Articles | Volume 5, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1243-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1243-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Review article
| 
04 Dec 2014
Review article |
| 04 Dec 2014
Future accreted terranes: a compilation of island arcs, oceanic plateaus, submarine ridges, seamounts, and continental fragments
J. L. Tetreault
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Geodynamics Team, Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Trondheim, Norway
S. J. H. Buiter
Geodynamics Team, Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Trondheim, Norway
Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Related authors
No articles found.
Zoltán Erdős, Susanne J. H. Buiter, and Joya L. Tetreault
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1065, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1065, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Solid Earth (SE).
Short summary
Short summary
We used computer models to study how mountains formed by the collision of tectonic plates can later affect the breakup of these same plates. Our results show that in large, warm mountain belts, new faults form due to the orogen being overall weak, while in smaller, colder belts, breakup follows old fault zones. Microcontinents that were accreted during collision can create new continental fragments during extension. These findings help explain how past geological events shape continent margins.
Natalie Hummel, Susanne Buiter, and Zoltán Erdős
Solid Earth, 15, 567–587, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-567-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-567-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations of subducting tectonic plates often use material properties extrapolated from the behavior of small rock samples in a laboratory to conditions found in the Earth. We explore several typical approaches to simulating these extrapolated material properties and show that they produce very rigid subducting plates with unrealistic dynamics. Our findings imply that subducting plates deform by additional mechanisms that are less commonly implemented in simulations.
Denise Degen, Daniel Caviedes Voullième, Susanne Buiter, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, Harry Vereecken, Ana González-Nicolás, and Florian Wellmann
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7375–7409, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7375-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7375-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In geosciences, we often use simulations based on physical laws. These simulations can be computationally expensive, which is a problem if simulations must be performed many times (e.g., to add error bounds). We show how a novel machine learning method helps to reduce simulation time. In comparison to other approaches, which typically only look at the output of a simulation, the method considers physical laws in the simulation itself. The method provides reliable results faster than standard.
Nicolás Molnar and Susanne Buiter
Solid Earth, 14, 213–235, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-213-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-213-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Progression of orogenic wedges over pre-existing extensional structures is common in nature, but deciphering the spatio-temporal evolution of deformation from the geological record remains challenging. Our laboratory experiments provide insights on how horizontal stresses are transferred across a heterogeneous crust, constrain which pre-shortening conditions can either favour or hinder the reactivatation of extensional structures, and explain what implications they have on critical taper theory.
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, Oriol Ferrer, Riccardo Reitano, Michael Rudolf, and Ernst Willingshofer
Solid Earth, 13, 1859–1905, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional tectonic forces after its formation, it may be inverted. A thorough understanding of such
basin inversionis of great importance for scientific, societal, and economic reasons, and analogue tectonic models form a key part of our efforts to study these processes. We review the advances in the field of basin inversion modelling, showing how the modelling results can be applied, and we identify promising venues for future research.
Susanne J. H. Buiter, Sascha Brune, Derek Keir, and Gwenn Peron-Pinvidic
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-139, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Continental rifts can form when and where continents are stretched. Rifts are characterised by faults, sedimentary basins, earthquakes and/or volcanism. If rifting can continue, a rift may break a continent into conjugate margins such as along the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In some cases, however, rifting fails, such as in the West African Rift. We discuss continental rifting from inception to break-up, focussing on the processes at play, and illustrate these with several natural examples.
Hazel Gibson, Sam Illingworth, and Susanne Buiter
Geosci. Commun., 4, 437–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-437-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-437-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the spring of 2020, in response to the escalating global COVID-19 Coronavirus pandemic, the European Geosciences Union (EGU) moved its annual General Assembly online in a matter of weeks. This paper explores the feedback provided by participants who attended this experimental conference and identifies four key themes that emerged from analysis of the survey (connection, engagement, environment, and accessibility). The responses raise important questions about the format of future conferences.
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, and Susanne J. H. Buiter
Solid Earth, 10, 1063–1097, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1063-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1063-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This work was inspired by an effort to numerically reproduce laboratory models of extension tectonics. We tested various set-ups to find a suitable analogue model and in the process systematically charted the impact of set-ups and boundary conditions on model results, a topic poorly described in existing scientific literature. We hope that our model results and the discussion on which specific tectonic settings they could represent may serve as a guide for future (analogue) modeling studies.
M. E. T. Quinquis and S. J. H. Buiter
Solid Earth, 5, 537–555, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-537-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-537-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Tectonics
Switching extensional and contractional tectonics in the West Kunlun Mountains during the Jurassic period: responses to the Neo-Tethyan geodynamics along the Eurasian margin
Modelling the thermal evolution of extensional basins through lithosphere stretching factors: application to the NW part of the Pannonian Basin
Relict Landscape Evolution and Fault Reactivation in the Eastern Tianshan: Insights from the Harlik Mountains
Influence of lateral heterogeneities on strike-slip fault behaviour: insights from analogue models
Importance of basement faulting and salt decoupling for the structural evolution of the Fars Arc (Zagros fold-and-thrust belt): a numerical modeling approach
Topographic stresses affect stress changes caused by megathrust earthquakes and condition aftershock seismicity in forearcs: Insights from mechanical models and the Tohoku-Oki and Maule earthquakes
On the role of trans-lithospheric faults in the long-term seismotectonic segmentation of active margins: a case study in the Andes
Along-strike variation in volcanic addition controlling post-breakup sedimentary infill: Pelotas margin, austral South Atlantic
About the Trustworthiness of Physics-Based Machine Learning – A Considerations for Geomechanical Applications
Stress state at faults: the influence of rock stiffness contrast, stress orientation, and ratio
(D)rifting in the 21st century: key processes, natural hazards, and geo-resources
Interseismic and long-term deformation of southeastern Sicily driven by the Ionian slab roll-back
Rift and plume: a discussion on active and passive rifting mechanisms in the Afro-Arabian rift based on synthesis of geophysical data
Propagating rifts: the roles of crustal damage and ascending mantle fluids
Magma-poor continent–ocean transition zones of the southern North Atlantic: a wide-angle seismic synthesis of a new frontier
Cretaceous–Paleocene extension at the southwestern continental margin of India and opening of the Laccadive basin: constraints from geophysical data
Transpressional tectonics during the Variscan-Alpine cycle transition: supporting a multi-rifting model, evidence from the European western Southern Alps
Extensional exhumation of cratons: insights from the Early Cretaceous Rio Negro–Juruena belt (Amazonian Craton, Colombia)
Hydrogen solubility of stishovite provides insights into water transportation to the deep Earth
Networks of geometrically coherent faults accommodate Alpine tectonic inversion offshore southwestern Iberia
Oblique rifting triggered by slab tearing: the case of the Alboran rifted margin in the eastern Betics
Melt-enhanced strain localization and phase mixing in a large-scale mantle shear zone (Ronda peridotite, Spain)
Selective inversion of rift basins in lithospheric-scale analogue experiments
The link between Somalian Plate rotation and the East African Rift System: an analogue modelling study
Inversion of extensional basins parallel and oblique to their boundaries: inferences from analogue models and field observations from the Dolomites Indenter, European eastern Southern Alps
Magnetic fabric analyses of basin inversion: a sandbox modelling approach
Tectonic interactions during rift linkage: insights from analog and numerical experiments
The influence of crustal strength on rift geometry and development – insights from 3D numerical modelling
Construction of the Ukrainian Carpathian wedge from low-temperature thermochronology and tectono-stratigraphic analysis
Analogue modelling of basin inversion: a review and future perspectives
Insights into the interaction of a shale with CO2
Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Slyne Basin
Assessing the role of thermal disequilibrium in the evolution of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary: an idealized model of heat exchange during channelized melt transport
Control of crustal strength, tectonic inheritance, and stretching/ shortening rates on crustal deformation and basin reactivation: insights from laboratory models
Numerical simulation of contemporary kinematics at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its implications for seismic hazard assessment
Late Cretaceous–early Palaeogene inversion-related tectonic structures at the northeastern margin of the Bohemian Massif (southwestern Poland and northern Czechia)
A tectonic-rules-based mantle reference frame since 1 billion years ago – implications for supercontinent cycles and plate–mantle system evolution
An efficient partial-differential-equation-based method to compute pressure boundary conditions in regional geodynamic models
The analysis of slip tendency of major tectonic faults in Germany
Earthquake ruptures and topography of the Chilean margin controlled by plate interface deformation
Together but separate: decoupled Variscan (late Carboniferous) and Alpine (Late Cretaceous–Paleogene) inversion tectonics in NW Poland
Late Quaternary faulting in the southern Matese (Italy): implications for earthquake potential and slip rate variability in the southern Apennines
The topographic signature of temperature-controlled rheological transitions in an accretionary prism
Rare earth elements associated with carbonatite–alkaline complexes in western Rajasthan, India: exploration targeting at regional scale
Exhumation and erosion of the Northern Apennines, Italy: new insights from low-temperature thermochronometers
Structural complexities and tectonic barriers controlling recent seismic activity in the Pollino area (Calabria–Lucania, southern Italy) – constraints from stress inversion and 3D fault model building
The Mid Atlantic Appalachian Orogen Traverse: a comparison of virtual and on-location field-based capstone experiences
Chronology of thrust propagation from an updated tectono-sedimentary framework of the Miocene molasse (western Alps)
Orogenic lithosphere and slabs in the greater Alpine area – interpretations based on teleseismic P-wave tomography
Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy
Hong-Xiang Wu, Han-Lin Chen, Andrew V. Zuza, Yildirim Dilek, Du-Wei Qiu, Qi-Ye Lu, Feng-Qi Zhang, Xiao-Gan Cheng, and Xiu-Bin Lin
Solid Earth, 16, 155–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-155-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-155-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Tethyan orogenic belt records an extensive history of subduction along the southern margin of Eurasia. We examine the magmatism, stratigraphy, and sedimentary provenance of the Jurassic basin in the West Kunlun Mountains, highlighting the switching extensional and contractional tectonic episodes in central Asia. The complex evolution was related to the subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, transitioning from southward retreat to northward flat-slab advancement.
Eszter Békési, Jan-Diederik van Wees, Kristóf Porkoláb, Mátyás Hencz, and Márta Berkesi
Solid Earth, 16, 45–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-45-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-45-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present a workflow to model the temperature distribution within the lithosphere of sedimentary basins and apply it to NW Hungary. The model can reproduce the thermal evolution through basin formation, making use of temperature measurements from wells. Models provide key input to constrain geodynamic processes and geo-energy resource potential.
Zihao Zhao, Tianyi Shen, Guocan Wang, Peter van der Beek, Yabo Zhou, and Cheng Ma
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3668, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3668, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the evolution of the Harlik Mountains in the Eastern Tianshan. Low-relief surfaces were formed by the Early Cretaceous erosion and subsequent tectonic stability. Later fault activity segmented these surfaces, with uplift and tilting in the Cenozoic driven by tectonic reactivation. These findings provide insights into how landscapes evolve in response to geological and environmental changes over millions of years.
Sandra González-Muñoz, Guido Schreurs, Timothy C. Schmid, and Fidel Martín-González
Solid Earth, 15, 1509–1523, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates how strike-slip faults propagate across domains with lateral contrasting brittle strength using analogue models. The introduction of brittle vertical domains was achieved using quartz microbead sand. The reference vertical domains influence synthetic fault propagation, segmentation, and linkage, as well as the antithetic faults which rotate about a vertical axis due to the applied simple shear. The results aligned with the faults in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula.
Fatemeh Gomar, Jonas B. Ruh, Mahdi Najafi, and Farhad Sobouti
Solid Earth, 15, 1479–1507, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1479-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1479-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigates the structural evolution of the Fars Arc in the Zagros Mountains through numerical modeling. We focus on the effects of the interaction between basement faults and salt décollement levels during tectonic inversion, including a rifting and a convergence phase. In conclusion, our results emphasize the importance of considering fault geometry, salt rheology, and basement involvement in understanding the resistance to deformation and the seismic behavior of fold–thrust belts.
Armin Dielforder, Gian Maria Bocchini, and Andrea Hampel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3592, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3592, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Subduction zones feature a large elevation difference between the deep oceanic trench and the high mountains on land, which causes stresses in the upper plate. We investigate how these topographic stresses affect the aftershock seismicity of large subduction earthquakes using analytical and numerical stress models. We show that topographic stresses have a large influence on aftershock seismicity and promoted most of the seismicity after the Tohoku-Oki (Japan) and Maule (Chile) earthquakes.
Gonzalo Yanez C., Jose Piquer R., and Orlando Rivera H.
