Articles | Volume 13, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Mar 2022
Research article |
| 17 Mar 2022
| 17 Mar 2022
Late Quaternary faulting in the southern Matese (Italy): implications for earthquake potential and slip rate variability in the southern Apennines
Department of Engineering and Geology, Università degli Studi “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti – Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
CRUST – Interuniversity Center for 3D Seismotectonics with territorial Applications, Chieti, 66100, Italy
Eugenio Auciello
Geoscience practitioner, Pesche (IS), 86090, Italy
Vincenzo Amato
Department of Biosciences and Territory, Università degli Studi del Molise, Pesche (IS), 86090, Italy
Pietro Aucelli
Department of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, 80133, Italy
Paola Petrosino
Department of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, 80126, Italy
Anna C. Tangari
Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti – Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
Brian R. Jicha
Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1692, USA
Related authors
Paolo Boncio, Francesca Liberi, Martina Caldarella, and Fiia-Charlotta Nurminen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 241–256, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-241-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-241-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The criteria for zoning the surface fault rupture hazard (SFRH) along-thrust faults are defined by analysing the characteristics of the areas of coseismic surface faulting in thrust earthquakes. The results and the database made available as supplementary material can be used for improving the attenuation relationships for distributed faulting, with possible applications in probabilistic studies of fault displacement hazard.
Paolo Boncio, Giuliano Milana, Fabrizio Cara, Giuseppe Di Giulio, Deborah Di Naccio, Daniela Famiani, Francesca Liberi, Fabrizio Galadini, Gianluigi Rosatelli, and Maurizio Vassallo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2016-313, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2016-313, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The paper discusses geological aspects, methodological procedures of seismic microzonation and the implications on seismic site response of an urbanized area in a geologic environment of deep continental basin (the Avezzano town in the Fucino continental basin of central Apennines, Italy). The paper is of potential interest for the geological community and also for non-geologist scientists/technicians/decision makers working in the field of earthquake hazard.
Pooria Ebrahimi, Fabio Matano, Vincenzo Amato, Raffaele Mattera, and Germana Scepi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-44, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-44, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Fallout pyroclastic deposits cover hillslopes after explosive volcanic eruptions and strongly influence landscape evolution, hydrology, erosion, and slope stability processes. Accurate mapping the thickness spatial variations of these fallout pyroclastic deposits over large hillslope areas remains a knowledge gap. We attempt to bridge this gap by applying statistical techniques on a field-based thickness measurement dataset for making representative predictions.
Gaia Mattei, Diana Di Luccio, Guido Benassai, Giorgio Anfuso, Giorgio Budillon, and Pietro Aucelli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3809–3825, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the characteristics of a destructive marine storm in the strongly inhabited coastal area of the Gulf of Naples, along the Italian coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, which is highly vulnerable to marine storms due to the accelerated relative sea level rise trend and the increased anthropogenic impact on the coastal area. Finally, a first assessment of the return period of this event was evaluated using local press reports on damage to urban furniture and port infrastructures.
Fabrizio Marra, Alison Pereira, Brian Jicha, Sebastien Nomade, Italo Biddittu, Fabio Florindo, Giovanni Muttoni, Elizabeth Niespolo, Paul Renne, and Vincent Scao
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-161, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-161, 2021
Publication in CP not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate that coarse gravel deposition in the catchment basins of the major rivers of central Italy is a direct proxy of global deglaciation events associated with meltwater pulses. By precise 40Ar/39Ar dating of the sedimentary deposits we show that emplacement of these gravel beds is closely coincident with discrete events of sea-level rise, with peaks of the Ice-rafted debris (IRD) curve, and with particularly mild (warmer) minima of mean summer insolation at 65° N.
Rebekah A. Stein, Nathan D. Sheldon, Sarah E. Allen, Michael E. Smith, Rebecca M. Dzombak, and Brian R. Jicha
Clim. Past, 17, 2515–2536, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2515-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2515-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Modern climate change drives us to look to the past to understand how well prior life adapted to warm periods. In the early Eocene, a warm period approximately 50 million years ago, southwestern Wyoming was covered by a giant lake. This lake and surrounding environments made for excellent preservation of ancient soils, plant fossils, and more. Using geochemical tools and plant fossils, we determine the region was a warm, wet forest and that elevated temperatures were maintained by volcanoes.
Marco Sacchi, Giuseppe De Natale, Volkhard Spiess, Lena Steinmann, Valerio Acocella, Marta Corradino, Shanaka de Silva, Alessandro Fedele, Lorenzo Fedele, Nobuo Geshi, Christopher Kilburn, Donatella Insinga, Maria-José Jurado, Flavia Molisso, Paola Petrosino, Salvatore Passaro, Fabrizio Pepe, Sabina Porfido, Claudio Scarpati, Hans-Ulrich Schmincke, Renato Somma, Mari Sumita, Stella Tamburrino, Claudia Troise, Mattia Vallefuoco, and Guido Ventura
Sci. Dril., 26, 29–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-29-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-29-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A MagellanPlus workshop was held in Naples, Italy (25–28 February 2017), to explore the potential of the Campi Flegrei caldera as a target for an Amphibious Drilling Proposal to be submitted to international drilling programs. Campi Flegrei is an ideal natural laboratory to analyze the mechanisms of caldera dynamics and the relationships between hydrothermal and magmatic processes. The results will significantly advance our understanding of the most complex forms of volcanic structures on Earth.
Paolo Boncio, Francesca Liberi, Martina Caldarella, and Fiia-Charlotta Nurminen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 241–256, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-241-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-241-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The criteria for zoning the surface fault rupture hazard (SFRH) along-thrust faults are defined by analysing the characteristics of the areas of coseismic surface faulting in thrust earthquakes. The results and the database made available as supplementary material can be used for improving the attenuation relationships for distributed faulting, with possible applications in probabilistic studies of fault displacement hazard.
Paolo Boncio, Giuliano Milana, Fabrizio Cara, Giuseppe Di Giulio, Deborah Di Naccio, Daniela Famiani, Francesca Liberi, Fabrizio Galadini, Gianluigi Rosatelli, and Maurizio Vassallo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2016-313, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2016-313, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The paper discusses geological aspects, methodological procedures of seismic microzonation and the implications on seismic site response of an urbanized area in a geologic environment of deep continental basin (the Avezzano town in the Fucino continental basin of central Apennines, Italy). The paper is of potential interest for the geological community and also for non-geologist scientists/technicians/decision makers working in the field of earthquake hazard.
