
Orogenic lithosphere and slabs in the greater Alpine area – interpretations based on teleseismic P-wave tomography
Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy
U–Pb dating of middle Eocene–Pliocene multiple tectonic pulses in the Alpine foreland
Detrital zircon provenance record of the Zagros mountain building from the Neotethys obduction to the Arabia–Eurasia collision, NW Zagros fold–thrust belt, Kurdistan region of Iraq
The Subhercynian Basin: an example of an intraplate foreland basin due to a broken plate
Late to post-Variscan basement segmentation and differential exhumation along the SW Bohemian Massif, central Europe
Holocene surface-rupturing earthquakes on the Dinaric Fault System, western Slovenia
Contribution of gravity gliding in salt-bearing rift basins – a new experimental setup for simulating salt tectonics under the influence of sub-salt extension and tilting
Thick- and thin-skinned basin inversion in the Danish Central Graben, North Sea – the role of deep evaporites and basement kinematics
Complex rift patterns, a result of interacting crustal and mantle weaknesses, or multiphase rifting? Insights from analogue models
Interactions of plutons and detachments: a comparison of Aegean and Tyrrhenian granitoids
Insights from elastic thermobarometry into exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks from Syros, Greece
Stress rotation – impact and interaction of rock stiffness and faults
Late Cretaceous to Paleogene exhumation in central Europe – localized inversion vs. large-scale domal uplift
Kinematics and extent of the Piemont–Liguria Basin – implications for subduction processes in the Alps
Effects of basal drag on subduction dynamics from 2D numerical models
Hydrocarbon accumulation in basins with multiple phases of extension and inversion: examples from the Western Desert (Egypt) and the western Black Sea
Long-wavelength late-Miocene thrusting in the north Alpine foreland: implications for late orogenic processes
A reconstruction of Iberia accounting for Western Tethys–North Atlantic kinematics since the late-Permian–Triassic
The enigmatic curvature of Central Iberia and its puzzling kinematics
Control of 3-D tectonic inheritance on fold-and-thrust belts: insights from 3-D numerical models and application to the Helvetic nappe system
Plio-Quaternary tectonic evolution of the southern margin of the Alboran Basin (Western Mediterranean)
Surface deformation relating to the 2018 Lake Muir earthquake sequence, southwest Western Australia: new insight into stable continental region earthquakes
Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia
Cenozoic deformation in the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps) constrained by in situ Th-Pb dating of fissure monazite
Uncertainties in break-up markers along the Iberia–Newfoundland margins illustrated by new seismic data
Tectonic inheritance controls nappe detachment, transport and stacking in the Helvetic nappe system, Switzerland: insights from thermomechanical simulations
Can subduction initiation at a transform fault be spontaneous?
Sören Tholen, Jolien Linckens, and Gernold Zulauf
Solid Earth, 14, 1123–1154, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Intense phase mixing with homogeneously distributed secondary phases and irregular grain boundaries and shapes indicates that metasomatism formed the microstructures predominant in the shear zone of the NW Ronda peridotite. Amphibole presence, olivine crystal orientations, and the consistency to the Beni Bousera peridotite (Morocco) point to OH-bearing metasomatism by small fractions of evolved melts. Results confirm a strong link between reactions and localized deformation in the upper mantle.
Mengdan Chen, Changxin Yin, Danling Chen, Long Tian, Liang Liu, and Lei Kang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2316, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2316, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Stishovite can incorporate varying amounts of water (H+, OH−, and H2O). We here provide a systematic review of previous studies on water in stishovite and propose a new model for water solubility in Al-bearing stishovite. Our results illustrated stishovite could effectively take over water released from processes such as breakdown and dehydration of hydrous minerals during slab subduction (>9 GPa), and thus could be an important hydrogen carrier making a water-rich transition zone.
Ana Fonseca, Simon Nachtergaele, Amed Bonilla, Stijn Dewaele, and Johan De Grave
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2113, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2113, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the erosion and exhumation processes and history of early continental crust hidden within the Amazonian rainforest. This crust forms part of the Amazon Craton, an ancient continental fragment. Our surprising findings reveal the area underwent rapid early Cretaceous exhumation, triggered by tectonic forces. This discovery challenges the traditional perception that cratons are stable and long-lived entities and shows they can deform readily under specific geological contexts.
Anindita Samsu, Weronika Gorczyk, Timothy Chris Schmid, Peter Graham Betts, Alexander Ramsay Cruden, Eleanor Morton, and Fatemeh Amirpoorsaeed
Solid Earth, 14, 909–936, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
When a continent is pulled apart, it breaks and forms a series of depressions called rift basins. These basins lie above weakened crust that is then subject to intense deformation during subsequent tectonic compression. Our analogue experiments show that when a system of basins is squeezed in a direction perpendicular to the main trend of the basins, some basins rise up to form mountains while others do not.
Tiago M. Alves
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1671, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine tectonic inversion is reviewed for SW Iberia, known for its historical earthquakes and tsunamis. High-quality 2D seismic data image 26 faults mapped to a depth exceeding 10 km. Normal faults accommodated important vertical uplift and shortening. They are 100–250 km long and may generate earthquakes with Mw > 8.0. Regions of Late Mesozoic magmatism comprise thickened, harder crust, forming lateral buttresses to compression, promoting the development of fold-and-thrust belts.
Frank Zwaan and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 14, 823–845, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The East African Rift System (EARS) is a major plate tectonic feature splitting the African continent apart. Understanding the tectonic processes involved is of great importance for societal and economic reasons (natural hazards, resources). Laboratory experiments allow us to simulate these large-scale processes, highlighting the links between rotational plate motion and the overall development of the EARS. These insights are relevant when studying other rift systems around the globe as well.
Anna-Katharina Sieberer, Ernst Willingshofer, Thomas Klotz, Hugo Ortner, and Hannah Pomella
Solid Earth, 14, 647–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through analogue models and field observations, we investigate how inherited platform–basin geometries control strain localisation, style, and orientation of reactivated and new structures during inversion. Our study shows that the style of evolving thrusts and their changes along-strike are controlled by pre-existing rheological discontinuities. The results of this study are relevant for understanding inversion structures in general and for the European eastern Southern Alps in particular.
Thorben Schöfisch, Hemin Koyi, and Bjarne Almqvist
Solid Earth, 14, 447–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A magnetic fabric analysis provides information about the reorientation of magnetic grains and is applied to three sandbox models that simulate different stages of basin inversion. The analysed magnetic fabrics reflect the different developed structures and provide insights into the different deformed stages of basin inversion. It is a first attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses to basin inversion sandbox models but shows the possibility of applying it to such models.
Thomas B. Phillips, John B. Naliboff, Ken J. W. McCaffrey, Sophie Pan, Jeroen van Hunen, and Malte Froemchen
Solid Earth, 14, 369–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Continental crust comprises bodies of varying strength, formed through numerous tectonic events. When subject to extension, these areas produce distinct rift and fault systems. We use 3D models to examine how rifts form above
strongand
weakareas of crust. We find that faults become more developed in weak areas. Faults are initially stopped at the boundaries with stronger areas before eventually breaking through. We relate our model observations to rift systems globally.