Solid Earth, 15, 1319–1342, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1319-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1319-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We postulate that the observed spatial distribution of large earthquakes in active convergence zones, organised in segments where large events are repeated every 100–300 years, depends on large-scale continental faults and fluid release from the subducting slab. In order to support this model, we use proxies at different spatial and temporal scales (historic seismicity, megathrust slip solutions, inter-seismic cumulative seismicity, GPS/viscous plate coupling, and coastline morphology).
Marlise C. Cassel, Nick Kusznir, Gianreto Manatschal, and Daniel Sauter
Solid Earth, 15, 1265–1279, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the along-strike variation in volcanics on the Pelotas segment of the Brazilian margin created during continental breakup and formation of the southern South Atlantic. We show that the volume of volcanics strongly controls the amount of space available for post-breakup sedimentation. We also show that breakup varies along-strike from very magma-rich to magma-normal within a relatively short distance of less than 300 km. This is not as expected from a simple mantle plume model.
Denise Degen, Moritz Ziegler, Oliver Heidbach, Andreas Henk, Karsten Reiter, and Florian Wellmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2932, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2932, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Obtaining reliable estimates of the subsurface state distributions is essential to determine the location of e.g. potential nuclear waste disposal sites. However, providing these is challenging since it requires solving the problem numerous times yielding high computational cost. To overcome this, we use a physics-based machine learning method to construct surrogate models. We demonstrate how it produces physics-preserving predictions, which differentiates it from purely data-driven approaches.
Moritz O. Ziegler, Robin Seithel, Thomas Niederhuber, Oliver Heidbach, Thomas Kohl, Birgit Müller, Mojtaba Rajabi, Karsten Reiter, and Luisa Röckel
Solid Earth, 15, 1047–1063, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The rotation of the principal stress axes in a fault structure because of a rock stiffness contrast has been investigated for the impact of the ratio of principal stresses, the angle between principal stress axes and fault strike, and the ratio of the rock stiffness contrast. A generic 2D geomechanical model is employed for the systematic investigation of the parameter space.
Frank Zwaan, Tiago M. Alves, Patricia Cadenas, Mohamed Gouiza, Jordan J. J. Phethean, Sascha Brune, and Anne C. Glerum
Solid Earth, 15, 989–1028, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-989-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-989-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rifting and the break-up of continents are key aspects of Earth’s plate tectonic system. A thorough understanding of the geological processes involved in rifting, and of the associated natural hazards and resources, is of great importance in the context of the energy transition. Here, we provide a coherent overview of rift processes and the links with hazards and resources, and we assess future challenges and opportunities for (collaboration between) researchers, government, and industry.
Amélie Viger, Stéphane Dominguez, Stéphane Mazzotti, Michel Peyret, Maxime Henriquet, Giovanni Barreca, Carmelo Monaco, and Adrien Damon
Solid Earth, 15, 965–988, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-965-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-965-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
New satellite geodetic data (PS-InSAR) evidence a generalized subsidence and an eastward tilting of southeastern Sicily combined with a local relative uplift along its eastern coast. We perform flexural and elastic modeling and show that the slab pull force induced by the Ionian slab roll-back and extrado deformation reproduce the measured surface deformation. Finally, we propose an original seismic cycle model that is mainly driven by the southward migration of the Ionian slab roll-back.
Ran Issachar, Peter Haas, Nico Augustin, and Jörg Ebbing
Solid Earth, 15, 807–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-807-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-807-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this contribution, we explore the causal relationship between the arrival of the Afar plume and the initiation of the Afro-Arabian rift. We mapped the rift architecture in the triple-junction region using geophysical data and reviewed the available geological data. We interpret a progressive development of the plume–rift system and suggest an interaction between active and passive mechanisms in which the plume provided a push force that changed the kinematics of the associated plates.
Folarin Kolawole and Rasheed Ajala
Solid Earth, 15, 747–762, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the upper-crustal structure of the Rukwa–Tanganyika rift zone in East Africa, where the Tanganyika rift interacts with the Rukwa and Mweru-Wantipa rifts, coinciding with abundant seismicity at the rift tips. Seismic velocity structure and patterns of seismicity clustering reveal zones around 10 km deep with anomalously high Vp / Vs ratios at the rift tips, indicative of a localized mechanically weakened crust caused by mantle volatiles and damage associated with bending strain.
J. Kim Welford
Solid Earth, 15, 683–710, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
I present a synthesis of the continent–ocean boundaries of the southern North Atlantic Ocean, as probed using seismic methods for rock velocity estimation, to assess their deep structures from the crust to the upper mantle and to discuss how they were formed. With this knowledge, it is possible to start evaluating these regions of the Earth for their capacity to produce hydrogen and critical minerals and to store excess carbon dioxide, all with the goal of greening our economy.
Mathews George Gilbert, Parakkal Unnikrishnan, and Munukutla Radhakrishna
Solid Earth, 15, 671–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-671-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-671-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study identifies evidence for extension south of Tellicherry Arch along the southwestern continental margin of India through the integrated analysis of multichannel seismic and gravity data. The sediment deposition pattern indicates that this extension occurred after the Eocene. We further propose that the anticlockwise rotation of India and the passage of the Réunion plume have facilitated the opening of the Laccadive basin.
Emanuele Scaramuzzo, Franz A. Livio, Maria Giuditta Fellin, and Colin Maden
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1135, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1135, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The theory of plate tectonics postulates that the opening and closure of an ocean are tied together into a cycle, namely the Wilson cycle. The rocks exposed in the western Southern Alps preserve the geologic record of two Wilson cycles: an earlier one, which led to the formation of the Variscan orogen, and the recent one, which led to the formation of the European Alps. We delved into this transition, and we found that it did not occur smoothly but through several abrupt changes.
Ana Fonseca, Simon Nachtergaele, Amed Bonilla, Stijn Dewaele, and Johan De Grave
Solid Earth, 15, 329–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-329-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-329-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the erosion and exhumation processes and history of early continental crust hidden within the Amazonian Rainforest. This crust forms part of the Amazonian Craton, an ancient continental fragment. Our surprising findings reveal the area underwent rapid early Cretaceous exhumation triggered by tectonic forces. This discovery challenges the traditional perception that cratons are stable and long-lived entities and shows they can deform readily under specific geological contexts.
Mengdan Chen, Changxin Yin, Danling Chen, Long Tian, Liang Liu, and Lei Kang
Solid Earth, 15, 215–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-215-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-215-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Stishovite remains stable under mantle conditions and can incorporate various amounts of water in its crystal structure. We provide a systematic review of previous studies on water in stishovite and propose a new model for water solubility of Al-bearing stishovite. Calculation results based on this model suggest that stishovite may effectively accommodate water from the breakdown of hydrous minerals and could make an important contribution to water enrichment in the mantle transition zone.
Tiago M. Alves
Solid Earth, 15, 39–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-39-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-39-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine tectonic inversion is reviewed for southwestern Iberia, known for its historical earthquakes and tsunamis. High-quality 2D seismic data image 26 faults mapped to a depth exceeding 10 km. Normal faults accommodated important vertical uplift and shortening. They are 100–250 km long and may generate earthquakes with Mw > 8.0. Regions of Late Mesozoic magmatism comprise thickened, harder crust, forming lateral buttresses to compression and promoting the development of fold-and-thrust belts.
Marine Larrey, Frédéric Mouthereau, Damien Do Couto, Emmanuel Masini, Anthony Jourdon, Sylvain Calassou, and Véronique Miegebielle
Solid Earth, 14, 1221–1244, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Extension leading to the formation of ocean–continental transition can be highly oblique to the main direction of crustal thinning. Here we explore the case of a continental margin exposed in the Betics that developed in a back-arc setting perpendicular to the direction of the retreating Gibraltar subduction. We show that transtension is the main mode of crustal deformation that led to the development of metamorphic domes and extensional intramontane basins.
Sören Tholen, Jolien Linckens, and Gernold Zulauf
Solid Earth, 14, 1123–1154, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Intense phase mixing with homogeneously distributed secondary phases and irregular grain boundaries and shapes indicates that metasomatism formed the microstructures predominant in the shear zone of the NW Ronda peridotite. Amphibole presence, olivine crystal orientations, and the consistency to the Beni Bousera peridotite (Morocco) point to OH-bearing metasomatism by small fractions of evolved melts. Results confirm a strong link between reactions and localized deformation in the upper mantle.
Anindita Samsu, Weronika Gorczyk, Timothy Chris Schmid, Peter Graham Betts, Alexander Ramsay Cruden, Eleanor Morton, and Fatemeh Amirpoorsaeed
Solid Earth, 14, 909–936, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
When a continent is pulled apart, it breaks and forms a series of depressions called rift basins. These basins lie above weakened crust that is then subject to intense deformation during subsequent tectonic compression. Our analogue experiments show that when a system of basins is squeezed in a direction perpendicular to the main trend of the basins, some basins rise up to form mountains while others do not.
Frank Zwaan and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 14, 823–845, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The East African Rift System (EARS) is a major plate tectonic feature splitting the African continent apart. Understanding the tectonic processes involved is of great importance for societal and economic reasons (natural hazards, resources). Laboratory experiments allow us to simulate these large-scale processes, highlighting the links between rotational plate motion and the overall development of the EARS. These insights are relevant when studying other rift systems around the globe as well.
Anna-Katharina Sieberer, Ernst Willingshofer, Thomas Klotz, Hugo Ortner, and Hannah Pomella
Solid Earth, 14, 647–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through analogue models and field observations, we investigate how inherited platform–basin geometries control strain localisation, style, and orientation of reactivated and new structures during inversion. Our study shows that the style of evolving thrusts and their changes along-strike are controlled by pre-existing rheological discontinuities. The results of this study are relevant for understanding inversion structures in general and for the European eastern Southern Alps in particular.
Thorben Schöfisch, Hemin Koyi, and Bjarne Almqvist
Solid Earth, 14, 447–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A magnetic fabric analysis provides information about the reorientation of magnetic grains and is applied to three sandbox models that simulate different stages of basin inversion. The analysed magnetic fabrics reflect the different developed structures and provide insights into the different deformed stages of basin inversion. It is a first attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses to basin inversion sandbox models but shows the possibility of applying it to such models.
Timothy Chris Schmid, Sascha Brune, Anne Glerum, and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 14, 389–407, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-389-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-389-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Continental rifts form by linkage of individual rift segments and disturb the regional stress field. We use analog and numerical models of such rift segment interactions to investigate the linkage of deformation and stresses and subsequent stress deflections from the regional stress pattern. This local stress re-orientation eventually causes rift deflection when multiple rift segments compete for linkage with opposingly propagating segments and may explain rift deflection as observed in nature.
Thomas B. Phillips, John B. Naliboff, Ken J. W. McCaffrey, Sophie Pan, Jeroen van Hunen, and Malte Froemchen
Solid Earth, 14, 369–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Continental crust comprises bodies of varying strength, formed through numerous tectonic events. When subject to extension, these areas produce distinct rift and fault systems. We use 3D models to examine how rifts form above
strongand
weakareas of crust. We find that faults become more developed in weak areas. Faults are initially stopped at the boundaries with stronger areas before eventually breaking through. We relate our model observations to rift systems globally.
Marion Roger, Arjan de Leeuw, Peter van der Beek, Laurent Husson, Edward R. Sobel, Johannes Glodny, and Matthias Bernet
Solid Earth, 14, 153–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study the construction of the Ukrainian Carpathians with LT thermochronology (AFT, AHe, and ZHe) and stratigraphic analysis. QTQt thermal models are combined with burial diagrams to retrieve the timing and magnitude of sedimentary burial, tectonic burial, and subsequent exhumation of the wedge's nappes from 34 to ∼12 Ma. Out-of-sequence thrusting and sediment recycling during wedge building are also identified. This elucidates the evolution of a typical wedge in a roll-back subduction zone.
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, Oriol Ferrer, Riccardo Reitano, Michael Rudolf, and Ernst Willingshofer
Solid Earth, 13, 1859–1905, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional tectonic forces after its formation, it may be inverted. A thorough understanding of such
basin inversionis of great importance for scientific, societal, and economic reasons, and analogue tectonic models form a key part of our efforts to study these processes. We review the advances in the field of basin inversion modelling, showing how the modelling results can be applied, and we identify promising venues for future research.
Eleni Stavropoulou and Lyesse Laloui
Solid Earth, 13, 1823–1841, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Shales are identified as suitable caprock formations for geolocigal CO2 storage thanks to their low permeability. Here, small-sized shale samples are studied under field-representative conditions with X-ray tomography. The geochemical impact of CO2 on calcite-rich zones is for the first time visualised, the role of pre-existing micro-fissures in the CO2 invasion trapping in the matererial is highlighted, and the initiation of micro-cracks when in contact with anhydrous CO2 is demonstrated.