Related subject area
Subject area: Tectonic plate interactions, magma genesis, and lithosphere deformation at all scales | Editorial team: Structural geology and tectonics, paleoseismology, rock physics, experimental deformation | Discipline: Tectonics
Cretaceous–Paleocene extension at the southwestern continental margin of India and opening of the Laccadive basin: constraints from geophysical data
Extensional exhumation of cratons: insights from the Early Cretaceous Rio Negro–Juruena belt (Amazonian Craton, Colombia)
Hydrogen solubility of stishovite provides insights into water transportation to the deep Earth
Networks of geometrically coherent faults accommodate Alpine tectonic inversion offshore southwestern Iberia
Interseismic and long-term deformation of southeastern Sicily driven by the Ionian slab roll-back
Crustal Softening at Propagating Rift Tips, East Africa
Along-strike variation of volcanic addition controlling post breakup sedimentary infill: Pelotas margin, Austral South Atlantic
Rift and plume: a discussion on active and passive rifting mechanisms in the Afro-Arabian rift based on synthesis of geophysical data
Melt-enhanced strain localization and phase mixing in a large-scale mantle shear zone (Ronda peridotite, Spain)
Selective inversion of rift basins in lithospheric-scale analogue experiments
The link between Somalian Plate rotation and the East African Rift System: an analogue modelling study
Inversion of extensional basins parallel and oblique to their boundaries: inferences from analogue models and field observations from the Dolomites Indenter, European eastern Southern Alps
Magnetic fabric analyses of basin inversion: a sandbox modelling approach
The influence of crustal strength on rift geometry and development – insights from 3D numerical modelling
Construction of the Ukrainian Carpathian wedge from low-temperature thermochronology and tectono-stratigraphic analysis
Analogue modelling of basin inversion: a review and future perspectives
Insights into the interaction of a shale with CO2
Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Slyne Basin
Control of crustal strength, tectonic inheritance, and stretching/ shortening rates on crustal deformation and basin reactivation: insights from laboratory models
Late Cretaceous–early Palaeogene inversion-related tectonic structures at the northeastern margin of the Bohemian Massif (southwestern Poland and northern Czechia)
The analysis of slip tendency of major tectonic faults in Germany
Earthquake ruptures and topography of the Chilean margin controlled by plate interface deformation
Rare earth elements associated with carbonatite–alkaline complexes in western Rajasthan, India: exploration targeting at regional scale
Structural complexities and tectonic barriers controlling recent seismic activity in the Pollino area (Calabria–Lucania, southern Italy) – constraints from stress inversion and 3D fault model building
The Mid Atlantic Appalachian Orogen Traverse: a comparison of virtual and on-location field-based capstone experiences
Chronology of thrust propagation from an updated tectono-sedimentary framework of the Miocene molasse (western Alps)
Orogenic lithosphere and slabs in the greater Alpine area – interpretations based on teleseismic P-wave tomography
Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy
U–Pb dating of middle Eocene–Pliocene multiple tectonic pulses in the Alpine foreland
Detrital zircon provenance record of the Zagros mountain building from the Neotethys obduction to the Arabia–Eurasia collision, NW Zagros fold–thrust belt, Kurdistan region of Iraq
The Subhercynian Basin: an example of an intraplate foreland basin due to a broken plate
Late to post-Variscan basement segmentation and differential exhumation along the SW Bohemian Massif, central Europe
Holocene surface-rupturing earthquakes on the Dinaric Fault System, western Slovenia
Contribution of gravity gliding in salt-bearing rift basins – a new experimental setup for simulating salt tectonics under the influence of sub-salt extension and tilting
Thick- and thin-skinned basin inversion in the Danish Central Graben, North Sea – the role of deep evaporites and basement kinematics
Complex rift patterns, a result of interacting crustal and mantle weaknesses, or multiphase rifting? Insights from analogue models
Interactions of plutons and detachments: a comparison of Aegean and Tyrrhenian granitoids
Insights from elastic thermobarometry into exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks from Syros, Greece
Stress rotation – impact and interaction of rock stiffness and faults
Late Cretaceous to Paleogene exhumation in central Europe – localized inversion vs. large-scale domal uplift
Kinematics and extent of the Piemont–Liguria Basin – implications for subduction processes in the Alps
Effects of basal drag on subduction dynamics from 2D numerical models
Hydrocarbon accumulation in basins with multiple phases of extension and inversion: examples from the Western Desert (Egypt) and the western Black Sea
Long-wavelength late-Miocene thrusting in the north Alpine foreland: implications for late orogenic processes
A reconstruction of Iberia accounting for Western Tethys–North Atlantic kinematics since the late-Permian–Triassic
The enigmatic curvature of Central Iberia and its puzzling kinematics
Control of 3-D tectonic inheritance on fold-and-thrust belts: insights from 3-D numerical models and application to the Helvetic nappe system
Plio-Quaternary tectonic evolution of the southern margin of the Alboran Basin (Western Mediterranean)
Surface deformation relating to the 2018 Lake Muir earthquake sequence, southwest Western Australia: new insight into stable continental region earthquakes
Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia
Mathews George Gilbert, Parakkal Unnikrishnan, and Munukutla Radhakrishna
Solid Earth, 15, 671–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-671-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-671-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study identifies evidence for extension south of Tellicherry Arch along the southwestern continental margin of India through the integrated analysis of multichannel seismic and gravity data. The sediment deposition pattern indicates that this extension occurred after the Eocene. We further propose that the anticlockwise rotation of India and the passage of the Réunion plume have facilitated the opening of the Laccadive basin.
Ana Fonseca, Simon Nachtergaele, Amed Bonilla, Stijn Dewaele, and Johan De Grave
Solid Earth, 15, 329–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-329-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-329-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the erosion and exhumation processes and history of early continental crust hidden within the Amazonian Rainforest. This crust forms part of the Amazonian Craton, an ancient continental fragment. Our surprising findings reveal the area underwent rapid early Cretaceous exhumation triggered by tectonic forces. This discovery challenges the traditional perception that cratons are stable and long-lived entities and shows they can deform readily under specific geological contexts.
Mengdan Chen, Changxin Yin, Danling Chen, Long Tian, Liang Liu, and Lei Kang
Solid Earth, 15, 215–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-215-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-215-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Stishovite remains stable under mantle conditions and can incorporate various amounts of water in its crystal structure. We provide a systematic review of previous studies on water in stishovite and propose a new model for water solubility of Al-bearing stishovite. Calculation results based on this model suggest that stishovite may effectively accommodate water from the breakdown of hydrous minerals and could make an important contribution to water enrichment in the mantle transition zone.
Tiago M. Alves
Solid Earth, 15, 39–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-39-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-39-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine tectonic inversion is reviewed for southwestern Iberia, known for its historical earthquakes and tsunamis. High-quality 2D seismic data image 26 faults mapped to a depth exceeding 10 km. Normal faults accommodated important vertical uplift and shortening. They are 100–250 km long and may generate earthquakes with Mw > 8.0. Regions of Late Mesozoic magmatism comprise thickened, harder crust, forming lateral buttresses to compression and promoting the development of fold-and-thrust belts.
Amélie Viger, Stéphane Dominguez, Stéphane Mazzotti, Michel Peyret, Maxime Henriquet, Giovanni Barreca, Carmelo Monaco, and Adrien Damon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-85, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-85, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
New satellite geodetic data (PS-InSAR) evidence a generalized subsidence and an eastward tilting of Southeastern Sicily combined with a local relative uplift along its eastern coast. We perform flexural and elastic modeling, and shows that slab pull force induced by the Ionian slab roll-back and extrado deformation, reproduce the measured surface deformation. Finally, we propose an original seismic cycle model, mainly driven by the southward migration of the Ionian slab roll-back.
Folarin Kolawole and Rasheed Ajala
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.168869169.98437293/v3, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.168869169.98437293/v3, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the upper-crustal structure of the Rukwa-Tanganyika Rift Zone, East Africa, where earthquakes anomalously cluster at the tips and axes of active rifts. Rift tip earthquakes collocate with a zone of distributed faulting in exposed crystalline basement. Seismic velocity structure reveals ~10 km-deep zones of anomalously high Vp/Vs ratios at the rift tips representing localized mechanical weakening of the crust, interpreted to be a precursory phase that initiates rift propagation.
Marlise Colling Cassel, Nick Kusznir, Gianreto Manatschal, and Daniel Sauter
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2584, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2584, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Atlantic Ocean results from the break-up of the palaeocontinent Gondwana. Since then, the Brazilian and African margins record a thick volcanic layers and received a large contribution of sediments recording this process. We show the influence of early volcanics on the sediments deposited later by analysing the Pelotas Margin, south of Brazil. The volume of volcanic layers is not homogeneous along this sector, promoting variation in the space available to accommodate later sediments.