Marion Roger, Arjan de Leeuw, Peter van der Beek, Laurent Husson, Edward R. Sobel, Johannes Glodny, and Matthias Bernet
Solid Earth, 14, 153–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study the construction of the Ukrainian Carpathians with LT thermochronology (AFT, AHe, and ZHe) and stratigraphic analysis. QTQt thermal models are combined with burial diagrams to retrieve the timing and magnitude of sedimentary burial, tectonic burial, and subsequent exhumation of the wedge's nappes from 34 to ∼12 Ma. Out-of-sequence thrusting and sediment recycling during wedge building are also identified. This elucidates the evolution of a typical wedge in a roll-back subduction zone.
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, Oriol Ferrer, Riccardo Reitano, Michael Rudolf, and Ernst Willingshofer
Solid Earth, 13, 1859–1905, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional tectonic forces after its formation, it may be inverted. A thorough understanding of such
basin inversionis of great importance for scientific, societal, and economic reasons, and analogue tectonic models form a key part of our efforts to study these processes. We review the advances in the field of basin inversion modelling, showing how the modelling results can be applied, and we identify promising venues for future research.
Eleni Stavropoulou and Lyesse Laloui
Solid Earth, 13, 1823–1841, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Shales are identified as suitable caprock formations for geolocigal CO2 storage thanks to their low permeability. Here, small-sized shale samples are studied under field-representative conditions with X-ray tomography. The geochemical impact of CO2 on calcite-rich zones is for the first time visualised, the role of pre-existing micro-fissures in the CO2 invasion trapping in the matererial is highlighted, and the initiation of micro-cracks when in contact with anhydrous CO2 is demonstrated.
Conor M. O'Sullivan, Conrad J. Childs, Muhammad M. Saqab, John J. Walsh, and Patrick M. Shannon
Solid Earth, 13, 1649–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Slyne Basin is a sedimentary basin located offshore north-western Ireland. It formed through a long and complex evolution involving distinct periods of extension. The basin is subdivided into smaller basins, separated by deep structures related to the ancient Caledonian mountain-building event. These deep structures influence the shape of the basin as it evolves in a relatively unique way, where early faults follow these deep structures, but later faults do not.
Benjamin Guillaume, Guido M. Gianni, Jean-Jacques Kermarrec, and Khaled Bock
Solid Earth, 13, 1393–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Under tectonic forces, the upper part of the crust can break along different types of faults, depending on the orientation of the applied stresses. Using scaled analogue models, we show that the relative magnitude of compressional and extensional forces as well as the presence of inherited structures resulting from previous stages of deformation control the location and type of faults. Our results gives insights into the tectonic evolution of areas showing complex patterns of deformation.
Andrzej Głuszyński and Paweł Aleksandrowski
Solid Earth, 13, 1219–1242, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Old seismic data recently reprocessed with modern software allowed us to study at depth the Late Cretaceous tectonic structures in the Permo-Mesozoic rock sequences in the Sudetes. The structures formed in response to Iberia collision with continental Europe. The NE–SW compression undulated the crystalline basement top and produced folds, faults and joints in the sedimentary cover. Our results are of importance for regional geology and in prospecting for deep thermal waters.
Luisa Röckel, Steffen Ahlers, Birgit Müller, Karsten Reiter, Oliver Heidbach, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, and Frank Schilling
Solid Earth, 13, 1087–1105, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reactivation of tectonic faults can lead to earthquakes and jeopardize underground operations. The reactivation potential is linked to fault properties and the tectonic stress field. We create 3D geometries for major faults in Germany and use stress data from a 3D geomechanical–numerical model to calculate their reactivation potential and compare it to seismic events. The reactivation potential in general is highest for NNE–SSW- and NW–SE-striking faults and strongly depends on the fault dip.
Nadaya Cubas, Philippe Agard, and Roxane Tissandier
Solid Earth, 13, 779–792, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake extent prediction is limited by our poor understanding of slip deficit patterns. From a mechanical analysis applied along the Chilean margin, we show that earthquakes are bounded by extensive plate interface deformation. This deformation promotes stress build-up, leading to earthquake nucleation; earthquakes then propagate along smoothed fault planes and are stopped by heterogeneously distributed deformation. Slip deficit patterns reflect the spatial distribution of this deformation.
Paolo Boncio, Eugenio Auciello, Vincenzo Amato, Pietro Aucelli, Paola Petrosino, Anna C. Tangari, and Brian R. Jicha
Solid Earth, 13, 553–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the Gioia Sannitica normal fault (GF) within the southern Matese fault system (SMF) in southern Apennines (Italy). It is a fault with a long slip history that has experienced recent reactivation or acceleration. Present activity has resulted in late Quaternary fault scarps and Holocene surface faulting. The maximum slip rate is ~ 0.5 mm/yr. Activation of the 11.5 km GF or the entire 30 km SMF can produce up to M 6.2 or M 6.8 earthquakes, respectively.
Malcolm Aranha, Alok Porwal, Manikandan Sundaralingam, Ignacio González-Álvarez, Amber Markan, and Karunakar Rao
Solid Earth, 13, 497–518, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rare earth elements (REEs) are considered critical mineral resources for future industrial growth due to their short supply and rising demand. This study applied an artificial-intelligence-based technique to target potential REE-deposit hosting areas in western Rajasthan, India. Uncertainties associated with the prospective targets were also estimated to aid decision-making. The presented workflow can be applied to similar regions elsewhere to locate potential zones of REE mineralisation.
Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Totaro, Giusy Lavecchia, Barbara Orecchio, Rita de Nardis, Debora Presti, Federica Ferrarini, Simone Bello, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 13, 205–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Pollino region is a highly seismic area of Italy. Increasing the geological knowledge on areas like this contributes to reducing risk and saving lives. We reconstruct the 3D model of the faults which generated the 2010–2014 seismicity integrating geological and seismological data. Appropriate relationships based on the dimensions of the activated faults suggest that they did not fully discharge their seismic potential and could release further significant earthquakes in the near future.
Steven Whitmeyer, Lynn Fichter, Anita Marshall, and Hannah Liddle
Solid Earth, 12, 2803–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Field trips in the Stratigraphy, Structure, Tectonics (SST) course transitioned to a virtual format in Fall 2020, due to the COVID pandemic. Virtual field experiences (VFEs) were developed in web Google Earth and were evaluated in comparison with on-location field trips via an online survey. Students recognized the value of VFEs for revisiting outcrops and noted improved accessibility for students with disabilities. Potential benefits of hybrid field experiences were also indicated.
Amir Kalifi, Philippe Hervé Leloup, Philippe Sorrel, Albert Galy, François Demory, Vincenzo Spina, Bastien Huet, Frédéric Quillévéré, Frédéric Ricciardi, Daniel Michoux, Kilian Lecacheur, Romain Grime, Bernard Pittet, and Jean-Loup Rubino
Solid Earth, 12, 2735–2771, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Molasse deposits, deposited and deformed at the western Alpine front during the Miocene (23 to 5.6 Ma), record the chronology of that deformation. We combine the first precise chronostratigraphy (precision of ∼0.5 Ma) of the Miocene molasse, the reappraisal of the regional structure, and the analysis of growth deformation structures in order to document three tectonic phases and the precise chronology of thrust westward propagation during the second one involving the Belledonne basal thrust.
