Articles | Volume 10, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1519-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1519-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Sep 2019
Research article |
| 10 Sep 2019
Modeling active fault systems and seismic events by using a fiber bundle model – example case: the Northridge aftershock sequence
Marisol Monterrubio-Velasco
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Jordi Girona 29, C.P. 08034, Barcelona, Spain
F. Ramón Zúñiga
Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
José Carlos Carrasco-Jiménez
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Jordi Girona 29, C.P. 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Víctor Márquez-Ramírez
Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
Josep Puente
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Jordi Girona 29, C.P. 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Related authors
Marisol Monterrubio-Velasco, F. Ramón Zúñiga, Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez, Otilio Rojas, Armando Aguilar-Meléndez, and Josep de la Puente
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 6361–6381, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6361-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6361-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Mexican subduction zone along the Pacific coast is one of the most active seismic zones in the world, where every year larger-magnitude earthquakes shake huge inland cities such as Mexico City. In this work, we use TREMOL (sThochastic Rupture Earthquake ModeL) to simulate the seismicity observed in this zone. Our numerical results reinforce the hypothesis that in some subduction regions single asperities are responsible for producing the observed seismicity.
Marisol Monterrubio-Velasco, Quetzalcóatl Rodríguez-Pérez, Ramón Zúñiga, Doreen Scholz, Armando Aguilar-Meléndez, and Josep de la Puente
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1809–1831, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1809-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1809-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes are the result of brittle failure within the heterogeneous crust of the Earth. In this article, we present a computer code called the stochasTic Rupture Earthquake MOdeL, TREMOL v0.1, developed to investigate the rupture process of asperities on the earthquake rupture surface. According to our results, TREMOL is able to simulate the magnitudes of real earthquakes, showing that it can be a powerful tool to deliver promising new insights into earthquake rupture processes.
Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez and F. Ramón Zúñiga
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-326, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-326, 2023
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We present a focal mechanism catalog for earthquakes that occurred in Mexico. Reported fault plane solutions were derived using different types of data at local, regional, and teleseismic distances and different methods such as first motions, composite solutions, waveform analysis, and moment tensor inversion. Our catalog consists of 5701 fault plane solutions, and we report all the available focal mechanisms obtained by different authors and seismological agencies for each seismic event.
Xyoli Pérez-Campos, Víctor H. Espíndola, Daniel González-Ávila, Betty Zanolli Fabila, Víctor H. Márquez-Ramírez, Raphael S. M. De Plaen, Juan Carlos Montalvo-Arrieta, and Luis Quintanar
Solid Earth, 12, 1411–1419, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1411-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1411-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mexican seismic stations witnessed a reduction in noise level as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown strategies. The largest drop was observed in Hermosillo, which is also the city with the fastest noise-level recovery and a quick increase in confirmed COVID-19 cases. Since 1 June 2020, a traffic-light system has modulated the re-opening of economic activities for each state, which is reflected in noise levels. Noise reduction has allowed the identification and perception of smaller earthquakes.
Velio Coviello, Lucia Capra, Gianluca Norini, Norma Dávila, Dolors Ferrés, Víctor Hugo Márquez-Ramírez, and Eduard Pico
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 393–412, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-393-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-393-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Puebla–Morelos earthquake (19 September 2017) was the most damaging event in central Mexico since 1985. The seismic shaking produced hundreds of shallow landslides on the slopes of Popocatépetl Volcano. The larger landslides transformed into large debris flows that travelled for kilometers. We describe this exceptional mass wasting cascade and its predisposing factors, which have important implications for both the evolution of the volcanic edifice and hazard assessment.
Raphael S. M. De Plaen, Víctor Hugo Márquez-Ramírez, Xyoli Pérez-Campos, F. Ramón Zuñiga, Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez, Juan Martín Gómez González, and Lucia Capra
Solid Earth, 12, 713–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-713-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-713-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in countries with a dominant informal economy have been a greater challenge than in other places. This motivated the monitoring of the mobility of populations with seismic noise throughout the various phases of lockdown and in the city of Querétaro (central Mexico). Our results emphasize the benefit of densifying urban seismic networks, even with low-cost instruments, to observe variations in mobility at the city scale over exclusively relying on mobile technology.
Marisol Monterrubio-Velasco, F. Ramón Zúñiga, Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez, Otilio Rojas, Armando Aguilar-Meléndez, and Josep de la Puente
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 6361–6381, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6361-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6361-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Mexican subduction zone along the Pacific coast is one of the most active seismic zones in the world, where every year larger-magnitude earthquakes shake huge inland cities such as Mexico City. In this work, we use TREMOL (sThochastic Rupture Earthquake ModeL) to simulate the seismicity observed in this zone. Our numerical results reinforce the hypothesis that in some subduction regions single asperities are responsible for producing the observed seismicity.
Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez, Víctor Hugo Márquez-Ramírez, and Francisco Ramón Zúñiga
Solid Earth, 11, 791–806, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-791-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-791-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed reported oceanic earthquakes in Mexico. We used data from different agencies. By analyzing the occurrence of earthquakes, we can extract relevant information such as the level of seismic activity, the size of the earthquakes, hypocenter depths, etc. We also studied the focal mechanisms to classify the different types of earthquakes and calculated the stress in the region. The results will be useful to understand the physics of oceanic earthquakes.
