Articles | Volume 13, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-177-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-177-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Jan 2022
Research article |
| 27 Jan 2022
One-dimensional velocity structure modeling of the Earth's crust in the northwestern Dinarides
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana,
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Josip Stipčević
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia
Mladen Živčić
Seismology Office, Slovenian Environment Agency, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Marijan Herak
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia
Andrej Gosar
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana,
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Seismology Office, Slovenian Environment Agency, Ljubljana, Slovenia
the AlpArray Working Group
A full list of authors appears at the end of the paper.
Related authors
No articles found.
Konstantinos Michailos, György Hetényi, Matteo Scarponi, Josip Stipčević, Irene Bianchi, Luciana Bonatto, Wojciech Czuba, Massimo Di Bona, Aladino Govoni, Katrin Hannemann, Tomasz Janik, Dániel Kalmár, Rainer Kind, Frederik Link, Francesco Pio Lucente, Stephen Monna, Caterina Montuori, Stefan Mroczek, Anne Paul, Claudia Piromallo, Jaroslava Plomerová, Julia Rewers, Simone Salimbeni, Frederik Tilmann, Piotr Środa, Jérôme Vergne, and the AlpArray-PACASE Working Group
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-397, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-397, 2022
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the spatial variability of the crustal structure beneath the broader European Alpine region by using teleseismic earthquake information (receiver functions) on a large amount of seismic waveform data. We compile a new Moho depth map of the broader European Alps and make our results freely available. We anticipate that our results can potentially provide helpful hints for interdisciplinary imaging and numerical modeling studies.
Pavol Zahorec, Juraj Papčo, Roman Pašteka, Miroslav Bielik, Sylvain Bonvalot, Carla Braitenberg, Jörg Ebbing, Gerald Gabriel, Andrej Gosar, Adam Grand, Hans-Jürgen Götze, György Hetényi, Nils Holzrichter, Edi Kissling, Urs Marti, Bruno Meurers, Jan Mrlina, Ema Nogová, Alberto Pastorutti, Corinne Salaun, Matteo Scarponi, Josef Sebera, Lucia Seoane, Peter Skiba, Eszter Szűcs, and Matej Varga
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2165–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The gravity field of the Earth expresses the overall effect of the distribution of different rocks at depth with their distinguishing densities. Our work is the first to present the high-resolution gravity map of the entire Alpine orogen, for which high-quality land and sea data were reprocessed with the exact same calculation procedures. The results reflect the local and regional structure of the Alpine lithosphere in great detail. The database is hereby openly shared to serve further research.
A. Kuveždić Divjak, M. Govorčin, B. Matoš, A. Đapo, J. Stipčević, and B. Pribičević
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-3-W8, 233–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W8-233-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W8-233-2019, 2019
Andrej Gosar
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 925–937, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-925-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-925-2017, 2017
Irene Molinari, John Clinton, Edi Kissling, György Hetényi, Domenico Giardini, Josip Stipčević, Iva Dasović, Marijan Herak, Vesna Šipka, Zoltán Wéber, Zoltán Gráczer, Stefano Solarino, the Swiss-AlpArray Field Team, and the AlpArray Working Group
Adv. Geosci., 43, 15–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-43-15-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-43-15-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
AlpArray is a collaborative seismological project in Europe that includes ~ 50 research institutes and seismological observatories. At its heart is the collection of top-quality seismological data from a dense network of stations in the Alpine region: the AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN). We report the Swiss contribution: site selections, installation, data quality and management. We deployed 27 temporary BB stations across 5 countries as result of a fruitful collaboration between 5 institutes.
Damiano Pesaresi, Wolfgang Lenhardt, Markus Rauch, Mladen Živčić, Rudolf Steiner, Michele Bertoni, and Heimo Delazer
Adv. Geosci., 41, 83–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-41-83-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-41-83-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Since 2002 OGS in Italy, ZAMG in Austria and ARSO in Slovenia were exchanging seismic data in real time via internet. This was not good for civil defense scopes because internet is not reliable: therefore, in 2012 the Protezione Civile di Bolzano in Italy joined OGS, ZAMG and ARSO in the Interreg IV Italia-Austria "SeismoSAT" project aimed in connecting the seismic data centers in real time via satellite.
M. Picozzi, L. Elia, D. Pesaresi, A. Zollo, M. Mucciarelli, A. Gosar, W. Lenhardt, and M. Živčić
Adv. Geosci., 40, 51–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-40-51-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-40-51-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Subject area: Crustal structure and composition | Editorial team: Seismics, seismology, paleoseismology, geoelectrics, and electromagnetics | Discipline: Seismology
Probing environmental and tectonic changes underneath Ciudad de México with the urban seismic field
Constraints on fracture distribution in the Los Humeros geothermal field from beamforming of ambient seismic noise
Mapping the basement of the Cerdanya Basin (Eastern Pyrenees) using seismic ambient noise
Quantifying gender gaps in seismology authorship
Radial anisotropy and S-wave velocity depict the internal to external zone transition within the Variscan orogen (NW Iberia)
Distributed acoustic sensing as a tool for subsurface mapping and seismic event monitoring: a proof of concept
Seismic monitoring of the STIMTEC hydraulic stimulation experiment in anisotropic metamorphic gneiss
A functional tool to explore the reliability of micro-earthquake focal mechanism solutions for seismotectonic purposes
Changepoint detection in seismic double-difference data: application of a trans-dimensional algorithm to data-space exploration
3D crustal structure of the Ligurian Basin revealed by surface wave tomography using ocean bottom seismometer data
Elastic anisotropies of deformed upper crustal rocks in the Alps
A revised image of the instrumental seismicity in the Lodi area (Po Plain, Italy)
Seismic radiation from wind turbines: observations and analytical modeling of frequency-dependent amplitude decays
Relocation of earthquakes in the southern and eastern Alps (Austria, Italy) recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network using a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion
Seismic noise variability as an indicator of urban mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Santiago metropolitan region, Chile
Transversely isotropic lower crust of Variscan central Europe imaged by ambient noise tomography of the Bohemian Massif
Evaluating seismic beamforming capabilities of distributed acoustic sensing arrays
Crustal structure of southeast Australia from teleseismic receiver functions
Seismic monitoring of the Auckland Volcanic Field during New Zealand's COVID-19 lockdown