Conor M. O'Sullivan, Conrad J. Childs, Muhammad M. Saqab, John J. Walsh, and Patrick M. Shannon
Solid Earth, 13, 1649–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Slyne Basin is a sedimentary basin located offshore north-western Ireland. It formed through a long and complex evolution involving distinct periods of extension. The basin is subdivided into smaller basins, separated by deep structures related to the ancient Caledonian mountain-building event. These deep structures influence the shape of the basin as it evolves in a relatively unique way, where early faults follow these deep structures, but later faults do not.
Mousumi Roy
Solid Earth, 13, 1415–1430, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1415-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1415-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates one of the key processes that may lead to the destruction and destabilization of continental tectonic plates: the infiltration of buoyant, hot, molten rock (magma) into the base of the plate. Using simple calculations, I suggest that heating during melt–rock interaction may thermally perturb the tectonic plate, weakening it and potentially allowing it to be reshaped from beneath. Geochemical, petrologic, and geologic observations are used to guide model parameters.
Benjamin Guillaume, Guido M. Gianni, Jean-Jacques Kermarrec, and Khaled Bock
Solid Earth, 13, 1393–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Under tectonic forces, the upper part of the crust can break along different types of faults, depending on the orientation of the applied stresses. Using scaled analogue models, we show that the relative magnitude of compressional and extensional forces as well as the presence of inherited structures resulting from previous stages of deformation control the location and type of faults. Our results gives insights into the tectonic evolution of areas showing complex patterns of deformation.
Liming Li, Xianrui Li, Fanyan Yang, Lili Pan, and Jingxiong Tian
Solid Earth, 13, 1371–1391, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1371-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1371-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We constructed a three-dimensional numerical geomechanics model to obtain the continuous slip rates of active faults and crustal velocities in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Based on the analysis of the fault kinematics in the study area, we evaluated the possibility of earthquakes occurring in the main faults in the area, and analyzed the crustal deformation mechanism of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.
Andrzej Głuszyński and Paweł Aleksandrowski
Solid Earth, 13, 1219–1242, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Old seismic data recently reprocessed with modern software allowed us to study at depth the Late Cretaceous tectonic structures in the Permo-Mesozoic rock sequences in the Sudetes. The structures formed in response to Iberia collision with continental Europe. The NE–SW compression undulated the crystalline basement top and produced folds, faults and joints in the sedimentary cover. Our results are of importance for regional geology and in prospecting for deep thermal waters.
R. Dietmar Müller, Nicolas Flament, John Cannon, Michael G. Tetley, Simon E. Williams, Xianzhi Cao, Ömer F. Bodur, Sabin Zahirovic, and Andrew Merdith
Solid Earth, 13, 1127–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1127-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1127-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have built a community model for the evolution of the Earth's plate–mantle system. Created with open-source software and an open-access plate model, it covers the last billion years, including the formation, breakup, and dispersal of two supercontinents, as well as the creation and destruction of numerous ocean basins. The model allows us to
seeinto the Earth in 4D and helps us unravel the connections between surface tectonics and the
beating heartof the Earth, its convecting mantle.
Anthony Jourdon and Dave A. May
Solid Earth, 13, 1107–1125, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present a method to compute a reference pressure based on density structure in which we cast the problem in terms of a partial differential equation (PDE). We show in the context of 3D models of continental rifting that using the pressure as a boundary condition within the flow problem results in non-cylindrical velocity fields, producing strain localization in the lithosphere along large-scale strike-slip shear zones and allowing the formation and evolution of triple junctions.
Luisa Röckel, Steffen Ahlers, Birgit Müller, Karsten Reiter, Oliver Heidbach, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, and Frank Schilling
Solid Earth, 13, 1087–1105, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reactivation of tectonic faults can lead to earthquakes and jeopardize underground operations. The reactivation potential is linked to fault properties and the tectonic stress field. We create 3D geometries for major faults in Germany and use stress data from a 3D geomechanical–numerical model to calculate their reactivation potential and compare it to seismic events. The reactivation potential in general is highest for NNE–SSW- and NW–SE-striking faults and strongly depends on the fault dip.
Nadaya Cubas, Philippe Agard, and Roxane Tissandier
Solid Earth, 13, 779–792, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake extent prediction is limited by our poor understanding of slip deficit patterns. From a mechanical analysis applied along the Chilean margin, we show that earthquakes are bounded by extensive plate interface deformation. This deformation promotes stress build-up, leading to earthquake nucleation; earthquakes then propagate along smoothed fault planes and are stopped by heterogeneously distributed deformation. Slip deficit patterns reflect the spatial distribution of this deformation.
Piotr Krzywiec, Mateusz Kufrasa, Paweł Poprawa, Stanisław Mazur, Małgorzata Koperska, and Piotr Ślemp
Solid Earth, 13, 639–658, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-639-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-639-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Legacy 2-D seismic data with newly acquired 3-D seismic data were used to construct a new model of geological evolution of NW Poland over last 400 Myr. It illustrates how the destruction of the Caledonian orogen in the Late Devonian–early Carboniferous led to half-graben formation, how they were inverted in the late Carboniferous, how the study area evolved during the formation of the Permo-Mesozoic Polish Basin and how supra-evaporitic structures were inverted in the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene.
Paolo Boncio, Eugenio Auciello, Vincenzo Amato, Pietro Aucelli, Paola Petrosino, Anna C. Tangari, and Brian R. Jicha
Solid Earth, 13, 553–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the Gioia Sannitica normal fault (GF) within the southern Matese fault system (SMF) in southern Apennines (Italy). It is a fault with a long slip history that has experienced recent reactivation or acceleration. Present activity has resulted in late Quaternary fault scarps and Holocene surface faulting. The maximum slip rate is ~ 0.5 mm/yr. Activation of the 11.5 km GF or the entire 30 km SMF can produce up to M 6.2 or M 6.8 earthquakes, respectively.
Sepideh Pajang, Laetitia Le Pourhiet, and Nadaya Cubas
Solid Earth, 13, 535–551, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-535-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-535-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The local topographic slope of an accretionary prism is often used to determine the effective friction on subduction megathrust. We investigate how the brittle–ductile and the smectite–illite transitions affect the topographic slope of an accretionary prism and its internal deformation to provide clues to determine the origin of observed low topographic slopes in subduction zones. We finally discuss their implications in terms of the forearc basin and forearc high genesis and nature.
Malcolm Aranha, Alok Porwal, Manikandan Sundaralingam, Ignacio González-Álvarez, Amber Markan, and Karunakar Rao
Solid Earth, 13, 497–518, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rare earth elements (REEs) are considered critical mineral resources for future industrial growth due to their short supply and rising demand. This study applied an artificial-intelligence-based technique to target potential REE-deposit hosting areas in western Rajasthan, India. Uncertainties associated with the prospective targets were also estimated to aid decision-making. The presented workflow can be applied to similar regions elsewhere to locate potential zones of REE mineralisation.
Erica D. Erlanger, Maria Giuditta Fellin, and Sean D. Willett
Solid Earth, 13, 347–365, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-347-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-347-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present an erosion rate analysis on dated rock and sediment from the Northern Apennine Mountains, Italy, which provides new insights on the pattern of erosion rates through space and time. This analysis shows decreasing erosion through time on the Ligurian side but increasing erosion through time on the Adriatic side. We suggest that the pattern of erosion rates is consistent with the present asymmetric topography in the Northern Apennines, which has likely existed for several million years.
Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Totaro, Giusy Lavecchia, Barbara Orecchio, Rita de Nardis, Debora Presti, Federica Ferrarini, Simone Bello, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 13, 205–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Pollino region is a highly seismic area of Italy. Increasing the geological knowledge on areas like this contributes to reducing risk and saving lives. We reconstruct the 3D model of the faults which generated the 2010–2014 seismicity integrating geological and seismological data. Appropriate relationships based on the dimensions of the activated faults suggest that they did not fully discharge their seismic potential and could release further significant earthquakes in the near future.
Steven Whitmeyer, Lynn Fichter, Anita Marshall, and Hannah Liddle
Solid Earth, 12, 2803–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Field trips in the Stratigraphy, Structure, Tectonics (SST) course transitioned to a virtual format in Fall 2020, due to the COVID pandemic. Virtual field experiences (VFEs) were developed in web Google Earth and were evaluated in comparison with on-location field trips via an online survey. Students recognized the value of VFEs for revisiting outcrops and noted improved accessibility for students with disabilities. Potential benefits of hybrid field experiences were also indicated.
Amir Kalifi, Philippe Hervé Leloup, Philippe Sorrel, Albert Galy, François Demory, Vincenzo Spina, Bastien Huet, Frédéric Quillévéré, Frédéric Ricciardi, Daniel Michoux, Kilian Lecacheur, Romain Grime, Bernard Pittet, and Jean-Loup Rubino
Solid Earth, 12, 2735–2771, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Molasse deposits, deposited and deformed at the western Alpine front during the Miocene (23 to 5.6 Ma), record the chronology of that deformation. We combine the first precise chronostratigraphy (precision of ∼0.5 Ma) of the Miocene molasse, the reappraisal of the regional structure, and the analysis of growth deformation structures in order to document three tectonic phases and the precise chronology of thrust westward propagation during the second one involving the Belledonne basal thrust.
Mark R. Handy, Stefan M. Schmid, Marcel Paffrath, Wolfgang Friederich, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2633–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
New images from the multi-national AlpArray experiment illuminate the Alps from below. They indicate thick European mantle descending beneath the Alps and forming blobs that are mostly detached from the Alps above. In contrast, the Adriatic mantle in the Alps is much thinner. This difference helps explain the rugged mountains and the abundance of subducted and exhumed units at the core of the Alps. The blobs are stretched remnants of old ocean and its margins that reach down to at least 410 km.
Maurizio Ercoli, Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Pauselli, Harry M. Jol, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 12, 2573–2596, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Past strong earthquakes can produce topographic deformations, often
memorizedin Quaternary sediments, which are typically studied by paleoseismologists through trenching. Using a ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we unveiled possible buried Quaternary faulting in the Mt. Pollino seismic gap region (southern Italy). We aim to contribute to seismic hazard assessment of an area potentially prone to destructive events as well as promote our workflow in similar contexts around the world.
Cited articles
Afonso, J. C. and Zlotnik, S.: The subductability of continental lithosphere: The before and after story, in: Arc-Continent Collision, edited by: Brown, D. and Ryan, P., Front. Earth Sci., 53–86, 2011.
Amante, C. and Eakins, B.: ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis, NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, 2009.
Andersen, T. B., Corfu, F., Labrousse, L., and Osmundsen, P.-T.: Evidence for hyperextension along the pre-Caledonian margin of Baltica, J. Geol. Soc., 169, 601–612, 2012.
Arai, R., Iwasaki, T., Sato, H., Abe, S., and Hirata, N.: Collision and subduction structure of the Izu-Bonin arc, central Japan, revealed by refraction/wide-angle reflection analysis, Tectonophysics, 475, 438–453, 2009.
Artyushkov, E.: Continental crust in the Lomonosov Ridge, Mendeleev Ridge, and the Makarov basin. The formation of deep-water basins in the Neogene, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 51, 1179–1191, 2010.
Barton, P. J.: The relationship between seismic velocity and density in the continental crust – a useful constraint?, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 87, 195–208, 1986.
Bassett, D., Sutherland, R., Henry, S., Stern, T., Scherwath, M., Benson, A., Toulmin, S., and Henderson, M.: Three-dimensional velocity structure of the northern Hikurangi margin, Raukumara, New Zealand: Implications for the growth of continental crust by subduction erosion and tectonic underplating, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 11, 10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GC003137, 2010.
Behn, M. D. and Kelemen, P. B.: Stability of arc lower crust: Insights from the Talkeetna arc section, south central Alaska, and the seismic structure of modern arcs, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B11207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004327, 2006.
Behn, M. D., Hirth, G., and Kelemen, P. B.: Trench-Parallel Anisotropy Produced by Foundering of Arc Lower Crust, Science, 317, 108–110, 2007.
Beltrando, M., Rubatto, D., and Manatschal, G.: From passive margins to orogens: The link between ocean-continent transition zones and (ultra)high-pressure metamorphism, Geology, 38, 559–562, 2010.
Ben-Avraham, Z., Nur, A., Jones, D., and Cox, A.: Continental Accretion: From Oceanic Plateaus to Allochthonous Terranes, Science, 213, 47–54, 1981.
Beranek, L. P., van Staal, C. R., McClelland, W. C., Joyce, N., and Israel, S.: Late Paleozoic assembly of the Alexander-Wrangellia-Peninsular composite terrane, Canadian and Alaskan Cordillera, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 26, 1531–1550, https://doi.org/10.1130/31066.1, 2014.