Mark R. Handy, Stefan M. Schmid, Marcel Paffrath, Wolfgang Friederich, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2633–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
New images from the multi-national AlpArray experiment illuminate the Alps from below. They indicate thick European mantle descending beneath the Alps and forming blobs that are mostly detached from the Alps above. In contrast, the Adriatic mantle in the Alps is much thinner. This difference helps explain the rugged mountains and the abundance of subducted and exhumed units at the core of the Alps. The blobs are stretched remnants of old ocean and its margins that reach down to at least 410 km.
Maurizio Ercoli, Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Pauselli, Harry M. Jol, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 12, 2573–2596, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Past strong earthquakes can produce topographic deformations, often
memorizedin Quaternary sediments, which are typically studied by paleoseismologists through trenching. Using a ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we unveiled possible buried Quaternary faulting in the Mt. Pollino seismic gap region (southern Italy). We aim to contribute to seismic hazard assessment of an area potentially prone to destructive events as well as promote our workflow in similar contexts around the world.
Luca Smeraglia, Nathan Looser, Olivier Fabbri, Flavien Choulet, Marcel Guillong, and Stefano M. Bernasconi
Solid Earth, 12, 2539–2551, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we dated fault movements at geological timescales which uplifted the sedimentary successions of the Jura Mountains from below the sea level up to Earth's surface. To do so, we applied the novel technique of U–Pb geochronology on calcite mineralizations that precipitated on fault surfaces during times of tectonic activity. Our results document a time frame of the tectonic evolution of the Jura Mountains and provide new insight into the broad geological history of the Western Alps.
Renas I. Koshnaw, Fritz Schlunegger, and Daniel F. Stockli
Solid Earth, 12, 2479–2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
As continental plates collide, mountain belts grow. This study investigated the provenance of rocks from the northwestern segment of the Zagros mountain belt to unravel the convergence history of the Arabian and Eurasian plates. Provenance data synthesis and field relationships suggest that the Zagros Mountains developed as a result of the oceanic crust emplacement on the Arabian continental plate, followed by the Arabia–Eurasia collision and later uplift of the broader region.
David Hindle and Jonas Kley
Solid Earth, 12, 2425–2438, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2425-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2425-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Central western Europe underwent a strange episode of lithospheric deformation, resulting in a chain of small mountains that run almost west–east across the continent and that formed in the middle of a tectonic plate, not at its edges as is usually expected. Associated with these mountains, in particular the Harz in central Germany, are marine basins contemporaneous with the mountain growth. We explain how those basins came to be as a result of the mountains bending the adjacent plate.
Andreas Eberts, Hamed Fazlikhani, Wolfgang Bauer, Harald Stollhofen, Helga de Wall, and Gerald Gabriel
Solid Earth, 12, 2277–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2277-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2277-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We combine gravity anomaly and topographic data with observations from thermochronology, metamorphic grades, and the granite inventory to detect patterns of basement block segmentation and differential exhumation along the southwestern Bohemian Massif. Based on our analyses, we introduce a previously unknown tectonic structure termed Cham Fault, which, together with the Pfahl and Danube shear zones, is responsible for the exposure of different crustal levels during late to post-Variscan times.
Christoph Grützner, Simone Aschenbrenner, Petra Jamšek
Rupnik, Klaus Reicherter, Nour Saifelislam, Blaž Vičič, Marko Vrabec, Julian Welte, and Kamil Ustaszewski
Solid Earth, 12, 2211–2234, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2211-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2211-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Several large strike-slip faults in western Slovenia are known to be active, but most of them have not produced strong earthquakes in historical times. In this study we use geomorphology, near-surface geophysics, and fault excavations to show that two of these faults had surface-rupturing earthquakes during the Holocene. Instrumental and historical seismicity data do not capture the strongest events in this area.
Michael Warsitzka, Prokop Závada, Fabian Jähne-Klingberg, and Piotr Krzywiec
Solid Earth, 12, 1987–2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1987-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1987-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A new analogue modelling approach was used to simulate the influence of tectonic extension and tilting of the basin floor on salt tectonics in rift basins. Our results show that downward salt flow and gravity gliding takes place if the flanks of the rift basin are tilted. Thus, extension occurs at the basin margins, which is compensated for by reduced extension and later by shortening in the graben centre. These outcomes improve the reconstruction of salt-related structures in rift basins.
Torsten Hundebøl Hansen, Ole Rønø Clausen, and Katrine Juul Andresen
Solid Earth, 12, 1719–1747, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have analysed the role of deep salt layers during tectonic shortening of a group of sedimentary basins buried below the North Sea. Due to the ability of salt to flow over geological timescales, the salt layers are much weaker than the surrounding rocks during tectonic deformation. Therefore, complex structures formed mainly where salt was present in our study area. Our results align with findings from other basins and experiments, underlining the importance of salt tectonics.
Frank Zwaan, Pauline Chenin, Duncan Erratt, Gianreto Manatschal, and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 12, 1473–1495, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1473-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used laboratory experiments to simulate the early evolution of rift systems, and the influence of structural weaknesses left over from previous tectonic events that can localize new deformation. We find that the orientation and type of such weaknesses can induce complex structures with different orientations during a single phase of rifting, instead of requiring multiple rifting phases. These findings provide a strong incentive to reassess the tectonic history of various natural examples.
Laurent Jolivet, Laurent Arbaret, Laetitia Le Pourhiet, Florent Cheval-Garabédian, Vincent Roche, Aurélien Rabillard, and Loïc Labrousse
Solid Earth, 12, 1357–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Although viscosity of the crust largely exceeds that of magmas, we show, based on the Aegean and Tyrrhenian Miocene syn-kinematic plutons, how the intrusion of granites in extensional contexts is controlled by crustal deformation, from magmatic stage to cold mylonites. We show that a simple numerical setup with partial melting in the lower crust in an extensional context leads to the formation of metamorphic core complexes and low-angle detachments reproducing the observed evolution of plutons.
Miguel Cisneros, Jaime D. Barnes, Whitney M. Behr, Alissa J. Kotowski, Daniel F. Stockli, and Konstantinos Soukis
Solid Earth, 12, 1335–1355, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1335-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1335-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Constraining the conditions at which rocks form is crucial for understanding geologic processes. For years, the conditions under which rocks from Syros, Greece, formed have remained enigmatic; yet these rocks are fundamental for understanding processes occurring at the interface between colliding tectonic plates (subduction zones). Here, we constrain conditions under which these rocks formed and show they were transported to the surface adjacent to the down-going (subducting) tectonic plate.
Karsten Reiter
Solid Earth, 12, 1287–1307, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1287-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1287-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The influence and interaction of elastic material properties (Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio), density and low-friction faults on the resulting far-field stress pattern in the Earth's crust is tested with generic models. A Young's modulus contrast can lead to a significant stress rotation. Discontinuities with low friction in homogeneous models change the stress pattern only slightly, away from the fault. In addition, active discontinuities are able to compensate stress rotation.