Using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios to construct shear-wave velocity profiles
Crustal structures beneath the Eastern and Southern Alps from ambient noise tomography
Introducing noisi: a Python tool for ambient noise cross-correlation modeling and noise source inversion
Deep learning for fast simulation of seismic waves in complex media
Fault reactivation by gas injection at an underground gas storage off the east coast of Spain
Lithospheric image of the Central Iberian Zone (Iberian Massif) using global-phase seismic interferometry
Modeling active fault systems and seismic events by using a fiber bundle model – example case: the Northridge aftershock sequence
Visual analytics of aftershock point cloud data in complex fault systems
Passive processing of active nodal seismic data: estimation of VP∕VS ratios to characterize structure and hydrology of an alpine valley infill
Monitoring of induced distributed double-couple sources using Marchenko-based virtual receivers
ER3D: a structural and geophysical 3-D model of central Emilia-Romagna (northern Italy) for numerical simulation of earthquake ground motion
Migration of reflector orientation attributes in deep seismic profiles: evidence for decoupling of the Yilgarn Craton lower crust
The cross-dip correction as a tool to improve imaging of crooked-line seismic data: a case study from the post-glacial Burträsk fault, Sweden
Green's theorem in seismic imaging across the scales
Near-surface structure of the North Anatolian Fault zone from Rayleigh and Love wave tomography using ambient seismic noise
Power spectra of random heterogeneities in the solid earth
A multi-technology analysis of the 2017 North Korean nuclear test
Obtaining reliable source locations with time reverse imaging: limits to array design, velocity models and signal-to-noise ratios
Laura Ermert, Enrique Cabral-Cano, Estelle Chaussard, Dario Solano-Rojas, Luis Quintanar, Diana Morales Padilla, Enrique A. Fernandez-Torres, and Marine A. Denolle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1361, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1361, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ciudad de México is built on a unique soil containing the clay-rich deposits of ancient lake Texcoco. Continuous, imperceptible shaking of these and deeper deposits by the traffic and other sources allows us to monitor changes in the subsurface seismic wave speed. Wave speed varies seasonally, likely due to temperature and rain effects; it temporarily drops after earthquakes, then starts to recover. Throughout the studied period, it increased on average, which may be related to soil compaction.
Heather Kennedy, Katrin Löer, and Amy Gilligan
Solid Earth, 13, 1843–1858, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1843-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1843-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The energy transition is an important topic for benefiting the future; thus renewable energy is required to reach net-zero carbon emission goals. Geothermal energy, heat from the ground, can be used in this transition. Therefore, geothermal fields need to be characterized as much as possible to allow for increased productivity within these fields. This study involves and looks at potential fractures within a geothermal field at depth to help increase the overall understanding of this field.
Jordi Diaz, Sergi Ventosa, Martin Schimmel, Mario Ruiz, Albert Macau, Anna Gabàs, David Martí, Özgenç Akin, and Jaume Vergés
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1138, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1138, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the capability of multiple methods based on the interpretation of seismic noise to map the basement of the Cerdanya basin, located in the eastern Pyrenees. Basement depths estimations retrieved from the different approaches are consistent, with maximum depths reaching 700 m close to the Têt Fault bounding the basin to the east. Our results prove that seismic noise analysis using high-density networks is an excellent tool to improve the geological characterisation of sedimentary basins.
Laura Anna Ermert, Maria Koroni, and Naiara Korta Martiartu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-810, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-810, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated gender and authorship in seismology by analyzing author names of peer-reviewed articles. Seismology continues to be a male-dominated field, although the representation of female authors has been increasing from 2010 to 2020. Gender gaps appear for single authors, authors in high-impact journals, and highly productive authors. We hope to draw the attention of the seismological community to these issues and motivate leaders in the field to take action in order to support diversity.
Jorge Acevedo, Gabriela Fernández-Viejo, Sergio Llana-Fúnez, Carlos López-Fernández, Javier Olona, and Diego Pérez-Millán
Solid Earth, 13, 659–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The NW Iberian Peninsula provides one of the most complete Variscan sections in Europe, showing the transition between a sedimentary domain with folds and thrust and a metamorphic domain with igneous intrusions. By processing the seismic ambient noise recorded by several seismograph networks in this area, new 3-D S-wave velocity and radial anisotropy models were created. These models reveal the limit between the two domains, delineating the core of the large western European Variscan Belt.
Nicola Piana Agostinetti, Alberto Villa, and Gilberto Saccorotti
Solid Earth, 13, 449–468, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sensing the Earth is a fundamental operation for the future where georesources, like geothermal energy and CO2 underground storage, will become important tools for addressing societal challenges. The development of networks of optical fibre cables gives the possibility of a sensing grid with an unprecedented spatial coverage. Here, we investigate the potential of using portions of a optical fibre cable as a standard seismometer for exploring the subsurface and monitoring georesources.
Carolin M. Boese, Grzegorz Kwiatek, Thomas Fischer, Katrin Plenkers, Juliane Starke, Felix Blümle, Christoph Janssen, and Georg Dresen
Solid Earth, 13, 323–346, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-323-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-323-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydraulic stimulation experiments in underground facilities allow for placing monitoring equipment close to and surrounding the stimulated rock under realistic and complex conditions at depth. We evaluate how accurately the direction-dependent velocity must be known for high-resolution seismic monitoring during stimulation. Induced transient deformation in rocks only 2.5–5 m apart may differ significantly in magnitude and style, and monitoring requires sensitive sensors adapted to the frequency.
Guido Maria Adinolfi, Raffaella De Matteis, Rita de Nardis, and Aldo Zollo
Solid Earth, 13, 65–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-65-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-65-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a methodology useful to evaluate (1) the reliability of a focal mechanism solution inferred by the inversion of seismological data and (2) the performance of a seismic network, operated to monitor natural or induced seismicity, to assess focal mechanism solutions. As a test case, we studied the focal mechanism reliability by using synthetic data computed for ISNet, a local seismic network monitoring the Irpinia fault system (southern Italy).