Marisol Monterrubio-Velasco, Quetzalcóatl Rodríguez-Pérez, Ramón Zúñiga, Doreen Scholz, Armando Aguilar-Meléndez, and Josep de la Puente
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1809–1831, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1809-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1809-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes are the result of brittle failure within the heterogeneous crust of the Earth. In this article, we present a computer code called the stochasTic Rupture Earthquake MOdeL, TREMOL v0.1, developed to investigate the rupture process of asperities on the earthquake rupture surface. According to our results, TREMOL is able to simulate the magnitudes of real earthquakes, showing that it can be a powerful tool to deliver promising new insights into earthquake rupture processes.
Lucia Capra, Velio Coviello, Lorenzo Borselli, Víctor-Hugo Márquez-Ramírez, and Raul Arámbula-Mendoza
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 781–794, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-781-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-781-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Volcán de Colima (Mexico) is commonly hit by hurricanes that form over the Pacific Ocean, triggering multiple lahars along main ravines on the volcano. Rainfall-runoff simulations were compared with the arrival time of main lahar fronts, showing that flow pulses can be correlated with rainfall peak intensity and watershed discharge, depending on the watershed area and shape. This outcome can be used to implement an early warning system based on the monitoring of a hydro-meteorological event.
A. Clemente-Chavez, F. R. Zúñiga, J. Lermo, A. Figueroa-Soto, C. Valdés, M. Montiel, O. Chavez, and M. Arroyo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1391–1406, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1391-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1391-2014, 2014
A. Clemente-Chavez, A. Figueroa-Soto, F. R. Zúñiga, M. Arroyo, M. Montiel, and O. Chavez
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2521–2531, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2521-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2521-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject area: Crustal structure and composition | Editorial team: Seismics, seismology, paleoseismology, geoelectrics, and electromagnetics | Discipline: Seismology
Constraints on fracture distribution in the Los Humeros geothermal field from beamforming of ambient seismic noise
Quantifying gender gaps in seismology authorship
Radial anisotropy and S-wave velocity depict the internal to external zone transition within the Variscan orogen (NW Iberia)
Distributed acoustic sensing as a tool for subsurface mapping and seismic event monitoring: a proof of concept
Seismic monitoring of the STIMTEC hydraulic stimulation experiment in anisotropic metamorphic gneiss
One-dimensional velocity structure modeling of the Earth's crust in the northwestern Dinarides
A functional tool to explore the reliability of micro-earthquake focal mechanism solutions for seismotectonic purposes
Changepoint detection in seismic double-difference data: application of a trans-dimensional algorithm to data-space exploration
3D crustal structure of the Ligurian Basin revealed by surface wave tomography using ocean bottom seismometer data
Elastic anisotropies of deformed upper crustal rocks in the Alps
A revised image of the instrumental seismicity in the Lodi area (Po Plain, Italy)
Seismic radiation from wind turbines: observations and analytical modeling of frequency-dependent amplitude decays
Relocation of earthquakes in the southern and eastern Alps (Austria, Italy) recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network using a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion
Seismic noise variability as an indicator of urban mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Santiago metropolitan region, Chile
Transversely isotropic lower crust of Variscan central Europe imaged by ambient noise tomography of the Bohemian Massif
Evaluating seismic beamforming capabilities of distributed acoustic sensing arrays
Crustal structure of southeast Australia from teleseismic receiver functions
Seismic monitoring of the Auckland Volcanic Field during New Zealand's COVID-19 lockdown
Using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios to construct shear-wave velocity profiles
Crustal structures beneath the Eastern and Southern Alps from ambient noise tomography
Introducing noisi: a Python tool for ambient noise cross-correlation modeling and noise source inversion
Deep learning for fast simulation of seismic waves in complex media
Fault reactivation by gas injection at an underground gas storage off the east coast of Spain
Lithospheric image of the Central Iberian Zone (Iberian Massif) using global-phase seismic interferometry
Visual analytics of aftershock point cloud data in complex fault systems
Passive processing of active nodal seismic data: estimation of VP∕VS ratios to characterize structure and hydrology of an alpine valley infill
Monitoring of induced distributed double-couple sources using Marchenko-based virtual receivers
ER3D: a structural and geophysical 3-D model of central Emilia-Romagna (northern Italy) for numerical simulation of earthquake ground motion
Migration of reflector orientation attributes in deep seismic profiles: evidence for decoupling of the Yilgarn Craton lower crust
The cross-dip correction as a tool to improve imaging of crooked-line seismic data: a case study from the post-glacial Burträsk fault, Sweden
Green's theorem in seismic imaging across the scales
Near-surface structure of the North Anatolian Fault zone from Rayleigh and Love wave tomography using ambient seismic noise
Power spectra of random heterogeneities in the solid earth
A multi-technology analysis of the 2017 North Korean nuclear test
Obtaining reliable source locations with time reverse imaging: limits to array design, velocity models and signal-to-noise ratios
Heather Kennedy, Katrin Löer, and Amy Gilligan
Solid Earth, 13, 1843–1858, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1843-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1843-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The energy transition is an important topic for benefiting the future; thus renewable energy is required to reach net-zero carbon emission goals. Geothermal energy, heat from the ground, can be used in this transition. Therefore, geothermal fields need to be characterized as much as possible to allow for increased productivity within these fields. This study involves and looks at potential fractures within a geothermal field at depth to help increase the overall understanding of this field.
