Articles | Volume 11, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2169-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2169-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Nov 2020
Research article |
| 19 Nov 2020
| 19 Nov 2020
Structural control on fluid flow and shallow diagenesis: insights from calcite cementation along deformation bands in porous sandstones
Leonardo Del Sole
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
BiGeA – Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental
Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 67, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Marco Antonellini
BiGeA – Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental
Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 67, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Roger Soliva
Laboratoire Géosciences Montpellier, Université de
Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Montpellier, France
Gregory Ballas
Laboratoire Géosciences Montpellier, Université de
Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Montpellier, France
Fabrizio Balsamo
Next, Natural and Experimental Tectonic Research Group, Department of
Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of
Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 157A, 43124 Parma, Italy
Giulio Viola
BiGeA – Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental
Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 67, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Related authors
No articles found.
Riccardo Asti, Selina Bonini, Giulio Viola, and Gianluca Vignaroli
Solid Earth, 15, 1525–1551, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study addresses the tectonic evolution of the seismogenic Monti Martani Fault System (northern Apennines, Italy). By applying a field-based structural geology approach, we reconstruct the evolution of the stress field and we challenge the current interpretation of the fault system in terms of both geometry and state of activity. We stress that the peculiar behavior of this system during post-orogenic extension is still significantly influenced by the pre-orogenic structural template.
Maxime Jamet, Gregory Ballas, Roger Soliva, Olivier Gerbeaud, Thierry Lefebvre, Christine Leredde, and Didier Loggia
Solid Earth, 15, 895–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-895-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-895-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterizes the Tchirezrine II sandstone reservoir in northern Niger. Crucial for potential uranium in situ recovery (ISR), our multifaceted approach reveals (i) a network of homogeneously distributed orthogonal structures, (ii) the impact of clustered E–W fault structures on anisotropic fluid flow, and (iii) local changes in the matrix behaviour of the reservoir as a function of the density and nature of the deformation structure.
Matthew S. Hodge, Guri Venvik, Jochen Knies, Roelant van der Lelij, Jasmin Schönenberger, Øystein Nordgulen, Marco Brönner, Aziz Nasuti, and Giulio Viola
Solid Earth, 15, 589–615, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-589-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-589-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Smøla island, in the mid-Norwegian margin, has complex fracture and fault patterns resulting from tectonic activity. This study uses a multiple-method approach to unravel Smøla's tectonic history. We found five different phases of deformation related to various fracture geometries and minerals dating back hundreds of millions of years. 3D models of these features visualise these structures in space. This approach may help us to understand offshore oil and gas reservoirs hosted in the basement.
Emilia Chiapponi, Sonia Silvestri, Denis Zannoni, Marco Antonellini, and Beatrice M. S. Giambastiani
Biogeosciences, 21, 73–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-73-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-73-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal wetlands are important for their ability to store carbon, but they also emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas. This study conducted in four wetlands in Ravenna, Italy, aims at understanding how environmental factors affect greenhouse gas emissions. Temperature and irradiance increased emissions from water and soil, while water column depth and salinity limited them. Understanding environmental factors is crucial for mitigating climate change in wetland ecosystems.
Mattia Pizzati, Luciana Mantovani, Antonio Lisotti, Fabrizio Storti, and Fabrizio Balsamo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2636, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2636, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This work proposes a new equation to calculate the 3D average particle diameter from 2D datasets acquired through image analysis technique applied on thin sectioned granular materials (loose sands with different textural and mineralogical features). The employed volume-weighted mean diameter equation provides matching results with data gained by laser granulometry and could be applied in many research areas spanning from Earth Sciences, Engineering and Material Sciences.
Gerardo Romano, Marco Antonellini, Domenico Patella, Agata Siniscalchi, Andrea Tallarico, Simona Tripaldi, and Antonello Piombo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2719–2735, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2719-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2719-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Nirano Salse (northern Apennines, Italy) is characterized by several active mud vents and hosts thousands of visitors every year. New resistivity models describe the area down to 250 m, improving our geostructural knowledge of the area and giving useful indications for a better understanding of mud volcano dynamics and for the better planning of safer tourist access to the area.
Alberto Ceccato, Giulia Tartaglia, Marco Antonellini, and Giulio Viola
Solid Earth, 13, 1431–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Earth's surface is commonly characterized by the occurrence of fractures, which can be mapped, and their can be geometry quantified on digital representations of the surface at different scales of observation. Here we present a series of analytical and statistical tools, which can aid the quantification of fracture spatial distribution at different scales. In doing so, we can improve our understanding of how fracture geometry and geology affect fluid flow within the fractured Earth crust.
Giulio Viola, Giovanni Musumeci, Francesco Mazzarini, Lorenzo Tavazzani, Manuel Curzi, Espen Torgersen, Roelant van der Lelij, and Luca Aldega
Solid Earth, 13, 1327–1351, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1327-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1327-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A structural-geochronological approach helps to unravel the Zuccale Fault's architecture. By mapping its internal structure and dating some of its fault rocks, we constrained a deformation history lasting 20 Myr starting at ca. 22 Ma. Such long activity is recorded by now tightly juxtaposed brittle structural facies, i.e. different types of fault rocks. Our results also have implications on the regional evolution of the northern Apennines, of which the Zuccale Fault is an important structure.