Ran Issachar, Peter Haas, Nico Augustin, and Jörg Ebbing
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2467, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2467, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the causal relationship between the arrival of the Afar plume and the initiation of the Afro-Arabian rift. We mapped the rift architecture in the triple junction region from geophysical data and reviewed the available geological temporal evidence. We infer a progressive development of the plume-rift system and suggest an interaction between active and passive mechanisms in which the plume provided a push-force that changed the kinematics of the associated plates.
Sören Tholen, Jolien Linckens, and Gernold Zulauf
Solid Earth, 14, 1123–1154, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Intense phase mixing with homogeneously distributed secondary phases and irregular grain boundaries and shapes indicates that metasomatism formed the microstructures predominant in the shear zone of the NW Ronda peridotite. Amphibole presence, olivine crystal orientations, and the consistency to the Beni Bousera peridotite (Morocco) point to OH-bearing metasomatism by small fractions of evolved melts. Results confirm a strong link between reactions and localized deformation in the upper mantle.
Anindita Samsu, Weronika Gorczyk, Timothy Chris Schmid, Peter Graham Betts, Alexander Ramsay Cruden, Eleanor Morton, and Fatemeh Amirpoorsaeed
Solid Earth, 14, 909–936, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
When a continent is pulled apart, it breaks and forms a series of depressions called rift basins. These basins lie above weakened crust that is then subject to intense deformation during subsequent tectonic compression. Our analogue experiments show that when a system of basins is squeezed in a direction perpendicular to the main trend of the basins, some basins rise up to form mountains while others do not.
Frank Zwaan and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 14, 823–845, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The East African Rift System (EARS) is a major plate tectonic feature splitting the African continent apart. Understanding the tectonic processes involved is of great importance for societal and economic reasons (natural hazards, resources). Laboratory experiments allow us to simulate these large-scale processes, highlighting the links between rotational plate motion and the overall development of the EARS. These insights are relevant when studying other rift systems around the globe as well.
Anna-Katharina Sieberer, Ernst Willingshofer, Thomas Klotz, Hugo Ortner, and Hannah Pomella
Solid Earth, 14, 647–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through analogue models and field observations, we investigate how inherited platform–basin geometries control strain localisation, style, and orientation of reactivated and new structures during inversion. Our study shows that the style of evolving thrusts and their changes along-strike are controlled by pre-existing rheological discontinuities. The results of this study are relevant for understanding inversion structures in general and for the European eastern Southern Alps in particular.
Thorben Schöfisch, Hemin Koyi, and Bjarne Almqvist
Solid Earth, 14, 447–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A magnetic fabric analysis provides information about the reorientation of magnetic grains and is applied to three sandbox models that simulate different stages of basin inversion. The analysed magnetic fabrics reflect the different developed structures and provide insights into the different deformed stages of basin inversion. It is a first attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses to basin inversion sandbox models but shows the possibility of applying it to such models.
Thomas B. Phillips, John B. Naliboff, Ken J. W. McCaffrey, Sophie Pan, Jeroen van Hunen, and Malte Froemchen
Solid Earth, 14, 369–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Continental crust comprises bodies of varying strength, formed through numerous tectonic events. When subject to extension, these areas produce distinct rift and fault systems. We use 3D models to examine how rifts form above
strongand
weakareas of crust. We find that faults become more developed in weak areas. Faults are initially stopped at the boundaries with stronger areas before eventually breaking through. We relate our model observations to rift systems globally.
Marion Roger, Arjan de Leeuw, Peter van der Beek, Laurent Husson, Edward R. Sobel, Johannes Glodny, and Matthias Bernet
Solid Earth, 14, 153–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study the construction of the Ukrainian Carpathians with LT thermochronology (AFT, AHe, and ZHe) and stratigraphic analysis. QTQt thermal models are combined with burial diagrams to retrieve the timing and magnitude of sedimentary burial, tectonic burial, and subsequent exhumation of the wedge's nappes from 34 to ∼12 Ma. Out-of-sequence thrusting and sediment recycling during wedge building are also identified. This elucidates the evolution of a typical wedge in a roll-back subduction zone.
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, Oriol Ferrer, Riccardo Reitano, Michael Rudolf, and Ernst Willingshofer
Solid Earth, 13, 1859–1905, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional tectonic forces after its formation, it may be inverted. A thorough understanding of such
basin inversionis of great importance for scientific, societal, and economic reasons, and analogue tectonic models form a key part of our efforts to study these processes. We review the advances in the field of basin inversion modelling, showing how the modelling results can be applied, and we identify promising venues for future research.
Eleni Stavropoulou and Lyesse Laloui
Solid Earth, 13, 1823–1841, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Shales are identified as suitable caprock formations for geolocigal CO2 storage thanks to their low permeability. Here, small-sized shale samples are studied under field-representative conditions with X-ray tomography. The geochemical impact of CO2 on calcite-rich zones is for the first time visualised, the role of pre-existing micro-fissures in the CO2 invasion trapping in the matererial is highlighted, and the initiation of micro-cracks when in contact with anhydrous CO2 is demonstrated.
Conor M. O'Sullivan, Conrad J. Childs, Muhammad M. Saqab, John J. Walsh, and Patrick M. Shannon
Solid Earth, 13, 1649–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Slyne Basin is a sedimentary basin located offshore north-western Ireland. It formed through a long and complex evolution involving distinct periods of extension. The basin is subdivided into smaller basins, separated by deep structures related to the ancient Caledonian mountain-building event. These deep structures influence the shape of the basin as it evolves in a relatively unique way, where early faults follow these deep structures, but later faults do not.
Benjamin Guillaume, Guido M. Gianni, Jean-Jacques Kermarrec, and Khaled Bock
Solid Earth, 13, 1393–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Under tectonic forces, the upper part of the crust can break along different types of faults, depending on the orientation of the applied stresses. Using scaled analogue models, we show that the relative magnitude of compressional and extensional forces as well as the presence of inherited structures resulting from previous stages of deformation control the location and type of faults. Our results gives insights into the tectonic evolution of areas showing complex patterns of deformation.
Andrzej Głuszyński and Paweł Aleksandrowski
Solid Earth, 13, 1219–1242, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Old seismic data recently reprocessed with modern software allowed us to study at depth the Late Cretaceous tectonic structures in the Permo-Mesozoic rock sequences in the Sudetes. The structures formed in response to Iberia collision with continental Europe. The NE–SW compression undulated the crystalline basement top and produced folds, faults and joints in the sedimentary cover. Our results are of importance for regional geology and in prospecting for deep thermal waters.
Luisa Röckel, Steffen Ahlers, Birgit Müller, Karsten Reiter, Oliver Heidbach, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, and Frank Schilling
Solid Earth, 13, 1087–1105, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reactivation of tectonic faults can lead to earthquakes and jeopardize underground operations. The reactivation potential is linked to fault properties and the tectonic stress field. We create 3D geometries for major faults in Germany and use stress data from a 3D geomechanical–numerical model to calculate their reactivation potential and compare it to seismic events. The reactivation potential in general is highest for NNE–SSW- and NW–SE-striking faults and strongly depends on the fault dip.
Nadaya Cubas, Philippe Agard, and Roxane Tissandier
Solid Earth, 13, 779–792, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake extent prediction is limited by our poor understanding of slip deficit patterns. From a mechanical analysis applied along the Chilean margin, we show that earthquakes are bounded by extensive plate interface deformation. This deformation promotes stress build-up, leading to earthquake nucleation; earthquakes then propagate along smoothed fault planes and are stopped by heterogeneously distributed deformation. Slip deficit patterns reflect the spatial distribution of this deformation.
Malcolm Aranha, Alok Porwal, Manikandan Sundaralingam, Ignacio González-Álvarez, Amber Markan, and Karunakar Rao
Solid Earth, 13, 497–518, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rare earth elements (REEs) are considered critical mineral resources for future industrial growth due to their short supply and rising demand. This study applied an artificial-intelligence-based technique to target potential REE-deposit hosting areas in western Rajasthan, India. Uncertainties associated with the prospective targets were also estimated to aid decision-making. The presented workflow can be applied to similar regions elsewhere to locate potential zones of REE mineralisation.
Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Totaro, Giusy Lavecchia, Barbara Orecchio, Rita de Nardis, Debora Presti, Federica Ferrarini, Simone Bello, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 13, 205–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Pollino region is a highly seismic area of Italy. Increasing the geological knowledge on areas like this contributes to reducing risk and saving lives. We reconstruct the 3D model of the faults which generated the 2010–2014 seismicity integrating geological and seismological data. Appropriate relationships based on the dimensions of the activated faults suggest that they did not fully discharge their seismic potential and could release further significant earthquakes in the near future.
Steven Whitmeyer, Lynn Fichter, Anita Marshall, and Hannah Liddle
Solid Earth, 12, 2803–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Field trips in the Stratigraphy, Structure, Tectonics (SST) course transitioned to a virtual format in Fall 2020, due to the COVID pandemic. Virtual field experiences (VFEs) were developed in web Google Earth and were evaluated in comparison with on-location field trips via an online survey. Students recognized the value of VFEs for revisiting outcrops and noted improved accessibility for students with disabilities. Potential benefits of hybrid field experiences were also indicated.
Amir Kalifi, Philippe Hervé Leloup, Philippe Sorrel, Albert Galy, François Demory, Vincenzo Spina, Bastien Huet, Frédéric Quillévéré, Frédéric Ricciardi, Daniel Michoux, Kilian Lecacheur, Romain Grime, Bernard Pittet, and Jean-Loup Rubino
Solid Earth, 12, 2735–2771, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Molasse deposits, deposited and deformed at the western Alpine front during the Miocene (23 to 5.6 Ma), record the chronology of that deformation. We combine the first precise chronostratigraphy (precision of ∼0.5 Ma) of the Miocene molasse, the reappraisal of the regional structure, and the analysis of growth deformation structures in order to document three tectonic phases and the precise chronology of thrust westward propagation during the second one involving the Belledonne basal thrust.
Mark R. Handy, Stefan M. Schmid, Marcel Paffrath, Wolfgang Friederich, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2633–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
New images from the multi-national AlpArray experiment illuminate the Alps from below. They indicate thick European mantle descending beneath the Alps and forming blobs that are mostly detached from the Alps above. In contrast, the Adriatic mantle in the Alps is much thinner. This difference helps explain the rugged mountains and the abundance of subducted and exhumed units at the core of the Alps. The blobs are stretched remnants of old ocean and its margins that reach down to at least 410 km.
Maurizio Ercoli, Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Pauselli, Harry M. Jol, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 12, 2573–2596, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Past strong earthquakes can produce topographic deformations, often
memorizedin Quaternary sediments, which are typically studied by paleoseismologists through trenching. Using a ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we unveiled possible buried Quaternary faulting in the Mt. Pollino seismic gap region (southern Italy). We aim to contribute to seismic hazard assessment of an area potentially prone to destructive events as well as promote our workflow in similar contexts around the world.
Luca Smeraglia, Nathan Looser, Olivier Fabbri, Flavien Choulet, Marcel Guillong, and Stefano M. Bernasconi
Solid Earth, 12, 2539–2551, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we dated fault movements at geological timescales which uplifted the sedimentary successions of the Jura Mountains from below the sea level up to Earth's surface. To do so, we applied the novel technique of U–Pb geochronology on calcite mineralizations that precipitated on fault surfaces during times of tectonic activity. Our results document a time frame of the tectonic evolution of the Jura Mountains and provide new insight into the broad geological history of the Western Alps.
Renas I. Koshnaw, Fritz Schlunegger, and Daniel F. Stockli
Solid Earth, 12, 2479–2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
As continental plates collide, mountain belts grow. This study investigated the provenance of rocks from the northwestern segment of the Zagros mountain belt to unravel the convergence history of the Arabian and Eurasian plates. Provenance data synthesis and field relationships suggest that the Zagros Mountains developed as a result of the oceanic crust emplacement on the Arabian continental plate, followed by the Arabia–Eurasia collision and later uplift of the broader region.
David Hindle and Jonas Kley
Solid Earth, 12, 2425–2438, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2425-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2425-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Central western Europe underwent a strange episode of lithospheric deformation, resulting in a chain of small mountains that run almost west–east across the continent and that formed in the middle of a tectonic plate, not at its edges as is usually expected. Associated with these mountains, in particular the Harz in central Germany, are marine basins contemporaneous with the mountain growth. We explain how those basins came to be as a result of the mountains bending the adjacent plate.
Andreas Eberts, Hamed Fazlikhani, Wolfgang Bauer, Harald Stollhofen, Helga de Wall, and Gerald Gabriel
Solid Earth, 12, 2277–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2277-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2277-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We combine gravity anomaly and topographic data with observations from thermochronology, metamorphic grades, and the granite inventory to detect patterns of basement block segmentation and differential exhumation along the southwestern Bohemian Massif. Based on our analyses, we introduce a previously unknown tectonic structure termed Cham Fault, which, together with the Pfahl and Danube shear zones, is responsible for the exposure of different crustal levels during late to post-Variscan times.
Christoph Grützner, Simone Aschenbrenner, Petra Jamšek
Rupnik, Klaus Reicherter, Nour Saifelislam, Blaž Vičič, Marko Vrabec, Julian Welte, and Kamil Ustaszewski
Solid Earth, 12, 2211–2234, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2211-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2211-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Several large strike-slip faults in western Slovenia are known to be active, but most of them have not produced strong earthquakes in historical times. In this study we use geomorphology, near-surface geophysics, and fault excavations to show that two of these faults had surface-rupturing earthquakes during the Holocene. Instrumental and historical seismicity data do not capture the strongest events in this area.
Michael Warsitzka, Prokop Závada, Fabian Jähne-Klingberg, and Piotr Krzywiec
Solid Earth, 12, 1987–2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1987-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1987-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A new analogue modelling approach was used to simulate the influence of tectonic extension and tilting of the basin floor on salt tectonics in rift basins. Our results show that downward salt flow and gravity gliding takes place if the flanks of the rift basin are tilted. Thus, extension occurs at the basin margins, which is compensated for by reduced extension and later by shortening in the graben centre. These outcomes improve the reconstruction of salt-related structures in rift basins.
Torsten Hundebøl Hansen, Ole Rønø Clausen, and Katrine Juul Andresen
Solid Earth, 12, 1719–1747, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have analysed the role of deep salt layers during tectonic shortening of a group of sedimentary basins buried below the North Sea. Due to the ability of salt to flow over geological timescales, the salt layers are much weaker than the surrounding rocks during tectonic deformation. Therefore, complex structures formed mainly where salt was present in our study area. Our results align with findings from other basins and experiments, underlining the importance of salt tectonics.
Frank Zwaan, Pauline Chenin, Duncan Erratt, Gianreto Manatschal, and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 12, 1473–1495, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1473-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used laboratory experiments to simulate the early evolution of rift systems, and the influence of structural weaknesses left over from previous tectonic events that can localize new deformation. We find that the orientation and type of such weaknesses can induce complex structures with different orientations during a single phase of rifting, instead of requiring multiple rifting phases. These findings provide a strong incentive to reassess the tectonic history of various natural examples.
Laurent Jolivet, Laurent Arbaret, Laetitia Le Pourhiet, Florent Cheval-Garabédian, Vincent Roche, Aurélien Rabillard, and Loïc Labrousse
Solid Earth, 12, 1357–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Although viscosity of the crust largely exceeds that of magmas, we show, based on the Aegean and Tyrrhenian Miocene syn-kinematic plutons, how the intrusion of granites in extensional contexts is controlled by crustal deformation, from magmatic stage to cold mylonites. We show that a simple numerical setup with partial melting in the lower crust in an extensional context leads to the formation of metamorphic core complexes and low-angle detachments reproducing the observed evolution of plutons.