Laura Anna Ermert, Maria Koroni, and Naiara Korta Martiartu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-810, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-810, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated gender and authorship in seismology by analyzing author names of peer-reviewed articles. Seismology continues to be a male-dominated field, although the representation of female authors has been increasing from 2010 to 2020. Gender gaps appear for single authors, authors in high-impact journals, and highly productive authors. We hope to draw the attention of the seismological community to these issues and motivate leaders in the field to take action in order to support diversity.
Jorge Acevedo, Gabriela Fernández-Viejo, Sergio Llana-Fúnez, Carlos López-Fernández, Javier Olona, and Diego Pérez-Millán
Solid Earth, 13, 659–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The NW Iberian Peninsula provides one of the most complete Variscan sections in Europe, showing the transition between a sedimentary domain with folds and thrust and a metamorphic domain with igneous intrusions. By processing the seismic ambient noise recorded by several seismograph networks in this area, new 3-D S-wave velocity and radial anisotropy models were created. These models reveal the limit between the two domains, delineating the core of the large western European Variscan Belt.
Nicola Piana Agostinetti, Alberto Villa, and Gilberto Saccorotti
Solid Earth, 13, 449–468, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sensing the Earth is a fundamental operation for the future where georesources, like geothermal energy and CO2 underground storage, will become important tools for addressing societal challenges. The development of networks of optical fibre cables gives the possibility of a sensing grid with an unprecedented spatial coverage. Here, we investigate the potential of using portions of a optical fibre cable as a standard seismometer for exploring the subsurface and monitoring georesources.
Carolin M. Boese, Grzegorz Kwiatek, Thomas Fischer, Katrin Plenkers, Juliane Starke, Felix Blümle, Christoph Janssen, and Georg Dresen
Solid Earth, 13, 323–346, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-323-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-323-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydraulic stimulation experiments in underground facilities allow for placing monitoring equipment close to and surrounding the stimulated rock under realistic and complex conditions at depth. We evaluate how accurately the direction-dependent velocity must be known for high-resolution seismic monitoring during stimulation. Induced transient deformation in rocks only 2.5–5 m apart may differ significantly in magnitude and style, and monitoring requires sensitive sensors adapted to the frequency.
Gregor Rajh, Josip Stipčević, Mladen Živčić, Marijan Herak, Andrej Gosar, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 13, 177–203, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-177-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-177-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the 1-D velocity structure of the Earth's crust in the NW Dinarides with inversion of arrival times from earthquakes. The obtained velocity models give a better insight into the crustal structure and show velocity variations among different parts of the study area. In addition to general structural implications and a potential for improving further work, the results of our study can also be used for routine earthquake location and for detecting errors in seismological bulletins.
Guido Maria Adinolfi, Raffaella De Matteis, Rita de Nardis, and Aldo Zollo
Solid Earth, 13, 65–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-65-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-65-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a methodology useful to evaluate (1) the reliability of a focal mechanism solution inferred by the inversion of seismological data and (2) the performance of a seismic network, operated to monitor natural or induced seismicity, to assess focal mechanism solutions. As a test case, we studied the focal mechanism reliability by using synthetic data computed for ISNet, a local seismic network monitoring the Irpinia fault system (southern Italy).
Nicola Piana Agostinetti and Giulia Sgattoni
Solid Earth, 12, 2717–2733, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2717-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2717-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
One of the present-day challenges for geoscientists is tackling the big data revolution. An ever-growing amount of data needs to be processed and data are subjectively handled before using them to make inferences on the Earth’s interior. But imposing subjective decisions on the data might have strong influences on the final outputs. Here we present a totally novel and automatic application for screening the data and for defining data volumes that are consistent with physical hypotheses.
Felix N. Wolf, Dietrich Lange, Anke Dannowski, Martin Thorwart, Wayne Crawford, Lars Wiesenberg, Ingo Grevemeyer, Heidrun Kopp, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2597–2613, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2597-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2597-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Ligurian Sea opened ~30–15 Ma during SE migration of the Calabrian subduction zone. Using ambient seismic noise from stations on land and at the ocean bottom, we calculated a 3D shear-velocity model of the Ligurian Basin. In keeping with existing 2D studies, we find a shallow crust–mantle transition at the SW basin centre that deepens towards the northeast, Corsica, and the Liguro-Provençal coast. We observe a separation of SW and NE basins. We do not observe high crustal vP/vS ratios.
