Articles | Volume 8, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-319-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-319-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Mar 2017
Research article |
| 23 Mar 2017
Active faulting, 3-D geological architecture and Plio-Quaternary structural evolution of extensional basins in the central Apennine chain, Italy
Stefano Gori
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Via di Vigna
Murata 605, 00143, Italy
Emanuela Falcucci
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Via di Vigna
Murata 605, 00143, Italy
Chiara Ladina
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Via di Vigna
Murata 605, 00143, Italy
Simone Marzorati
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Via di Vigna
Murata 605, 00143, Italy
Fabrizio Galadini
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Via di Vigna
Murata 605, 00143, Italy
Related authors
Irene Puliti, Alberto Pizzi, Stefano Gori, Emanuela Falcucci, Fabrizio Galadini, Marco Moro, and Michele Saroli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2399, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2399, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a paleoseismological study on the Mt. Morrone active fault, which constitutes one of the most problematic structures of the central Apennines in terms of large-earthquake probability. Information on historical seismicity is relatively few and the paleoseismological record is limited only to the northern portion of the fault. We investigated four trenches and we recovered the occurrence of three events over the last 5–6 kyrs, suggesting an average recurrence interval of 1800 years.
Irene Puliti, Alberto Pizzi, Stefano Gori, Emanuela Falcucci, Fabrizio Galadini, Marco Moro, and Michele Saroli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2399, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2399, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a paleoseismological study on the Mt. Morrone active fault, which constitutes one of the most problematic structures of the central Apennines in terms of large-earthquake probability. Information on historical seismicity is relatively few and the paleoseismological record is limited only to the northern portion of the fault. We investigated four trenches and we recovered the occurrence of three events over the last 5–6 kyrs, suggesting an average recurrence interval of 1800 years.
Daniela Famiani, Fabrizio Cara, Giuseppe Di Giulio, Giovanna Cultrera, Francesca Pacor, Sara Lovati, Gaetano Riccio, Maurizio Vassallo, Giulio Brunelli, Antonio Costanzo, Antonella Bobbio, Marta Pischiutta, Rodolfo Puglia, Marco Massa, Rocco Cogliano, Salomon Hailemikael, Alessia Mercuri, Giuliano Milana, Luca Minarelli, Alessandro Di Filippo, Lucia Nardone, Simone Marzorati, Chiara Ladina, Debora Pantaleo, Carlo Calamita, Maria Grazia Ciaccio, Antonio Fodarella, Stefania Pucillo, Giuliana Mele, Carla Bottari, Gaetano De Luca, Luigi Falco, Antonino Memmolo, Giulia Sgattoni, and Gabriele Tarabusi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-162, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-162, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes data and preliminary analyses made by the INGV emergency task force EMERSITO, devoted to site effects and seismic microzonation studies, following the November 9th, 2022, MW 5.5 earthquake (Adriatic sea, Italy). Considering the earthquake affected area, EMERSITO deployed a temporary seismic network of 11 stations (net code 6N) sampling different geological units in the urban area of Ancona, the regional capital of Marche, and operated from November 2022 to February 2023.
Lauro Chiaraluce, Richard Bennett, David Mencin, Wade Johnson, Massimiliano Rinaldo Barchi, Marco Bohnhoff, Paola Baccheschi, Antonio Caracausi, Carlo Calamita, Adriano Cavaliere, Adriano Gualandi, Eugenio Mandler, Maria Teresa Mariucci, Leonardo Martelli, Simone Marzorati, Paola Montone, Debora Pantaleo, Stefano Pucci, Enrico Serpelloni, Mariano Supino, Salvatore Stramondo, Catherine Hanagan, Liz Van Boskirk, Mike Gottlieb, Glen Mattioli, Marco Urbani, Francesco Mirabella, Assel Akimbekova, Simona Pierdominici, Thomas Wiersberg, Chris Marone, Luca Palmieri, and Luca Schenato
Sci. Dril., 33, 173–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-173-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-173-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We built six observatory stations in central Italy to monitor a fault potentially capable of generating a strong earthquake. Each site has 80–160 m deep wells equipped with strainmeters and seismometers. At the surface, we placed GNSS antennas and seismic and meteorological sensors. All data, which are open access for the scientific community, will help us to better understand the complex physical and chemical processes that lead to the generation of the full range of slow and fast earthquakes.
Emanuela Falcucci, Maria Eliana Poli, Fabrizio Galadini, Giancarlo Scardia, Giovanni Paiero, and Adriano Zanferrari
Solid Earth, 9, 911–922, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-911-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-911-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We first investigated the recent activity of a major active fault system, probably responsible for the 1511 earthquake, one of the most destructive seismic events of the eastern Alps and of continental Europe over the past millennium.
Paolo Boncio, Giuliano Milana, Fabrizio Cara, Giuseppe Di Giulio, Deborah Di Naccio, Daniela Famiani, Francesca Liberi, Fabrizio Galadini, Gianluigi Rosatelli, and Maurizio Vassallo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2016-313, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2016-313, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The paper discusses geological aspects, methodological procedures of seismic microzonation and the implications on seismic site response of an urbanized area in a geologic environment of deep continental basin (the Avezzano town in the Fucino continental basin of central Apennines, Italy). The paper is of potential interest for the geological community and also for non-geologist scientists/technicians/decision makers working in the field of earthquake hazard.
Related subject area
Tectonics
On the role of trans-lithospheric faults in the long-term seismotectonic segmentation of active margins: a case study in the Andes
Along-strike variation in volcanic addition controlling post-breakup sedimentary infill: Pelotas margin, austral South Atlantic
Stress state at faults: the influence of rock stiffness contrast, stress orientation, and ratio
(D)rifting in the 21st century: key processes, natural hazards, and geo-resources
Interseismic and long-term deformation of southeastern Sicily driven by the Ionian slab roll-back
Rift and plume: a discussion on active and passive rifting mechanisms in the Afro-Arabian rift based on synthesis of geophysical data
Propagating rifts: the roles of crustal damage and ascending mantle fluids
Magma-poor continent–ocean transition zones of the southern North Atlantic: a wide-angle seismic synthesis of a new frontier
Cretaceous–Paleocene extension at the southwestern continental margin of India and opening of the Laccadive basin: constraints from geophysical data
Importance of basement faulting and salt decoupling for the structural evolution of the Fars Arc, Zagros fold-and-thrust belt: A numerical modeling approach
The influence of vertical lithological contrasts on strike-slip fault behavior: Insights from analogue models
Extensional exhumation of cratons: insights from the Early Cretaceous Rio Negro–Juruena belt (Amazonian Craton, Colombia)
Hydrogen solubility of stishovite provides insights into water transportation to the deep Earth
Modelling transient thermal processes in the lithosphere: application to the NW Pannonian basin
Networks of geometrically coherent faults accommodate Alpine tectonic inversion offshore southwestern Iberia
Oblique rifting triggered by slab tearing: the case of the Alboran rifted margin in the eastern Betics
Melt-enhanced strain localization and phase mixing in a large-scale mantle shear zone (Ronda peridotite, Spain)
Selective inversion of rift basins in lithospheric-scale analogue experiments
The link between Somalian Plate rotation and the East African Rift System: an analogue modelling study
Inversion of extensional basins parallel and oblique to their boundaries: inferences from analogue models and field observations from the Dolomites Indenter, European eastern Southern Alps
Magnetic fabric analyses of basin inversion: a sandbox modelling approach
Tectonic interactions during rift linkage: insights from analog and numerical experiments
The influence of crustal strength on rift geometry and development – insights from 3D numerical modelling
Construction of the Ukrainian Carpathian wedge from low-temperature thermochronology and tectono-stratigraphic analysis
Analogue modelling of basin inversion: a review and future perspectives
Insights into the interaction of a shale with CO2
Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Slyne Basin
Assessing the role of thermal disequilibrium in the evolution of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary: an idealized model of heat exchange during channelized melt transport