Miguel Cisneros, Jaime D. Barnes, Whitney M. Behr, Alissa J. Kotowski, Daniel F. Stockli, and Konstantinos Soukis
Solid Earth, 12, 1335–1355, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1335-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1335-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Constraining the conditions at which rocks form is crucial for understanding geologic processes. For years, the conditions under which rocks from Syros, Greece, formed have remained enigmatic; yet these rocks are fundamental for understanding processes occurring at the interface between colliding tectonic plates (subduction zones). Here, we constrain conditions under which these rocks formed and show they were transported to the surface adjacent to the down-going (subducting) tectonic plate.
Karsten Reiter
Solid Earth, 12, 1287–1307, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1287-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1287-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The influence and interaction of elastic material properties (Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio), density and low-friction faults on the resulting far-field stress pattern in the Earth's crust is tested with generic models. A Young's modulus contrast can lead to a significant stress rotation. Discontinuities with low friction in homogeneous models change the stress pattern only slightly, away from the fault. In addition, active discontinuities are able to compensate stress rotation.
Hilmar von Eynatten, Jonas Kley, István Dunkl, Veit-Enno Hoffmann, and Annemarie Simon
Solid Earth, 12, 935–958, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-935-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-935-2021, 2021
Eline Le Breton, Sascha Brune, Kamil Ustaszewski, Sabin Zahirovic, Maria Seton, and R. Dietmar Müller
Solid Earth, 12, 885–913, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-885-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-885-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The former Piemont–Liguria Ocean, which separated Europe from Africa–Adria in the Jurassic, opened as an arm of the central Atlantic. Using plate reconstructions and geodynamic modeling, we show that the ocean reached only 250 km width between Europe and Adria. Moreover, at least 65 % of the lithosphere subducted into the mantle and/or incorporated into the Alps during convergence in Cretaceous and Cenozoic times comprised highly thinned continental crust, while only 35 % was truly oceanic.
Lior Suchoy, Saskia Goes, Benjamin Maunder, Fanny Garel, and Rhodri Davies
Solid Earth, 12, 79–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-79-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-79-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use 2D numerical models to highlight the role of basal drag in subduction force balance. We show that basal drag can significantly affect velocities and evolution in our simulations and suggest an explanation as to why there are no trends in plate velocities with age in the Cenozoic subduction record (which we extracted from recent reconstruction using GPlates). The insights into the role of basal drag will help set up global models of plate dynamics or specific regional subduction models.
William Bosworth and Gábor Tari
Solid Earth, 12, 59–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-59-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-59-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Many of the world's hydrocarbon resources are found in rifted sedimentary basins. Some rifts experience multiple phases of extension and inversion. This results in complicated oil and gas generation, migration, and entrapment histories. We present examples of basins in the Western Desert of Egypt and the western Black Sea that were inverted multiple times, sometimes separated by additional phases of extension. We then discuss how these complex deformation histories impact exploration campaigns.
Samuel Mock, Christoph von Hagke, Fritz Schlunegger, István Dunkl, and Marco Herwegh
Solid Earth, 11, 1823–1847, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1823-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1823-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on thermochronological data, we infer thrusting along-strike the northern rim of the Central Alps between 12–4 Ma. While the lithology influences the pattern of thrusting at the local scale, we observe that thrusting in the foreland is a long-wavelength feature occurring between Lake Geneva and Salzburg. This coincides with the geometry and dynamics of the attached lithospheric slab at depth. Thus, thrusting in the foreland is at least partly linked to changes in slab dynamics.
Paul Angrand, Frédéric Mouthereau, Emmanuel Masini, and Riccardo Asti
Solid Earth, 11, 1313–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1313-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1313-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We study the Iberian plate motion, from the late Permian to middle Cretaceous. During this time interval, two oceanic systems opened. Geological evidence shows that the Iberian domain preserved the propagation of these two rift systems well. We use geological evidence and pre-existing kinematic models to propose a coherent kinematic model of Iberia that considers both the Neotethyan and Atlantic evolutions. Our model shows that the Europe–Iberia plate boundary was made of two rift systems.
Daniel Pastor-Galán, Gabriel Gutiérrez-Alonso, and Arlo B. Weil
Solid Earth, 11, 1247–1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1247-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1247-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Pangea was assembled during Devonian to early Permian times and resulted in a large-scale and winding orogeny that today transects Europe, northwestern Africa, and eastern North America. This orogen is characterized by an
Sshape corrugated geometry in Iberia. This paper presents the advances and milestones in our understanding of the geometry and kinematics of the Central Iberian curve from the last decade with particular attention paid to structural and paleomagnetic studies.
Richard Spitz, Arthur Bauville, Jean-Luc Epard, Boris J. P. Kaus, Anton A. Popov, and Stefan M. Schmalholz
Solid Earth, 11, 999–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-999-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We apply three-dimensional (3D) thermo-mechanical numerical simulations of the shortening of the upper crustal region of a passive margin in order to investigate the control of 3D laterally variable inherited structures on fold-and-thrust belt evolution and associated nappe formation. The model is applied to the Helvetic nappe system of the Swiss Alps. Our results show a 3D reconstruction of the first-order tectonic evolution showing the fundamental importance of inherited geological structures.
Manfred Lafosse, Elia d'Acremont, Alain Rabaute, Ferran Estrada, Martin Jollivet-Castelot, Juan Tomas Vazquez, Jesus Galindo-Zaldivar, Gemma Ercilla, Belen Alonso, Jeroen Smit, Abdellah Ammar, and Christian Gorini
Solid Earth, 11, 741–765, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-741-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-741-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Alboran Sea is one of the most active region of the Mediterranean Sea. There, the basin architecture records the effect of the Africa–Eurasia plates convergence. We evidence a Pliocene transpression and a more recent Pleistocene tectonic reorganization. We propose that main driving force of the deformation is the Africa–Eurasia convergence, rather than other geodynamical processes. It highlights the evolution and the geometry of the present-day Africa–Eurasia plate boundary.
Dan J. Clark, Sarah Brennand, Gregory Brenn, Matthew C. Garthwaite, Jesse Dimech, Trevor I. Allen, and Sean Standen
Solid Earth, 11, 691–717, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-691-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-691-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A magnitude 5.3 reverse-faulting earthquake in September 2018 near Lake Muir in southwest Western Australia was followed after 2 months by a collocated magnitude 5.2 strike-slip event. The first event produced a ~ 5 km long and up to 0.5 m high west-facing surface rupture, and the second triggered event deformed but did not rupture the surface. The earthquake sequence was the ninth to have produced surface rupture in Australia. None of these show evidence for prior Quaternary surface rupture.
Craig Magee and Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson
Solid Earth, 11, 579–606, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-579-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-579-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Injection of vertical sheets of magma (dyke swarms) controls tectonic and volcanic processes on Earth and other planets. Yet we know little of the 3D structure of dyke swarms. We use seismic reflection data, which provides ultrasound-like images of Earth's subsurface, to study a dyke swarm in 3D for the first time. We show that (1) dyke injection occurred in the Late Jurassic, (2) our data support previous models of dyke shape, and (3) seismic data provides a new way to view and study dykes.
Cited articles
Amato, V., Aucelli, P. P. C., Cesarano, M., Jicha, B., Lebreton, V., Orain, R., Pappone, G., Petrosino, P., and Russo Ermolli, E.:
Quaternary evolution of the largest intermontane basin of the Molise Apennine (centralsouthern Italy),
Rend. Lincei,
25, 197–216, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-014-0324-y, 2014.