Bird, P., Quinton, N., Beeson, M., and Bristow, C.: Mindoro: a rifted microcontinent in collision with the Philippines volcanic arc; basin evolution and hydrocarbon potential, J. Southe. Asian Earth, 8, 449–468, 1993.
Bohnhoff, M. and Makris, J.: Crustal structure of the southeastern I}celand-Faeroe Ridge {(IFR) from wide aperture seismic data, J. Geodyn., 37, 233–252, 2004.
Borissova, I., Coffin, M. F., Charvis, P., and Operto, S.: Structure and development of a microcontinent: Elan Bank in the southern Indian Ocean, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4, 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000535, 2003.
Boutelier, D., Chemenda, A., and Burg, J.-P.: Subduction versus accretion of intra-oceanic volcanic arcs: insight from thermo-mechanical analogue experiments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 212, 31–45, 2003.
Breivik, A. J., Mjelde, R., Faleide, J. I., and Murai, Y.: The eastern Jan Mayen microcontinent volcanic margin, Geophys. J. Int., 188, 798–818, 2012.
Brennan, P. R. K., Gilbert, H., and Ridgway, K. D.: Crustal structure across the central Alaska Range: Anatomy of a Mesozoic collisional zone, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003519, 2011.
Briais, A., Ondreas, H., Klingelhoefer, F., Dosso, L., Hamelin, C., and Guillou, H.: Origin of volcanism on the flanks of the P}acific-Antarctic ridge between 41°30´ {S and 52° S, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002350, 2009.
Bruhn, R. L., Pavlis, T. L., Plafker, G., and Serpa, L.: Deformation during terrane accretion in the Saint Elias orogen, Alaska, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 116, 771–787, 2004.
Bryan, S. E. and Ernst, R. E.: Revised definition of L}arge Igneous Provinces {(LIPs), Earth-Sci. Rev., 86, 175–202, 2008.
Bryan, W., Stone, G., and Ewart, A.: Geology, Petrography, and Geochemistry of the Volcanic islands of Tonga, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 1566–1585, 1972.
Buchs, D. M., Baumgartner, P. O., Baumgartner-Mora, C., Bandini, A. N., Jackett, S.-J., Diserens, M.-O., and Stucki, J.: Late C}retaceous to Miocene seamount accretion and melange formation in the Osa and Burica Peninsulas (Southern Costa Rica): episodic growth of a convergent margin, in: The Origin and Evolution of the Caribbean Plate, edited by: James, K., Lorente, M., and Pindell, J., { Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., Geol. Soc. London, 328, 411–456, 2009.
Buck, W. R. and Parmentier, E. M.: Convection Beneath Young Oceanic Lithosphere: Implications for Thermal Structure and Gravity, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 1961–1974, 1986.
Busby, C.: Continental growth at convergent margins facing large ocean basins: a case study from Mesozoic convergent-margin basins of Baja California, Mexico, Tectonophysics, 392, 241–277, 2004.
Busby, C., Adams, B. F., Mattinson, J., and Deoreo, S.: View of an intact oceanic arc, from surficial to mesozonal levels: Cretaceous Alisitos arc, Baja California, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 149, 1–46, 2006.
Calvert, A. J.: The seismic structure of island arc crust, in: Arc-Continent Collision, edited by: Brown, D. and Ryan, P. D., Frontiers in Earth Sciences, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 4, 87–119, 2011.
Calvert, A. J., Klemperer, S. L., Takahashi, N., and Kerr, B. C.: Three-dimensional crustal structure of the Mariana island arc from seismic tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB004939, 2008.
Campbell, I. H. and Kerr, A. C.: The Great Plume Debate: Testing the plume theory, Chem. Geol., 241, 149–152, 2007.
Canil, D., Styan, J., Larocque, J., Bonnet, E., and Kyba, J.: Thickness and composition of the Bonanza arc crustal section, Vancouver Island, Canada, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 122, 1094–1105, 2010.
Caress, D. W., McNutt, M. K., Detrick, R. S., and Mutter, J. C.: Seismic imaging of hotspot-related crustal underplating beneath the Marquesas Islands, Nature, 373, 600–603, 1995.
Carlson, R., Christensen, N. I., and Moore, R.: Anomalous crustal structures in ocean basins: Continental fragments and oceanic plateaus, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 51, 171–180, 1980.
Carlson, R. L. and Herrick, C. N.: Densities and porosities in the Oceanic Crust and their variations with depth and age, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 9153–9170, 1990.
Cawood, P. A. and Buchan, C.: Linking accretionary orogenesis with supercontinent assembly, Earth-Sci. Rev., 82, 217–256, 2007.
Cawood, P. A., Kröner, A., Collins, W. J., Kusky, T. M., Mooney, W. D., and Windley, B. F.: Accretionary orogens through E}arth history, in: Earth Accretionary Systems in Space and Time, edited by: Cawood, P. A. and Kröner, A., {Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., Geol. Soc. London, 318, 1–36, 2009.
Charvis, P. and Operto, S.: Structure of the Cretaceous Kerguelen Volcanic Province "southern Indian Ocean" from wide-angle seismic data, J. Geodyn., 28, 51–71, 1999.
Charvis, P., Recq, M., Operto, S., and Brefort, D.: Deep structure of the northern Kerguelen Plateau and hotspot-related activity, Geophys. J. Int, 122, 899–924, 1995.
Charvis, P., Laesanpura, A., Gallart, J., Hirn, A., Lepine, J.-C., de Voogd, B., Minshull, T. A., Hello, Y., and Pontoise, B.: Spatial distribution of hotspot material added to the lithosphere under La Reunion, from wide-angle seismic data, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2875–2893, 1999.
Chave, A. D.: Lithospheric structure of the Walvis Ridge from Rayleigh wave dispersion, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 6840–6848, 1979.
Chopin, C.: Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism: tracing continental crust into the mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 212, 1–14, 2003.
Christensen, N. and Mooney, W.: Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust: A global view, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9761–9788, 1995.
Christensen, N. I. and Shaw, G. H.: Elasticity of Mafic Rocks from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 20, 271–284, 1970.
Christeson, G. L., Mann, P., Escalona, A., and Aitken, T. J.: Crustal structure of the Caribbean–northeastern South America arc-continent collision zone, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B08104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005373, 2008.
Chung, S.-L., Liu, D., Ji, J., Chu, M.-F., Lee, H.-Y., Wen, D.-J., Lo, C.-H., Lee, T.-Y., Qian, Q., and Zhang, Q.: Adakites from continental collision zones: Melting of thickened lower crust beneath southern Tibet, Geology, 31, 1021–1024, 2003.
Clift, P. and Vannucchi, P.: Controls on tectonic accretion versus erosion in subduction zones: implications for the origin and recycling of the continental crust, Rev. Geophys., 42, 1–31, 2004.
Clift, P. D., Schouten, H., and Vannucchi, P.: Arc-continent collisions, sediment recycling and the maintenance of the continental crust, in: Earth Accretionary Systems in Space and Time, edited by: Cawood, P. A. and Kröner, A., Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., Geol. Soc. London, 318, 75–103, 2009a.
Clift, P. D., Vannucchi, P., and Morgan, J. P.: Crustal redistribution, crust–mantle recycling and Phanerozoic evolution of the continental crust, Earth-Sci. Rev., 97, 80–104, 2009b.
Cloos, M.: Lithospheric buoyancy and collisional orogenesis: Subduction of oceanic plateaus, continental margins, island arcs, spreading ridges, and seamounts, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 105, 715–737, 1993.
Cloos, M. and Shreve, R. L.: Subduction-Channel Model of Prism Accretion, Melange Formation, Sediment Subduction, and Subduction Erosion at Convergent Plate Margins: 1. Background and Description, Pure Appl. Geophys., 128, 455–500, 1988.
Clowes, R. M., Zelt, C. A., Amor, J. R., and Ellis, R. M.: Lithospheric structure in the southern Canadian Cordillera from a network of seismic refraction lines, Can. J. Earth Sci., 32, 1485–1513, 1995.
Coffin, M. F. and Eldholm, O.: Volcanism and continental break-up: a global compilation of large igneous provinces, in: Magmatism and the Causes of Continental Break-up, edited by: Storey, B., Alabaster, T., and Pankhurst, R., Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., Geol. Soc. London, 68, 17–30, 1992.
Coffin, M. F. and Eldholm, O.: Large Igneous Provinces: Crustal structure, dimensions, and external consequences, Rev. Geophys., 32, 1–36, 1994.
Collier, J. S., Minshull, T. A., Hammond, J. O. S., Whitmarsh, R. B., Kendall, J.-M., Sansom, V., Lane, C. I., and Rumpker, G.: Factors influencing magmatism during continental breakup: New insights from a wide-angle seismic experiment across the conjugate Seychelles-Indian margins, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B03101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005898, 2009.
Collins, W. J.: Hot orogens, tectonic switching, and creation of continental crust, Geology, 30, 535–538, 2002.
Condie, K. C. and Kröner, A.: The building blocks of continental crust: Evidence for a major change in the tectonic setting of continental growth at the end of the Archean, Gondwana Res., 23, 394–402, 2013.
Coney, P.: Mesozoic-Cenozoic C}ordilleran plate tectonics, in: Cenozoic Tectonics and Regional Geophysics of the Western Cordillera, edited by: Smith, R. and Eaton, G., {Geol. Soc. A. Mem., Geol. Soc. Am., 152, 33–50, 1978.
Coney, P. J., Jones, D., and Monger, J.: Cordilleran suspect terranes, Nature, 288, 329–333, 1980.
Contreras-Reyes, E. and Carrizo, D.: Control of high oceanic features and subduction channel on earthquake ruptures along the Chile–Peru subduction zone, Phys. Earth Planet, 186, 49–58, 2011.
Contreras-Reyes, E., Grevemeyer, I., Watts, A., Planert, L., Flueh, E., and Peirce, C.: Crustal intrusion beneath the Louisville hotspot track, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 289, 323–333, 2010.
Cook, F. A., Clowes, R. M., Snyder, D. B., van der Velden, A. J., Hall, K. W., Erdmer, P., and Evenchick, C. A.: Precambrian crust beneath the Mesozoic northern Canadian Cordillera discovered by Lithoprobe seismic reflection profiling, Tectonics, 23, TC2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002TC001412, 2004.
Cooper, A. K., Marlow, M. S., and Ben-Avraham, Z.: Multichannel seismic evidence bearing on the origin of Bowers Ridge, Bering Sea, Geol. Soc. Am. Bulletin, 92, 471–484, 1981.
Corfield, R.: Reaching for the real Atlantis, Chemistry and Industry, 77, 36–39, 2013.
Coudert, E., Cardwell, R. K., Isacks, B. L., and Chatelain, J.-L.: P-wave velocity of the uppermost mantle and crustal thickness in the Central Vanuatu Islands (New Hebrides Island arc), Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 74, 913–924, 1984.
Crawford, W. C., Hildebrand, J. A., Dorman, L. M., Webb, S. C., and Wiens, D. A.: Tonga Ridge and Lau Basin crustal structure from seismic refraction data, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2195, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001435, 2003.
Currie, C. A. and Hyndman, R. D.: The thermal structure of subduction zone back arcs, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B08404, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004024, 2006.
Davison, I., Stasiuk, S., Nuttall, P., and Keane, P.: Sub-basalt hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Rockall, Faroe–Shetland and Møre basins, NE Atlantic, Geol. Soc. London, Petrol. Geol. Conf. series, 7, 1025–1032, 2010.
Davy, B., Hoernle, K., and Werner, R.: Hikurangi Plateau: Crustal structure, rifted formation, and Gondwana subduction history, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, 7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001855, 2008.
De Franco, R., Govers, R., and Wortel, R.: Dynamics of continental collision: influence of the plate contact, Geophys. J. Int., 174, 1101–1120, 2008.
Debari, S. M. and Sleep, N. H.: High-Mg, low-Al bulk composition of the Talkeetna island arc, Alaska: Implications for primary magmas and the nature of arc crust, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 103, 37–47, 1991.
Den, N., Ludwig, W. J., Murauchi, S., Ewing, J. I., Hotta, H., Edgar, N. T., Yoshii, T., Asanuma, T., Hagiwara, K., Sato, T., and Ando, S.: Seismic-Refraction Measurements in the Northwest Pacific Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 1421–1434, 1969.
Den, N., Ludwig, W., Murauchi, S., Ewing, M., Hotta, H., Asanuma, T., Yoshii, T., Kubotera, A., and Hagiwara, K.: Sediments and Structure of the Eauripik-New Guinea Rise, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 4711–4723, 1971.
Desrochers, J.-P., Hubert, C., Ludden, J. N., and Pilote, P.: Accretion of Archean oceanic plateau fragments in the Abitibi, greenstone belt, Canada, Geology, 21, 451–454, 1993.