Ruth Keppler, Roman Vasin, Michael Stipp, Tomás Lokajícek, Matej Petruzálek, and Nikolaus Froitzheim
Solid Earth, 12, 2303–2326, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2303-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2303-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rocks in mountain belts have been deformed during continental collision causing a certain alignment of the minerals referred to as crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO). Minerals have anisotropic properties: the velocity of seismic waves travelling through them is direction dependent. This leads to anisotropy of the rocks. We measured the CPO of common rocks within the Alps. With this data and known anisotropic properties of the minerals we calculated the seismic anisotropy of the rocks.
Laura Peruzza, Alessandra Schibuola, Maria Adelaide Romano, Marco Garbin, Mariangela Guidarelli, Denis Sandron, and Enrico Priolo
Solid Earth, 12, 2021–2039, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2021-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2021-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In weakly seismic or poorly monitored areas, the uncritical use of earthquake catalogues can be misleading. This is the case for a central sector in the Po Valley, where the Northern Apennines and Southern Alps collide. We collect and reprocess the available instrumental data of about 300 earthquakes from 1951 to 2019. The seismicity is weak, deeper than expected, and far from some existing human activities carried out underground. The potential tectonic causative sources are still unknown.
Fabian Limberger, Michael Lindenfeld, Hagen Deckert, and Georg Rümpker
Solid Earth, 12, 1851–1864, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1851-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1851-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Frequency-dependent amplitude decays of seismic signals induced by wind turbines are determined from (up to) 6 months of continuous recordings measured along an 8 km profile located at a wind farm in Bavaria, Germany. The radiation pattern and amplitude decay of the induced signals are accounted for by an analytical approach that includes path and source effects. This approach is generalized to predict the characteristic seismic radiation patterns of arbitrary wind farm configurations.
Azam Jozi Najafabadi, Christian Haberland, Trond Ryberg, Vincent F. Verwater, Eline Le Breton, Mark R. Handy, Michael Weber, and the AlpArray and AlpArray SWATH-D working groups
Solid Earth, 12, 1087–1109, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1087-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1087-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study achieved high-precision hypocenters of 335 earthquakes (1–4.2 ML) and 1D velocity models of the Southern and Eastern Alps. The general pattern of seismicity reflects head-on convergence of the Adriatic Indenter with the Alpine orogenic crust. The relatively deeper seismicity in the eastern Southern Alps and Giudicarie Belt indicates southward propagation of the Southern Alpine deformation front. The derived hypocenters form excellent data for further seismological studies, e.g., LET.
Javier Ojeda and Sergio Ruiz
Solid Earth, 12, 1075–1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1075-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1075-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In Santiago, Chile, the lockdown imposed due to COVID-19 was recorded by seismological instruments. This analysis shows temporal changes in the surface vibrations controlled by lockdown phases, mobility, and epidemiological factors. Our findings suggest that
dynamic lockdownand the early deconfinement in April 2020 caused an increase in mobility and therefore virus transmission. We propose that seismic networks could be used to monitor urban mobility as a new proxy in public policies.
Jiří Kvapil, Jaroslava Plomerová, Hana Kampfová Exnerová, Vladislav Babuška, György Hetényi, and AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 1051–1074, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1051-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1051-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a high-resolution 3-D shear wave velocity (vS) model of the Bohemian Massif crust imaged from high-density data and enhanced depth sensitivity of tomographic inversion. The dominant features of the model are relatively higher vS in the upper crust than in its surrounding, a distinct intra-crustal interface, and a velocity decrease in the lower part of the crust. The low vS in the lower part of the crust is explained by the anisotropic fabric of the lower crust.
Martijn P. A. van den Ende and Jean-Paul Ampuero
Solid Earth, 12, 915–934, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-915-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-915-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an emerging technology that measures stretching of an optical-fibre cable. This technology can be used to record the ground shaking of earthquakes, which offers a cost-efficient alternative to conventional seismometers. Since DAS is relatively new, we need to verify that existing seismological methods can be applied to this new data type. In this study, we reveal several issues by comparing DAS with conventional seismometer data for earthquake localisation.
Mohammed Bello, David G. Cornwell, Nicholas Rawlinson, Anya M. Reading, and Othaniel K. Likkason
Solid Earth, 12, 463–481, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-463-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-463-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, ground motion caused by distant earthquakes recorded in southeast Australia is used to image the structure of the crust and underlying mantle. This part of the Australian continent was assembled over the last 500 million years, but it remains poorly understood. By studying variations in crustal properties and thickness, we find evidence for the presence of an old microcontinent that is embedded in the younger terrane and forms a connection between Victoria and Tasmania.
Kasper van Wijk, Calum J. Chamberlain, Thomas Lecocq, and Koen Van Noten
Solid Earth, 12, 363–373, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-363-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-363-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Auckland Volcanic Field is monitored by a seismic network. The lockdown measures to combat COVID-19 in New Zealand provided an opportunity to evaluate the performance of seismic stations in the network and to search for small(er) local earthquakes, potentially hidden in the noise during "normal" times. Cross-correlation of template events resulted in detection of 30 new events not detected by GeoNet, but there is no evidence of an increase in detections during the quiet period of lockdown.