Amato, V., Aucelli, P. P. C., Bellucci Sessa, E., Cesarano, M., Incontri, P., Pappone, G., Valente, E., and Vilardo G.:
Multidisciplinary approach for fault detection: integration of PS-InSAR, geomorphological, stratigraphic and structural data in the Venafro intermontane basin (Central–Southern Apennines, Italy),
Geomorphology,
283, 80–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.027, 2017.
Amato, V., Aucelli, P. P. C., Cesarano, M., Filocamo, F., Leone, N., Petrosino, P., Rosskopf, C. M., Valente, E., Casciello, E., Giralt, S., and Jicha, B. R.:
Geomorphic response to late Quaternary tectonics in the axial portion of the Southern Apennines (Italy): A case study from the Calore River valley,
Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
43, 2463–2480, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4390, 2018.
Arduino, E., Barberis, E., Carraro, F., and Forno, M. G.:
Estimating relative ages from iron-oxide/total-iron ratios of soils in the western Po Valley (Italy),
Geoderma,
33, 39–52, 1984.
Ascione, A., Ciotoli, G., Bigi, S., Buscher, J., Mazzoli, S., Ruggiero, L., Sciarra, A., Tartarello, M. C., and Valente, E.:
Assessing mantle versus crustal sources for non-volcanic degassing along fault zones in the actively extending southern Apennines mountain belt (Italy),
Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.,
130, 1697e1722, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31869.1, 2018.
Aucelli, P. P. C., Cesarano, M., Di Paola, G., Filocamo, F., and Rosskopf, C. M.:
Geomorphological map of the central sector of the Matese Mountains (Southern Italy): an example of complex landscape evolution in a Mediterranean mountain environment,
J. Maps,
9, 604–616, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2013.840054, 2013.
Bascomb, C. L.:
Distribution of pyrophosphate-extractable iron and organic carbon in soils of various groups,
J. Soil Sci.,
19, 251–268, 1968.
Benedetti, L., Manighetti, I., Gaudemer, Y., Finkel, R., Malavieille, J., Pou, K., Arnold, M., Aumaître, G., Bourlès, D., and Keddadouche, K.:
Earthquake synchrony and clustering on Fucino faults (Central Italy) as revealed from in situ 36Cl exposure dating,
J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea.,
118, 1–27, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50299, 2013.
Boncio, P., Dichiarante, A. M., Auciello, E., Saroli, M., and Stoppa, F.:
Normal faulting along the western side of the Matese Mountains: implications for active tectonics in the Central Apennines (Italy),
J. Struct. Geol.,
82, 16–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2015.10.005, 2016.
Bottari, C., Ferranti, L., Di Maio, R., Frisetti, A., De Paola, C., La Manna, M., Piegari, E., and Marazzi, F.:
The 847 CE earthquake in central–southern Italy: New hints from archaeosismological and geophysical investigations in the Volturno River Valley area,
Tectonophysics,
774, 228301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228301, 2020.
Bousquet, J. C., Grellet, B., and Sauret, B.:
Neotectonic setting of the Benevento area: comparison with the epicentral zone of the Irpinia earthquake,
Ann. Geofis.,
36, 245–251, 1993.
Brancaccio, L., Cinque, A., Di Crescenzo, G., Santangelo, N., and Scarciglia, F.:
Alcune osservazioni sulla tettonica quaternaria nell'Alta Valle del F. Volturno,
Il Quaternario,
10, 321–328, 1997.
Bull, W. B.:
Relative rates of long-term uplift of mountain fronts,
in: Directions in Paleoseismology, Open File Rep. 87–673,
edited by: Crone, A. J. and Omdahl, E. M.,
Geol. Surv. of U. S., Denver, Colorado, 192–202, 1987.
Burt, R.:
Soil survey laboratory methods manual,
in: Soil Survey Investigations Report No 42, Version 4.0,
edited by: Burt, R.,
United States Department of Agriculture – National Resources Conservation Service (USDA – NRSC), Lincoln, NE, 2004.
Calabrò, R. A., Corrado, S., Di Bucci, D., Robustini, P., and Tornaghi, M.:
Thin-skinned vs. thick-skinned tectonics in the Matese Massif, Central–Southern Apennines (Italy),
Tectonophysics,
377, 269–297, 2003.
Carafa, M. M. C., Galvani, A., Di Naccio, D., Kastelic, V., Di Lorenzo, C., Miccolis, S., Sepe, V., Pietrantonio, G., Gizzi, C., Massucci, A., Valensise, G., and Bird, P.:
Partitioning the ongoing extension of the central Apennines (Italy): Fault slip rates and bulk deformation rates from geodetic and stress data,
J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea.,
125, e2019JB018956, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018956, 2020.
Carannante, G., Cesarano, M., Pappone, G., and Putignano, M. L.:
Note Illustrative della Carta Geologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50 000 foglio 431 (Caserta Est),
Servizio Geologico d'Italia, ISPRA, Roma, 2011.
Chiaraluce, L., Di Stefano, R., Tinti, E., Scognamiglio, L., Michele, M., Casarotti, E., Cattaneo, M., De Gori, P., Chiarabba, C., Monachesi, G., Lombardi. A., Valoroso, L., Latorre, D., and Marzorati, S.:
The 2016 central Italy seismic sequence: A first look at the mainshocks, aftershocks, and source models,
Seismol. Res. Lett.,
88, 757–771, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160221, 2017.
Cinque, A., Ascione, A., and Caiazzo, C.:
Distribuzione spazio-temporale e caratterizzazione della fagliazione quaternaria in Appennino meridionale,
in: Le ricerche del GNDT nel campo della pericolosità sismica (1996–1999),
edited by: Galadini, F., Meletti, C., and Rebez, A.,
CNR-Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai Terremoti–Rome, pp. 203–218, 2000.
Cinti, F. R., De Martini, P. M., Pantosti, D., Baize, S., Smedile, A., Villani, F., Civico, R., Pucci, S., Lombardi, A. M., Sapia, V., Pizzimenti, L., Caciagli, M., and Brunori, C. A.:
22-kyr-Long Record of Surface Faulting Along the Source of the 30 October 2016 Earthquake (Central Apennines, Italy), From Integrated Paleoseismic Data Sets,
J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea.,
124, 9021–9048, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017757, 2019.
Civico, R., Pucci, S., Villani, F., Pizzimenti, L., De Martini, P. M., Nappi, R., and the Open EMERGEO Working Group:
Surface ruptures following the 30 October 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia earthquake, central Italy,
J. Maps,
14, 151–160, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2018.1441756, 2018.
Corniello, A. and Russo, D.:
La piana del medio corso del F. Volturno (Campania) Idrogeologia e vulnerabilità all'inquinamento delle falde,
in: Atti 1∘ Convegno Nazionale Protezione e gestione delle acque sotterranee: metodologie, tecnologie e obiettivi,
Marano sul Panaro, Modena, 20–22 Settembre 1990, 1, 131–148, 1990.
Cowie, P. A.:
A healing-reloading feedback control on the growth rate of seismogenic faults,
J. Struct. Geol.,
20, 1075–1087, 1998.
Cowie, P. A., Roberts, G. P., Bull, J. M., and Visini, F.:
Relationships between fault geometry, slip rate variability and earthquake recurrence in extensional settings,
Geophys. J. Int.,
189, 143–160, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05378.x, 2012.
Cowie, P. A., Phillips, R. J., Roberts, G. P., McCaffrey, K., Zijerveld, L. J. J., Gregory, L. C., Faure Walker, J., Wedmore, L. N. J., Dunai, T. J., Binnie, S. A., Freeman, S. P. H. T., Wilcken, K., Shanks, R. P., Huismans, R. S., Papanikolaou, I., Michetti, A. M., and Wilkinson, M.:
Orogen-scale uplift in the central Italian Apennines drives episodic behaviour of earthquake faults,
Sci. Rep.-UK,
7, 44858, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44858, 2017.