Dickinson, W. R.: Geodynamic interpretation of P}aleozoic tectonic trends oriented oblique to the Mesozoic Klamath-Sierran continental margin in California, in: {Paleozoic and Triassic paleogeography and tectonics of western Nevada and northern California, edited by: Soreghan, M. and Gehrels, G., Geol. Soc. A. SP., Geol. Soc. Am., 347, 209–245, 2000.
Dickinson, W. R.: Geotectonic evolution of the Great Basin, Geosphere, 2, 353–368, 2006.
Dimalanta, C. B. and Yumul, G. P.: Crustal thickening in an active margin setting (Philippines): The whys and the hows, Episodes, 27, 260–264, 2004.
Døssing, A., Dahl-Jensen, T., Thybo, H., Mjelde, R., and Nishimura, Y.: East Greenland Ridge in the North Atlantic Ocean: An integrated geophysical study of a continental sliver in a boundary transform fault setting, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B10107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005536, 2008.
Dove, D., Coakley, B., Hopper, J., Kristoffersen, Y., and Team, H. G.: Bathymetry, controlled source seismic and gravity observations of the Mendeleev ridge; implications for ridge structure, origin, and regional tectonics, Geophys. J. Int., 183, 481–502, 2010.
Draut, A. E. and Clift, P. D.: Differential preservation in the geologic record of intraoceanic arc sedimentary and tectonic processes, Earth-Science Reviews, 116, 57–84, 2013.
Ellis, M.: Lithospheric Strength in Compression: Initiation of Subduction, Flake Tectonics, Foreland Migration of Thrusting, and an Origin of Displaced Terranes, J. Geol., 96, 91–100, 1988.
Ellis, S., Beaumont, C., and Pfiffner, O. A.: Geodynamic models of crustal-scale episodic tectonic accretion and underplating in subduction zones, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15169–15190, 1999.
England, P., Engdahl, R., and Thatcher, W.: Systematic variation in the depths of slabs beneath arc volcanoes, Geophys. J. Int, 156, 377–408, 2004.
England, P. C. and Katz, R. F.: Melting above the anhydrous solidus controls the location of volcanic arcs, Nature, 467, 700–704, 2010.
English, J. M. and Johnston, S. T.: Collisional orogenesis in the northern Canadian Cordillera: Implications for Cordilleran crustal structure, ophiolite emplacement, continental growth, and the terrane hypothesis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 232, 333–344, 2005.
Espurt, N., Funiciello, F., Martinod, J., Guillaume, B., Regard, V., Faccenna, C., and Brusset, S.: Flat subduction dynamics and deformation of the South American plate: Insights from analog modeling, Tectonics, 27, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007TC002175, 2008.
Flower, M. F. J. and Dilek, Y.: Arc-trench rollback and forearc accretion: 1. A collision-induced mantle flow model for Tethyan ophiolites, Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., 218, 21–41, 2003.
Forsyth, D. W., Harmon, N., Scheirer, D. S., and Duncan, R. A.: Distribution of recent volcanism and the morphology of seamounts and ridges in the GLIMPSE study area: Implications for the lithospheric cracking hypothesis for the origin of intraplate, non–hot spot volcanic chains, J. Geophys. Res., 111, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004075, 2006.
Foulger, G. R.: The "plate"model for the genesis of melting anomalies, in: The Origins of Melting Anomalies: Plumes, Plates, and Planetary Processes, edited by: Foulger, G. R. and Jurdy, D., Geol. Soc. A. SP., Geol. Soc. Am., 430, 1–28, 2007.
Fowler, S. R., White, R. S., Spence, G. D., and Westbrook, G. K.: The H}atton Bank continental margin–-II. {Deep structure from two-ship expanding spread seismic profiles, Geophys. J. Int., 96, 295–309, 1989.
Francis, T. J. and George G. Shor, J.: Seismic refraction measurements in the northwest Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 427–449, 1966.
Francis, T. J. and Raitt, R. W.: Seismic refraction measurements in the southern Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 3015–3041, 1967.
Frey, F., Coffin, M., Wallace, P., Weis, D., Zhao, X., Jr., S. W., Wahnert, V., Teagle, D., Saccocia, P., Reusch, D., Pringle, M., Nicolaysen, K., Neal, C., Mueller, R., Moore, C., Mahoney, J., Keszthelyi, L., Inokuchi, H., Duncan, R., Delius, H., Damuth, J., Damasceno, D., Coxall, H., Borre, M., Boehm, F., Barling, J., Arndt, N., and Antretter, M.: Origin and evolution of a submarine large igneous province: the Kerguelen Plateau and Broken Ridge, southern Indian Ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 176, 73–89, 2000.
Froitzheim, N.: Origin of the Monte Rosa nappe in the Pennine Alps-A new working hypothesis, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 113, 604–614, 2001.
Funck, T.: Crustal structure of the ocean-continent transition at Flemish Cap: Seismic refraction results, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2531, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002434, 2003.
Funck, T., Andersen, M. S., Neish, J. K., and Dahl-Jensen, T.: A refraction seismic transect from the Faroe Islands to the Hatton-Rockall Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005675, 2008.
Gaina, C., Muller, R., Brown, B., and Ishihara, T.: Microcontinent formation around A}ustralia, in: Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate, edited by: Hillis, R. and Muller, R., {Geol. Soc. A. SP., Geol. Soc. Am., 372, 405–416, 2003.
Garrido, C. J., Bodinier, J.-L., Dhuime, B., Bosch, D., Chanefo, I., Bruguier, O., Hussain, S. S., Dawood, H., and Burg, J.-P.: Origin of the island arc Moho transition zone via melt-rock reaction and its implications for intracrustal differentiation of island arcs: Evidence from the Jijal complex (Kohistan complex, northern Pakistan), Geology, 35, 683–686, 2007.
Geldmacher, J., Hoernle, K., Bogaard, P. V. D., Hauff, F., and Klugel, A.: Age and Geochemistry of the C}entral American Forearc Basement (DSDP {Leg 67 and 84): I}nsights into Mesozoic Arc Volcanism and Seamount Accretion on the Fringe of the Caribbean {LIP, J. Petrol., 49, 1781–1815, 2008.
Gerlings, J., Louden, K. E., and Jackson, H. R.: Crustal structure of the Flemish Cap Continental Margin (eastern Canada): an analysis of a seismic refraction profile, Geophys. J. Int., 185, 30–48, 2011.
Gettrust, J., Furukawa, K., and Kroenke, L.: Crustal Structure of the Shatsky Rise From Seismic Refraction Measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 5411–5415, 1980.
Ghani, A. A., Searle, M., Robb, L., and Chung, S.-L.: Transitional I S type characteristic in the Main Range Granite, Peninsular Malaysia, J. Asian Earth Sci., 76, 225–240, 2013.
Gohl, K. and Uenzelmann-Neben, G.: The crustal role of the Agulhas Plateau, southwest Indian Ocean: evidence from seismic profiling, Geophys. J. Int., 144, 632–646, 2001.
González, A., Córdoba, D., and Vales, D.: Seismic crustal structure of Galicia Continental Margin, NW Iberian Peninsula, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1061–1064, 1999.
Goslin, J., Recq, M., and Schlich, R.: Structure profonde du plateau de Madagascar: Relations avec le plateau de Crozet, Tectonophysics, 76, 75–85, 89–97, 1981.
Greene, A. R., DeBari, S. M., Kelemen, P., Blusztajn, J., and Clift, P. D.: A Detailed Geochemical Study of Island Arc Crust: the Talkeetna Arc Section, South–Central Alaska, J. Petrol., 47, 1051–1093, 2006.
Greene, A. R., Scoates, J. S., Weis, D., Nixon, G. T., and Kieffer, B.: Melting History and Magmatic Evolution of Basalts and Picrites from the Accreted Wrangellia Oceanic Plateau, Vancouver Island, Canada, J. Petrol., 50, 467–505, 2009.
Greene, A. R., Scoates, J. S., Weis, D., Katvala, E. C., Israel, S., and Nixon, G. T.: The architecture of oceanic plateaus revealed by the volcanic stratigraphy of the accreted Wrangellia oceanic plateau, Geosphere, 6, 47–73, 2010.
Grevemeyer, I. and Flueh, E. R.: Crustal underplating and its implications for subsidence and state of isostasy along the Ninetyeast Ridge hotspot trail, Geophys. J. Int, 142, 643–649, 2000.
Grevemeyer, I., Flueh, E., Reichert, C., Bialas, J., Klaschen, D., and Kopp, C.: Crustal architecture and deep structure of the Ninetyeast Ridge hotspot trail from active-source ocean bottom seismology, Geophys. J. Int., 144, 414–431, 2000.
Grobys, J., Gohl, K., Uenzelmann-Neben, G., Davy, B., and Barker, D.: Extensional and magmatic nature of the Campbell Plateau and Great South Basin from deep crustal studies, Tectonophysics, 472, 213–225, 2009.
Grobys, J. W. G., Gohl, K., Davy, B., Uenzelmann-Neben, G., Deen, T., and Barker, D.: Is the Bounty Trough off eastern New Zealand an aborted rift?, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B03103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004229, 2007.
Grove, T. L., Till, C. B., Lev, E., Chatterjee, N., and Medard, E.: Kinematic variables and water transport control the formation and location of arc volcanoes, Nature, 459, 694–697, 2009.
Grow, J. A.: Crustal and upper mantle structure of the Central Aleutian Arc, Geol. Soc. Am. Bulletin, 84, 2169–2192, 1973.
Gupta, S., Mishra, S., and Rai, S. S.: Magmatic underplating of crust beneath the L}accadive Island, NW {Indian Ocean, Geophys. J. Int., 183, 536–542, 2010.
Hacker, B. R., Mehl, L., Kelemen, P. B., Rioux, M., Behn, M. D., and Luffi, P.: Reconstruction of the Talkeetna intraoceanic arc of Alaska through thermobarometry, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B03204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005208, 2008.
Hagen, R. A. and Moberly, R.: Tectonic effects of a subducting aseismic ridge: The subduction of the Nazca Ridge at the Peru Trench, Mar. Geophys. Res., 16, 145–161, 1994.
Hales, A. and Nation, J.: A seismic refraction study in the southern Indian Ocean, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 63, 1951–1966, 1973.
Hall, R.: The Eurasian SE Asian margin as a modern example of an accretionary orogen, in: Earth A}ccretionary Systems in Space and Time, edited by: Cawood, P. A. and Kröner, A., {Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., Geol. Soc. London, 318, 351–372, 2009.
Hammer, P. T., Clowes, R. M., Cook, F. A., van der Velden, A. J., and Vasudevan, K.: The Lithoprobe trans-continental lithospheric cross sections: imaging the internal structure of the North American continent, Can. J. Earth Sci., 47, 821–857, 2010.
Hampel, A., Kukowski, N., Bialas, J., Huebscher, C., and Heinbockel, R.: Ridge subduction at an erosive margin: The collision zone of the Nazca Ridge in southern Peru, J. Geophys. Res., 109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002593, 2004.
Handy, M. R., Schmid, S. M., Bousquet, R., Kissling, E., and Bernoulli, D.: Reconciling plate-tectonic reconstructions of Alpine Tethys with the geological–geophysical record of spreading and subduction in the Alps, Earth-Sci. Rev., 102, 121–158, 2010.
Harland, K. E., White, R. S., and Soosalu, H.: Crustal structure beneath the Faroe Islands from teleseismic receiver functions, Geophys. J. Int., 177, 115–124, 2009.
Hastie, A. R. and Kerr, A. C.: Mantle plume or slab window?: Physical and geochemical constraints on the origin of the Caribbean oceanic plateau, Earth-Sci. Rev., 98, 283–293, 2010.
Heinson, G.: Rifting of a passive margin and development of a lower-crustal detachment zone: Evidence from marine magnetotellurics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022934, 2005.
Hermansson, T., Stephens, M. B., Corfu, F., Page, L. M., and Andersson, J.: Migratory tectonic switching, western Svecofennian orogen, central Sweden: Constraints from U/Pb zircon and titanite geochronology, Precambrian Res., 161, 250–278, 2008.
Hitchen, K.: The geology of the UK Hatton-Rockall margin, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 21, 993–1012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.05.004, 2004.
Hoernle, K., van den Bogaard, P., Werner, R., Lissinna, B., Hauff, F., Alvarado, G., and Garbe-Schönberg, D.: Missing history (16–71 Ma) of the Galápagos hotspot: Implications for the tectonic and biological evolution of the Americas, Geology, 30, 795–798, 2002.