Control of crustal strength, tectonic inheritance, and stretching/ shortening rates on crustal deformation and basin reactivation: insights from laboratory models
Numerical simulation of contemporary kinematics at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its implications for seismic hazard assessment
Late Cretaceous–early Palaeogene inversion-related tectonic structures at the northeastern margin of the Bohemian Massif (southwestern Poland and northern Czechia)
A tectonic-rules-based mantle reference frame since 1 billion years ago – implications for supercontinent cycles and plate–mantle system evolution
An efficient partial-differential-equation-based method to compute pressure boundary conditions in regional geodynamic models
The analysis of slip tendency of major tectonic faults in Germany
Earthquake ruptures and topography of the Chilean margin controlled by plate interface deformation
Together but separate: decoupled Variscan (late Carboniferous) and Alpine (Late Cretaceous–Paleogene) inversion tectonics in NW Poland
Late Quaternary faulting in the southern Matese (Italy): implications for earthquake potential and slip rate variability in the southern Apennines
The topographic signature of temperature-controlled rheological transitions in an accretionary prism
Rare earth elements associated with carbonatite–alkaline complexes in western Rajasthan, India: exploration targeting at regional scale
Exhumation and erosion of the Northern Apennines, Italy: new insights from low-temperature thermochronometers
Structural complexities and tectonic barriers controlling recent seismic activity in the Pollino area (Calabria–Lucania, southern Italy) – constraints from stress inversion and 3D fault model building
The Mid Atlantic Appalachian Orogen Traverse: a comparison of virtual and on-location field-based capstone experiences
Chronology of thrust propagation from an updated tectono-sedimentary framework of the Miocene molasse (western Alps)
Orogenic lithosphere and slabs in the greater Alpine area – interpretations based on teleseismic P-wave tomography
Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy
U–Pb dating of middle Eocene–Pliocene multiple tectonic pulses in the Alpine foreland
Detrital zircon provenance record of the Zagros mountain building from the Neotethys obduction to the Arabia–Eurasia collision, NW Zagros fold–thrust belt, Kurdistan region of Iraq
The Subhercynian Basin: an example of an intraplate foreland basin due to a broken plate
Late to post-Variscan basement segmentation and differential exhumation along the SW Bohemian Massif, central Europe
Holocene surface-rupturing earthquakes on the Dinaric Fault System, western Slovenia
Gonzalo Yanez C., Jose Piquer R., and Orlando Rivera H.
Solid Earth, 15, 1319–1342, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1319-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1319-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We postulate that the observed spatial distribution of large earthquakes in active convergence zones, organised in segments where large events are repeated every 100–300 years, depends on large-scale continental faults and fluid release from the subducting slab. In order to support this model, we use proxies at different spatial and temporal scales (historic seismicity, megathrust slip solutions, inter-seismic cumulative seismicity, GPS/viscous plate coupling, and coastline morphology).
Marlise C. Cassel, Nick Kusznir, Gianreto Manatschal, and Daniel Sauter
Solid Earth, 15, 1265–1279, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the along-strike variation in volcanics on the Pelotas segment of the Brazilian margin created during continental breakup and formation of the southern South Atlantic. We show that the volume of volcanics strongly controls the amount of space available for post-breakup sedimentation. We also show that breakup varies along-strike from very magma-rich to magma-normal within a relatively short distance of less than 300 km. This is not as expected from a simple mantle plume model.
Moritz O. Ziegler, Robin Seithel, Thomas Niederhuber, Oliver Heidbach, Thomas Kohl, Birgit Müller, Mojtaba Rajabi, Karsten Reiter, and Luisa Röckel
Solid Earth, 15, 1047–1063, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The rotation of the principal stress axes in a fault structure because of a rock stiffness contrast has been investigated for the impact of the ratio of principal stresses, the angle between principal stress axes and fault strike, and the ratio of the rock stiffness contrast. A generic 2D geomechanical model is employed for the systematic investigation of the parameter space.
Frank Zwaan, Tiago M. Alves, Patricia Cadenas, Mohamed Gouiza, Jordan J. J. Phethean, Sascha Brune, and Anne C. Glerum
Solid Earth, 15, 989–1028, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-989-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-989-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rifting and the break-up of continents are key aspects of Earth’s plate tectonic system. A thorough understanding of the geological processes involved in rifting, and of the associated natural hazards and resources, is of great importance in the context of the energy transition. Here, we provide a coherent overview of rift processes and the links with hazards and resources, and we assess future challenges and opportunities for (collaboration between) researchers, government, and industry.
Amélie Viger, Stéphane Dominguez, Stéphane Mazzotti, Michel Peyret, Maxime Henriquet, Giovanni Barreca, Carmelo Monaco, and Adrien Damon
Solid Earth, 15, 965–988, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-965-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-965-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
New satellite geodetic data (PS-InSAR) evidence a generalized subsidence and an eastward tilting of southeastern Sicily combined with a local relative uplift along its eastern coast. We perform flexural and elastic modeling and show that the slab pull force induced by the Ionian slab roll-back and extrado deformation reproduce the measured surface deformation. Finally, we propose an original seismic cycle model that is mainly driven by the southward migration of the Ionian slab roll-back.
Ran Issachar, Peter Haas, Nico Augustin, and Jörg Ebbing
Solid Earth, 15, 807–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-807-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-807-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this contribution, we explore the causal relationship between the arrival of the Afar plume and the initiation of the Afro-Arabian rift. We mapped the rift architecture in the triple-junction region using geophysical data and reviewed the available geological data. We interpret a progressive development of the plume–rift system and suggest an interaction between active and passive mechanisms in which the plume provided a push force that changed the kinematics of the associated plates.
Folarin Kolawole and Rasheed Ajala
Solid Earth, 15, 747–762, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the upper-crustal structure of the Rukwa–Tanganyika rift zone in East Africa, where the Tanganyika rift interacts with the Rukwa and Mweru-Wantipa rifts, coinciding with abundant seismicity at the rift tips. Seismic velocity structure and patterns of seismicity clustering reveal zones around 10 km deep with anomalously high Vp / Vs ratios at the rift tips, indicative of a localized mechanically weakened crust caused by mantle volatiles and damage associated with bending strain.
J. Kim Welford
Solid Earth, 15, 683–710, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
I present a synthesis of the continent–ocean boundaries of the southern North Atlantic Ocean, as probed using seismic methods for rock velocity estimation, to assess their deep structures from the crust to the upper mantle and to discuss how they were formed. With this knowledge, it is possible to start evaluating these regions of the Earth for their capacity to produce hydrogen and critical minerals and to store excess carbon dioxide, all with the goal of greening our economy.
Mathews George Gilbert, Parakkal Unnikrishnan, and Munukutla Radhakrishna
Solid Earth, 15, 671–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-671-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-671-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study identifies evidence for extension south of Tellicherry Arch along the southwestern continental margin of India through the integrated analysis of multichannel seismic and gravity data. The sediment deposition pattern indicates that this extension occurred after the Eocene. We further propose that the anticlockwise rotation of India and the passage of the Réunion plume have facilitated the opening of the Laccadive basin.
Fatemeh Gomar, Jonas Bruno Ruh, Mahdi Najafi, and Farhad Sobouti
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1123, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigates the structural evolution of the Fars Arc in the Zagros Mountain by numerical modeling. We focus on the effects of the interaction between basement faults and salt décollement levels during tectonic inversion, including a rifting and a convergence phase. In conclusion, our results emphasize the importance of considering fault geometry, salt rheology, and basement involvement in understanding the resistance to deformation and seismic behavior of fold-thrust belts.