Janneke van Ginkel, Elmer Ruigrok, and Rien Herber
Solid Earth, 11, 2015–2030, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2015-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2015-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge of subsurface velocities is key to understand how earthquake waves travel through the Earth. We present a method to construct velocity profiles for the upper sediment layer on top of the Groningen field, the Netherlands. Here, the soft-sediment layer causes resonance of seismic waves, and this resonance is used to compute velocities from. Recordings from large earthquakes and the background noise signals are used to derive reliable velocities for the deep sedimentary layer.
Ehsan Qorbani, Dimitri Zigone, Mark R. Handy, Götz Bokelmann, and AlpArray-EASI working group
Solid Earth, 11, 1947–1968, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1947-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1947-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The crustal structure of the Eastern and Southern Alps is complex. Although several seismological studies have targeted the crust, the velocity structure under this area is still not fully understood. Here we study the crustal velocity structure using seismic ambient noise tomography. Our high-resolution models image several velocity anomalies and contrasts and reveal details of the crustal structure. We discuss our new models of the crust with respect to the geologic and tectonic features.
Laura Ermert, Jonas Igel, Korbinian Sager, Eléonore Stutzmann, Tarje Nissen-Meyer, and Andreas Fichtner
Solid Earth, 11, 1597–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1597-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1597-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present an open-source tool to model ambient seismic auto- and cross-correlations with spatially varying source spectra. The modeling is based on pre-computed databases of seismic wave propagation, which can be obtained from public data providers. The aim of this tool is to facilitate the modeling of ambient noise correlations, which are an important seismologic observable, with realistic wave propagation physics. We present a description and benchmark along with example use cases.
Ben Moseley, Tarje Nissen-Meyer, and Andrew Markham
Solid Earth, 11, 1527–1549, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1527-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1527-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations of seismic waves are very important; they allow us to understand how earthquakes spread and how the interior of the Earth is structured. However, whilst powerful, existing simulation methods usually require a large amount of computational power and time to run. In this research, we use modern machine learning techniques to accelerate these calculations inside complex models of the Earth.
Antonio Villaseñor, Robert B. Herrmann, Beatriz Gaite, and Arantza Ugalde
Solid Earth, 11, 63–74, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-63-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-63-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present new earthquake focal depths and fault orientations for earthquakes that occurred in 2013 in the vicinity of an underground gas storage off the east coast of Spain. Our focal depths are in the range of 5–10 km, notably deeper than the depth of the gas injection (2 km). The obtained fault orientations also differ from the predominant faults at shallow depths. This suggests that the faults reactivated are deeper, previously unmapped faults occurring beneath the sedimentary layers.
Juvenal Andrés, Deyan Draganov, Martin Schimmel, Puy Ayarza, Imma Palomeras, Mario Ruiz, and Ramon Carbonell
Solid Earth, 10, 1937–1950, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1937-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1937-2019, 2019
Chisheng Wang, Junzhuo Ke, Jincheng Jiang, Min Lu, Wenqun Xiu, Peng Liu, and Qingquan Li
Solid Earth, 10, 1397–1407, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1397-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1397-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The point cloud of located aftershocks contains the information which can directly reveal the fault geometry and temporal evolution of an earthquake sequence. However, there is a lack of studies using state-of-the-art visual analytics methods to explore the data to discover hidden information about the earthquake fault. We present a novel interactive approach to illustrate 3-D aftershock point clouds, which can help the seismologist to better understand the complex fault system.
Michael Behm, Feng Cheng, Anna Patterson, and Gerilyn S. Soreghan
Solid Earth, 10, 1337–1354, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1337-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1337-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
New acquisition styles for active seismic source exploration provide a wealth of additional quasi-passive data. We show how these data can be used to gain complementary information about the subsurface. Specifically, we process an active-source dataset from an alpine valley in western Colorado with both active and passive inversion schemes. The results provide new insights on subsurface hydrology based on the ratio of P-wave and S-wave velocity structures.
Joeri Brackenhoff, Jan Thorbecke, and Kees Wapenaar
Solid Earth, 10, 1301–1319, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1301-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1301-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes in the subsurface are hard to monitor due to their complicated signals. We aim to make the monitoring of the subsurface possible by redatuming the sources and the receivers from the surface of the Earth to the subsurface to monitor earthquakes originating from small faults in the subsurface. By using several sources together, we create complex earthquake signals for large-scale faults sources.
Peter Klin, Giovanna Laurenzano, Maria Adelaide Romano, Enrico Priolo, and Luca Martelli
Solid Earth, 10, 931–949, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-931-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-931-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using geological and geophysical data, we set up a 3-D digital description of the underground structure in the central part of the Po alluvial plain. By means of computer-simulated propagation of seismic waves, we were able to identify the structural features that caused the unexpected elongation and amplification of the earthquake ground motion that was observed in the area during the 2012 seismic crisis. The study permits a deeper understanding of the seismic hazard in alluvial basins.
Andrew J. Calvert and Michael P. Doublier
Solid Earth, 10, 637–645, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-637-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-637-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Deep (> 40 km) seismic reflection surveys are acquired on land along crooked roads. Using the varying azimuth between source and receiver, the true 3-D orientation of crustal structures can be determined. Applying this method to a survey over the ancient Australian Yilgarn Craton reveals that most reflectors in the lower crust exhibit a systematic dip perpendicular to those in the overlying crust, consistent with lateral flow of a weak lower crust in the hotter early Earth 2.7 billion years ago.