Nicola Piana Agostinetti and Giulia Sgattoni
Solid Earth, 12, 2717–2733, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2717-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2717-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
One of the present-day challenges for geoscientists is tackling the big data revolution. An ever-growing amount of data needs to be processed and data are subjectively handled before using them to make inferences on the Earth’s interior. But imposing subjective decisions on the data might have strong influences on the final outputs. Here we present a totally novel and automatic application for screening the data and for defining data volumes that are consistent with physical hypotheses.
Felix N. Wolf, Dietrich Lange, Anke Dannowski, Martin Thorwart, Wayne Crawford, Lars Wiesenberg, Ingo Grevemeyer, Heidrun Kopp, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2597–2613, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2597-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2597-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Ligurian Sea opened ~30–15 Ma during SE migration of the Calabrian subduction zone. Using ambient seismic noise from stations on land and at the ocean bottom, we calculated a 3D shear-velocity model of the Ligurian Basin. In keeping with existing 2D studies, we find a shallow crust–mantle transition at the SW basin centre that deepens towards the northeast, Corsica, and the Liguro-Provençal coast. We observe a separation of SW and NE basins. We do not observe high crustal vP/vS ratios.
Ruth Keppler, Roman Vasin, Michael Stipp, Tomás Lokajícek, Matej Petruzálek, and Nikolaus Froitzheim
Solid Earth, 12, 2303–2326, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2303-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2303-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rocks in mountain belts have been deformed during continental collision causing a certain alignment of the minerals referred to as crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO). Minerals have anisotropic properties: the velocity of seismic waves travelling through them is direction dependent. This leads to anisotropy of the rocks. We measured the CPO of common rocks within the Alps. With this data and known anisotropic properties of the minerals we calculated the seismic anisotropy of the rocks.
Laura Peruzza, Alessandra Schibuola, Maria Adelaide Romano, Marco Garbin, Mariangela Guidarelli, Denis Sandron, and Enrico Priolo
Solid Earth, 12, 2021–2039, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2021-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2021-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In weakly seismic or poorly monitored areas, the uncritical use of earthquake catalogues can be misleading. This is the case for a central sector in the Po Valley, where the Northern Apennines and Southern Alps collide. We collect and reprocess the available instrumental data of about 300 earthquakes from 1951 to 2019. The seismicity is weak, deeper than expected, and far from some existing human activities carried out underground. The potential tectonic causative sources are still unknown.
Fabian Limberger, Michael Lindenfeld, Hagen Deckert, and Georg Rümpker
Solid Earth, 12, 1851–1864, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1851-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1851-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Frequency-dependent amplitude decays of seismic signals induced by wind turbines are determined from (up to) 6 months of continuous recordings measured along an 8 km profile located at a wind farm in Bavaria, Germany. The radiation pattern and amplitude decay of the induced signals are accounted for by an analytical approach that includes path and source effects. This approach is generalized to predict the characteristic seismic radiation patterns of arbitrary wind farm configurations.
Azam Jozi Najafabadi, Christian Haberland, Trond Ryberg, Vincent F. Verwater, Eline Le Breton, Mark R. Handy, Michael Weber, and the AlpArray and AlpArray SWATH-D working groups
Solid Earth, 12, 1087–1109, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1087-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1087-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study achieved high-precision hypocenters of 335 earthquakes (1–4.2 ML) and 1D velocity models of the Southern and Eastern Alps. The general pattern of seismicity reflects head-on convergence of the Adriatic Indenter with the Alpine orogenic crust. The relatively deeper seismicity in the eastern Southern Alps and Giudicarie Belt indicates southward propagation of the Southern Alpine deformation front. The derived hypocenters form excellent data for further seismological studies, e.g., LET.
Javier Ojeda and Sergio Ruiz
Solid Earth, 12, 1075–1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1075-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1075-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In Santiago, Chile, the lockdown imposed due to COVID-19 was recorded by seismological instruments. This analysis shows temporal changes in the surface vibrations controlled by lockdown phases, mobility, and epidemiological factors. Our findings suggest that
dynamic lockdownand the early deconfinement in April 2020 caused an increase in mobility and therefore virus transmission. We propose that seismic networks could be used to monitor urban mobility as a new proxy in public policies.
Jiří Kvapil, Jaroslava Plomerová, Hana Kampfová Exnerová, Vladislav Babuška, György Hetényi, and AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 1051–1074, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1051-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1051-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a high-resolution 3-D shear wave velocity (vS) model of the Bohemian Massif crust imaged from high-density data and enhanced depth sensitivity of tomographic inversion. The dominant features of the model are relatively higher vS in the upper crust than in its surrounding, a distinct intra-crustal interface, and a velocity decrease in the lower part of the crust. The low vS in the lower part of the crust is explained by the anisotropic fabric of the lower crust.
Martijn P. A. van den Ende and Jean-Paul Ampuero
Solid Earth, 12, 915–934, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-915-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-915-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an emerging technology that measures stretching of an optical-fibre cable. This technology can be used to record the ground shaking of earthquakes, which offers a cost-efficient alternative to conventional seismometers. Since DAS is relatively new, we need to verify that existing seismological methods can be applied to this new data type. In this study, we reveal several issues by comparing DAS with conventional seismometer data for earthquake localisation.
Mohammed Bello, David G. Cornwell, Nicholas Rawlinson, Anya M. Reading, and Othaniel K. Likkason
Solid Earth, 12, 463–481, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-463-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-463-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, ground motion caused by distant earthquakes recorded in southeast Australia is used to image the structure of the crust and underlying mantle. This part of the Australian continent was assembled over the last 500 million years, but it remains poorly understood. By studying variations in crustal properties and thickness, we find evidence for the presence of an old microcontinent that is embedded in the younger terrane and forms a connection between Victoria and Tasmania.