Sandra González-Muñoz, Guido Schreurs, Timothy Schmid, and Fidel Martín-González
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-852, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-852, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the influence of vertical rheological contrasts on the nucleation and behavior of strike-slip faults, using analogue modelling. The introduction of rheological contrasts was achieved using quartz sand and microbeads grains. The study shows how the strike, type and evolution of the faults strongly depend on the characteristic of the lithology and its contact orientation. The results are comparable with the fault systems observed in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula.
Ana Fonseca, Simon Nachtergaele, Amed Bonilla, Stijn Dewaele, and Johan De Grave
Solid Earth, 15, 329–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-329-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-329-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the erosion and exhumation processes and history of early continental crust hidden within the Amazonian Rainforest. This crust forms part of the Amazonian Craton, an ancient continental fragment. Our surprising findings reveal the area underwent rapid early Cretaceous exhumation triggered by tectonic forces. This discovery challenges the traditional perception that cratons are stable and long-lived entities and shows they can deform readily under specific geological contexts.
Mengdan Chen, Changxin Yin, Danling Chen, Long Tian, Liang Liu, and Lei Kang
Solid Earth, 15, 215–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-215-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-215-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Stishovite remains stable under mantle conditions and can incorporate various amounts of water in its crystal structure. We provide a systematic review of previous studies on water in stishovite and propose a new model for water solubility of Al-bearing stishovite. Calculation results based on this model suggest that stishovite may effectively accommodate water from the breakdown of hydrous minerals and could make an important contribution to water enrichment in the mantle transition zone.
Eszter Békési, Jan-Diederik van Wees, Kristóf Porkoláb, Mátyás Hencz, and Márta Berkesi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-308, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-308, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a workflow to model the temperature distribution within the lithosphere of sedimentary basins and apply it to NW Hungary. The model can reproduce the thermal evolution through basin formation, making use of temperature measurements from wells. Models provide key input to constrain geodynamic processes and geo-energy resource potential.
Tiago M. Alves
Solid Earth, 15, 39–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-39-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-39-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine tectonic inversion is reviewed for southwestern Iberia, known for its historical earthquakes and tsunamis. High-quality 2D seismic data image 26 faults mapped to a depth exceeding 10 km. Normal faults accommodated important vertical uplift and shortening. They are 100–250 km long and may generate earthquakes with Mw > 8.0. Regions of Late Mesozoic magmatism comprise thickened, harder crust, forming lateral buttresses to compression and promoting the development of fold-and-thrust belts.
Marine Larrey, Frédéric Mouthereau, Damien Do Couto, Emmanuel Masini, Anthony Jourdon, Sylvain Calassou, and Véronique Miegebielle
Solid Earth, 14, 1221–1244, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Extension leading to the formation of ocean–continental transition can be highly oblique to the main direction of crustal thinning. Here we explore the case of a continental margin exposed in the Betics that developed in a back-arc setting perpendicular to the direction of the retreating Gibraltar subduction. We show that transtension is the main mode of crustal deformation that led to the development of metamorphic domes and extensional intramontane basins.
Sören Tholen, Jolien Linckens, and Gernold Zulauf
Solid Earth, 14, 1123–1154, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Intense phase mixing with homogeneously distributed secondary phases and irregular grain boundaries and shapes indicates that metasomatism formed the microstructures predominant in the shear zone of the NW Ronda peridotite. Amphibole presence, olivine crystal orientations, and the consistency to the Beni Bousera peridotite (Morocco) point to OH-bearing metasomatism by small fractions of evolved melts. Results confirm a strong link between reactions and localized deformation in the upper mantle.
Anindita Samsu, Weronika Gorczyk, Timothy Chris Schmid, Peter Graham Betts, Alexander Ramsay Cruden, Eleanor Morton, and Fatemeh Amirpoorsaeed
Solid Earth, 14, 909–936, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
When a continent is pulled apart, it breaks and forms a series of depressions called rift basins. These basins lie above weakened crust that is then subject to intense deformation during subsequent tectonic compression. Our analogue experiments show that when a system of basins is squeezed in a direction perpendicular to the main trend of the basins, some basins rise up to form mountains while others do not.
Frank Zwaan and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 14, 823–845, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The East African Rift System (EARS) is a major plate tectonic feature splitting the African continent apart. Understanding the tectonic processes involved is of great importance for societal and economic reasons (natural hazards, resources). Laboratory experiments allow us to simulate these large-scale processes, highlighting the links between rotational plate motion and the overall development of the EARS. These insights are relevant when studying other rift systems around the globe as well.
Anna-Katharina Sieberer, Ernst Willingshofer, Thomas Klotz, Hugo Ortner, and Hannah Pomella
Solid Earth, 14, 647–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through analogue models and field observations, we investigate how inherited platform–basin geometries control strain localisation, style, and orientation of reactivated and new structures during inversion. Our study shows that the style of evolving thrusts and their changes along-strike are controlled by pre-existing rheological discontinuities. The results of this study are relevant for understanding inversion structures in general and for the European eastern Southern Alps in particular.
Thorben Schöfisch, Hemin Koyi, and Bjarne Almqvist
Solid Earth, 14, 447–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A magnetic fabric analysis provides information about the reorientation of magnetic grains and is applied to three sandbox models that simulate different stages of basin inversion. The analysed magnetic fabrics reflect the different developed structures and provide insights into the different deformed stages of basin inversion. It is a first attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses to basin inversion sandbox models but shows the possibility of applying it to such models.
Timothy Chris Schmid, Sascha Brune, Anne Glerum, and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 14, 389–407, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-389-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-389-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Continental rifts form by linkage of individual rift segments and disturb the regional stress field. We use analog and numerical models of such rift segment interactions to investigate the linkage of deformation and stresses and subsequent stress deflections from the regional stress pattern. This local stress re-orientation eventually causes rift deflection when multiple rift segments compete for linkage with opposingly propagating segments and may explain rift deflection as observed in nature.
Thomas B. Phillips, John B. Naliboff, Ken J. W. McCaffrey, Sophie Pan, Jeroen van Hunen, and Malte Froemchen
Solid Earth, 14, 369–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Continental crust comprises bodies of varying strength, formed through numerous tectonic events. When subject to extension, these areas produce distinct rift and fault systems. We use 3D models to examine how rifts form above
strongand
weakareas of crust. We find that faults become more developed in weak areas. Faults are initially stopped at the boundaries with stronger areas before eventually breaking through. We relate our model observations to rift systems globally.
Marion Roger, Arjan de Leeuw, Peter van der Beek, Laurent Husson, Edward R. Sobel, Johannes Glodny, and Matthias Bernet
Solid Earth, 14, 153–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study the construction of the Ukrainian Carpathians with LT thermochronology (AFT, AHe, and ZHe) and stratigraphic analysis. QTQt thermal models are combined with burial diagrams to retrieve the timing and magnitude of sedimentary burial, tectonic burial, and subsequent exhumation of the wedge's nappes from 34 to ∼12 Ma. Out-of-sequence thrusting and sediment recycling during wedge building are also identified. This elucidates the evolution of a typical wedge in a roll-back subduction zone.
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, Oriol Ferrer, Riccardo Reitano, Michael Rudolf, and Ernst Willingshofer
Solid Earth, 13, 1859–1905, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional tectonic forces after its formation, it may be inverted. A thorough understanding of such
basin inversionis of great importance for scientific, societal, and economic reasons, and analogue tectonic models form a key part of our efforts to study these processes. We review the advances in the field of basin inversion modelling, showing how the modelling results can be applied, and we identify promising venues for future research.
Eleni Stavropoulou and Lyesse Laloui
Solid Earth, 13, 1823–1841, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Shales are identified as suitable caprock formations for geolocigal CO2 storage thanks to their low permeability. Here, small-sized shale samples are studied under field-representative conditions with X-ray tomography. The geochemical impact of CO2 on calcite-rich zones is for the first time visualised, the role of pre-existing micro-fissures in the CO2 invasion trapping in the matererial is highlighted, and the initiation of micro-cracks when in contact with anhydrous CO2 is demonstrated.