Hilmar von Eynatten, Jonas Kley, István Dunkl, Veit-Enno Hoffmann, and Annemarie Simon
Solid Earth, 12, 935–958, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-935-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-935-2021, 2021
Eline Le Breton, Sascha Brune, Kamil Ustaszewski, Sabin Zahirovic, Maria Seton, and R. Dietmar Müller
Solid Earth, 12, 885–913, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-885-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-885-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The former Piemont–Liguria Ocean, which separated Europe from Africa–Adria in the Jurassic, opened as an arm of the central Atlantic. Using plate reconstructions and geodynamic modeling, we show that the ocean reached only 250 km width between Europe and Adria. Moreover, at least 65 % of the lithosphere subducted into the mantle and/or incorporated into the Alps during convergence in Cretaceous and Cenozoic times comprised highly thinned continental crust, while only 35 % was truly oceanic.
Lior Suchoy, Saskia Goes, Benjamin Maunder, Fanny Garel, and Rhodri Davies
Solid Earth, 12, 79–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-79-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-79-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use 2D numerical models to highlight the role of basal drag in subduction force balance. We show that basal drag can significantly affect velocities and evolution in our simulations and suggest an explanation as to why there are no trends in plate velocities with age in the Cenozoic subduction record (which we extracted from recent reconstruction using GPlates). The insights into the role of basal drag will help set up global models of plate dynamics or specific regional subduction models.
William Bosworth and Gábor Tari
Solid Earth, 12, 59–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-59-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-59-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Many of the world's hydrocarbon resources are found in rifted sedimentary basins. Some rifts experience multiple phases of extension and inversion. This results in complicated oil and gas generation, migration, and entrapment histories. We present examples of basins in the Western Desert of Egypt and the western Black Sea that were inverted multiple times, sometimes separated by additional phases of extension. We then discuss how these complex deformation histories impact exploration campaigns.
Samuel Mock, Christoph von Hagke, Fritz Schlunegger, István Dunkl, and Marco Herwegh
Solid Earth, 11, 1823–1847, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1823-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1823-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on thermochronological data, we infer thrusting along-strike the northern rim of the Central Alps between 12–4 Ma. While the lithology influences the pattern of thrusting at the local scale, we observe that thrusting in the foreland is a long-wavelength feature occurring between Lake Geneva and Salzburg. This coincides with the geometry and dynamics of the attached lithospheric slab at depth. Thus, thrusting in the foreland is at least partly linked to changes in slab dynamics.
Paul Angrand, Frédéric Mouthereau, Emmanuel Masini, and Riccardo Asti
Solid Earth, 11, 1313–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1313-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1313-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We study the Iberian plate motion, from the late Permian to middle Cretaceous. During this time interval, two oceanic systems opened. Geological evidence shows that the Iberian domain preserved the propagation of these two rift systems well. We use geological evidence and pre-existing kinematic models to propose a coherent kinematic model of Iberia that considers both the Neotethyan and Atlantic evolutions. Our model shows that the Europe–Iberia plate boundary was made of two rift systems.
Daniel Pastor-Galán, Gabriel Gutiérrez-Alonso, and Arlo B. Weil
Solid Earth, 11, 1247–1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1247-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1247-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Pangea was assembled during Devonian to early Permian times and resulted in a large-scale and winding orogeny that today transects Europe, northwestern Africa, and eastern North America. This orogen is characterized by an
Sshape corrugated geometry in Iberia. This paper presents the advances and milestones in our understanding of the geometry and kinematics of the Central Iberian curve from the last decade with particular attention paid to structural and paleomagnetic studies.
Richard Spitz, Arthur Bauville, Jean-Luc Epard, Boris J. P. Kaus, Anton A. Popov, and Stefan M. Schmalholz
Solid Earth, 11, 999–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-999-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We apply three-dimensional (3D) thermo-mechanical numerical simulations of the shortening of the upper crustal region of a passive margin in order to investigate the control of 3D laterally variable inherited structures on fold-and-thrust belt evolution and associated nappe formation. The model is applied to the Helvetic nappe system of the Swiss Alps. Our results show a 3D reconstruction of the first-order tectonic evolution showing the fundamental importance of inherited geological structures.
Manfred Lafosse, Elia d'Acremont, Alain Rabaute, Ferran Estrada, Martin Jollivet-Castelot, Juan Tomas Vazquez, Jesus Galindo-Zaldivar, Gemma Ercilla, Belen Alonso, Jeroen Smit, Abdellah Ammar, and Christian Gorini
Solid Earth, 11, 741–765, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-741-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-741-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Alboran Sea is one of the most active region of the Mediterranean Sea. There, the basin architecture records the effect of the Africa–Eurasia plates convergence. We evidence a Pliocene transpression and a more recent Pleistocene tectonic reorganization. We propose that main driving force of the deformation is the Africa–Eurasia convergence, rather than other geodynamical processes. It highlights the evolution and the geometry of the present-day Africa–Eurasia plate boundary.
Dan J. Clark, Sarah Brennand, Gregory Brenn, Matthew C. Garthwaite, Jesse Dimech, Trevor I. Allen, and Sean Standen
Solid Earth, 11, 691–717, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-691-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-691-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A magnitude 5.3 reverse-faulting earthquake in September 2018 near Lake Muir in southwest Western Australia was followed after 2 months by a collocated magnitude 5.2 strike-slip event. The first event produced a ~ 5 km long and up to 0.5 m high west-facing surface rupture, and the second triggered event deformed but did not rupture the surface. The earthquake sequence was the ninth to have produced surface rupture in Australia. None of these show evidence for prior Quaternary surface rupture.
Craig Magee and Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson
Solid Earth, 11, 579–606, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-579-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-579-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Injection of vertical sheets of magma (dyke swarms) controls tectonic and volcanic processes on Earth and other planets. Yet we know little of the 3D structure of dyke swarms. We use seismic reflection data, which provides ultrasound-like images of Earth's subsurface, to study a dyke swarm in 3D for the first time. We show that (1) dyke injection occurred in the Late Jurassic, (2) our data support previous models of dyke shape, and (3) seismic data provides a new way to view and study dykes.
Emmanuelle Ricchi, Christian A. Bergemann, Edwin Gnos, Alfons Berger, Daniela Rubatto, Martin J. Whitehouse, and Franz Walter
Solid Earth, 11, 437–467, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-437-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-437-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates Cenozoic deformation during cooling and exhumation of the Tauern metamorphic and structural dome, Eastern Alps, through Th–Pb dating of fissure monazite-(Ce). Fissure (or hydrothermal) monazite-(Ce) typically crystallizes in a temperature range of 400–200 °C. Three major episodes of monazite growth occurred at approximately 21, 17, and 12 Ma, corroborating previous crystallization and cooling ages.
Annabel Causer, Lucía Pérez-Díaz, Jürgen Adam, and Graeme Eagles
Solid Earth, 11, 397–417, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-397-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-397-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here we discuss the validity of so-called “break-up” markers along the Newfoundland margin, challenging their perceived suitability for plate kinematic reconstructions of the southern North Atlantic. We do this on the basis of newly available seismic transects across the Southern Newfoundland Basin. Our new data contradicts current interpretations of the extent of oceanic lithosphere and illustrates the need for a differently constraining the plate kinematics of the Iberian plate pre M0 times.