Kasper van Wijk, Calum J. Chamberlain, Thomas Lecocq, and Koen Van Noten
Solid Earth, 12, 363–373, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-363-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-363-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Auckland Volcanic Field is monitored by a seismic network. The lockdown measures to combat COVID-19 in New Zealand provided an opportunity to evaluate the performance of seismic stations in the network and to search for small(er) local earthquakes, potentially hidden in the noise during "normal" times. Cross-correlation of template events resulted in detection of 30 new events not detected by GeoNet, but there is no evidence of an increase in detections during the quiet period of lockdown.
Janneke van Ginkel, Elmer Ruigrok, and Rien Herber
Solid Earth, 11, 2015–2030, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2015-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2015-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge of subsurface velocities is key to understand how earthquake waves travel through the Earth. We present a method to construct velocity profiles for the upper sediment layer on top of the Groningen field, the Netherlands. Here, the soft-sediment layer causes resonance of seismic waves, and this resonance is used to compute velocities from. Recordings from large earthquakes and the background noise signals are used to derive reliable velocities for the deep sedimentary layer.
Ehsan Qorbani, Dimitri Zigone, Mark R. Handy, Götz Bokelmann, and AlpArray-EASI working group
Solid Earth, 11, 1947–1968, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1947-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1947-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The crustal structure of the Eastern and Southern Alps is complex. Although several seismological studies have targeted the crust, the velocity structure under this area is still not fully understood. Here we study the crustal velocity structure using seismic ambient noise tomography. Our high-resolution models image several velocity anomalies and contrasts and reveal details of the crustal structure. We discuss our new models of the crust with respect to the geologic and tectonic features.
Laura Ermert, Jonas Igel, Korbinian Sager, Eléonore Stutzmann, Tarje Nissen-Meyer, and Andreas Fichtner
Solid Earth, 11, 1597–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1597-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1597-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present an open-source tool to model ambient seismic auto- and cross-correlations with spatially varying source spectra. The modeling is based on pre-computed databases of seismic wave propagation, which can be obtained from public data providers. The aim of this tool is to facilitate the modeling of ambient noise correlations, which are an important seismologic observable, with realistic wave propagation physics. We present a description and benchmark along with example use cases.
Ben Moseley, Tarje Nissen-Meyer, and Andrew Markham
Solid Earth, 11, 1527–1549, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1527-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1527-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations of seismic waves are very important; they allow us to understand how earthquakes spread and how the interior of the Earth is structured. However, whilst powerful, existing simulation methods usually require a large amount of computational power and time to run. In this research, we use modern machine learning techniques to accelerate these calculations inside complex models of the Earth.
Antonio Villaseñor, Robert B. Herrmann, Beatriz Gaite, and Arantza Ugalde
Solid Earth, 11, 63–74, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-63-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-63-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present new earthquake focal depths and fault orientations for earthquakes that occurred in 2013 in the vicinity of an underground gas storage off the east coast of Spain. Our focal depths are in the range of 5–10 km, notably deeper than the depth of the gas injection (2 km). The obtained fault orientations also differ from the predominant faults at shallow depths. This suggests that the faults reactivated are deeper, previously unmapped faults occurring beneath the sedimentary layers.
Juvenal Andrés, Deyan Draganov, Martin Schimmel, Puy Ayarza, Imma Palomeras, Mario Ruiz, and Ramon Carbonell
Solid Earth, 10, 1937–1950, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1937-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1937-2019, 2019
Marisol Monterrubio-Velasco, F. Ramón Zúñiga, José Carlos Carrasco-Jiménez, Víctor Márquez-Ramírez, and Josep de la Puente
Solid Earth, 10, 1519–1540, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1519-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1519-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake aftershocks display spatiotemporal correlations arising from their self-organized critical behavior. Stochastical models such as the fiber bundle (FBM) permit the use of an analog of the physical model that produces a statistical behavior with many similarities to real series. In this work, a new model based on FBM that includes geometrical faults systems is proposed. Our analysis focuses on aftershock statistics, and as a study case we modeled the Northridge sequence.
Chisheng Wang, Junzhuo Ke, Jincheng Jiang, Min Lu, Wenqun Xiu, Peng Liu, and Qingquan Li
Solid Earth, 10, 1397–1407, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1397-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1397-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The point cloud of located aftershocks contains the information which can directly reveal the fault geometry and temporal evolution of an earthquake sequence. However, there is a lack of studies using state-of-the-art visual analytics methods to explore the data to discover hidden information about the earthquake fault. We present a novel interactive approach to illustrate 3-D aftershock point clouds, which can help the seismologist to better understand the complex fault system.
Michael Behm, Feng Cheng, Anna Patterson, and Gerilyn S. Soreghan
Solid Earth, 10, 1337–1354, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1337-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1337-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
New acquisition styles for active seismic source exploration provide a wealth of additional quasi-passive data. We show how these data can be used to gain complementary information about the subsurface. Specifically, we process an active-source dataset from an alpine valley in western Colorado with both active and passive inversion schemes. The results provide new insights on subsurface hydrology based on the ratio of P-wave and S-wave velocity structures.
Joeri Brackenhoff, Jan Thorbecke, and Kees Wapenaar
Solid Earth, 10, 1301–1319, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1301-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1301-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes in the subsurface are hard to monitor due to their complicated signals. We aim to make the monitoring of the subsurface possible by redatuming the sources and the receivers from the surface of the Earth to the subsurface to monitor earthquakes originating from small faults in the subsurface. By using several sources together, we create complex earthquake signals for large-scale faults sources.
Peter Klin, Giovanna Laurenzano, Maria Adelaide Romano, Enrico Priolo, and Luca Martelli
Solid Earth, 10, 931–949, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-931-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-931-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using geological and geophysical data, we set up a 3-D digital description of the underground structure in the central part of the Po alluvial plain. By means of computer-simulated propagation of seismic waves, we were able to identify the structural features that caused the unexpected elongation and amplification of the earthquake ground motion that was observed in the area during the 2012 seismic crisis. The study permits a deeper understanding of the seismic hazard in alluvial basins.