Conor M. O'Sullivan, Conrad J. Childs, Muhammad M. Saqab, John J. Walsh, and Patrick M. Shannon
Solid Earth, 13, 1649–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Slyne Basin is a sedimentary basin located offshore north-western Ireland. It formed through a long and complex evolution involving distinct periods of extension. The basin is subdivided into smaller basins, separated by deep structures related to the ancient Caledonian mountain-building event. These deep structures influence the shape of the basin as it evolves in a relatively unique way, where early faults follow these deep structures, but later faults do not.
Mousumi Roy
Solid Earth, 13, 1415–1430, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1415-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1415-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates one of the key processes that may lead to the destruction and destabilization of continental tectonic plates: the infiltration of buoyant, hot, molten rock (magma) into the base of the plate. Using simple calculations, I suggest that heating during melt–rock interaction may thermally perturb the tectonic plate, weakening it and potentially allowing it to be reshaped from beneath. Geochemical, petrologic, and geologic observations are used to guide model parameters.
Benjamin Guillaume, Guido M. Gianni, Jean-Jacques Kermarrec, and Khaled Bock
Solid Earth, 13, 1393–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Under tectonic forces, the upper part of the crust can break along different types of faults, depending on the orientation of the applied stresses. Using scaled analogue models, we show that the relative magnitude of compressional and extensional forces as well as the presence of inherited structures resulting from previous stages of deformation control the location and type of faults. Our results gives insights into the tectonic evolution of areas showing complex patterns of deformation.
Liming Li, Xianrui Li, Fanyan Yang, Lili Pan, and Jingxiong Tian
Solid Earth, 13, 1371–1391, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1371-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1371-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We constructed a three-dimensional numerical geomechanics model to obtain the continuous slip rates of active faults and crustal velocities in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Based on the analysis of the fault kinematics in the study area, we evaluated the possibility of earthquakes occurring in the main faults in the area, and analyzed the crustal deformation mechanism of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.
Andrzej Głuszyński and Paweł Aleksandrowski
Solid Earth, 13, 1219–1242, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Old seismic data recently reprocessed with modern software allowed us to study at depth the Late Cretaceous tectonic structures in the Permo-Mesozoic rock sequences in the Sudetes. The structures formed in response to Iberia collision with continental Europe. The NE–SW compression undulated the crystalline basement top and produced folds, faults and joints in the sedimentary cover. Our results are of importance for regional geology and in prospecting for deep thermal waters.
R. Dietmar Müller, Nicolas Flament, John Cannon, Michael G. Tetley, Simon E. Williams, Xianzhi Cao, Ömer F. Bodur, Sabin Zahirovic, and Andrew Merdith
Solid Earth, 13, 1127–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1127-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1127-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have built a community model for the evolution of the Earth's plate–mantle system. Created with open-source software and an open-access plate model, it covers the last billion years, including the formation, breakup, and dispersal of two supercontinents, as well as the creation and destruction of numerous ocean basins. The model allows us to
seeinto the Earth in 4D and helps us unravel the connections between surface tectonics and the
beating heartof the Earth, its convecting mantle.
Anthony Jourdon and Dave A. May
Solid Earth, 13, 1107–1125, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present a method to compute a reference pressure based on density structure in which we cast the problem in terms of a partial differential equation (PDE). We show in the context of 3D models of continental rifting that using the pressure as a boundary condition within the flow problem results in non-cylindrical velocity fields, producing strain localization in the lithosphere along large-scale strike-slip shear zones and allowing the formation and evolution of triple junctions.
Luisa Röckel, Steffen Ahlers, Birgit Müller, Karsten Reiter, Oliver Heidbach, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, and Frank Schilling
Solid Earth, 13, 1087–1105, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reactivation of tectonic faults can lead to earthquakes and jeopardize underground operations. The reactivation potential is linked to fault properties and the tectonic stress field. We create 3D geometries for major faults in Germany and use stress data from a 3D geomechanical–numerical model to calculate their reactivation potential and compare it to seismic events. The reactivation potential in general is highest for NNE–SSW- and NW–SE-striking faults and strongly depends on the fault dip.
Nadaya Cubas, Philippe Agard, and Roxane Tissandier
Solid Earth, 13, 779–792, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake extent prediction is limited by our poor understanding of slip deficit patterns. From a mechanical analysis applied along the Chilean margin, we show that earthquakes are bounded by extensive plate interface deformation. This deformation promotes stress build-up, leading to earthquake nucleation; earthquakes then propagate along smoothed fault planes and are stopped by heterogeneously distributed deformation. Slip deficit patterns reflect the spatial distribution of this deformation.
Piotr Krzywiec, Mateusz Kufrasa, Paweł Poprawa, Stanisław Mazur, Małgorzata Koperska, and Piotr Ślemp
Solid Earth, 13, 639–658, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-639-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-639-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Legacy 2-D seismic data with newly acquired 3-D seismic data were used to construct a new model of geological evolution of NW Poland over last 400 Myr. It illustrates how the destruction of the Caledonian orogen in the Late Devonian–early Carboniferous led to half-graben formation, how they were inverted in the late Carboniferous, how the study area evolved during the formation of the Permo-Mesozoic Polish Basin and how supra-evaporitic structures were inverted in the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene.
Paolo Boncio, Eugenio Auciello, Vincenzo Amato, Pietro Aucelli, Paola Petrosino, Anna C. Tangari, and Brian R. Jicha
Solid Earth, 13, 553–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the Gioia Sannitica normal fault (GF) within the southern Matese fault system (SMF) in southern Apennines (Italy). It is a fault with a long slip history that has experienced recent reactivation or acceleration. Present activity has resulted in late Quaternary fault scarps and Holocene surface faulting. The maximum slip rate is ~ 0.5 mm/yr. Activation of the 11.5 km GF or the entire 30 km SMF can produce up to M 6.2 or M 6.8 earthquakes, respectively.
Sepideh Pajang, Laetitia Le Pourhiet, and Nadaya Cubas
Solid Earth, 13, 535–551, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-535-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-535-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The local topographic slope of an accretionary prism is often used to determine the effective friction on subduction megathrust. We investigate how the brittle–ductile and the smectite–illite transitions affect the topographic slope of an accretionary prism and its internal deformation to provide clues to determine the origin of observed low topographic slopes in subduction zones. We finally discuss their implications in terms of the forearc basin and forearc high genesis and nature.
Malcolm Aranha, Alok Porwal, Manikandan Sundaralingam, Ignacio González-Álvarez, Amber Markan, and Karunakar Rao
Solid Earth, 13, 497–518, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rare earth elements (REEs) are considered critical mineral resources for future industrial growth due to their short supply and rising demand. This study applied an artificial-intelligence-based technique to target potential REE-deposit hosting areas in western Rajasthan, India. Uncertainties associated with the prospective targets were also estimated to aid decision-making. The presented workflow can be applied to similar regions elsewhere to locate potential zones of REE mineralisation.
Erica D. Erlanger, Maria Giuditta Fellin, and Sean D. Willett
Solid Earth, 13, 347–365, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-347-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-347-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present an erosion rate analysis on dated rock and sediment from the Northern Apennine Mountains, Italy, which provides new insights on the pattern of erosion rates through space and time. This analysis shows decreasing erosion through time on the Ligurian side but increasing erosion through time on the Adriatic side. We suggest that the pattern of erosion rates is consistent with the present asymmetric topography in the Northern Apennines, which has likely existed for several million years.
Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Totaro, Giusy Lavecchia, Barbara Orecchio, Rita de Nardis, Debora Presti, Federica Ferrarini, Simone Bello, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 13, 205–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Pollino region is a highly seismic area of Italy. Increasing the geological knowledge on areas like this contributes to reducing risk and saving lives. We reconstruct the 3D model of the faults which generated the 2010–2014 seismicity integrating geological and seismological data. Appropriate relationships based on the dimensions of the activated faults suggest that they did not fully discharge their seismic potential and could release further significant earthquakes in the near future.
Steven Whitmeyer, Lynn Fichter, Anita Marshall, and Hannah Liddle
Solid Earth, 12, 2803–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Field trips in the Stratigraphy, Structure, Tectonics (SST) course transitioned to a virtual format in Fall 2020, due to the COVID pandemic. Virtual field experiences (VFEs) were developed in web Google Earth and were evaluated in comparison with on-location field trips via an online survey. Students recognized the value of VFEs for revisiting outcrops and noted improved accessibility for students with disabilities. Potential benefits of hybrid field experiences were also indicated.
Amir Kalifi, Philippe Hervé Leloup, Philippe Sorrel, Albert Galy, François Demory, Vincenzo Spina, Bastien Huet, Frédéric Quillévéré, Frédéric Ricciardi, Daniel Michoux, Kilian Lecacheur, Romain Grime, Bernard Pittet, and Jean-Loup Rubino
Solid Earth, 12, 2735–2771, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Molasse deposits, deposited and deformed at the western Alpine front during the Miocene (23 to 5.6 Ma), record the chronology of that deformation. We combine the first precise chronostratigraphy (precision of ∼0.5 Ma) of the Miocene molasse, the reappraisal of the regional structure, and the analysis of growth deformation structures in order to document three tectonic phases and the precise chronology of thrust westward propagation during the second one involving the Belledonne basal thrust.
Mark R. Handy, Stefan M. Schmid, Marcel Paffrath, Wolfgang Friederich, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2633–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
New images from the multi-national AlpArray experiment illuminate the Alps from below. They indicate thick European mantle descending beneath the Alps and forming blobs that are mostly detached from the Alps above. In contrast, the Adriatic mantle in the Alps is much thinner. This difference helps explain the rugged mountains and the abundance of subducted and exhumed units at the core of the Alps. The blobs are stretched remnants of old ocean and its margins that reach down to at least 410 km.
Maurizio Ercoli, Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Pauselli, Harry M. Jol, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 12, 2573–2596, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Past strong earthquakes can produce topographic deformations, often
memorizedin Quaternary sediments, which are typically studied by paleoseismologists through trenching. Using a ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we unveiled possible buried Quaternary faulting in the Mt. Pollino seismic gap region (southern Italy). We aim to contribute to seismic hazard assessment of an area potentially prone to destructive events as well as promote our workflow in similar contexts around the world.
Luca Smeraglia, Nathan Looser, Olivier Fabbri, Flavien Choulet, Marcel Guillong, and Stefano M. Bernasconi
Solid Earth, 12, 2539–2551, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we dated fault movements at geological timescales which uplifted the sedimentary successions of the Jura Mountains from below the sea level up to Earth's surface. To do so, we applied the novel technique of U–Pb geochronology on calcite mineralizations that precipitated on fault surfaces during times of tectonic activity. Our results document a time frame of the tectonic evolution of the Jura Mountains and provide new insight into the broad geological history of the Western Alps.
Renas I. Koshnaw, Fritz Schlunegger, and Daniel F. Stockli
Solid Earth, 12, 2479–2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
As continental plates collide, mountain belts grow. This study investigated the provenance of rocks from the northwestern segment of the Zagros mountain belt to unravel the convergence history of the Arabian and Eurasian plates. Provenance data synthesis and field relationships suggest that the Zagros Mountains developed as a result of the oceanic crust emplacement on the Arabian continental plate, followed by the Arabia–Eurasia collision and later uplift of the broader region.
David Hindle and Jonas Kley
Solid Earth, 12, 2425–2438, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2425-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2425-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Central western Europe underwent a strange episode of lithospheric deformation, resulting in a chain of small mountains that run almost west–east across the continent and that formed in the middle of a tectonic plate, not at its edges as is usually expected. Associated with these mountains, in particular the Harz in central Germany, are marine basins contemporaneous with the mountain growth. We explain how those basins came to be as a result of the mountains bending the adjacent plate.
Andreas Eberts, Hamed Fazlikhani, Wolfgang Bauer, Harald Stollhofen, Helga de Wall, and Gerald Gabriel
Solid Earth, 12, 2277–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2277-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2277-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We combine gravity anomaly and topographic data with observations from thermochronology, metamorphic grades, and the granite inventory to detect patterns of basement block segmentation and differential exhumation along the southwestern Bohemian Massif. Based on our analyses, we introduce a previously unknown tectonic structure termed Cham Fault, which, together with the Pfahl and Danube shear zones, is responsible for the exposure of different crustal levels during late to post-Variscan times.
Christoph Grützner, Simone Aschenbrenner, Petra Jamšek
Rupnik, Klaus Reicherter, Nour Saifelislam, Blaž Vičič, Marko Vrabec, Julian Welte, and Kamil Ustaszewski
Solid Earth, 12, 2211–2234, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2211-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2211-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Several large strike-slip faults in western Slovenia are known to be active, but most of them have not produced strong earthquakes in historical times. In this study we use geomorphology, near-surface geophysics, and fault excavations to show that two of these faults had surface-rupturing earthquakes during the Holocene. Instrumental and historical seismicity data do not capture the strongest events in this area.
Cited articles
Aoudia, A., Ismail-Zadeh, A. T., and Romanelli, F.: Buoyancy-driven deformation and contemporary tectonic stress in the lithosphere beneath Central Italy, Terra Nova, 19, 490–496, 2007.
Bard, P. Y.: Microtremor measurements: a tool for site effect estimation?, in: The Effects of Surface Geology on seismic Motion, edited by: Irikura, K., Kudo, K., Okada, H., and Sasatani, T., Balkema, Rotterdam, 1251–1279, 1999.
Basili, R., Valensise, G., Vannoli P., Burrato, P., Fracassi, U., Mariano, S., Tiberti, M. M., and Boschi, E.: The database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), version 3: summarizing 20 years of research on Italy's earthquake geology, Tectonophysics, 453, 20–43, 2008.
Benedetti, L., Manighetti, I., Gaudemer, Y., Finkel, R., Malavieille, J., Pou, K., Arnold, M., Aumaître, G., Bourlès, D., and Keddadouche, K.: Earthquake synchrony and clustering on Fucino faults (Central Italy) as revealed from in situ 36Cl exposure dating, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 4948–4974, 2013.
Boncio, P., Pizzi, A., Brozzetti, F., Pomposo, G., Lavecchia, G., Di Naccio, D., and Ferrarini, F.: Coseismic ground deformation of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (central Italy, Mw 6.3), Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042807, 2010.
Bosi, C.: Giornate di studio sul tema: La Neotettonica in Italia a dieci anni dalla fine del Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica, Roma, 2–3 March 1992, Relazione Introduttiva, Il Quaternario, 5, 281–286, 1992.
Bosi, C. and Bertini, T.: Geologia della media valle dell'Aterno, Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 9, 719–777, 1970.
Bosi, C., Galadini, F., Giaccio, B., Messina, P., and Sposato, A.: Plio-Quaternary continental deposits in the Latium-Abruzzi Apennines: the correlation of geological events across different intermontane basins, I1 Quaternario, 16, 55–76, 2003.
Carminati, E. and Doglioni, C.: Alps vs. Apennines: The paradigm of a tectonically asymmetric Earth, Earth-Sci. Rev., 112, 67–96, 2012.
Carmini, E., Doglioni C., and Scrocca, D.: Alps vs Apennines, Special Volume of the Italian Geological Society for the IGC 32 Florence, 2004.