Hoernle, K., Hauff, F., van den Bogaard, P., Werner, R., Mortimer, N., Geldmacher, J., Garbe-Schonberg, D., and Davy, B.: Age and geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Hikurangi and Manihiki oceanic plateaus, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 74, 7196–7219, 2010.
Hoffman, P. F. and Ranalli, G.: Archean oceanic flake tectonics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1077–1080, 1988.
Holbrook, W. S., Lizarralde, D., McGeary, S., Bangs, N., and Diebold, J.: Structure and composition of the Aleutian island arc and implications for continental crustal growth, Geology, 27, 31–34, 1999.
Honda, S. and Saito, M.: Small-scale convection under the back-arc occurring in the low viscosity wedge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 216, 703–715, 2003.
Honda, S., Yoshida, T., and Aoike, K.: Spatial and temporal evolution of arc volcanism in the northeast Honshu and Izu-Bonin Arcs: Evidence of small-scale convection under the island arc?, Island Arc, 16, 214–223, 2007.
Hussong, D., Wipperman, L., and Kroenke, L.: The Crustal Structure of the Ontong Java and Manihiki Oceanic Plateaus, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 6003–6010, 1979.
Hyndman, R. D., Currie, C. A., and Mazzotti, S. P.: Subduction zone backarcs, mobile belts, and orogenic heat, GSA Today, 15, 4–10, 2005.
Ibrahim, A. K., Pontoise, B., Latham, G., Larue, M., Chen, T., Isacks, B., Recy, J., and Louat, R.: Structure of the New Hebrides Arc-Trench System, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 253–266, 1980.
Ichiyama, Y., Ishiwatari, A., Kimura, J.-I., Senda, R., Kawabata, H., and Tatsumi, Y.: Picrites in central Hokkaido: Evidence of extremely high temperature magmatism in the Late Jurassic ocean recorded in an accreted oceanic plateau, Geology, 40, 411–414, 2012.
Irwin, W. P.: Terranes of the western Paleozoic and Triassic Belt in the southern Klamath Mountains, California, US Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 800-C, 103–111, 1972.
Isozaki, Y., Maruyama, S., and Furuoka, F.: Accreted oceanic materials in Japan, Tectonophysics, 181, 179–205, 1990.
Ito, T., Kojima, Y., Kodaira, S., Sato, H., Kaneda, Y., Iwasaki, T., Kurashimo, E., Tsumura, N., Fujiwara, A., Miyauchi, T., Hirata, N., Harder, S., Miller, K., Murata, A., Yamakita, S., Onishi, M., Abe, S., Sato, T., and Ikawa, T.: Crustal structure of southwest Japan, revealed by the integrated seismic experiment Southwest Japan 2002, Tectonophysics, 472, 124–134, 2009.
Jackson, H. R., Dahl-Jensen, T., and the LORITA working group: Sedimentary and crustal structure from the Ellesmere Island and Greenland continental shelves onto the Lomonosov Ridge, Arctic Ocean, Geophys. J. Int., 182, 11–35, 2010.
Johnston, S. and Borel, G.: The odyssey of the Cache Creek terrane, Canadian Cordillera: Implications for accretionary orogens, tectonic setting of Panthalassa, the Pacific superwell, and break-up of Pangea, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 253, 415–428, 2007.
Johnston, S. T.: The Great Alaskan Terrane Wreck: reconciliation of paleomagnetic and geological data in the northern Cordillera, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 193, 259–272, 2001.
Johnston, S. T.: The Cordilleran Ribbon Continent of North America, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci, 36, 495–530, 2008.
Jones, D. L., Silberling, N. J., Gilbert, W., and Coney, P.: Character, distribution, and tectonic significance of accretionary terranes in the Central Alaska Range, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 3709–3717, 1982.
Jull, M. and Kelemen, P. B.: On the conditions for lower crustal convective instability, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 6423–6446, 2001.
Kaneda, K., Nishizawa, A., and Kasahara, J.: Crustal structure model of the Ogasawara Plateau colliding with the Philippine Sea Plate, Japan Earth and Planetary Science Joint Meeting Abstracts, j078–011, 2005.
Kaneda, K., Kodaira, S., Nishizawa, A., Morishita, T., and Takahashi, N.: Structural evolution of preexisting oceanic crust through intraplate igneous activities in the Marcus-Wake seamount chain, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GC003231, 2010.
Karig, D. E.: Ridges and Basins of the Tonga-Kermadec Island Arc System, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 239–54, 1970.
Karig, D. E.: Remnant arcs, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 83, 1057–1068, 1972.
Keppie, J. D. and Dallmeyer, R. D.: Late Paleozoic collision, delamination, short-lived magmatism, and rapid denudation in the Meguma Terrane (Nova Scotia, Canada): constraints from 40Ar/39Ar isotopic data, Can. J. Earth Sci., 32, 644–659, 1995.
Kerr, A.: Oceanic Plateaus, in: Treatise on Geochemistry, edited by: Holland, H. D. and Turekian, K. K., Pergamon, Oxford, 537–565, 2003.
Kerr, A. C. and Mahoney, J. J.: Oceanic plateaus: Problematic plumes, potential paradigms, Chem. Geol., 241, 332–353, 2007.
Kerr, A. C. and Tarney, J.: Tectonic evolution of the Caribbean and northwestern South America: The case for accretion of two Late Cretaceous oceanic plateaus, Geology, 33, 269–272, 2005.
Kerr, A. C., Tarney, J., Marriner, G. F., Nivia, A., and Saunders, A. D.: The Caribbean-Colombian Cretaceous Igneous Province: The Internal Anatomy of an Oceanic Plateau, Geoph. Monog. Series, 123–144, 1997.
Kerr, A. C., Tarney, J., Nivia, A., Marriner, G., and Saunders, A.: The internal structure of oceanic plateaus: inferences from obducted Cretaceous terranes in western Colombia and the Caribbean, Tectonophysics, 292, 173–188, 1998.
Kerr, A. C., White, R. V., and Saunders, A. D.: LIP reading: recognizing oceanic plateaux in the geological record, J. Petrol., 41, 1041–1056, 2000.
Kim, H. R., von Frese, R. R. B., Golynsky, A. V., Taylor, P. T., and Kim, J. W.: Crustal analysis of Maud Rise from combined satellite and near-surface magnetic survey data, Earth Planet. Space, 57, 717–726, 2005.
Kimbell, G., Ritchie, J., and Henderson, A.: Three-dimensional gravity and magnetic modelling of the Irish sector of the NE Atlantic margin, Tectonophysics, 486, 36–54, 2010.
Kimbell, G. S. and Richards, P. C.: The three-dimensional lithospheric structure of the Falkland Plateau region based on gravity modelling, J. Geol. Soc., 165, 795–806, 2008.
Kimura, G. and Ludden, J.: Peeling oceanic crust in subduction zones, Geology, 23, 217–220, 1995.
Kimura, H., Takeda, T., Obara, K., and Kasahara, K.: Seismic Evidence for Active Underplating Below the Megathrust Earthquake Zone in Japan, Science, 329, 210–214, 2010.
Klingelhoefer, F., Edwards, R., Hobbs, R., and England, R.: Crustal structure of the NE Rockall Trough from wide-angle seismic data modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003763, 2005.
Klingelhoefer, F., Lafoy, Y., Collot, J., Cosquer, E., Geli, L., Nouze, H., and Vially, R.: Crustal structure of the basin and ridge system west of New Caledonia (southwest Pacific) from wide-angle and reflection seismic data, J. Geophys. Res., 112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005093, 2007.
Kodaira, S., Mjelde, R., Gunnarsson, K., Shiobara, H., and Shimamura, H.: Structure of the Jan Mayen microcontinent and implications for its evolution, Geophys. J. Int., 132, 383–400, 1998.
Kodaira, S., Sato, T., Takahashi, N., Ito, A., Tamura, Y., Tatsumi, Y., and Kaneda, Y.: Seismological evidence for variable growth of crust along the Izu intraoceanic arc, J. Geophys. Res., 112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004593, 2007a.
Kodaira, S., Sato, T., Takahashi, N., Miura, S., Tamura, Y., and Kaneda, Y.: New seismological constraints on growth of continental crust in the Izu-Bonin intra-oceanic arc, Geology, 35, 1031–1034, 2007b.
Konig, M. and Jokat, W.: Advanced insights into magmatism and volcanism of the Mozambique Ridge and Mozambique Basin in the view of new potential field data, Geophys. J. Int, 180, 158–180, 2010.
Kono, Y., Ishikawa, M., Harigane, Y., Michibayashi, K., and Arima, M.: P- and S-wave velocities of the lowermost crustal rocks from the Kohistan arc: Implications for seismic Moho discontinuity attributed to abundant garnet, Tectonophysics, 467, 44–54, 2009.
Kopp, H., Klaeschen, D., Flueh, E. R., Bialas, J., and Reichert, C.: Crustal structure of the Java margin from seismic wide-angle and multichannel reflection data, J. Geophys. Res., 107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000095, 2002.
Kopp, H., Kopp, C., Phipps Morgan, J., Flueh, E. R., Weinrebe, W., and Morgan, W. J.: Fossil hot spot-ridge interaction in the Musicians Seamount Province: Geophysical investigations of hot spot volcanism at volcanic elongated ridges, J. Geophys. Res., 108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB002015, 2003.
Kopp, H., Flueh, E. R., Papenberg, C., and Klaeschen, D.: Seismic investigations of the O'Higgins Seamount Group and Juan Fernandez Ridge: Aseismic ridge emplacement and lithosphere hydration, Tectonics, 23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003TC001590, 2004.
Koppers, A. A. and Watts, A. B.: Intraplate Seamounts as a Window into Deep Earth Processes, Oceanography, 23, 42–57, 2010.
Lapierre, H., Ortiz, L. E., Abouchami, W., Monod, O., Coulon, C., and Zimmermann, J.-L.: A crustal section of an intra-oceanic island arc: The Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Guanajuato magmatic sequence, central Mexico, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 108, 61–77, 1992.
Larter, R., Vanneste, L. E., Morris, P., and Smythe, D. K.: Structure and tectonic evolution of the S}outh Sandwich arc, in: Intra-Oceanic Subduction Systems: Tectonic and Magmatic Processes, edited by: Larter, R. and Leat, P., {Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., Geol. Soc. London, 219, 255–284, 2003.
Leahy, G. M., Collins, J. A., Wolfe, C. J., Laske, G., and Solomon, S. C.: Underplating of the Hawaiian Swell: evidence from teleseismic receiver functions, Geophys. J. Int., 183, 313–329, 2010.
Leat, P., Smellie, J., Millar, I., and Larter, R.: Magmatism in the S}outh Sandwich arc, in: Intra-Oceanic Subduction Systems: Tectonic and Magmatic Processes, edited by: Larter, R. and Leat, P., {Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., Geol. Soc. London, 219, 285–313, 2003.
Lebedeva-Ivanova, N. N., Zamansky, Y. Y., Langinen, A. E., and Sorokin, M. Y.: Seismic profiling across the Mendeleev Ridge at 82° N: evidence of continental crust, Geophys. J. Int., 165, 527–544, 2006.
Lebedeva-Ivanova, N. N., Gee, D. G., and Sergeyev, M. B.: Chapter 26 Crustal structure of the East Siberian continental margin, Podvodnikov and Makarov basins, based on refraction seismic data (TransArctic 1989–1991), Geol. Soc. Mem., 35, 395–411, 2011.
Lizarralde, D., Holbrook, W. S., McGeary, S., Bangs, N., and Diebold, J.: Crustal construction of a volcanic arc, wide-angle seismic results from the western Alaska Peninsula, J. Geophys. Res., 107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000230, 2002.
Ludwig, W. J., Nafe, J. E., and Drake, C. L.: Seismic Refraction, in: The Sea, edited by: Maxwell, A., Wiley-Interscience, 4, 53–84, 1970.
Lundin, E. R. and Doré, A. G.: Hyperextension, serpentinization, and weakening: A new paradigm for rifted margin compressional deformation, Geology, 39, 347–350, https://doi.org/10.1130/G31499.1, 2011.
Magnani, M. B., Zelt, C. A., Levander, A., and Schmitz, M.: Crustal structure of the S}outh American–Caribbean plate boundary at 67° {W from controlled source seismic data, J. Geophys. Res., 114, 1–23, 2009.
Manatschal, G.: New models for evolution of magma-poor rifted margins based on a review of data and concepts from West Iberia and the Alps, Int. J. Earth Sci., 93, 432–466, 2004.
Mann, P. and Taira, A.: Global tectonic significance of the Solomon Islands and Ontong Java Plateau convergent zone, Tectonophysics, 389, 137–190, 2004.
Marcaillou, B., Charvis, P., and Collot, J.-Y.: Structure of the Malpelo Ridge (Colombia) from seismic and gravity modelling, Mar. Geophys. Res., 27, 289–300, 2006.