Ruth A. Beckel and Christopher Juhlin
Solid Earth, 10, 581–598, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Scandinavia is crossed by extensive fault scarps that have likely been caused by huge earthquakes when the ice sheets of the last glacial melted. Due to the inaccessibility of the terrain, reflection seismic data have to be collected along crooked lines, which reduces the imaging quality unless special corrections are applied. We developed a new correction method that is very tolerant to noise and used it to improve the reflection image of such a fault and refine its geological interpretation.
Kees Wapenaar, Joeri Brackenhoff, and Jan Thorbecke
Solid Earth, 10, 517–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-517-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-517-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The earthquake seismology and seismic exploration communities have developed a variety of seismic imaging methods for passive- and active-source data. Despite the seemingly different approaches and underlying principles, many of these methods are based in some way or another on the same mathematical theorem. Starting with this theorem, we discuss a variety of classical and recent seismic imaging methods in a systematic way and explain their similarities and differences.
George Taylor, Sebastian Rost, Gregory A. Houseman, and Gregor Hillers
Solid Earth, 10, 363–378, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-363-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-363-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We constructed a seismic velocity model of the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey. We found that the fault is located within a region of reduced seismic velocity and skirts the edges of a geological unit that displays high seismic velocity, indicating that this unit could be stronger than the surrounding material. Furthermore, we found that seismic waves travel fastest in the NE–SW direction, which is the direction of maximum extension for this part of Turkey and indicates mineral alignment.
Haruo Sato
Solid Earth, 10, 275–292, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-275-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-275-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recent seismological observations clarified that the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle is randomly heterogeneous. I compile reported power spectral density functions of random velocity fluctuations based on various types of measurements. Their spectral envelope is approximated by the third power of wavenumber. It is interesting to study what kinds of geophysical processes created such a power-law spectral envelope at different scales and in different geological environments.
Peter Gaebler, Lars Ceranna, Nima Nooshiri, Andreas Barth, Simone Cesca, Michaela Frei, Ilona Grünberg, Gernot Hartmann, Karl Koch, Christoph Pilger, J. Ole Ross, and Torsten Dahm
Solid Earth, 10, 59–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-59-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-59-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
On 3 September 2017 official channels of the Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea announced the successful test of a nuclear device. This study provides a
multi-technology analysis of the 2017 North Korean event and its aftermath using a wide array of geophysical methods (seismology, infrasound, remote sensing, radionuclide monitoring, and atmospheric transport modeling). Our results clearly indicate that the September 2017 North Korean event was in fact a nuclear test.
Claudia Werner and Erik H. Saenger
Solid Earth, 9, 1487–1505, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1487-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1487-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Time reverse imaging is a method for locating quasi-simultaneous or low-amplitude earthquakes. Numerous three-dimensional synthetic simulations were performed to discover the influence of station distributions, complex velocity models and high noise rates on the reliability of localisations. The guidelines obtained enable the estimation of the localisation success rates of an existing station set-up and provide the basis for designing new arrays.
Cited articles
Adamatzky, A. and Martínez, G. J.: Designing beauty: The art of cellular
automata, Vol. 20, Springer International Publishing AG, Switzerland, 2016. a
Andersen, J. V., Sornette, D., and Leung, K.-T.: Tricritical behavior in
rupture induced by disorder, Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 2140, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.2140, 1997. a
Bak, P. and Creutz, M.: Fractals and self-organized criticality, in: Fractals
in science, 27–48, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 1994. a
Barriere, B. and Turcotte, D.: Seismicity and self-organized criticality,
Phys. Rev. E, 49, 1151, https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.49.1151, 1994. a, b, c
Bezanson, J., Edelman, A., Karpinski, S., and Shah, V. B.: Julia: A fresh
approach to numerical computing, SIAM Rev., 59, 65–98,
https://doi.org/10.1137/141000671, 2017. a
Bhattacharya, P., Chakrabarti, B. K., and Samanta, D.: Fractal models of
earthquake dynamics, Reviews of Nonlinear Dynamics and Complexity, edited by: Schuster, H. G., 107–158, Wiley – VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2009. a
Castellaro, S. and Mulargia, F.: A simple but effective cellular automaton for
earthquakes, Geophys. J. Int., 144, 609–624, 2001. a
Daniels, H.: The statistical theory of the strength of bundles of threads. I,
P. Roy. Soc. Lond. A Mat., 183, 405–435, 1945. a
Davidsen, J. and Baiesi, M.: Self-similar aftershock rates, Phys. Rev. E,
94, 022314, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.94.022314, 2016. a
Eneva, M.: Monofractal or multifractal: a case study of spatial distribution of mining-induced seismic activity, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 1, 182–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-1-182-1994, 1994. a
Evernden, J.: Study of regional seismicity and associated problems, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 60, 393–446, 1970. a
Feder, J.: Fractals (physics of solids and liquids), Plennum, New York, 1988. a
Georgoudas, I. G., Sirakoulis, G. C., and Andreadis, I.: Modelling earthquake
activity features using cellular automata, Math. Comput.