Cavinato, G. P. and De Celles, P.: Extensional basins in the tectonically bimodal central Apennines fold-thrust belt, Italy: Response to corner flow above a subducting slab in retrograde motion, Geology, 27, 955–958, 1999.
Cavinato, G. P., Carusi, C., Dall'Asta, M., MIccadei, E., and Piacentini, T.: Sedimentary and tectonic evolution of Plio-Pleistocene alluvial and lacustrine deposits of Fucino Basin (Central Italy), Sediment. Geol., 148, 29–59, 2002.
Centamore, E., Cantalamessa, G., Micarelli, A., Potetti, M., Berti, D., Bigi, S., Morelli, C., and Ridolfi, M.: Stratigrafia e analisi di facies dei depositi del Miocene e del Pliocene inferiore dell'avanfossa marchigiano-abruzzese e delle zone limitrofe, Studi Geologici Camerti, 1991/2, 125–131, 1991.
Centamore, E., Dramis, F., Fubelli, G., Molin, P., and Nisio, P.: Elements to correlate marine and continental sedimentary successions in the context of the neotectonic evolution of the central Apennines, I1 Quaternario, 16, 77–87, 2003.
Cesi, C., Di Filippo, M., Di Nezza, M., and Ferri, F.: Caratteri gravimetrici della media Valle del Fiume Aterno, Parte I – Geologia e Pericolosità Sismica dell'area Aquilana, Microzonazione Sismica per la ricostruzione dell'area Aquilana, edited by: Naso, G. and Castenetto, S., Regione Abruzzo-Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, L'Aquila, 1, 31–37, 2010.
Chiaraluce, L., Chiarabba, C., De Gori, P., Di Stefano, R., Improta, L., Piccinini, D., Schlagenhauf, A., Traversa, P., Valoroso, L., and Voisin, C.: The April 2009 L'Aquila (central Italy) seismic sequence, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 52, 367–387, 2011.
Ciarapica, G. and Passeri, L.: Evoluzione paleogeografica degli Appennini, Atti Tic. Sc. Terra, 40, 233–290, 1998.
Cinti, F. R., Pantosti, D., DeMartini, P. M., Pucci, S., Civico, R., Pierdominici, S., and Cucci, L.: Evidence for surface faulting events along the Paganica Fault prior to the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (Central Italy), J. Geophys. Res., 116, B07308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007988, 2011.
Cipollari, P., Cosentino, D., and Parotto, M.: Modello cinematico-strutturale dell'Italia centrale, Studi Geologici Camerti, 1995/2, 135–143, 1997.
Cipollari, P., Cosentino, D., Esu, D., Girotti, O., Gliozzi, E., and Praturlon, A.: Thrust-top lacustrine-lagoonal basin development in accretionary wedges: late Messinian (Lago-Mare) episode in the central Apennines (Italy), Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 151, 146–166, 1999.
Civico, R., Sapia, V., Di Giulio, G., Villani, F., Pucci, S., Vassallo, M., Baccheschi, P., De Martini, P.M., Amoroso, S., Cantore, L., Di Naccio, D., Smedile, A., Orefice, S., Pinzi, S., Pantosti, D., and Marchetti, M.: Imaging the three-dimensional architecture of the Middle Aterno basin (2009 L'Aquila earthquake, Central Italy) using ground TDEM and seismic noise surveys: preliminary results, in: 6th International INQUA Meeting on Paleoseismology, Active Tectonics and Archaeoseismology, edited by: Blumetti, A. M., Cinti, F., De Martini, P. M., Galadini, F., Guerrieri, L., Michetti, A. M., Pantosti, D., and Vittori, E., 19–24 April 2015, Pescina, Italy, Miscellanea INGV, 27, available at: http://www.ingv.it/editoria/miscellanea/2015/miscellanea27/ (last access: 6 March 2017), 2015.
Cosentino, D., Cipollari, P., Marsili, P., and Scrocca, D.: The Geology of Italy, 2010, in: Electronic edition, edited by: Beltrando, M., Peccerillo, A., Mattei, M., Conticelli, S., and Doglioni, C., Journal of the Virtual Explorer, 36, 1441–8142, 2010.
D'Agostino, N., Jackson, J. A., Dramis, F., and Funiciello, R.: Interactions between mantle upwelling, drainage evolution and active normal faulting: an example from the central Apennines (Italy), Geophys. J. Int., 147, 475–479, 2001.
D'Agostino, N., England, P., Hunstad, I., and Selvaggi, G.: Gravitational potential energy and active deformation in the Apennines, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 397, 121–132, 2014.
Destro, N.: Release fault: a variety of cross fault in linked extensional fault systems in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, NE Brazil, J. Struct. Geol., 17, 615–629, 1995.
Di Filippo, M. and Miccadei, E.: Studio gravimetrico della conca di Sulmona, Il Quaternario, 10, 489–494, 1997.
Di Filippo, M., Di Nezza, M., and Scarascia Mugnozza, G.: Rilievi gravimetrici per la microzonazione sismica (1 livello), Contributi per l'aggiornamento degli “Indirizzi e criteri per la microzonazione sismica 2008”, Ingegneria Sismica, International Journal of Earthquake Engineenring, edited by: Pàtron, E., 2, 18–22, ISSN: 0393-14202011, 2011.
Di Giulio, G., de Nardis, R., Boncio, P., Milana, G., Rosatelli, G., Stoppa, F., and Lavecchia, G.: Seismic response of a deep continental basin including velocity inversion: the Sulmona intramontane basin (Central Apennines, Italy), Geophys. J. Int., 204, 418–439, 2016.
Di Nezza, M., Di Filippo, M., and Ferri, F.: Gravity features of the Middle Aterno Valley, 85° Congresso Nazionale della Società Geologica Italiana, Pisa, 6–8 September 2010.
Doglioni, C.: A proposal of kinematic modelling for W-dipping subductions. Possible applications to the Tyrrhenian–Apennines system, Terra Nova, 3, 423–434, 1991.
Doglioni, C.: Geological remarks on the relationships between extension and convergent geodynamic settings, Tectonophysics, 252, 253–267, 1995.
EMERGEO Working Group: Evidence for surface rupture associated with the Mw 6.3 L'Aquila earthquake sequence of April 2009 (central Italy), Terra Nova, 22, 43–51, 2010.
Faccenna, C., Piromallo, C., Crespo Blanca, A., Jolivet, L., and Rossetti, F.: Lateral slab deformation and the origin of the western Mediterranean arcs, Tectonics, 23, TC1012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002TC001488, 2004.
Fäh, D., Kind, F., and Giardini, D.: A theoretical investigation of average H∕V ratios, Geophys. J. Int., 145, 535–549, 2001.
Falcucci, E.: Evoluzione geomorfologica e geologica del Quaternario della conca Subequana e della media valle dell'Aterno, Appennino Abruzzese, PhD thesis, Università degli Studi La Sapienza di Roma, Italy, 139 pp., 2011.
Falcucci, E., Gori, S., Peronace, E., Fubelli, G., Moro, M., Saroli, M., Giaccio, B., Messina, P., Naso, G., Scardia, G., Sposato, A., Voltaggio, M., Galli, P., and Galadini, F.: The Paganica fault and surface coseismic ruptures caused by the 6 April 2009, earthquake (L'Aquila, central Italy), Seismol. Res. Lett., 80, 940–950, 2009.
Falcucci, E., Gori, S., Moro, M., Pisani, A. R., Melini, D., Galadini, F., and Fredi, P.: The 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (Italy): what next in the region? Hints from stress diffusion analysis and normal fault activity, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 305, 350–358, 2011.
Falcucci, E., Gori, S., Moro, M., Fubelli, G., Saroli, M., Chiarabba, C., and Galadini, F.: Deep reaching versus vertically restricted Quaternary normal faults: implications on seismic potential assessment in tectonically active regions. Lessons from the middle Aterno valley fault system, central Italy, Tectonophysics, 651–652, 186–198, 2015.