Dániel Kiss, Thibault Duretz, and Stefan Markus Schmalholz
Solid Earth, 11, 287–305, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-287-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-287-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we investigate the physical mechanisms of tectonic nappe formation by high-resolution numerical modeling. Tectonic nappes are key structural features of many mountain chains which are packets of rocks displaced, sometimes even up to 100 km, from their original position. However, the physical mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We solve numerical equations of fluid and solid dynamics to improve our knowledge. The results are compared with data from the Helvetic Alps.
Diane Arcay, Serge Lallemand, Sarah Abecassis, and Fanny Garel
Solid Earth, 11, 37–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-37-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-37-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a new exploration of the concept of
spontaneouslithospheric collapse at a transform fault (TF) by performing a large study of conditions allowing instability of the thicker plate using 2-D thermomechanical simulations. Spontaneous subduction is modelled only if extreme mechanical conditions are assumed. We conclude that spontaneous collapse of the thick older plate at a TF evolving into mature subduction is an unlikely process of subduction initiation at modern Earth conditions.
Cited articles
Al-Balushi, A. N., Neumaier, M., Fraser, A. J., and Jackson, C. A.: The impact
of the Messinian salinity crisis on the petroleum system of the Eastern
Mediterranean: a critical assessment using 2D petroleum system modelling,
Petrol. Geosci., 22, 357–379, https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2016-054, 2016. a
Annunziatellis, A., Beaubien, S., Ciotoli, G., Finoia, M., Graziani, S., and
Lombardi, S.: Development of an innovative marine monitoring system for CO2
leaks: system design and testing, Energy Proced., 1, 2333–2340,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.303, 2009. a
Barberio, M. D., Barbieri, M., Billi, A., Doglioni, C., and Petitta, M.:
Hydrogeochemical changes before and during the 2016 Amatrice-Norcia seismic
sequence (central Italy), Sci. Rep.-UK, 7, 11735,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11990-8, 2017. a, b, c
Bertoni, C. and Cartwright, J.: Messinian evaporites and fluid flow, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 66, 165–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.02.003, 2015. a, b, c, d
Bertoni, C., Kirkham, C., Cartwright, J., Hodgson, N., and Rodriguez, K.:
Seismic indicators of focused fluid flow and cross-evaporitic seepage in the
Eastern Mediterranean, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 88, 472–488,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.08.022, 2017. a, b
Billi, A., Funiciello, R., Minelli, L., Faccenna, C., Neri, G., Orecchio, B.,
and Presti, D.: On the cause of the 1908 Messina tsunami, southern Italy,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L06301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033251, 2008. a
Billi, A., Minelli, L., Orecchio, B., and Presti, D.: Constraints to the cause
of three historical tsunamis (1908, 1783, and 1693) in the Messina Straits
region, Sicily, southern Italy, Seismol. Res. Lett., 81, 907–915,
https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.6.907, 2010. a
Billi, A., Faccenna, C., Bellier, O., Minelli, L., Neri, G., Piromallo, C.,
Presti, D., Scrocca, D., and Serpelloni, E.: Recent tectonic reorganization
of the Nubia-Eurasia convergent boundary heading for the closure of the
western Mediterranean, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de
France, 182, 279–303, https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.182.4.279, 2011. a, b, c
Bortoluzzi, G., Polonia, A., Faccenna, C., Torelli, L., Artoni, A., Carlini, M., Carone, S., Carrara, G., Cuffaro, M., Del Bianco, F., D’Oriano, F., Ferrante, V., Gasperini, L., Ivaldi, R., Laterra, A., Ligi, M., Locritani, M., Muccini, F., Mussoni, P., Priore, F., Riminucci, F., Romano, S., and Stanghellini, G.: Styles and
rates of deformation in the frontal accretionary wedge of the Calabrian Arc
(Ionian Sea): controls exerted by the structure of the lower African plate,
Ital. J. Geosci., 136, 347–364, 2017. a, b
Boschetti, T., Barbieri, M., Barberio, M., Billi, A., Franchini, S., and
Petitta, M.: CO2 inflow and element desorption prior to a seismic sequence,
Amatrice-Norcia 2016, Italy, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., in press,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC008117, 2019. a, b, c
Bosman, A., Casalbore, D., Anzidei, M., Muccini, F., Carmisciano, C., and Chiocci, F. L.: The first ultra-high resolution Digital Terrain
Model of the shallow-water sector around Lipari Island (Aeolian Islands,
Italy), Ann. Geophys.-Italy, 58, S0218, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6746, 2015. a
Bosman, A., Cuffaro, M., Conti, A., Gasperini, L., Petracchini, L., and Sgroi,
T.: High-Resolution Multibeam Bathymetry along the Sicily and Calabria
continental margin (Bortoluzzi Mud Volcano, Ionian Sea, Italy), GFZ,
https://doi.org/10.5880/FIDGEO.2019.014, 2019. a
Camerlenghi, A. and Pini, G. A.: Mud volcanoes, olistostromes and Argille
scagliose in the Mediterranean region, Sedimentology, 56, 319–365,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01016.x, 2009. a
Camerlenghi, A., Cita, M., Hieke, W., and Ricchiuto, T.: Geological evidence
for mud diapirism on the Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 109, 493–504, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(92)90109-9,
1992. a, b
Capozzi, R., Artoni, A., Torelli, L., Lorenzini, S., Oppo, D., Mussoni, P., and
Polonia, A.: Neogene to Quaternary tectonics and mud diapirism in the Gulf of
Squillace (Crotone-Spartivento Basin, Calabrian Arc, Italy), Mar. Petrol. Geol., 35, 219–234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.01.007, 2012. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j
Capraro, L., Consolaro, C., Fornaciari, E., Massari, F., and Rio, D.:
Chronology of the Middle-Upper Pliocene succession in the Strongoli area:
constraints on the geological evolution of the Crotone Basin (Southern
Italy), Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 262, 323–336,
https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.262.01.19, 2006. a
Castello, B., Selvaggi, G., Chiarabba, C., and Amato, A.: CSI Catalogo della
sismicità italiana 1981-2002, versione 1.1., INGV-CNT, Roma,
available at: https://csi.rm.ingv.it/ (last access: 15 May 2019), 2006. a
Cernobori, L., Hirn, A., McBride, J. H., Nicolich, R., Petronio, L., Romanelli, M., and STREAMERS/PROFILES Working Groups: Crustal image of the Ionian basin and its Calabrian margins,
Tectonophysics, 264, 175–189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00125-4, 1996. a
Chamot-Rooke, N., Rangin, C., Le Pichon, X., and Dotmed Working Group: Deep
Offshore Tectonics of the Eastern Mediterranean: A Synthesis of Deep Marine
Data in the Eastern Mediterranean: the Ionian Basin and Margins, the Calabria
Wedge and the Mediterranean Ridge, Société géologique de France,
2005. a, b, c
Cita, M. B., Camerlenghi, A., Erba, E., McCoy, F. W., Castradori, D., Cazzani, A., Guasti, G., Giambastiani, M., Lucchi, R., Nolli, V., Pezzi, G., Redaelli, M., Rizzi, E., Torricelli, S., and Violanti, D.: Discovery of mud
diapirism on the Mediterranean ridge; a preliminary report, Bollettino della
Società Geologica Italiana, 108, 537–543, 1989. a
Cita, M., Erba, E., Lucchi, R., Pott, M., Van der Meer, R., and Nieto, L.:
Stratigraphy and sedimentation in the Mediterranean Ridge diapiric belt,
Mar. Geol., 132, 131–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(96)00157-0, 1996. a, b
Claesson, L., Skelton, A., Graham, C., Dietl, C., Morth, M., Torssander, P.,
and Kockum, I.: Hydrogeochemical changes before and after a major earthquake,
Geology, 32, 641–644, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20542.1, 2004. a, b, c
Delisle, G., Von Rad, U., Andruleit, H., Von Daniels, C., Tabrez, A., and Inam,
A.: Active mud volcanoes on-and offshore eastern Makran, Pakistan,
Int. J. Earth Sci., 91, 93–110,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s005310100203, 2002. a
De Luca, G., Di Carlo, G., and Tallini, M.: A record of changes in the Gran
Sasso groundwater before, during and after the 2016 Amatrice earthquake,
central Italy, Sci. Rep.-UK, 8, 15982,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34444-1, 2018. a
Deville, E. and Guerlais, S.-H.: Cyclic activity of mud volcanoes: evidences
from Trinidad (SE Caribbean), Mar. Petrol. Geol., 26, 1681–1691,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.03.002, 2009. a
Doglioni, C., Ligi, M., Scrocca, D., Bigi, S., Bortoluzzi, G., Carminati, E., Cuffaro, M., D'Oriano, F., Forleo, V., Muccini, F., and Riguzzi, F.: The tectonic
puzzle of the Messina area (Southern Italy): Insights from new seismic
reflection data, Sci. Rep.-UK, 2, 970, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00970, 2012. a
Etiope, G. and Milkov, A. V.: A new estimate of global methane flux from
onshore and shallow submarine mud volcanoes to the atmosphere, Environ.