Gaétan Milesi, Patrick Monié, Philippe Münch, Roger Soliva, Audrey Taillefer, Olivier Bruguier, Mathieu Bellanger, Michaël Bonno, and Céline Martin
Solid Earth, 11, 1747–1771, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1747-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1747-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a new way to highlight hydrothermal fluid circulations and thermal anomalies in the Earth's crust with a combined evaluation of the age of granite and gneiss apatites (< 200 µm) as well as the behaviour of their chemical elements. As an exploration tool, this approach is very promising and complementary to other geothermal exploration techniques based on numerical modelling. Moreover, it is a cost-effective tool as it allows for constraining geothermal models.
Marco Antonellini, Beatrice Maria Sole Giambastiani, Nicolas Greggio, Luciana Bonzi, Lorenzo Calabrese, Paolo Luciani, Luisa Perini, and Paolo Severi
Proc. IAHS, 382, 263–268, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-263-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-263-2020, 2020
Francesca Prando, Luca Menegon, Mark Anderson, Barbara Marchesini, Jussi Mattila, and Giulio Viola
Solid Earth, 11, 489–511, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-489-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-489-2020, 2020
Mahtab Mozafari, Rudy Swennen, Fabrizio Balsamo, Hamdy El Desouky, Fabrizio Storti, and Conxita Taberner
Solid Earth, 10, 1355–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1355-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1355-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The dolomitized intervals of the Lower Jurassic deposits exposed in the Montagna dei Fiori Anticline (Central Apennines, Italy) have been investigated. Accordingly, two fault-related dolomitization events were recognised and interpreted as having occurred before and during the Apenninic orogeny. The analyses suggest significant involvement of evaporitic fluids in both events, most likely derived from the underlying Upper Triassic Burano Formation in the detachment level.
Roger Soliva, Frantz Maerten, Laurent Maerten, and Jussi Mattila
Solid Earth, 10, 1141–1154, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1141-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1141-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We propose innovative parametric modeling allowing for analysis of a very large number of fault-slip numerical simulations on 3-D discrete fault network. The approach allows for the first time producing failure envelopes of large rock volumes containing faults, using variations of geological conditions such as remote stresses, cohesion, friction, and fluid pressure. This tool helps to define the most conservative fault slip hazard case or to account for potential uncertainties in the input data.
Barbara Marchesini, Paolo Stefano Garofalo, Luca Menegon, Jussi Mattila, and Giulio Viola
Solid Earth, 10, 809–838, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-809-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-809-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We documented the role of fluids in the initial embrittlement of the Svecofennian basement and subsequent strain localization and fault evolution at the brittle–ductile transition zone. We studied the fault rocks of a deeply exhumed fault system characterized by mixed brittle–ductile deformation. Results from fluid inclusions, mineral chemistry, and geothermometry of synkinematic minerals document the ingress of distinct fluid batches and fluid pressure oscillations.
Mirko Carlini, Giulio Viola, Jussi Mattila, and Luca Castellucci
Solid Earth, 10, 343–356, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-343-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-343-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Physical properties of layered sedimentary rocks affect nucleation and propagation of discontinuities therein. Fractures developing through sedimentary sequences characterized by the alternation of strong and weak layers are strongly deviated along their track at layers’ boundaries, and depending on the layer they cross-cut, they show very thick (strong layers) or very thin (weak layers) infills of precipitated minerals, potentially representing pathways for ore deposits and oil/water resources.
Related subject area
Subject area: Tectonic plate interactions, magma genesis, and lithosphere deformation at all scales | Editorial team: Structural geology and tectonics, paleoseismology, rock physics, experimental deformation | Discipline: Structural geology
Reconciling post-orogenic faulting, paleostress evolution, and structural inheritance in the seismogenic northern Apennines (Italy): insights from the Monti Martani Fault System
Understanding the stress field at the lateral termination of a thrust fold using generic geomechanical models and clustering methods
Localized shear and distributed strain accumulation as competing shear accommodation mechanisms in crustal shear zones: constraining their dictating factors
Influence of water on crystallographic preferred orientation patterns in a naturally deformed quartzite
Geomorphic expressions of active rifting reflect the role of structural inheritance: a new model for the evolution of the Shanxi Rift, northern China
Driven magmatism and crustal thinning of coastal southern China in response to subduction
Selection and characterization of the target fault for fluid-induced activation and earthquake rupture experiments
Naturally fractured reservoir characterisation in heterogeneous sandstones: insight for uranium in situ recovery (Imouraren, Niger)
Earthquake swarms frozen in an exhumed hydrothermal system (Bolfin Fault Zone, Chile)
Multiscalar 3D temporal structural characterisation of Smøla island, mid-Norwegian passive margin: an analogue for unravelling the tectonic history of offshore basement highs
Impact of faults on the remote stress state
Subduction plate interface shear stress associated with rapid subduction at deep slow earthquake depths: example from the Sanbagawa belt, southwestern Japan
Multiple phase rifting and subsequent inversion in the West Netherlands Basin: implications for geothermal reservoir characterization
Analogue modelling of basin inversion: implications for the Araripe Basin (Brazil)
Natural fracture patterns at Swift Reservoir anticline, NW Montana: the influence of structural position and lithology from multiple observation scales
Rapid hydration and weakening of anhydrite under stress: implications for natural hydration in the Earth's crust and mantle
Analogue experiments on releasing and restraining bends and their application to the study of the Barents Shear Margin
Structural framework and timing of the Pahtohavare Cu ± Au deposits, Kiruna mining district, Sweden
Does the syn- versus post-rift thickness ratio have an impact on the inversion-related structural style?