Cucci, L., D'Addezio, G., Valensise, G., and Burrato, F.:
Investigating seismogenic faults in Central and Southern Apennines (Italy): modelling of fault-related landscape features,
Ann. Geofis.,
39, 603–618, 1996.
D'Agostino, N.:
Complete seismic release of tectonic strain and earthquake recurrence in the Apennines (Italy),
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
41, 1155–1162. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059230, 2014.
D'Argenio, B., Pescatore, T., and Scandone, P.:
Schema geologico dell'Appennino meridionale (Campania Lucania), in: Moderne vedute sulla geologica dell'Appennino,
Acc. Naz. Lincei, Rome, 183, 49–72, 1973.
De Rita, D. and Giordano, G.:
Volcanological and structural evolution of the Roccamonfina volcano: the summit caldera,
in: Volcano Instability on the Earth and Other Planets,
edited by: McGuire, W. J., Jones, A. P., and Neuberg, J.,
Geol. Soc. Sp.,
110, 209–224, 1996.
De Vivo, B., Rolandi, G., Gans, P. B., Calvert, A., Bohrson, W. A., Spera, F. J., and Belkin, H. E.:
New constraints on the pyroclastic eruptive history of the Campanian volcanic plain (Italy),
Miner. Petrol.,
73, 47–65, 2001.
Deino, A. L., Orsi, G., De Vita, S., and Piochi, M.:
The age of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera-forming eruption (Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy) assessed by
Di Bucci, D., Corrado, S., Naso, G., Parotto, M., and Praturlon, A.:
Evoluzione tettonica neogenico-quaternaria dell'area molisana,
B. Soc. Geol. Ital.,
118, 13–30, 1999.
Di Bucci, D., Naso, G., Corrado, S., and Villa, I. M.:
Growth, interaction and seismogenic potential of coupled active normal faults (Isernia Basin, central–southern Italy),
Terra Nova,
17, 44–55, 2005.
Di Bucci, D., Massa, B., and Zuppetta, A.:
Relay ramps in active normal fault zones: A clue to the identification of seismogenic sources (1688 Sannio earthquake, Italy),
GSA Bull.,
118, 430–448, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25783.1, 2006.
DISS Working Group:
Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), Version 3.2.1: A compilation of potential sources for earthquakes larger than M 5.5 in Italy and surrounding areas,
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, https://doi.org/10.6092/INGV.IT-DISS3.2.1.diss.rm.ingv.it/diss/, 2018.
Esposito, E., Luongo, G., Marturano, A., and Porfido, S.:
Il terremoto di S. Anna del 26 luglio 1805,
Mem. Soc. Geol. It.,
37, 171–191, 1987.
Faure Walker, J. P., Visini, F., Roberts, G., Galasso, C., McCaffrey, K., and Mildon, Z.:
Variable Fault Geometry Suggests Detailed Fault-Slip-Rate Profiles and Geometries Are Needed for Fault-Based Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA),
B. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
109, 110–123, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180137, 2019.
Faure Walker, J., Boncio, P., Pace, B., Roberts, G., Benedetti, L., Scotti, O., Visini, F., and Peruzza, L.:
Fault2SHA Central Apennines database and structuring active fault data for seismic hazard assessment,
Scientific Data,
8, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00868-0, 2021.
Ferranti, L., Oldow, J. S., and Sacchi, M.:
Pre-Quaternary orogen-parallel extension in the Southern Apennine belt, Italy,
Tectonophysics,
260, 325–347, 1996.
Ferranti, L., Palano, M., Cannavò, F., Mazzella, M. E., Oldow, J. S., Gueguen, E., Mattia, M., and Monaco, C.:
Rates of geodetic deformation across active faults in southern Italy,
Tectonophysics,
621, 101–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.02.007, 2014.
Ferranti, L., Milano, G., Burrato, P., Palano, M., and Cannavò, F.:
The seismogenic structure of the 2013–2014 Matese seismic sequence, southern Italy: implication for the geometry of the Apennines active extensional belt,
Geophys. J. Int.,
201, 823–837, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv053, 2015.
Ferrarini, F., Boncio, P., de Nardis, R., Pappone, G., Cesarano, M., Aucelli, P. P. C., and Lavecchia, G.:
Segmentation pattern and structural complexities in seismogenic extensional settings: The North Matese Fault System (Central Italy),
J. Struct. Geol.,
95, 93–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2016.11.006, 2017.
Fracassi, U. and Valensise, G.:
Unveiling the sources of the catastrophic 1456 multiple earthquake: Hints to an unexplored tectonic mechanism in Southern Italy,
B. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
97, 3, 725–748, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050250, 2007.
Galadini, F. and Galli, P.:
The 346 A.D. earthquake (central–southern Italy): an archaeoseismological approach,
Ann. Geophys.,
47, 885–905, 2004.
Galadini, F., Meletti, C., and Vittori, E.:
Major active faults in Italy: available surficial data,
Neth. J. Geosci.,
80, 273–296, 2001.
Galli, P. and Galadini, F.:
Disruptive earthquakes revealed by faulted archaeological relics in Samnium (Molise, southern Italy),
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
30, 1266, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016456, 2003.
Galli, P. and Naso, J.:
Unmasking the 1349 earthquake source (southern Italy): paleoseismological and archaeoseismological indications from the Aquae Iuliae fault,
J. Struct. Geol.,
31, 128–149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2008.09.007, 2009.
Galli, P., Galadini, F., and Pantosti, D.:
Twenty years of paleoseismology in Italy,
Earth-Sci. Rev.,
88, 89–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.01.001, 2008.
Galli, P., Giaccio, B., Messina, P., Peronace, E., Amato, V., Naso, G., Nomade, S., Pereira, A., Piscitelli, S., Bellanova, J., Billi, A., Blamart, D., Galderisi, A., Giocoli, A., Stabile, T., and Thil, F.:
Middle to Late Pleistocene activity of the northern Matese fault system (southern Apennines, Italy),
Tectonophysics,
699, 61–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.01.007, 2017.
Galli, P., Galderisi, A., Peronace, E., Giaccio, B., Hajdas, I., Messina, P., Pileggi, D., and Polpetta, F.:
The awakening of the dormant Mount Vettore fault (2016 central 838 Italy earthquake, Mw 6.6): Paleoseismic clues on its millennial silences,
Tectonics,
38, 687–705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018TC005326, 2019.
Giaccio, B., Niespolo, E. M., Pereira, A., Nomade, S., Renne, P. R., Albert, P. G., Arienzo, I., Regattieri, E., Wagner, B., Zanchetta, G., Gaeta, M., Galli, P., Mannella, G., Peronace, E., Sottili, G., Florindo, F., Leicher, N., Marra, F., and Tomlinson, E. L.:
First integrated tephrochronological record for the last ∼ 190 kyr from the Fucino Quaternary lacustrine succession, central Italy,
Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
158, 211–234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.004, 2017.
Giraudi, C.:
Middle to Late Holocene glacial variations, periglacial processes and alluvial sedimentation on the higher Apennine massifs (Italy),
Quaternary Res.,
64, 176–184, 2005.
Giraudi, C. and Frezzotti, M.:
Late Pleistocene glacial events in the central Apennines, Italy,
Quaternary Res.,
48, 280–290, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1928, 1997.
Giraudi, C, Magny, M, Zanchetta, G., and Drysdale, R. N.:
The Holocene climate evolution of the Mediterranean Italy: A review of the geological continental data,
Holocene,
21, 105–115, 2011.