Geol., 46, 997–1002, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1085-1, 2004. a, b, c
Evans, R. J., Stewart, S. A., and Davies, R. J.: The structure and formation of
mud volcano summit calderas, J. Geol. Soc., 165,
769–780, https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492007-118, 2008. a, b
Faccenna, C., Becker, T.W., Auer, L., Billi, A., Boschi, L., Brun, J.-P., Capitanio, F. A., Funiciello, F., Horvàth, F., Jolivet, L., Piromallo, C., Royden, L., Rossetti, F., and Serpelloni, E.:
Mantle dynamics in the Mediterranean, Rev. Geophys., 52, 283–332,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RG000444, 2014. a
Gallais, F., Gutscher, M.-A., Klaeschen, D., and Graindorge, D.: Two-stage
growth of the Calabrian accretionary wedge in the Ionian Sea (Central
Mediterranean): Constraints from depth-migrated multichannel seismic data,
Mar. Geol., 326, 28–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2012.08.006, 2012. a, b
Gallais, F., Graindorge, D., Gutscher, M.-A., and Klaeschen, D.: Propagation of
a lithospheric tear fault (STEP) through the western boundary of the
Calabrian accretionary wedge offshore eastern Sicily (Southern Italy),
Tectonophysics, 602, 141–152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.12.026, 2013. a
Gamberi, F. and Rovere, M.: Mud diapirs, mud volcanoes and fluid flow in the
rear of the Calabrian Arc Orogenic Wedge (southeastern Tyrrhenian sea), Basin
Res., 22, 452–464, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2010.00473.x, 2010. a
Gasperini, L. and Stanghellini, G.: SeisPrho: an interactive computer program
for processing and interpretation of high-resolution seismic reflection
profiles, Comput. Geosci., 35, 1497–1507,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.04.014, 2009. a
Gennari, G., Spezzaferri, S., Comas, M., Rüggeberg, A., Lopez-Rodriguez,
C., and Pinheiro, L.: Sedimentary sources of the mud-breccia and mud volcanic
activity in the Western Alboran Basin, Mar. Geol., 339, 83–95,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.04.002, 2013. a
Gutscher, M.-A., Dominguez, S., Mercier de Lepinay, B., Pinheiro, L., Gallais, F., Babonneau, N., Cattaneon A., Le Faou, Y., Barreca, G., Micallef, A., and Rovere, M.:
Tectonic expression of an active slab tear from high-resolution seismic and
bathymetric data offshore Sicily (Ionian Sea), Tectonics, 35, 39–54,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015TC003898, 2016. a, b
Gutscher, M.-A., Kopp, H., Krastel, S., Bohrmann, G., Garlan, T., Zaragosi, S., Klaucke, I., Wintersteller, P., Loubrieu, B., Le Faou, Y., San Pedro, L., Dominguez, S., Rovere, M., Mercier de Lepinay, B., Ranero, C., and Sallares, V.: Active
tectonics of the Calabrian subduction revealed by new multi-beam bathymetric
data and high-resolution seismic profiles in the Ionian Sea (Central
Mediterranean), Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 461, 61–72,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.020, 2017. a, b, c, d
Hilton, D. R.: The helium and carbon isotope systematics of a continental
geothermal system: results from monitoring studies at Long Valley caldera
(California, USA), Chem. Geol., 127, 269–295,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(95)00134-4, 1996. a
Huang, F., Li, M., Ma, Y., Han, Y., Tian, L., Yan, W., and Li, X.: Studies on
earthquake precursors in China: A review for recent 50 years, Geodesy and Geodynamics, 8, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2016.12.002, 2017. a
Huang, Q. and Ding, X.: Spatiotemporal variations of seismic quiescence prior
to the 2011 M 9.0 Tohoku earthquake revealed by an improved
Region–Time–Length algorithm, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 102, 1878–1883, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110343, 2012. a
Igarashi, G., Saeki, S., Takahata, N., Sumikawa, K., Tasaka, S., Sasaki, Y.,
Takahashi, M., and Sano, Y.: Ground-water radon anomaly before the Kobe
earthquake in Japan, Science, 269, 60–61, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5220.60,
1995. a
Inan, S., Balderer, W. P., Leuenberger-West, F., Yakan, H., Özvan, A., and
Freund, F. T.: Springwater chemical anomalies prior to the Mw= 7.2 Van
earthquake (Turkey), Geochem. J., 46, e11–e16,
https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.1.0159, 2012. a, b
Italiano, F., Martinelli, G., and Nuccio, P.: Anomalies of mantle-derived
helium during the 1997–1998 seismic swarm of Umbria-Marche, Italy,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 839–842, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012059, 2001. a
Italiano, F., Bonfanti, P., Ditta, M., Petrini, R., and Slejko, F.: Helium and
carbon isotopes in the dissolved gases of Friuli region (NE Italy):
geochemical evidence of CO2 production and degassing over a seismically
active area, Chem. Geol., 266, 76–85,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.022, 2009. a, b
Italiano, F., Yuce, G., Uysal, I., Gasparon, M., and Morelli, G.: Insights into
mantle-type volatiles contribution from dissolved gases in artesian waters of
the Great Artesian Basin, Australia, Chem. Geol., 378, 75–88,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.04.013, 2014. a, b
King, C.-Y., Koizumi, N., and Kitagawa, Y.: Hydrogeochemical anomalies and the
1995 Kobe earthquake, Science, 269, 38–40, 1995. a
Kirkham, C., Cartwright, J., Hermanrud, C., and Jebsen, C.: The spatial,
temporal and volumetric analysis of a large mud volcano province within the
Eastern Mediterranean, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 81, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.12.026, 2017. a, b, c, d
Kopf, A., Robertson, A., Clennell, M., and Flecker, R.: Mechanisms of mud
extrusion on the Mediterranean Ridge Accretionary Complex, Geo-Mar. Lett., 18, 97–114, 1998. a
Kopf, A. J.: Significance of mud volcanism, Rev. Geophys., 40, 1–52,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000RG000093, 2002. a, b, c, d
León, R., Somoza, L., Medialdea, T., González, F., Díaz-del
Río, V., Fernández-Puga, M., Maestro, A., and Mata, M.: Sea-floor
features related to hydrocarbon seeps in deepwater carbonate-mud mounds of
the Gulf of Cádiz: from mud flows to carbonate precipitates, Geo-Mar. Lett., 27, 237–247, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-007-0074-2, 2007. a
Locati, M., Camassi, R., Rovida, A., Ercolani, E., Bernardini, F., Castelli, V., Caracciolo, C. H., Tertulliani, A., Rossi, A., Azzaro, R., D'Amico, S., Conte, S., and Rocchetti, E.: DBMI15, the 2015 version of the Italian Macroseismic Database.