Andrew J. Calvert and Michael P. Doublier
Solid Earth, 10, 637–645, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-637-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-637-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Deep (> 40 km) seismic reflection surveys are acquired on land along crooked roads. Using the varying azimuth between source and receiver, the true 3-D orientation of crustal structures can be determined. Applying this method to a survey over the ancient Australian Yilgarn Craton reveals that most reflectors in the lower crust exhibit a systematic dip perpendicular to those in the overlying crust, consistent with lateral flow of a weak lower crust in the hotter early Earth 2.7 billion years ago.
Ruth A. Beckel and Christopher Juhlin
Solid Earth, 10, 581–598, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Scandinavia is crossed by extensive fault scarps that have likely been caused by huge earthquakes when the ice sheets of the last glacial melted. Due to the inaccessibility of the terrain, reflection seismic data have to be collected along crooked lines, which reduces the imaging quality unless special corrections are applied. We developed a new correction method that is very tolerant to noise and used it to improve the reflection image of such a fault and refine its geological interpretation.
Kees Wapenaar, Joeri Brackenhoff, and Jan Thorbecke
Solid Earth, 10, 517–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-517-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-517-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The earthquake seismology and seismic exploration communities have developed a variety of seismic imaging methods for passive- and active-source data. Despite the seemingly different approaches and underlying principles, many of these methods are based in some way or another on the same mathematical theorem. Starting with this theorem, we discuss a variety of classical and recent seismic imaging methods in a systematic way and explain their similarities and differences.
George Taylor, Sebastian Rost, Gregory A. Houseman, and Gregor Hillers
Solid Earth, 10, 363–378, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-363-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-363-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We constructed a seismic velocity model of the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey. We found that the fault is located within a region of reduced seismic velocity and skirts the edges of a geological unit that displays high seismic velocity, indicating that this unit could be stronger than the surrounding material. Furthermore, we found that seismic waves travel fastest in the NE–SW direction, which is the direction of maximum extension for this part of Turkey and indicates mineral alignment.
Haruo Sato
Solid Earth, 10, 275–292, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-275-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-275-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recent seismological observations clarified that the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle is randomly heterogeneous. I compile reported power spectral density functions of random velocity fluctuations based on various types of measurements. Their spectral envelope is approximated by the third power of wavenumber. It is interesting to study what kinds of geophysical processes created such a power-law spectral envelope at different scales and in different geological environments.
Peter Gaebler, Lars Ceranna, Nima Nooshiri, Andreas Barth, Simone Cesca, Michaela Frei, Ilona Grünberg, Gernot Hartmann, Karl Koch, Christoph Pilger, J. Ole Ross, and Torsten Dahm
Solid Earth, 10, 59–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-59-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-59-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
On 3 September 2017 official channels of the Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea announced the successful test of a nuclear device. This study provides a
multi-technology analysis of the 2017 North Korean event and its aftermath using a wide array of geophysical methods (seismology, infrasound, remote sensing, radionuclide monitoring, and atmospheric transport modeling). Our results clearly indicate that the September 2017 North Korean event was in fact a nuclear test.
Claudia Werner and Erik H. Saenger
Solid Earth, 9, 1487–1505, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1487-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1487-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Time reverse imaging is a method for locating quasi-simultaneous or low-amplitude earthquakes. Numerous three-dimensional synthetic simulations were performed to discover the influence of station distributions, complex velocity models and high noise rates on the reliability of localisations. The guidelines obtained enable the estimation of the localisation success rates of an existing station set-up and provide the basis for designing new arrays.
Cited articles
Aki, K., Christoffersson, A., and Husebye, E. S.: Determination of
3-dimensional seismic structure of lithosphere, J. Geophys.
Res., 82, 277–296, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB082i002p00277, 1977.
AlpArray Seismic Network: AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN) temporary
component, AlpArray Working [data set], https://doi.org/10.12686/alparray/z3_2015, 2015.
Anderson, H. and Jackson, J.: Active tectonics of the Adriatic Region,
Geophys. J. Int., 91, 937–983, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1987.tb01675.x, 1987.
Atalić, J., Uroš, M., Šavor Novak, M., Demšić, M., and
Nastev, M.: The Mw 5.4 Zagreb (Croatia) earthquake of March 22, 2020:
impacts and response, B. Earthq. Eng., 19, 3461–3489,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01117-w, 2021.
Battaglia, M., Murray, M. H., Serpelloni, E., and Bürgmann, R.: The
Adriatic region: An independent microplate within the Africa-Eurasia
collision zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L09605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019723, 2004.
Behm, M.: 3-D modelling of the crustal S-wave velocity structure from active
source data: application to the Eastern Alps and the Bohemian Massif,
Geophys. J. Int., 179, 265–278, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04259.x, 2009.
Behm, M., Bruckl, E., Chwatal, W., and Thybo, H.: Application of stacking
and inversion techniques to three-dimensional wide-angle reflection and
refraction seismic data of the Eastern Alps, Geophys. J.
Int., 170, 275–298, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03393.x, 2007.
Belinić, T., Stipčević, J., Živčić, M., and
AlpArrayWorking, G.: Lithospheric thickness under the Dinarides, Earth
Planet. Sc. Lett., 484, 229–240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.12.030, 2018.
Bragato, P. L., Comelli, P., Saraò, A., Zuliani, D., Moratto, L., Poggi,
V., Rossi, G., Scaini, C., Sugan, M., Barnaba, C., Bernardi, P., Bertoni,
M., Bressan, G., Compagno, A., Del Negro, E., Di Bartolomeo, P., Fabris, P.,
Garbin, M., Grossi, M., Magrin, A., Magrin, E., Pesaresi, D., Petrovic, B.,
Linares, M. P. P., Romanelli, M., Snidarcig, A., Tunini, L., Urban, S.,
Venturini, E., and Parolai, S.: The OGS–Northeastern Italy Seismic and
Deformation Network: Current Status and Outlook, Seismol. Res.
Lett., 92, 1704–1716, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200372,
2021.
Bressan, G., Gentile, G. F., Perniola, B., and Urban, S.: The 1998 and 2004
Bovec-Krn (Slovenia) seismic sequences: aftershock pattern, focal mechanisms
and static stress changes, Geophys. J. Int., 179, 231–253,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04247.x, 2009.