Guidoboni, E., Ferrari, G., Tarabusi, G., Sgattoni, G., Comastri, A., Mariotti, D., Ciuccarelli, C., Bianchi, M. G., and Valensise, G.:
CFTI5Med, the new release of the catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy and in the Mediterranean area,
Scientific Data,
6, 80, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0091-9, (2019).
ICOMAND:
Circular Letter No. 10,
International Committee on the Classification of Andisols, New Zealand Soil Bureau, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, 1988.
Jicha, B. R., Singer, B. S., and Sobol, P.:
Re-evaluation of the ages of
Leone, N.:
Studio dell'evoluzione quaternaria di alcune conche intermontane dell'Appennino campano-molisano, a supporto della pianificazione e gestione del territorio e della prevenzione del rischio sismico,
unpublished PhD thesis (Tesi di Dottorato in Scienze Biologiche, Biomediche dell'Ambiente e del Territorio),
Università degli Studi del Molise, Italy,
https://iris.unimol.it/handle/11695/75943 (last access: 29 October 2021), 2016 (in Italian).
Locati, M., Camassi, R., Rovida, A., Ercolani, E., Bernardini, F., Castelli, V., Caracciolo, C. H., Tertulliani, A., Rossi, A., Azzaro, R., D'Amico, S., and Antonucci, A.:
Database Macrosismico Italiano (DBMI15), versione 3.0,
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), https://doi.org/10.13127/DBMI/DBMI15.3, 2021.
Luhr, J. F. and Giannetti, B.:
The Brown Leucitic Tuff of Roccamonfina Volcano (Roman Region, Italy),
Contrib. Mineral. Petr.,
95, 420–436, 1987.
McCalpin, J. P. (Ed.):
Paleoseismology, 2nd edn., International Geophysics 95,
Academic Press, USA, 629 pp., 2009.
Mehra, O. P. and Jackson, M. L.:
Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate,
Clay. Clay Miner.,
7, 317–327, 1960.
Min, K., Mundil, R., Renne, P. R., and Ludwig, K. R.:
A test for systematic errors in
Parfitt, R. L. and Wilson, A. D.:
Estimation of allophane and halloysite in three sequences of volcanic soils, New Zealand,
in: Volcanic Soils,
edited by: Fernandez Caldas, E. and Yaalon, D. H.,
Catena Supplement 7,
Catena Verlag, Braunschweig, Desdedt, Germany, 1–8, 1985.
Patacca, E. and Scandone, P.:
Geology of the southern Apennines,
B. Soc. Geol. Ital., Spec. Issue,
7, 75–119. 2007.
Pavlides, S. and Caputo, R.:
Magnitude versus faults' surface parameters: quantitative relationships from the Aegean Region,
Tectonophysics,
380, 159–188, 2004.
Porfido, S., Esposito, E., Vittori, E., Tranfaglia, G., Michetti, A. M., Blumetti, M., Ferreli, L., Guerrieri, L., and Serva, L.:
Areal distribution of ground effects induced by strong earthquakes in the Southern Apennines (Italy),
Surv. Geophys.,
23, 529–562, 2002.
Roberts, G. P.:
Variation in fault-slip directions along active and segmented normal fault systems,
J. Struct. Geol.,
18, 835–845, 1996.
Roberts, G. P. and Michetti, A. M.:
Spatial and temporal variations in growth rates along active normal fault systems: an example from The Lazio–Abruzzo Apennines, central Italy,
J. Struct. Geol.,
26, 339–376, 2004.
Rolandi, G., Bellucci, F., Heizler, M. T., Belkin H. E., and De Vivo, B.:
Tectonic controls on the genesis of ignimbrites from the Campanian Volcanic Zone, southern Italy,
Miner. Petrol.,
79, 3–31, 2003.
Rouchon, V., Gillot, P. Y., Quidelleur, X., Chiesa, S., and Floris, B.:
Temporal evolution of the Roccamonfina volcanic complex (Pleistocene), Central Italy,
J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res.,
177, 500–514, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.07.016, 2008.
Rovida, A., Locati, M., Camassi, R., Lolli, B., and Gasperini, P.:
The Italian earthquake catalogue CPTI15,
B. Earthq. Eng.,
18, 2953–2984, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00818-y, 2020.
Scarciglia, F., Mercatante, G., Fondevilla, V., Anadón, R., Oms, O., Donato, P., Agnini, C., Papini, M., Rook, L., and Ghinassi, M.:
Pleistocene paleosol development and paleoenvironmental dynamics in East Africa: A multiproxy record from the Homo-bearing Aalat pedostratigraphic succession, Dandiero basin (Eritrea),
Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
191, 275–298, 2018.
Schwertmann, U.:
Differenzierung der Eisenoxyde des Bodens durch photochemische Extraktion mit saurer Ammoniumoxalat-Lösung,
Z. Pflanzenernahr. Dung. Bodenkd.,
105, 194–202, 1964.
Serva, L., Esposito, E., Guerrieri, L., Porfido, S., Vittori, E., and Comerci, V.:
Environmental effects from five historical earthquakes in southern Apennines (Italy) and macroseismic intensity assessment: Contribution to INQUA EEE Scale Project,
Quatern. Int.,
173, 30–44, 2007.
Stucchi, M., Meletti, C., Montaldo, V., Crowley, H., Calvi, G. M., and Boschi, E.:
Seismic hazard assessment (2003-2009) for the Italian building code,
B. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
101, 1885–1911, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100130, 2011.
Styron, R. and Pagani, M.:
The GEM Global Active Faults Database,
Earthq. Spectra,
36, 160–180, 2020.
Tangari, A. C., Scarciglia, F., Piluso, E., Marinangeli, L., and Pompilio, L.:
Role of weathering of pillow basalt, pyroclastic input and geomorphic processes on the genesis of the Monte Cerviero upland soils (Calabria, Italy),
Catena,
171, 299–315, 2018.
Valente, E., Buscher, J. T., Jourdan, F., Petrosino, P., Reddy, S. M., Tavani, S., Corradetti, A., and Ascione, A.:
Constraining mountain front tectonic activity in extensional setting from geomorphology and Quaternary stratigraphy: A case study from the Matese ridge, southern Apennines,
Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
219, 47–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.001, 2019.
Valentini, A., Pace, B., Boncio, P., Visini, F., Pagliaroli, A., and Pergalani, F.:
Definition of seismic input from fault-based PSHA: Remarks after the 2016 central Italy earthquake sequence,
Tectonics,
38, 595–620, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018TC005086, 2019.
van Reeuwijk, L. P.:
Procedures for soil analysis, Technical Paper, 9, 6th edn.,
International Soil Reference and Information Centre, USA, 119 pp., 2002.
Vitale, S. and Ciarcia, S.:
Tectono-stratigraphic setting of the Campania region (southern Italy),
J. Maps,
14, 9–21, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2018.1424655, 2018.
Wells, D. L. and Coppersmith, K. J.:
New Empirical Relationships among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area, and Surface Displacement,
B. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
84, 974–1002, 1994.
Wesnousky, S. G.:
Displacement and Geometrical Characteristics of Earthquake Surface Ruptures: Issues and Implications for Seismic-Hazard Analysis and the Process of Earthquake Rupture,
B. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
98, 1609–1632, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070111, 2008.
Short summary
We studied the Gioia Sannitica normal fault (GF) within the southern Matese fault system (SMF) in southern Apennines (Italy). It is a fault with a long slip history that has experienced recent reactivation or acceleration. Present activity has resulted in late Quaternary fault scarps and Holocene surface faulting. The maximum slip rate is ~ 0.5 mm/yr. Activation of the 11.5 km GF or the entire 30 km SMF can produce up to M 6.2 or M 6.8 earthquakes, respectively.
We studied the Gioia Sannitica normal fault (GF) within the southern Matese fault system (SMF)...