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 2016. a
Loher, M., Ceramicola, S., Wintersteller, P., Meinecke, G., Sahling, H., and
Bohrmann, G.: Mud volcanism in a canyon: Morpho
dynamic evolution of the
active Venere mud volcano and its interplay with Squillace Canyon, Central
Mediterranean, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 19, 356–378,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC007166, 2018. a, b, c, d, e, f
Lupi, M., Ricci, B. S., Kenkel, J., Ricci, T., Fuchs, F., Miller, S. A., and
Kemna, A.: Subsurface fluid distribution and possible seismic precursory
signal at the Salse di Nirano mud volcanic field, Italy, Geophys. J. Int., 204, 907–917, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv454, 2015. a
Manga, M., Brumm, M., and Rudolph, M. L.: Earthquake triggering of mud
volcanoes, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 26, 1785–1798,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.01.019, 2009. a
Martinelli, G. and Ferrari, G.: Earthquake forerunners in a selected area of
Northern Italy: recent developments in automatic geochemical monitoring,
Tectonophysics, 193, 397–410, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90348-V, 1991. a, b
Martinelli, G., Albarello, D., and Mucciarelli, M.: Radon emissions from mud
volcanoes in Northern Italy: possible connection with local seismicity,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1989–1992, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL01785, 1995. a, b, c
Mazzini, A. and Etiope, G.: Mud volcanism: an updated review, Earth-Sci.
Rev., 168, 81–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.03.001, 2017. a
Mazzini, A., Svensen, H., Akhmanov, G., Aloisi, G., Planke, S.,
Malthe-Sørenssen, A., and Istadi, B.: Triggering and dynamic evolution of
the LUSI mud volcano, Indonesia, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 261,
375–388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.001, 2007. a
Milkov, A. V.: Global estimates of hydrate-bound gas in marine sediments: how
much is really out there?, Earth-Sci. Rev., 66, 183–197,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.11.002, 2004. a
Minelli, L. and Faccenna, C.: Evolution of the Calabrian accretionary wedge
(central Mediterranean), Tectonics, 29,
TC4004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009TC002562, 2010. a, b
Onda, S., Sano, Y., Takahata, N., Kagoshima, T., Miyajima, T., Shibata, T., Pinti, D. L., Lan, T., Kim, N. K., Kusakabe, M., and Nishio Y.: Groundwater oxygen
isotope anomaly before the M6. 6 Tottori earthquake in Southwest Japan,
Sci. Rep.-UK, 8, 4800, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23303-8, 2018. a
Orecchio, B., Presti, D., Totaro, C., and Neri, G.: What earthquakes say
concerning residual subduction and STEP dynamics in the Calabrian Arc region,
south Italy, Geophys. J. Int., 199, 1929–1942,
https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu373, 2014. a, b, c
Palano, M., Ferranti, L., Monaco, C., Mattia, M., Aloisi, M., Bruno, V.,
Cannavò, F., and Siligato, G.: GPS velocity and strain fields in Sicily
and southern Calabria, Italy: updated geodetic constraints on tectonic block
interaction in the central Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 117,
B07401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009254, 2012. a
Palano, M., Schiavone, D., Loddo, M., Neri, M., Presti, D., Quarto, R., Totaro,
C., and Neri, G.: Active upper crust deformation pattern along the southern
edge of the Tyrrhenian subduction zone (NE Sicily): Insights from a
multidisciplinary approach, Tectonophysics, 657, 205–218,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.07.005, 2015. a
Patacca, E. and Scandone, P.: The 1627 Gargano earthquake (Southern Italy):
identification and characterization of the causative fault, J. Seismol., 8, 259–273, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSE.0000021393.77543.1e, 2004. a
Petitta, M., Mastrorillo, L., Preziosi, E., Banzato, F., Barberio, M. D., Billi, A., Cambi, C., De Luca, G., Di Carlo, P., Di Curzio, D., Di Salvo, C., Nanni, T., Palpacelli, S., Rusi, S., Saroli, M., Tallini, M., Tazioli, A., Valigi, D., Vivalda, P., and Doglioni, C.:
Water-table and discharge changes associated with the 2016-2017 seismic
sequence in central Italy: hydrogeological data and a conceptual model for
fractured carbonate aquifers, Hydrogeol. J., 26, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-017-1717-7, 2018. a, b
Planke, S., Svensen, H., Hovland, M., Banks, D., and Jamtveit, B.: Mud and
fluid migration in active mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan, Geo-Mar. Lett.,
23, 258–268, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-003-0152-z, 2003. a
Polonia, A., Torelli, L., Gasperini, L., and Mussoni, P.: Active faults and historical earthquakes in the
Messina Straits area (Ionian Sea), Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 2311–2328, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2311-2012, 2012. a, b
Polonia, A., Torelli, L., Artoni, A., Carlini, M., Faccenna, C., Ferranti, L., Gasperini, L., Govers, R., Klaeschen, D., Monaco, C., Neri, G., Nijholt, N., Orecchio, B., and Wortel, R.: The Ionian and
Alfeo–Etna fault zones: New segments of an evolving plate boundary in the
central Mediterranean Sea?, Tectonophysics, 675, 69–90,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.03.016, 2016. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r
Polonia, A., Nelson, C., Romano, S., Vaiani, S., Colizza, E., Gasparotto, G.,
and Gasperini, L.: A depositional model for seismo-turbidites in confined
basins based on Ionian Sea deposits, Mar. Geol., 384, 177–198,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.05.010, 2017. a, b, c
Praeg, D., Ceramicola, S., Barbieri, R., Unnithan, V., and Wardell, N.:
Tectonically-driven mud volcanism since the late Pliocene on the Calabrian
accretionary prism, central Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Petrol. Geol.,
26, 1849–1865, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.03.008, 2009. a, b, c
Roberts, J. J., Gilfillan, S. M., Stalker, L., and Naylor, M.: Geochemical
tracers for monitoring offshore CO2 stores, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 65, 218–234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.07.021,
2017. a