Bressan, G., Gentile, G. F., Tondi, R., De Franco, R., and Urban, S.:
Sequential Integrated Inversion of tomographic images and gravity data: an
application to the Friuli area (north-eastern Italy), Bollettino di
Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, 53, 191–212, 2012.
Brückl, E., Bleibinhaus, F., Gosar, A., Grad, M., Guterch, A., Hrubcova,
P., Keller, G. R., Majdanski, M., Šumanovac, F., Tiira, T., Yliniemi,
J., Hegedus, E., and Thybo, H.: Crustal structure due to collisional and
escape tectonics in the Eastern Alps region based on profiles Alp01 and
Alp02 from the ALP 2002 seismic experiment, J. Geophys.
Res.-Sol. Ea., 112, B06308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004687, 2007.
Brückl, E., Behm, M., Decker, K., Grad, M., Guterch, A., Keller, G. R.,
and Thybo, H.: Crustal structure and active tectonics in the Eastern Alps,
Tectonics, 29, TC2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009TC002491, 2010.
Cecić, I. and Jocif, J.: Idrijski potres 26. marca 1511, Geografski
obzornik, 58, 24–29, 2011.
Cecić, I., Nečak, D., and Berus, M.: Ob 101. obletnici
brežiškega potresa, Ujma, 32, 200–209, 2018.
Crosson, R. S.: Crustal structure modeling of earthquake data: 1.
Simultaneous least squares estimation of hypocenter and velocity parameters,
J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3036–3046, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB081i017p03036, 1976.
Diehl, T., Husen, S., Kissling, E., and Deichmann, N.: High-resolution 3-D
P-wave model of the Alpine crust, Geophys. J. Int.,
179, 1133–1147, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04331.x, 2009.
Fitzko, F., Suhadolc, P., Aoudia, A., and Panza, G. F.: Constraints on the
location and mechanism of the 1511 Western-Slovenia earthquake from active
tectonics and modeling of macroseismic data, Tectonophysics, 404,
77–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.05.003, 2005.
Fodor, L., Jelen, B., Márton, E., Skaberne, D., Čar, J., and Vrabec,
M.: Miocene-Pliocene tectonic evolution of the Slovenian Periadriatic fault:
Implications for Alpine-Carpathian extrusion models, Tectonics, 17,
690–709, https://doi.org/10.1029/98TC01605, 1998.
Fodor, L., Csontos, L., Bada, G., Györfi, I., and Benkovics, L.:
Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Pannonian Basin system and neighbouring
orogens: a new synthesis of palaeostress data, Geol. Soc. Lond.
Spec. Publ., 156, 295, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.15, 1999.
Gosar, A.: Review of geological and seismotectonic investigations related to
1998 Mw 5.6 and 2004 Mw 5.2 earthquakes in Krn Mountains, Geologija,
62/1, 61–73, https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2019.002, 2019a.
Gosar, A.: Review of seismological investigations related to 1998 Mw 5.6
and 2004 Mw 5.2 earthquakes in Krn Mountains, Geologija, 62/1, 75–88,
https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2019.003, 2019b.
Gosar, A., Cecić, I., Čarman, M., Godec, M., Jesenko, T., Sinčič, P., Šket Motnikar, B., Tasič, I., Zupančič, P., and Živčić, M. (Eds.): Potresi v letu 2019 = Earthquakes in 2019, Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning, Slovenian Environment Agency, Ljubljana, Slovenia, ISSN 1318-4792, 2021.
Grenerczy, G., Sella, G., Stein, S., and Kenyeres, A.: Tectonic implications
of the GPS velocity field in the northern Adriatic region, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 32, L16311, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022947, 2005.
Guidarelli, M., Aoudia, A., and Costa, G.: 3-D structure of the crust and
uppermost mantle at the junction between the Southeastern Alps and External
Dinarides from ambient noise tomography, Geophys. J. Int.,
211, 1509–1523, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx379,
2017.
Handy, M. R., Schmid, S. M., Bousquet, R., Kissling, E., and Bernoulli, D.:
Reconciling plate-tectonic reconstructions of Alpine Tethys with the
geological-geophysical record of spreading and subduction in the Alps,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 102, 121–158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.06.002, 2010.
Handy, M. R., Ustaszewski, K., and Kissling, E.: Reconstructing the
Alps-Carpathians-Dinarides as a key to understanding switches in subduction
polarity, slab gaps and surface motion, Int. J. Earth
Sci., 104, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-014-1060-3, 2015.
Haslinger, F., Kissling, E., Ansorge, J., Hatzfeld, D., Papadimitriou, E.,
Karakostas, V., Makropoulos, K., Kahle, H. G., and Peter, Y.: 3D crustal
structure from local earthquake tomography around the Gulf of Arta (Ionian
region, NW Greece), Tectonophysics, 304, 201–218, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00298-4, 1999.
Herak, M., Herak, D., and Markušić, S.: Revision of the earthquake
catalogue and seismicity of Croatia, 1908–1992, Terra Nova, 8,
86–94, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00728.x,
1996.
Herak, D., Sović, I., Cecić, I., Živčić, M.,
Dasović, I., and Herak, M.: Historical Seismicity of the Rijeka Region
(Northwest External Dinarides, Croatia) – Part I: Earthquakes of 1750, 1838,
and 1904 in the Bakar Epicentral Area, Seismol. Res. Lett.,
88, 904–915, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170014, 2017.
Herak, M., Živčić, M., Sović, I., Cecić, I.,
Dasović, I., Stipčević, J., and Herak, D.: Historical Seismicity
of the Rijeka Region (Northwest External Dinarides, Croatia) – Part II: The
Klana Earthquakes of 1870, Seismol. Res. Lett., 89,
1524–1536, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180064, 2018.
Horváth, F. and Cloetingh, S.: Stress-induced late-stage subsidence
anomalies in the Pannonian basin, Tectonophysics, 266, 287–300,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00194-1, 1996.
Hunter, J. D.: Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment, Comput. Sci. Eng., 9, 90–95, https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55, 2007 (code available at: https://matplotlib.org, last access: 24 January 2022).