Fracassi, U. and Milano, G.: A soft linkage between major seismogenic fault systems in the central-southern Apennines (Italy): Evidence from low-magnitude seismicity, Tectonophysics, 636, 18–31, 2014.
Fubelli, G., Gori, S., Falcucci, E., Galadini, F., and Messina, P.: Geomorphic signatures of recent normal fault activity versus geological evidence of inactivity: Case studies from the central Apennines (Italy), Tectonophysics, 476, 252–268, 2009.
Galadini, F.: Pleistocene changes in the Central Apennine fault kinematics: a key to decipher active tectonics, Tectonics, 18, 877–894, 1999.
Galadini, F. and Galli, P.: The Holocene paleoearthquakes on the 1915 Avezzano earthquake faults (central Italy): implications for active tectonics in Central Apennines, Tectonophysics, 308, 143–170, 1999.
Galadini, F. and Galli, P: Active tectonics in the central Apennines (Italy) – input data for seismic hazard assessment, Nat. Hazards, 22, 225–270, 2000.
Galadini, F. and Messina, P.: Plio-Quaternary changes of normal fault architecture in the central Apennines (Italy), Geodin. Acta, 14, 321–344, 2001.
Galadini, F. and Messina, P.: Early-Middle Pleistocene eastward migration of the Abruzzi Apennine (central Italy) extensional domain, J. Geodyn., 37, 57–81, 2004.
Galadini, F., Galli, P., and Giraudi, C.: Paleosismologia della Piana del Fucino (Italia Centrale), Il Quaternario, 10, 27–64, 1997.
Galadini, F., Messina, P., Giaccio, B., and Sposato, A.: Early uplift history of the Abruzzi Apennines (central Italy): available geomorphological constraints, Quatern. Int., 101/102, 125–135, 2003.
Galli, P., Galadini, F., and Pantosti, D.: Twenty years of paleoseismology in Italy, Earth Sci. Rev. 88, 89–117, 2008.
Galli, P., Giaccio, B., and Messina, P.: The 2009 central Italy earthquake seen through 0.5 Myr-long tectonic history of the L'Aquila faults system, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 3768–3789, 2010.
Ghisetti, F. and Vezzani, L.: Thrust belt development in the central Apennines: northward polarity of thrusting and out-of-sequence deformations in the Gran Sasso Chain (Italy), Tectonics 10, 904–919, 1991.
Ghisetti, F. and Vezzani, L.: Interfering paths of deformation and development of arcs in the fold-and-thrust belt of the central Apennines (Italy), Tectonics, 16, 523–536, 1997.
Giaccio, B., Messina, P., Sposato, A., Voltaggio, M., Zanchetta, G., Galadini, F., Gori, S., and Santacroce, R.: Tephra layers from Holocene lake sediments of the Sulmona Basin, central Italy: implications for volcanic activity in Peninsular Italy and tephrostratigraphy in the central Mediterranean area, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 2710–2733, 2009.
Giaccio, B., Castorina, F., Nomade, S., Scardia, G., Voltaggio, M., and Sagnotti, L.: Revised chronology of the Sulmona lacustrine succession, Central Italy, J. Quaternary Sci., 545–551, 2013.
Giraudi, C.: Evoluzione geologica della piana del Fucino (Abruzzo) negli ultimi 30 000 anni, Il Quaternario, 1, 131–159, 1988.
Gori, S., Dramis, F., Galadini, F., and Messina, P.: The use of geomorphological markers in the footwall of active faults for kinematic evaluations: examples from the central Apennines, Ital. J. Geosci., 126, 365–374, 2007.
Gori, S., Giaccio, B., Galadini, F., Falcucci, E., Messina, P., Sposato, A., and Dramis, F.: Active normal faulting along the Mt. Morrone south-western slopes (central Apennines, Italy), Int. J. Earth Sci., 100, 157–171, 2011.
Gori, S., Falcucci, E., Atzori, S., Chini, M., Moro, M., Serpelloni, E., Fubelli, G., Saroli, M., Devoti, R., Stramondo, S., Galadini, F., and Salvi, S.: Constraining primary surface rupture length along the Paganica fault (2009 L'Aquila earthquake) with geological and geodetic (DInSAR and GPS) data, Ital. J. Geosci., 131, 359–372, 2012.
Gori, S., Falcucci, E., Dramis, F., Galadini, F., Galli, P., Giaccio, B., Messina, P., Pizzi, A., Sposato, A., and Cosentino, D.: Deep-seated gravitational slope deformation, large-scale rock failure, and active normal faulting along Mt. Morrone (Sulmona basin, Central Italy): Geomorphological and paleoseismological analyses, Geomorphology, 208, 88–101, 2014.
Gori, S., Falcucci, E., and Galadini, F.: Report on the INQUA 6th International Workshop on “Active Tectonics, Paleoseismology and Archaeoseismology” Fucino 2015, 19–24 April 2015, Pescina (AQ), Alpine and Mediterranean Quaternary, 28, 2279–7335, 2015a.
Gori, S., Falcucci, E., Scardia, G., Nomade, S., Guillou, H., Galadini, F., and Fredi, P.: Early capture of a central Apennine (Italy) internal basin as a consequence of enhanced regional uplift at the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition, in: The Plio-Pleistocene continental record in Italy: highlights on Stratigraphy and Neotectonics, edited by: Monegato, G., Gianotti, F., and Forno, M. G., Abstracts Volume AIQUA Congress 2015, February 24–26, Torino, Miscellanea dell'Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (ISSN 2039-6651), 26, 26–27, 2015b.
Gruppo di Lavoro MS-AQ: Microzonazione sismica per la ricostruzione dell'area aquilana, Regione Abruzzo – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, L'Aquila, 3, available at: http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/jcms/it/view_pub.wp?contentId=PUB25330 (last access: 6 March 2017), 2010.
Ibs-von Seht, M. and Wohlenberg, J.: Microtremor measurements used to map thickness of soft sediments, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 89, 250–259, 1999.
Kastelic, V., Burrato, P., Carafa, M., and Basili, R.: Progressive Exposure of the Central Apennine's “Nastrini”: a Falling Tectonics Paradigm?, Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra Solida, 34° convegno nazionale, 17–19 November 2015, Trieste, 2015.
Kastelic, V., Burrato, P., Carafa, M. M. C., and Basili, R.: Repeated surveys reveal nontectonic exposure of supposedly active normal faults in the central Apennines, Italy, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 122, 114–129, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003953, 2017.
Konno, K. and Ohmachi, T.: Ground-motion characteristics estimated from spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components of microtremors, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 88, 228–241, 1998.
Lachet, C. and Bard, P. Y.: Numerical and theoretical investigations on the possibilities and limitations of Nakamura's technique, J. Phys. Earth, 42, 377–397, 1994.
Ladina, C., Marzorati, S., Falcucci, E., and Gori, S.: Dataset of the seismic noise measurements performed from 2009 to 2012 in Subequana Valley (central Italy), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.376573, 2017.
Lanzo, G., Silvestri, F., Costanzo, A., d'Onofrio, A., Martelli, L., Pagliaroli, A., Sica, S., and Simonelli, A.: Site response studies and seismic microzoning in the Middle Aterno valley (L'Aquila, Central Italy), B. Earthq. Eng., 9, 1417–1442, 2011.
Malinverno, A. and Ryan, W. B. F.: Extension in the Tyrrhenian sea and shortening in the Apennines as a result of arc migration driven by sinking of lithosphere, Tectonics, 5, 227–245, 1986.
Marzorati, S., Ladina C., Piccarreda D., and Ameri, G.: Campagna di Misure Sismiche nella conca Subequana, Rapporti Tecnici INGV, 156, available at: http://istituto.ingv.it/l-ingv/produzione-scientifica/rapporti-tecnici-ingv/rapporti-tecnici-2010 (last access: 6 March 2017), 2010.