Marks, K. and Sandwell, D.: Analysis of geoid height versus topography for oceanic plateaus and swells using nonbiased linear regression, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8045–8055, 1991.
Martinod, J., Funiciello, F., Faccenna, C., Labanieh, S., and Regard, V.: Dynamical effects of subducting ridges: insights from 3-D laboratory models, Geophys. J. Int., 163, 1137–1150, 2005.
Mason, W. G., Moresi, L., Betts, P. G., and Miller, M. S.: Three-dimensional numerical models of the influence of a buoyant oceanic plateau on subduction zones, Tectonophysics, 483, 71–79, 2010.
Mauffret, A. and Leroy, S.: Seismic stratigraphy and structure of the Caribbean igneous province, Tectonophysics, 283, 61–104, 1997.
McCrory, P. A. and Wilson, D. S.: A kinematic model for the formation of the Siletz-Crescent forearc terrane by capture of coherent fragments of the Farallon and Resurrection plates, Tectonics, 32, 718–736, 2013.
Mihut, D. and Muller, R.: Volcanic margin formation and Mesozoic rift propagators in the Cuvier Abyssal Plain off Western Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 27135–27149, 1998.
Miller, D. J. and Christensen, N. I.: Seismic signature and geochemistry of an island arc: A multidisciplinary study of the Kohistan accreted terrane, northern Pakistan, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11623–11642, 1994.
Miura, R., Nakamura, Y., Koda, K., Tokuyama, H., and Coffin, M.: "Rootless" serpentinite seamount on the southern Izu-Bonin forearc: Implications for basal erosion at convergent plate margins, Geology, 32, 541–544, 2004a.
Miura, S., Suyehiro, K., Shinohara, M., Takahashi, N., Araki, E., and Taira, A.: Seismological structure and implications of collision between the Ontong Java Plateau and Solomon Island Arc from ocean bottom seismometer–airgun data, Tectonophysics, 389, 191–220, 2004b.
Mohriak, W. U., Nobrega, M., Odegard, M. E., Gomes, B. S., and Dickson, W. G.: Geological and geophysical interpretation of the Rio Grande Rise, south-eastern Brazilian margin: extensional tectonics and rifting of continental and oceanic crusts, Petrol. Geosci., 16, 231–245, 2010.
Molnar, P. and Gray, D.: Subduction of continental lithosphere: Some constraints and uncertainties, Geology, 7, 58–62, 1979.
Monger, J., Souther, J., and Gabrielse, H.: Evolution of the Canadian Cordillera: a plate tectonic model, Am. J. Sci., 272, 577–602, 1972.
Moore, J. C.: Tectonics and hydrogeology of accretionary prisms: role of the décollement zone, J. Struct. Geol., 11, 95–106, 1989.
Moore, V. M. and Wiltscko, D. V.: Syncollisional delamination and tectonic wedge development in convergent orogens, Tectonics, 23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002TC001430, 2004.
Morewood, N. C., Mackenzie, G. D., Shannon, P. M., O'Reilly, B. M., Readman, P. W., and Makris, J.: The crustal structure and regional development of the Irish Atlantic margin region, Geol. Soc. London, Petrol. Geol. Conf. series, 6, 1023–1033, 2005.
Müller, R. D., Gaina, C., Roest, W. R., and Hansen, D. L.: A recipe for microcontinent formation, Geology, 29, 203–206, 2001.
Nakamura, M. and Umedu, N.: Crustal thickness beneath the Ryukyu arc from travel-time inversion, Earth Planets Space, 61, 1191–1195, 2009.
Nakanishi, A., Kurashimo, E., Tatsumi, Y., Yamaguchi, H., Miura, S., Kodaira, S., Obana, K., Takahashi, N., Tsuru, T., Kaneda, Y., Iwasaki, T., and Hirata, N.: Crustal evolution of the southwestern Kuril Arc, Hokkaido Japan, deduced from seismic velocity and geochemical structure, Tectonophysics, 472, 105–123, 2009.
Nishizawa, A., Kaneda, K., Katagiri, Y., and Kasahara, J.: Crustal structure around the Oki-Daito Ridge in the northern West Philippine Basin, Joint Meeting for Earth and Planetary Science, 22–27 May 2005, Chiba, Japan, j078–004, 2005.
Nishizawa, A., Kaneda, K., Katagiri, Y., and Kasahara, J.: Variation in crustal structure along the K}yushu-Palau Ridge at 15–21°N on the {Philippine Sea plate based on seismic refraction profiles, Earth Planets Space, 59, 17–20, 2007.
Nur, A. and Ben-Avraham, Z.: Oceanic Plateaus, the Fragmentation of Continents, and Mountain Building, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 3644–3661, 1982.
Operto, S. and Charvis, P.: Kerguelen Plateau: A volcanic passive margin fragment?, Geology, 23, 137–140, 1995.
O'Reilly, B. M., Hauser, F., Jacob, A. B., and Shannon, P. M.: The lithosphere below the Rockall Trough: wide-angle seismic evidence for extensive serpentinisation, Tectonophysics, 255, 1–23, 1996.
Oxburgh, E.: Flake tectonics and continental collision, Nature, 239, 202–204, 1972.
Parsiegla, N., Gohl, K., and Uenzelmann-Neben, G.: The Agulhas Plateau: structure and evolution of a Large Igneous Province, Geophys. J. Int., 174, 336–350, 2008.
Patriat, M., Klingelhoefer, F., Aslanian, D., Contrucci, I., Gutscher, M.-A., Talandier, J., Avedik, F., Francheteau, J., and Weigel, W.: Deep crustal structure of the Tuamotu plateau and Tahiti (French Polynesia) based on seismic refraction data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013913, 2002.
Pearcy, L. G., DeBari, S. M., and Sleep, N. H.: Mass balance calculations for two sections of island arc crust and implications for the formation of continents, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 96, 427–442, 1990.
Peirce, C. and Barton, P.: Crustal structure of the M}adeira-Tore Rise, eastern North Atlantic-results of a DOBS wide-angle and normal incidence seismic experiment in the {Josephine Seamount region, Geophys. J. Int., 106, 357–378, 1991.
Peron-Pinvidic, G. and Manatschal, G.: From microcontinents to extensional allochthons: witnesses of how continents rift and break apart?, Petrol. Geosci., 16, 1–10, 2010.
Petterson, M., Neal, C., Mahoney, J., Kroenke, L., Saunders, A., Babbs, T., Duncan, R., Tolia, D., and McGrail, B.: Structure and deformation of north and central Malaita, Solomon Islands: tectonic implications for the Ontong Java Plateau-Solomon arc collision, and for the fate of oceanic plateaus, Tectonophysics, 183, 1–33, 1997.
Petterson, M., Babbs, T., Neal, C., Mahoney, J., Saunders, A., Duncan, R., Tolia, D., Magua, R., Qopoto, C., Mahoaa, H., and Natogga, D.: Geological–tectonic framework of S}olomon Islands, SW {Pacific: crustal accretion and growth within an intra-oceanic setting, Tectonophysics, 301, 35–60, 1999.
Petterson, M. G.: A Review of the geology and tectonics of the Kohistan island arc, north Pakistan, in: The Evolving Continents: Understanding Processes of Continental Growth, edited by: Kusky, T. M., Zhai, M.-G., and Xiao, W., Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., Geol. Soc. London, 338, 287–327, 2010.
Poselov, V. A., Kaminsky, V. D., Butsenko, V. V., Murzin, R. R., and Komaritsyn, A. A.: Experience in applying the geological criteria of Article 76 to the definition of the outer limit of the extended continental shelf of the Russian Federation in Arctic Ocean, in: The Fourth International Conference on Arctic Margins, edited by: Scott, R. A. and Thurston, D. K., 199–205, 2003.
Pubellier, M. and Meresse, F.: Phanerozoic growth of Asia: Geodynamic processes and evolution, J. Asian Earth Sci., 72, 118–128, 2013.
Pubellier, M., Bader, A. G., Rangin, C., Deffontaines, B., and Quebral, R.: Upper plate deformation induced by subduction of a volcanic arc: the Snellius Plateau (Molucca Sea, Indonesia and Mindanao, Philippines), Tectonophysics, 304, 345–368, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00300-X, 1999.
Pubellier, M., Ego, F., Chamot-Rooke, N., and Rangin, C.: The building of pericratonic mountain ranges: structural and kinematic constraints applied to GIS-based reconstructions of SE Asia, B. Soc. Geol. FR, 174, 561–584, 2003.
Pubellier, M., Monnier, C., Maury, R., and Tamayo, R.: Plate kinematics, origin and tectonic emplacement of supra-subduction ophiolites in SE Asia, Tectonophysics, 392, 9–36, 2004.
Puchtel, I., Hofmann, A., Mezger, K., Jochum, K., Shchipansky, A., and Samsonov, A.: Oceanic plateau model for continental crustal growth in the A}rchaean: A case study from the Kostomuksha greenstone belt, NW {Baltic Shield, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 155, 57–74, 1998.
Queaño, K. L., Ali, J. R., Pubellier, M., Yumul, G. P., and Dimalanta, C. B.: Reconstructing the Mesozoic-early Cenozoic evolution of northern Philippines: Clues from palaeomagnetic studies on the ophiolitic basement of the Central Cordillera, Geophys. J. Int., 178, 1317–1326, 2009.
Ramachandran, K., Hyndman, R. D., and Brocher, T. M.: Regional P–wave velocity structure of the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 111, 1–15, 2006.
Recq, M., Goslin, J., Charvis, P., and Operto, S.: Small-scale crustal variability within an intraplate structure: the Crozet Bank (southern Indian Ocean), Geophys. J. Int., 134, 145–156, 1998.
Reston, T.: Rifted Margins: Building Blocks of Later Collision, in: Arc-Continent Collision, edited by: Brown, D., Ryan, P. D., Reston, T., and Manatschal, G., Frontiers in Earth Sciences, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 3–21, 2011.
Reston, T., Pennell, J., Stubenrauch, A., Walker, I., and Perez-Gussinye, M.: Detachment faulting, mantle serpentinization, and serpentinite-mud volcanism beneath the Porcupine Basin, southwest of Ireland, Geology, 29, 587–590, 2001.
Reyners, M., Eberhart-Phillips, D., Stuart, G., and Nishimura, Y.: Imaging subduction from the trench to 300 km depth beneath the central North Island, New Zealand, with Vp and Vp/Vs, Geophys. J. Int., 165, 565–583, 2006.
Richards, M. A., Duncan, R. A., and Courtillot, V. E.: Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails, Science, 246, 103–107, 1989.
Richardson, K. R., White, R. S., England, R. W., and Fruehn, J.: Crustal structure east of the Faroe Islands; mapping sub-basalt sediments using wide-angle seismic data, Petrol. Geosci., 5, https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo.5.2.161, 1999.
Ridley, V. A. and Richards, M. A.: Deep crustal structure beneath large igneous provinces and the petrologic evolution of flood basalts, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002935, 2010.
Rioux, M., Hacker, B., Mattinson, J., Kelemen, P. B., Blusztajn, J., and Gehrels, G. E.: Magmatic development of an intra-oceanic arc: High-precision U-Pb zircon and whole-rock isotopic analyses from the accreted Talkeetna arc, south-central Alaska, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 119, 1168–1184, 2007.
Rioux, M., Mattinson, J., Hacker, B., Kelemen, P., Blusztajn, J., Hanghoj, K., and Gehrels, G.: Intermediate to felsic middle crust in the accreted Talkeetna arc, the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island, Alaska: An analogue for low-velocity middle crust in modern arcs, Tectonics, 29, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009TC002541, 2010.
Sager, W. W.: What built Shatsky Rise, a mantle plume or ridge tectonics?, in: Plates, plumes, and paradigms, edited by: Foulger, G., Natland, J., Presnall, D., and Anderson, D., Geol. Soc. A. SP., Geol. Soc. Am., 388, 721–733, 2005.
Sallares, V., Charvis, P., Flueh, E. R., and Bialas, J.: Seismic structure of Cocos and Malpelo Volcanic Ridges and implications for hot spot-ridge interaction, J. Geophys. Res., 108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002431, 2003.
Sallares, V. S., Charvis, P., Flueh, E. R., Bialas, J., and the SALIERI Scientific Party: Seismic structure of the Carnegie ridge and the nature of the Galapagos hotspot, Geophys. J. Int., 161, 763–788, 2005.
Sandwell, D. T. and Fialko, Y.: Warping and cracking of the Pacific plate by thermal contraction, J. Geophys. Res., 109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003091, 2004.
Sandwell, D. T. and MacKenzie, K. R.: Geoid Height Versus Topography for Oceanic Plateaus and Swells, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 7403–7418, 1989.