Husen, S., Kissling, E., Flueh, E., and Asch, G.: Accurate hypocentre
determination in the seismogenic zone of the subducting Nazca Plate in
northern Chile using a combined on-/offshore network, Geophys. J.
Int., 138, 687–701, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00893.x, 1999.
Husen, S., Kissling, E., and Clinton, J. F.: Local and regional minimum 1D
models for earthquake location and data quality assessment in complex
tectonic regions: application to Switzerland, Swiss J. Geosci.,
104, 455–469, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-011-0071-3, 2011.
INGV Seismological Data Centre: Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN), Istituto
Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], Italy, https://doi.org/10.13127/SD/X0FXnH7QfY, 2006.
Jesenko, T. and Živčić, M.: Nekateri rezultati prenove
državne mreže potresnih opazovalnic, in: Potresi v letu
2016/Earthquakes in 2016, edited by: Gosar, A., Slovenian Environment Agency
(ARSO), Ljubljana, Slovenia, 53–68, ISSN 1318-4792, 2018.
Kapuralić, J., Šumanovac, F., and Markušić, S.: Crustal
structure of the northern Dinarides and southwestern part of the Pannonian
basin inferred from local earthquake tomography, Swiss J.
Geosci., 112, 181–198, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-018-0335-2, 2019.
Kissling, E.: Geotomography with local earthquake data, Rev.
Geophys., 26, 659–698, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG026i004p00659, 1988.
Kissling, E., Ellsworth, W. L., Eberhart-Phillips, D., and Kradolfer, U.:
Initial reference models in local earthquake tomography, J.
Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 99, 19635–19646, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB03138, 1994 (code available at: https://seg.ethz.ch/software/velest.html, last access: 24 January 2022).
Kissling, E., Kradolfer, U., and Maurer, H.: VELEST User's Guide – Short
Introduction, Institute of geophysics and Swiss seismological service, User
Guide, ETH, Zürich, 1995.
Kissling, E., Schmid, S. M., Lippitsch, R., Ansorge, J., and Fügenschuh,
B.: Lithosphere structure and tectonic evolution of the Alpine arc: new
evidence from high-resolution teleseismic tomography, Geol. Soc. Mem., 32, 129, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.2006.032.01.08, 2006.
Korbar, T.: Orogenic evolution of the External Dinarides in the NE Adriatic
region: a model constrained by tectonostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous to
Paleogene carbonates, Earth-Sci. Rev., 96, 296–312,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.07.004, 2009.
Lapajne, J.: Veliki potresi na Slovenskem – III, Ujma, 3, 55–61, 1989.
Lienert, B. R. and Havskov, J.: A Computer Program for Locating Earthquakes
Both Locally and Globally, Seismol. Res. Lett., 66, 26–36,
https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.66.5.26, 1995 (code available at: http://www.seisan.info, last access: 24 January 2022).
Magrin, A. and Rossi, G.: Deriving a New Crustal Model of Northern Adria: The Northern Adria Crust (NAC) Model, Front. Earth Sci., 8, 89, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00089, 2020.
Márton, E.: Paleomagnetic evidence for Tertiary counterclockwise
rotation of adria with respect to africa, in: The Adria Microplate: GPS
Geodesy, Tectonics and Hazards, edited by: Pinter, N., Gyula, G., Weber, J.,
Stein, S., and Medak, D., NATO Science Series, IV: Earth and Environmental
Sciences, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 61, 71–80, https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4235-3_05, 2006.
Márton, E., Drobne, K., Ćosović, V., and Moro, A.:
Palaeomagnetic evidence for Tertiary counterclockwise rotation of Adria,
Tectonophysics, 377, 143–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2003.08.022, 2003.
Maurer, V., Kissling, E., Husen, S., and Quintero, R.: Detection of
Systematic Errors in Travel-Time Data Using a Minimum 1D Model: Application
to Costa Rica Seismic Tomography, B. Seismol. Soc.
Am., 100, 629–639, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090032, 2010.
MedNet Project Partner Institutions: Mediterranean Very Broadband
Seismographic Network (MedNet), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/SD/fBBBtDtd6q,
1990.
Met Office: Cartopy: a cartographic Python library with a matplotlib interface, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1182735, 2021.
Métois, M., D'Agostino, N., Avallone, A., Chamot-Rooke, N., Rabaute, A., Duni, L., Kuka, N., Koci, R., and Georgiev, I.: Insights on continental collisional processes from GPS data: Dynamics of the peri-Adriatic belts, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 120, 8701–8719, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012023, 2015.
Michelini, A., Živčić, M., and Suhadolc,
P.: Simultaneous inversion for velocity structure and hypocenters in
Slovenia, J. Seismol., 2, 257–265, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009723017040, 1998.
Molinari, I., Clinton, J., Kissling, E., Hetényi, G., Giardini, D., Stipčević, J., Dasović, I., Herak, M., Šipka, V., Wéber, Z., Gráczer, Z., Solarino, S., the Swiss-AlpArray Field Team, and the AlpArray Working Group: Swiss-AlpArray temporary broadband seismic stations deployment and noise characterization, Adv. Geosci., 43, 15–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-43-15-2016, 2016.
OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) and
University of Trieste: North-East Italy Broadband Network, International
Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks [data set], https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/NI, 2002.
OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale):
North-East Italy Seismic Network, International Federation of Digital
Seismograph Networks [data set], https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/OX, 2016.
Pamić, J., Gušić, I., and Jelaska, V.: Geodynamic evolution of
the central Dinarides, Tectonophysics, 297, 251–268, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00171-1, 1998.
Picha, F. J.: Late orogenic strike-slip faulting and escape tectonics in
frontal Dinafides-Hellenides, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Albania, and Greece, AAPG
Bulletin, 86, 1659–1671, https://doi.org/10.1306/61EEDD32-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D, 2002.
Placer, L., Vrabec, M., and Celarc, B.: The bases for understanding of the
NW Dinarides and Istria Peninsula tectonics, Geologija, 53/1, 55–86, 2010.