Model., 46, 124–137, 2007. a
Godano, C., Alonzo, M., and Bottari, A.: Multifractal analysis of the spatial
distribution of earthquakes in southern Italy, Geophys. J.
Int., 125, 901–911, 1996. a
Goltz, C.: Fractal and chaotic properties of earthquakes, in: Fractal and
Chaotic Properties of Earthquakes, 3–164, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 1997. a
Gómez, J., Moreno, Y., and Pacheco, A.: Probabilistic approach to
time-dependent load-transfer models of fracture, Phys. Rev. E, 58, 1528, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.58.1528,
1998. a
Grassberger, P. and Procaccia, I.: Measuring the strangeness of strange
attractors, Physica D, 9, 189–208, 1983. a
Hanks, T. and Bakun, W. H.: M-log A observations of recent large earthquakes,
B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 98, 490–494, 2008. a
Hansen, A., Hemmer, P. C., and Pradhan, S.: The fiber bundle model: modeling
failure in materials, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2015. a
Hauksson, E., Jones, L. M., and Hutton, K.: The 1994 Northridge earthquake
sequence in California: Seismological and tectonic aspects, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 100, 12335–12355, 1995. a
Kagan, Y. and Knopoff, L.: Spatial distribution of earthquakes: the two-point
correlation function, Geophys. J. Int., 62, 303–320, 1980. a
Kawamura, H., Hatano, T., Kato, N., Biswas, S., and Chakrabarti, B. K.:
Statistical physics of fracture, friction, and earthquakes, Rev. Mod. Phys., 84, 839–884, https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.84.839, 2012. a
Kloster, M., Hansen, A., and Hemmer, P. C.: Burst avalanches in solvable models
of fibrous materials, Phys. Rev. E, 56, 2615–2625, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.56.2615, 1997. a
Korvin, G.: Fractal models in the earth sciences, Elsevier Science Ltd, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1992. a
Kroll, K. A.: Complex Faulting in the Yuha Desert: Implications for Fault
Interaction, University of California, Riverside, 2012. a
Kun, F., Raischel, F., Hidalgo, R., and Herrmann, H.: Extensions of fibre
bundle models, Modelling critical and catastrophic phenomena in geoscience, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany,
57–92, 2006b. a
Lana, X., Martínez, M. D., Posadas, A. M., and Canas, J. A.: Fractal behaviour of the seismicity in the Southern Iberian Peninsula, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 12, 353–361, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-12-353-2005, 2005. a
Legrand, D., Villagómez, D., Yepes, H., and Calahorrano, A.: Multifractal
dimension and b value analysis of the 1998–1999 Quito swarm related to
Guagua Pichincha volcano activity, Ecuador, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 109, B01307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002572, 2004. a
Lomnitz, C.: Fundamentals of earthquake prediction, Wiley, New York, USA, 1994. a
Mandelbrot, B. B.: Multifractal measures, especially for the geophysicist, Pure
Appl. Geophys., 131, 5–42, 1989. a
Mandelbrot, B. B. and Pignoni, R.: The fractal geometry of nature, Vol. 173, WH Freeman, New York, 1983. a
Márquez-Rámirez, V. H., Nava Pichardo, F. A., and Reyes-Dávila, G.:
Multifractality in Seismicity Spatial Distributions: Significance and
Possible Precursory Applications as Found for Two Cases in Different Tectonic
Environments, Pure Appl. Geophys., 169, 2091–2105,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-012-0473-9, 2012. a
Monterrubio-Velasco, M., Carrasco-Jiménez, J., Castillo-Reyes, O., Cucchieti,
F., and de la Puente J.: A Machine Learning Approach for Parameter Screening
in Earthquake Simulation, High Performance Machine Learning Workshop, 24–27 September 2018, Lyon, France, https://doi.org/10.1109/CAHPC.2018.8645865,
2018. a, b, c, d, e, f
Monterrubio-Velasco, M., Rodríguez-Pérez, Q., Zúñiga, R., Scholz, D., Aguilar-Meléndez, A., and de la Puente, J.: A stochastic rupture earthquake code based on the fiber bundle model (TREMOL v0.1): application to Mexican subduction earthquakes, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1809–1831, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1809-2019, 2019. a, b
Moral, L., Gomez, J., Moreno, Y., and Pacheco, A.: Exact numerical solution for
a time-dependent fibre-bundle model with continuous damage, J.
Physica A, 34, 9983, https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/34/47/305, 2001a. a, b
Moral, L., Moreno, Y., Gómez, J., and Pacheco, A.: Time dependence of
breakdown in a global fiber-bundle model with continuous damage, Phys.