Sapin, F., Pubellier, M., Lahfid, A., Janots, D., Aubourg, C., and Ringenbach, J.-C.: Onshore record of the subduction of a crustal salient: example of the NW Borneo Wedge, Terra Nova, 23, 232–240, 2011.
Savva, D., Meresse, F., Pubellier, M., Chamot-Rooke, N., Lavier, L., Po, K. W., Franke, D., Steuer, S., Sapin, F., Auxietre, J., and Lamy, G.: Seismic evidence of hyper-stretched crust and mantle exhumation offshore Vietnam, Tectonophysics, 608, 72–83, 2013.
Schellart, W. P., Lister, G. S., and Toy, V. G.: A Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic reconstruction of the Southwest Pacific region: Tectonics controlled by subduction and slab rollback processes, Earth Sci. Rev., 76, 191–233, 2006.
Scherwath, M., Kopp, H., Flueh, E., Henrys, S., Sutherland, R., Stagpoole, V., Barker, D., Reyners, M., Bassett, D., Planert, L., and Dannowski, A.: Fore-arc deformation and underplating at the northern Hikurangi margin, New Zealand, J. Geophys. Res., 115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006645, 2010.
Schmandt, B. and Humphreys, E.: Seismically imaged relict slab from the 55 Ma Siletzia accretion to the northwest United States, Geology, 39, 175–178, 2011.
Scholl, D. W. and von Huene, R.: Subduction zone recycling processes and the rock record of crustal suture zones, Can. J. Earth Sci., 47, 633–654, 2010.
Schubert, G. and Sandwell, D.: Crustal volumes of the continents and of oceanic and continental submarine plateaus, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 92, 234–246, 1989.
Scotchman, I., Gilchrist, G., Kusznir, N., Roberts, A., and Fletcher, R.: The breakup of the South Atlantic Ocean: formation of failed spreading axes and blocks of thinned continental crust in the Santos Basin, Brazil and its consequences for petroleum system development, Geol. Soc. London, Petrol. Geol. Conf. series, 7, 855–866, 2010.
Sdrolias, M. and Müller, R. D.: Controls on back-arc basin formation, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q04016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001090, 2006.
Searle, M. P., Khan, M. A., Fraser, J. E., Gough, S. J., and Jan, M. Q.: The tectonic evolution of the Kohistan-Karakoram collision belt along the Karakoram Highway transect, north Pakistan, Tectonics, 18, 929–949, 1999.
Sengor, A. M. C.: Mid-Mesozoic closure of Permo-Triassic Tethys and its implications, Nature, 279, 590–593, 1979.
Seno, T.: Conditions for a crustal block to be sheared off from the subducted continental lithosphere: What is an essential factor to cause features associated with collision?, J. Geophys. Res., 113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005038, 2008.
Sevilla, W. I., Ammon, C. J., Voight, B., and Angelis, S. D.: Crustal structure beneath the Montserrat region of the Lesser Antilles island arc, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GC003048, 2010.
Shillington, D. J., Avendonk, H. J. A. V., Holbrook, W. S., Kelemen, P. B., and Hornbach, M. J.: Composition and structure of the central Aleutian island arc from arc-parallel wide-angle seismic data, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000715, 2004.
Shor, G., Kirk, H., and Menard, H.: Crustal structure of Melanesian Area, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 2562–2586, 1971.
Shulgin, A., Kopp, H., Mueller, C., Lueschen, E., Planert, L., Engels, M., Flueh, E. R., Krabbenhoeft, A., and Djajadihardja, Y.: Sunda-Banda arc transition: Incipient continent-island arc collision (northwest Australia), GRL, 36, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037533, 2009.
Shulgin, A., Kopp, H., Mueller, C., Planert, L., Lueschen, E., Flueh, E. R., and Djajadihardja, Y.: Structural architecture of oceanic plateau subduction offshore Eastern Java and the potential implications for geohazards, Geophys. J. Int., 184, 12–28, 2011.
Sinha, M. C., Louden, K. E., and Parsons, B.: The crustal structure of the Madagascar Ridge, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 66, 351–377, 1981.
Snoke, A. and Barnes, C.: The development of tectonic concepts for the Klamath Mountains province, California and Oregon, in: Geological studies in the Klamath Mountains province, California and Oregon: A volume in honor of William P. Irwin, edited by: Snoke, A. and Barnes, C., Geol. Soc. A. SP., Geol. Soc. Am., 410, 1–29, 2006.
Snyder, D. B.: Lithospheric growth at margins of cratons, Tectonophysics, 355, 7–22, 2002.
Snyder, D. B., Pilkington, M., Clowes, R. M., and Cook, F. A.: The underestimated Proterozoic component of the Canadian Cordillera accretionary margin, in: Earth Accretionary Systems in Space and Time, edited by: Cawood, P. and Kroner, A., Geol. Soc. London Spec. Pub., 318, 257–271, 2009.
Stern, R. J. and Scholl, D. W.: Yin and yang of continental crust creation and destruction by plate tectonic processes, Int. Geol. Rev., 52, 1–31, 2010.
Stern, R. J., Fouch, M. J., and Klemperer, S. L.: An overview of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction factory, Geoph. Monog. Series, 138, 175–222, 2003.
Sutherland, R., Collot, J., Lafoy, Y., Logan, G. A., Hackney, R., Stagpoole, V., Uruski, C., Hashimoto, T., Higgins, K., Herzer, R. H., Wood, R., Mortimer, N., and Rollet, N.: Lithosphere delamination with foundering of lower crust and mantle caused permanent subsidence of New Caledonia Trough and transient uplift of Lord Howe Rise during Eocene and Oligocene initiation of Tonga-Kermadec subduction, western Pacific, Tectonics, 29, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009TC002476, 2010.
Takahashi, N., Kodaira, S., Klemperer, S. L., Tatsumi, Y., Kaneda, Y., and Suyehiro, K.: Crustal structure and evolution of the Mariana intra-oceanic island arc, Geology, 35, 203–206, 2007.
Takahashi, N., Kodaira, S., Tatsumi, Y., Kaneda, Y., and Suyehiro, K.: Structure and growth of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc crust: 1. Seismic constraint on crust and mantle structure of the Mariana arc–back-arc system, J. Geophys. Res., 113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005120, 2008.
Takahashi, N., Kodaira, S., Tatsumi, Y., Yamashita, M., Sato, T., Kaiho, Y., Miura, S., No, T., Takizawa, K., and Kaneda, Y.: Structural variations of arc crusts and rifted margins in the southern Izu-Ogasawara arc–back arc system, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002146, 2009.
Tatsumi, Y., Kani, T., Ishizuka, H., Maruyama, S., and Nishimura, Y.: Activation of Pacific mantle plumes during the Carboniferous: Evidence from accretionary complexes in southwest Japan, Geology, 28, 580–582, 2000.
Tatsumi, Y., Shukuno, H., Tani, K., Takahashi, N., Kodaira, S., and Kogiso, T.: Structure and growth of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc crust: 2. Role of crust-mantle transformation and the transparent Moho in arc crust evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005121, 2008.
Taylor, B.: The single largest oceanic plateau: Ontong Java–Manihiki–Hikurangi, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 241, 372–380, 2006.
Tetreault, J. L. and Buiter, S. J. H.: Geodynamic models of terrane accretion: Testing the fate of island arcs, oceanic plateaus, and continental fragments in subduction zones, J. Geophys. Res., 117, B08403, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009316, 2012.
van der Velden, A. J. and Cook, F. A.: Relict subduction zones in Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003333, 2005.
van Hunen, J., van den Berg, A. P., and Vlaar, N. J.: On the role of subducting oceanic plateaus in the development of shallow flat subduction, Tectonophysics, 352, 317–333, 2002.
van Staal, C. R., Rogers, N., and Taylor, B. E.: Formation of low-temperature mylonites and phyllonites by alkali-metasomatic weakening of felsic volcanic rocks during progressive, subduction-related deformation, J. Struct. Geol., 23, 903–921, 2001.
Vink, G. E., Morgan, W. J., and Zhao, W.-L.: Preferential Rifting of Continents: A Source of Displaced Terranes, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 10072–10076, 1984.
Viso, R. F., Larson, R. L., and Pockalny, R. A.: Tectonic evolution of the Pacific-Phoenix-Farallon triple junction in the South Pacific Ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 233, 179–194, 2005.
Vogt, U., Makris, J., O'Reilly, B. M., Hauser, F., Readman, P. W., Jacob, A. W. B., and Shannon, P. M.: The Hatton Basin and continental margin: Crustal structure from wide-angle seismic and gravity data, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 12545–12566, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB00604, 1998.
Wakita, K. and Metcalfe, I.: Ocean Plate Stratigraphy in East and Southeast Asia, J. Asian Earth Sci., 24, 679–702, 2005.
Wakita, K., Pubellier, M., and Windley, B. F.: Tectonic processes, from rifting to collision via subduction, in SE Asia and the western P}acific: A key to understanding the architecture of the {Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Lithosphere, 5, 265–276, 2013.
Waldron, J. W. F. and van Staal, C. R.: Taconian orogeny and the accretion of the Dashwoods block: A peri-Laurentian microcontinent in the Iapetus Ocean, Geology, 29, 811–814, 2001.
Walther, C. H.: The crustal structure of the Cocos ridge off Costa Rica, J. Geophys. Res., 108, B3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000888, 2003.
Watts, A. B., Koppers, A. A., and Robinson, D. P.: Seamount subduction and earthquakes, Oceanography, 23, 166–173, 2010.
Weigel, W. and Grevemeyer, I.: The Great Meteor seamount: seismic structure of a submerged intraplate volcano, J. Geodyn., 28, 27–40, 1999.
Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F.: Free software helps map and display data, Eos Trans. AGU, 72, 441–446, 1991.
Wessel, P., Sandwell, D. T., and Kim, S.-S.: The Global Seamount Census, Oceanography, 23, 24–33, 2010.
White, R., Tarney, J., Kerr, A., Saunders, A., Kempton, P., Pringle, M., and Klaver, G.: Modification of an oceanic plateau, Aruba, Dutch Caribbean: Implications for the generation of continental crust, Lithos, 46, 43–68, 1998.
White, R. S. and Smith, L. K.: Crustal structure of the Hatton and the conjugate east Greenland rifted volcanic continental margins, NE Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005856, 2009.
Whitmarsh, R., Langford, J., Buckley, J., Bailey, R., and Blundell, D.: The crustal structure beneath Porcupine Ridge as determined by explosion seismology, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 22, 197–204, 1974.
Windley, B. F., Alexeiev, D., Xiao, W., Kröner, A., and Badarch, G.: Tectonic models for accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, J. Geol. Soc. London, 164, 31–47, 2007.
Woods, M. T. and Okal, E. A.: The structure of the Nazca ridge and Sala y Gomez seamount chain from the dispersion of Rayleigh waves, Geophys. J. Int., 117, 205–222, 1994.
Wright, J. E. and Wyld, S. J.: The Rattlesnake Creek terrane, Klamath Mountains, California: An early Mesozoic volcanic arc and its basement of tectonically disrupted oceanic crust, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 106, 1033–1056, 1994.
Yumul, G. P., Dimalanta, C. B., III, T. A. T., and Ramos, E. G.: Baguio Mineral District: An oceanic arc witness to the geological evolution of northern Luzon, Philippines, Island Arc, 17, 432–442, 2008.
Yumul, G. P., Dimalanta, C. B., Marquez, E. J., and Queaño, K. L.: Onland signatures of the Palawan microcontinental block and Philippine mobile belt collision and crustal growth process: A review, J. Asian Earth Sci., 34, 610–623, 2009.
Zagorevski, A., Lissenberg, C., and van Staal, C.: Dynamics of accretion of arc and backarc crust to continental margins: Inferences from the Annieopsquotch accretionary tract, Newfoundland Appalachians, Tectonophysics, 479, 150–164, 2009.
Zalán, P. V., do Carmo G. Severino, M., Rigoti, C. A., Magnavita, L. P., Oliveira, J. A. B., and Viana, A. R.: An Entirely New 3D-View of the Crustal and Mantle Structure of a South Atlantic Passive Margin – Santos, Campos and Espírito Santo Basins, Brazil, in: AAPG Search and Discovery Article, 30177, 1–12, 2011.
Short summary
Continents are composed of a collage of accreted terranes: tectonically sutured crustal units of various origins. This review covers the cycle of terrane accretion from the original entity (modern-day oceanic island arcs, oceanic plateaus, submarine ridges, seamounts, continental fragments, and microcontinents) to present-day examples of terrane accretion to finally allochthonous accreted terranes.
Continents are composed of a collage of accreted terranes: tectonically sutured crustal units of...