Ratschbacher, L., Merle, O., Davy, P., and Cobbold, P.: Lateral extrusion in
the eastern Alps, Part 1: Boundary conditions and experiments scaled for
gravity, Tectonics, 10, 245–256, https://doi.org/10.1029/90TC02622, 1991a.
Ratschbacher, L., Frisch, W., Linzer, H. G., and Merle, O.: Lateral
extrusion in the eastern Alps, Part 2: Structural analysis, Tectonics,
10, 257–271, https://doi.org/10.1029/90TC02623, 1991b.
Schmid, S. M., Fügenschuh, B., Kissling, E., and Schuster, R.: Tectonic
map and overall architecture of the Alpine orogen, Eclogae Geol.
Helv., 97, 93–117, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-004-1113-x, 2004.
Schmid, S. M., Bernoulli, D., Fügenschuh, B., Matenco, L., Schefer, S.,
Schuster, R., Tischler, M., and Ustaszewski, K.: The
Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of
tectonic units, Swiss J. Geosci., 101, 139–183,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-008-1247-3, 2008.
Slovenian Environment Agency: Seismic Network of the Republic of Slovenia,
International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks [data set], https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/SL, 2001.
Stipčević, J., Tkalčić, H., Herak, M., Markušić, S.,
and Herak, D.: Crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath the External
Dinarides, Croatia, determined from teleseismic receiver functions,
Geophys. J. Int., 185, 1103–1119, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05004.x, 2011.
Stipčević, J., Herak, M., Molinari, I., Dasović, I.,
Tkalčić, H., and Gosar, A.: Crustal Thickness Beneath the Dinarides
and Surrounding Areas from Receiver Functions, Tectonics, 39,
15, e2019TC005872, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC005872, 2020.
Šumanovac, F.: Lithosphere structure at the contact of the Adriatic
microplate and the Pannonian segment based on the gravity modelling,
Tectonophysics, 485, 94–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.005, 2010.
Šumanovac, F., Orešković, J., Grad, M., and ALP 2002 Working
Group: Crustal structure at the contact of the Dinarides and Pannonian
basin based on 2-D seismic and gravity interpretation of the Alp07 profile
in the ALP 2002 experiment, Geophys. J. Int., 179, 615–633,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04288.x, 2009.
Tari, V.: Evolution of the northern and western Dinarides: a
tectonostratigraphic approach, EGU Stephan Mueller Special Publication
Series, 1, 223–236, https://doi.org/10.5194/smsps-1-223-2002,
2002.
Tiberi, L., Costa, G., Rupnik, P. J., Cecić, I., and Suhadolc, P.: The
1895 Ljubljana earthquake: can the intensity data points discriminate which
one of the nearby faults was the causative one?, J. Seismol.,
22, 927–941, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-018-9743-z, 2018.
Tondi, E., Blumetti, A. M., Čičak, M., Di Manna, P., Galli, P.,
Invernizzi, C., Mazzoli, S., Piccardi, L., Valentini, G., Vittori, E., and
Volatili, T.: “Conjugate” coseismic surface faulting related with the 29
December 2020, Mw 6.4, Petrinja earthquake (Sisak-Moslavina, Croatia),
Sci. Rep.-UK, 11, 9150, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88378-2, 2021.
University of Zagreb: Croatian Seismograph Network, International Federation
of Digital Seismograph Networks [data set], https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/CR,
2001.
Ustaszewski, K., Kounov, A., Schmid, S. M., Schaltegger, U., Krenn, E.,
Frank, W., and Fügenschuh, B.: Evolution of the Adria-Europe plate
boundary in the northern Dinarides: From continent-continent collision to
back-arc extension, Tectonics, 29, TC6017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010TC002668, 2010.
Vičič, B., Aoudia, A., Javed, F., Foroutan, M., and Costa, G.:
Geometry and mechanics of the active fault system in western Slovenia,
Geophys. J. Int., 217, 1755–1766, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz118, 2019.
Vidrih, R. and Ribičič, M.: Potres 12. julija 2004 v zgornjem
Posočju – preliminarne geološke in seizmološke značilnosti,
Geologija, 47, 199–220, 2004.
Vidrih, R., Sinčič, P., Tasič, I., Gosar, A., Godec, M., and
Živčić, M.: Državna mreža potresnih opazovalnic = Seismic network of Slovenia, edited by: Vidrih, R., Environmental Agency of
the Republic of Slovenia, Seismology and Geology office, 287 pp., ISBN 978-961-6024-29-7, 2006.
Vignaroli, G., Faccenna, C., Jolivet, L., Piromallo, C., and Rossetti, F.:
Subduction polarity reversal at the junction between the Western Alps and
the Northern Apennines, Italy, Tectonophysics, 450, 34–50,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.12.012, 2008.
Weber, G., Vrabec, M., Pavlovčič-Prešeren, P., Dixon, T., Jiang,
Y., and Stopar, B.: GPS-derived motion of the Adriatic microplate from
Istria Peninsula and Po Plain sites, and geodynamic implications,
Tectonophysics, 483, 214–222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.09.001, 2010.
ZAMG – Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik: Austrian Seismic
Network, International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks [data set],
https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/OE, 1987.
Živčić, M., Bondar, I., and Panza, G. F.: Upper crustal velocity
structure in Slovenia from Rayleigh wave dispersion, Pure Appl.
Geophys., 157, 131–146, https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00001091, 2000.
Zupančič, P., Cecić, I., Gosar, A., Placer, L., Poljak, M., and
Živčić, M.: The earthquake of 12 April 1998 in the Krn Mountains
(Upper Soča Valley, Slovenia) and its seismotectonic characteristics,
Geologija, 44, 169–192, 2001.
Short summary
We investigated the 1-D velocity structure of the Earth's crust in the NW Dinarides with inversion of arrival times from earthquakes. The obtained velocity models give a better insight into the crustal structure and show velocity variations among different parts of the study area. In addition to general structural implications and a potential for improving further work, the results of our study can also be used for routine earthquake location and for detecting errors in seismological bulletins.
We investigated the 1-D velocity structure of the Earth's crust in the NW Dinarides with...