Robertson, A.: Mud volcanism on the Mediterranean Ridge: Initial results of
ocean drilling program Leg 160, Geology, 24, 239–242,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0239:MVOTMR>2.3.CO;2, 1996. a
Römer, M., Sahling, H., Pape, T., dos Santos Ferreira, C., Wenzhöfer,
F., Boetius, A., and Bohrmann, G.: Methane fluxes and carbonate deposits at a
cold seep area of the Central Nile Deep Sea Fan, Eastern Mediterranean Sea,
Mar. Geol., 347, 27–42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.10.011, 2014. a, b
Rossi, S. and Sartori, R.: A seismic reflection study of the external Calabrian
Arc in the northern Ionian Sea (eastern Mediterranean), Mar. Geophys. Res., 4, 403–426, 1981. a
Rovere, M., Gamberi, F., Mercorella, A., Rashed, H., Gallerani, A., Leidi, E.,
Marani, M., Funari, V., and Pini, G. A.: Venting and seepage systems
associated with mud volcanoes and mud diapirs in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea,
Mar. Geol., 347, 153–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.11.013, 2014. a, b, c
Sano, Y. and Wakita, H.: Precise measurement of helium isotopes in terrestrial
gases, B. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 61, 1153–1157, 1988. a
Sano, Y., Takahata, N., Kagoshima, T., Shibata, T., Onoue, T., and Zhao, D.:
Groundwater helium anomaly reflects strain change during the 2016 Kumamoto
earthquake in Southwest Japan, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 37939,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37939, 2016. a
Scrocca, D., Doglioni, C., and Innocenti, F.: Constraints for an interpretation
of the Italian geodynamics: a review, Memorie Descrittive della Carta
Geologica d Italia, 62, 15–46, 2003a. a
Scrocca, D., Doglioni, C., Innocenti, F., Manetti, P., Mazzotti, A., Bertelli,
L., Burbi, L., and D'Offizi, S.: CROP ATLAS-Seismic Reflection Profiles of
the Italian Crust, vol. 62, CROP ATLAS, 2003b. a
Sella, P., Billi, A., Mazzini, I., De Filippis, L., Pizzino, L., Sciarra, A.,
and Quattrocchi, F.: A newly-emerged (August 2013) artificially-triggered
fumarole near the Fiumicino airport, Rome, Italy, J. Volcanol.
Geoth. Res., 280, 53–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.05.008,
2014. a
Serpelloni, E., Vannucci, G., Pondrelli, S., Argnani, A., Casula, G., Anzidei,
M., Baldi, P., and Gasperini, P.: Kinematics of the Western Africa-Eurasia
plate boundary from focal mechanisms and GPS data, Geophys. J. Int., 169, 1180–1200, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03367.x, 2007. a, b, c
Skelton, A., Claesson, L., Chakrapani, G., Mahanta, C., Routh, J., Mörth,
M., and Khanna, P.: Coupling between seismic activity and hydrogeochemistry
at the Shillong Plateau, Northeastern India, Pure Appl. Geophys.,
165, 45–61, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-007-0288-2, 2008. a
Skelton, A., Andrén, M., Kristmannsdóttir, H., Stockmann, G., Mörth, C. M., Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A., Jónsson, S., Sturkell, E., Guðrúnardóttir, H. R., Hjartarson, H., Siegmund, H., and Kockum, I.:
Changes in groundwater chemistry before two consecutive earthquakes in
Iceland, Nat. Geosci., 7, 752–756, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2250, 2014. a, b, c
Skelton, A., Liljedahl-Claesson, L.,
Wästeby, N., Andrén, M., Stockmann,
G., Sturkell, E., Mörth, C.-M., Stefansson, A., Tollefsen, E., Siegmund, H., Keller, N., Kjartansdóttir, R., Hjartarson, H., and Kockum, I.: Hydrochemical changes before and after earthquakes
based on long term measurements of multiple parameters at 2 sites in northern
Iceland–a review, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea.,
2702–2720, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016757, 2019. a, b, c
Somoza, L., Leon, R., Diaz del Rio, V., Ivanov, M., Fernandez-Puga, M., Lobato, A., Maestro, A., Pinheiro, L., Hernandez-Molina, F., Rodero, J., Vazquez, J., and Medialtea, T.: Seabed morphology and hydrocarbon seepage in
the Gulf of Cadiz mud volcano area: Acoustic imagery, multibeam and
ultra-high resolution seismic data, Mar. Geol., 195, 153–176,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00686-2, 2003. a
Somoza, L., Medialdea, T., León, R., Ercilla, G., Vázquez, J. T., Hernández-Molina, J., González, J., Juan, C., Fernández-Puga, M. C.: Structure of mud volcano systems and pockmarks in the region
of the Ceuta Contourite Depositional System (Western Alborán Sea), Mar. Geol., 332, 4–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2012.06.002, 2012. a
Totaro, C., Presti, D., Billi, A., Gervasi, A., Orecchio, B., Guerra, I., and
Neri, G.: The ongoing seismic sequence at the Pollino Mountains, Italy,
Seismol. Res. Lett., 84, 955–962, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220120194, 2013. a
Tung, S. and Masterlark, T.: Delayed poroelastic triggering of the 2016 October
Visso earthquake by the August Amatrice earthquake, Italy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 2221–2229, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076453, 2018. a
Valensise, G. and Pantosti, D.: A 125 Kyr-long geological record of seismic
source repeatability: the Messina Straits (southern Italy) and the 1908
earthquake (Ms 7 1/2), Terra Nova, 4, 472–483,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1992.tb00583.x, 1992. a
van der Meer, R.: Grading in mud volcanic breccia from the Mediterranean Ridge,
Mar. Geol., 132, 165–173, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(95)00159-X, 1996. a
Wakita, H., Nakamura, Y., and Sano, Y.: Short-term and intermediate-term
geochemical precursors, Pure Appl. Geophys., 126, 267–278, 1988. a
Wortel, M. and Spakman, W.: Subduction and slab detachment in the
Mediterranean-Carpathian region, Science, 290, 1910–1917,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5498.1910, 2000. a
Short summary
The Ionian Sea in southern Italy is at the center of active convergence between the Eurasian and African plates, with many known
Mw > 7.0 earthquakes. Here, a recently discovered mud volcano (called the Bortoluzzi Mud Volcano or BMV) was surveyed during the Seismofaults 2017 cruise (May 2017). The BMV is the active emergence of crustal fluids probably squeezed up during the seismic cycle. As such, the BMV may potentially be used to track the seismic cycle of active faults.
The Ionian Sea in southern Italy is at the center of active convergence between the Eurasian and...