Rev. E, 63, 066106, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.63.066106, 2001b. a
Moreno, Y., Gómez, J., and Pacheco, A.: Self-organized criticality in a
fibre-bundle-type model, Physica A, 274, 400–409, 1999. a
Nanjo, K. and Turcotte, D.: Damage and rheology in a fibre-bundle model,
Geophys. J. Int., 162, 859–866, 2005. a
Nanjo, K., Nagahama, H., and Satomura, M.: Rates of aftershock decay and the
fractal structure of active fault systems, Tectonophysics, 287, 173–186,
1998. a
Norris, R. M. and Webb, R. W.: Geology of California, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA, 1990. a
Ogata, Y.: Seismicity analysis through Point-process modeling, Geophys. J. Int.,
155, 471–507, 1999. a
Olami, Z., Feder, H. J. S., and Christensen, K.: Self-organized criticality in
a continuous, nonconservative cellular automaton modeling earthquakes,
Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, 1244–1247, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.1244, 1992. a
Peirce, F. T.: Tensile tests for cotton yarns: “the weakest link” theorems
on the strength of long and of composite specimens, J. Textile Inst., 17,
355–368, 1926. a
Phoenix, S. L. and Beyerlein, I.: Statistical strength theory for fibrous
composite materials, Comprehensive Composite Materials, 1, 559–639, 2000. a
Pradhan, S. and Chakrabarti, B. K.: Failure properties of fiber bundle models,
Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 17, 5565–5581, 2003. a
Pradhan, S., Hansen, A., and Chakrabarti, B. K.: Failure processes in elastic
fiber bundles, Rev. Mod. Phys., 82, 499–555, https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.499, 2010. a, b, c
Sadovskiy, M., Golubeva, T., Pisarenko, V., and Shnirman, M.: Characteristic
dimensions of rock and hierarchical properties of seismicity, Izvestiya,
Academy of Sciences, USSR, Physics of the Solid Earth, 20, 87–96, 1984. a
Savage, J. and Svarc, J.: Postseismic relaxation following the 1994 Mw6. 7
Northridge earthquake, southern California, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 115, B01401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007754, 2010. a
Scholz, C.: Spontaneous formation of space-time structures and criticality, edited by:
Riste, T. and Sherrington, D., Springer, New York, USA, p. 41, 1991. a
Scholz, C. H.: The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2002. a
Segall, P. and Pollard, D.: Mechanics of discontinuous faults, J.
Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 85, 4337–4350, 1980. a
Shi, Y. and Bolt, B. A.: The standard error of the magnitude-frequency b value,
B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 72, 1677–1687, 1982. a
Sornette, D.: Elasticity and failure of a set of elements loaded in parallel,
J. Phys. A, 22, L243, https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/22/6/010, 1989. a
Stein, R. S.: The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence, Nature,
402, 605–609, https://doi.org/10.1038/45144, 1999. a, b
Stirling, M. and Goded, T.: Magnitude Scaling Relationships, GNS Science
Miscellaneous Series, 42, 1–35, 2012. a
Svalova, V.: Earthquakes: Forecast, Prognosis and Earthquake Resistant
Construction, BoD – Books on Demand, https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71298, 2018. a
Thio, H. K. and Kanamori, H.: Source complexity of the 1994 Northridge
earthquake and its relation to aftershock mechanisms, B.
Seismol. Soc. Am., 86, S84–S92, 1996. a
Turcotte, D. L., Newman, W. I., and Shcherbakov, R.: Micro and macroscopic
models of rock fracture, Geophys. J. Int., 152, 718–728,
2003. a
Scientists of the U.S. Geological Survey: The Magnitude 6.7 Northridge, California, Earthquake of 17
January 1994, Science, 266, 389–397, 1994. a
Vázquez-Prada, M., Gómez, J., Moreno, Y., and Pacheco, A.: Time to
failure of hierarchical load-transfer models of fracture, Phys. Rev. E,
60, 2581–2594, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.60.2581, 1999. a
Wallace, R. E.: Active faults, paleoseismology, and earthquake hazards in the
western United States, Earthquake Prediction, American Geophysical Union, Maurice Ewing Series 4, Washington, D.C., USA, 209–216, 1981. a
Wesnousky, S. G.: The Gutenberg-Richter or characteristic earthquake
distribution, which is it?, B. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
84, 1940–1959, 1994. a
Wiemer, S. and Wyss, M.: Minimum magnitude of completeness in earthquake
catalogs: Examples from Alaska, the western United States, and Japan,
B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 90, 859–869, 2000. a
Yewande, O. E., Moreno, Y., Kun, F., Hidalgo, R. C., and Herrmann, H. J.: Time
evolution of damage under variable ranges of load transfer, Phys. Rev.
E, 68, 026116, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.026116, 2003. a
Zuniga, F. R. and Wyss, M.: Most-and least-likely locations of large to great
earthquakes along the Pacific coast of Mexico estimated from local recurrence
times based on b-values, B. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
91, 1717–1728, 2001. a
Short summary
Earthquake aftershocks display spatiotemporal correlations arising from their self-organized critical behavior. Stochastical models such as the fiber bundle (FBM) permit the use of an analog of the physical model that produces a statistical behavior with many similarities to real series. In this work, a new model based on FBM that includes geometrical faults systems is proposed. Our analysis focuses on aftershock statistics, and as a study case we modeled the Northridge sequence.
Earthquake aftershocks display spatiotemporal correlations arising from their self-organized...