Marzorati, S., Ladina, C., Falcucci, E., Gori, S., Ameri, G., and Galadini, F.: Site effects “on the rock”: the case of Castelvecchio Subequo (L'Aquila, Central Italy), B. Earthq. Eng., 9, 841–868, 2011.
Miccadei, E., Barberi, R., and De Caterini, G.: Nuovi dati geologici sui depositi quaternari della Conca Subaequana (Appennino abruzzese), Il Quaternario, 10, 483–486, 1997.
Michetti, A. M., Brunamonte, F., Serva, L., and Vittori, E.: Trench investigations of the 1915 Fucino earthquake fault scarps (Abruzzo, Central Italy): geological evidence of large historical events, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 5921–5936, 1996.
Morley, C. K., Haranyac, C., Phoosongsee, W., Pongwapee, S., Kornsawan, A., and Wonganan, N.: Activation of rift oblique and rift parallel pre-existing fabrics during extension and their effect on deformation style: examples from the rifts of Thailand, J. Struct. Geol., 26, 1803–1829, 2004.
Moro, M., Gori, S., Falcucci, E., Saroli, M., Galadini, F., and Salvi, S.: Historical earthquakes and variable kinematic behaviour of the 2009 L'Aquila seismic event (central Italy) causative fault, revealed by paleoseismological investigations, Tectonophysics, 583, 131–144, 2013.
Nakamura, Y.: A method for dynamic characteristics estimations of subsurface using microtremors on the ground surface, Quarterly Rept. RTRI Japan, 30, 25–33, 1989.
Nakamura, Y.: Clear identification of fundamental idea of Nakamura's technique and its applications, in: Proceedings of the XII World Conf. Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand, 2656 pp., 2000.
Nocentini, M.: Integrated analysis for intermontane basins studies: tectono-stratigraphic and paleoclimatic evolution of the L'Aquila basin, PhD thesis, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Italy, 121 pp., 2016.
Nogoshi, M. and Igarashi, T.: On the amplitude characteristics of microtremor (part 2), Journal of Seismological Society of Japan, 24, 26–40, 1971 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Pace, B., Boncio, P., and Lavecchia, G.: The 1984 Abruzzo earthquake (Italy): an example of seismogenic process controlled by interaction between differently-oriented sinkinematic faults, Tectonophysics, 350, 237–254, 2002.
Pagliaroli, A., Avalle, A., Falcucci, E., Gori, S., and Galadini, F.: Numerical and experimental evaluation of site effects at ridges characterized by complex geological setting, B. Earthq. Eng., 13, 2841–2865, 2015.
Patacca, E., Sartori, R., and Scandone, P.: Tyrrhenian Basin and Apenninic arcs: kinematic relations since late Tortonian times, Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 45, 425–451, 1990.
Patacca, E., Scandone, P., Di Luzio, E., Cavinato, G. P., and Parotto, M.: Structural architecture of the central Apennines: interpretation of the CROP 11 seismic profile from the Adriatic coast to the orographic divide, Tectonics, 27, TC3006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005TC001917, 2008.
Pizzi, A.: Plio-Quaternary uplift rates in the outer zone of the central Apennines fold-and-thrust belt, Italy, Quatern. Int., 101–102, 229–237, 2003.
Pizzi, A. and Galadini, F.: Pre-existing cross-structures and active fault segmentation in the northern-central Apennines (Italy), Tectonophysics, 476, 304–319, 2009.
Pucci, S., Villani, F., Civico, R., Di Naccio, D., Sapia, V., Di Giulio, G., Vassallo, M., Ricci, T., Delcher, E., Finizola, A., Baccheschi, P., and Pantosti, D.: Structural complexity and Quaternary evolution of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake causative fault system (Abruzzi Apennines, Italy): a three-dimensional image supported by deep ERT, ground TDEM and seismic noise surveys, Proceedings of the 7th International INQUA Meeting on Paleoseismology Active Tectonics and Archeoseismology, 30 May–3 June 2016, Crestone, Colorado, USA, 2016.
Regattieri, E., Giaccio, B., Galli, P., Nomade, S., Peronace, E., Messina, P., Sposato, A, Boschi, C., and Gemelli, M.: A multi-proxy record of MIS 11e12 deglaciation and glacial MIS 12 instability from the Sulmona basin (central Italy), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 132, 129–145, 2016.
Roberts, G. P. and Michetti, A. M.: Spatial and temporal variations in growth rates along active normal fault systems: an example from The Lazio-Abruzzo Apennines, central Italy, J. Struct. Geol., 26, 339–376, 2004.
Salucci, R.: Studio geologico-geognostico relative al progetto M.A.P. (Moduli Abitativi Provvisori), Comune di Castelvecchio Subequo (AQ), 56 pp., 2010a.
Salucci, R.: Studio geologico-geognostico relative al progetto M.A.P. (Moduli Abitativi Provvisori), Comune di Castel di Ieri (AQ), 49 pp., 2010b.
Satolli, S. and Calamita, F.: Differences and similarities between the central and the southern Apennines (Italy): Examining the Gran Sasso versus the Matese-Frosolone salients using paleomagnetic, geological, and structural data, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B10101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005699, 2008.
Scrocca, D.: Thrust front segmentation induced by differential slab retreat in the Apennines (Italy), Terra Nova, 18, 154–161, 2006.
Şengör, A. M. C.: Cross-faults and differential stretching of hanging walls in regions of low-angle normal faulting: examples from western Turkey, edited by: Coward, M. P., Dewey, J. F., and Hancock, P. L., Continental Extensional Tectonics, Geological Society Special Publication, 28, 575–589, 1987.
SESAME European project: Guidelines for the implementation of the H∕V spectral ratio technique on ambient vibrations – Measurements, processing and interpretation, Deliverable D23.12., available at: ftp://ftp.geo.uib.no/pub/seismo/SOFTWARE/SESAME/USER-GUIDELINES/SESAME-HV-User-Guidelines.pdf (last access: 6 March 2017), 2005.
Tokimatsu, K.: Geotechnical site characterization using surface waves, Geot. Geol. Earthquake, 1333–1368, 1997.
Yamanaka, H., Takemura, M., Ishida, H., and Niwa, M.: Characteristics of long period microtremors and their applicability in the exploration of deep sedimentary layers, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 84, 1831–1841, 1994.
Valensise, G. and Pantosti, D.: The investigation of potential earthquake sources in peninsular Italy: A review, J. Seismol., 5, 287–306, 2001.
Vittori, E., Di Manna, P., Blumetti, A. M., Comerci, V., Guerrieri, L., Esposito, E., Michetti, A. M., Porfido, S., Piccardi, L., Roberts, G. P., Berlusconi, A., Livio, F., Sileo, G., Wilkinson, M., McCaffrey, K. J. W., Phillips, R. J., and Cowie, P. A.: Surface faulting of the 6 April 2009 Mw 6.3 L'Aquila earthquake in Central Italy, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 101, 1507–1530, 2011.
Wells, D. L. and Coppersmith, K. J.: New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 84, 974–1002, 1994.
Wilkins, S. J. and Schultz, R. A.: Cross faults in extensional settings: Stress triggering, displacement localization, and implications for the origin of blunt troughs at Valles Marineris, Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 5056, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JE001968, 2003.
Short summary
We integrated geological and geophysical data to study the evolution of a large sector of the central Apennines, in Italy. The adopted approach permitted us to cast light on timing of faults activity over the past about 2 million years. The results we obtained has implication in terms of assessment of seismic sources of strong earthquakes. In particular, we defined which of the investigated faults are able to produce large-magnitude seismic events and which are no longer able.
We integrated geological and geophysical data to study the evolution of a large sector of the...