Inversion of accommodation zones in salt-bearing extensional systems: insights from analog modeling
Structural control of inherited salt structures during inversion of a domino basement-fault system from an analogue modelling approach
Kinematics and time-resolved evolution of the main thrust-sense shear zone in the Eo-Alpine orogenic wedge (the Vinschgau Shear Zone, eastern Alps)
Role of inheritance during tectonic inversion of a rift system in basement-involved to salt-decoupled transition: analogue modelling and application to the Pyrenean–Biscay system
Water release and homogenization by dynamic recrystallization of quartz
Hydrothermal activity of the Lake Abhe geothermal field (Djibouti): Structural controls and paths for further exploration
Time-dependent frictional properties of granular materials used in analogue modelling: implications for mimicking fault healing during reactivation and inversion
Large grain-size-dependent rheology contrasts of halite at low differential stress: evidence from microstructural study of naturally deformed gneissic Zechstein 2 rock salt (Kristallbrockensalz) from the northern Netherlands
Analogue modelling of the inversion of multiple extensional basins in foreland fold-and-thrust belts
A contribution to the quantification of crustal shortening and kinematics of deformation across the Western Andes ( ∼ 20–22° S)
Rift thermal inheritance in the SW Alps (France): insights from RSCM thermometry and 1D thermal numerical modelling
The Luangwa Rift Active Fault Database and fault reactivation along the southwestern branch of the East African Rift
Clustering has a meaning: optimization of angular similarity to detect 3D geometric anomalies in geological terrains
Shear zone evolution and the path of earthquake rupture
Mechanical compaction mechanisms in the input sediments of the Sumatra subduction complex – insights from microstructural analysis of cores from IODP Expedition 362
Detecting micro fractures: a comprehensive comparison of conventional and machine-learning-based segmentation methods
Multiscale lineament analysis and permeability heterogeneity of fractured crystalline basement blocks
Structural characterization and K–Ar illite dating of reactivated, complex and heterogeneous fault zones: lessons from the Zuccale Fault, Northern Apennines
How do differences in interpreting seismic images affect estimates of geological slip rates?
Progressive veining during peridotite carbonation: insights from listvenites in Hole BT1B, Samail ophiolite (Oman)
Tectonic evolution of the Indio Hills segment of the San Andreas fault in southern California, southwestern USA
Structural diagenesis in ultra-deep tight sandstones in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, China
Variscan structures and their control on latest to post-Variscan basin architecture: insights from the westernmost Bohemian Massif and southeastern Germany
Multi-disciplinary characterizations of the BedrettoLab – a new underground geoscience research facility
Biotite supports long-range diffusive transport in dissolution–precipitation creep in halite through small porosity fluctuations
De-risking the energy transition by quantifying the uncertainties in fault stability
Virtual field trip to the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): delivering traditional geological mapping skills remotely using real data
Marine forearc structure of eastern Java and its role in the 1994 Java tsunami earthquake
Roughness of fracture surfaces in numerical models and laboratory experiments
Impact of basement thrust faults on low-angle normal faults and rift basin evolution: a case study in the Enping sag, Pearl River Basin
Evidence for and significance of the Late Cretaceous Asteroussia event in the Gondwanan Ios basement terranes
Riccardo Asti, Selina Bonini, Giulio Viola, and Gianluca Vignaroli
Solid Earth, 15, 1525–1551, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study addresses the tectonic evolution of the seismogenic Monti Martani Fault System (northern Apennines, Italy). By applying a field-based structural geology approach, we reconstruct the evolution of the stress field and we challenge the current interpretation of the fault system in terms of both geometry and state of activity. We stress that the peculiar behavior of this system during post-orogenic extension is still significantly influenced by the pre-orogenic structural template.
Anthony Adwan, Bertrand Maillot, Pauline Souloumiac, Christophe Barnes, Christophe Nussbaum, Meinert Rahn, and Thomas Van Stiphout
Solid Earth, 15, 1445–1463, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1445-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1445-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use computer simulations to study how stress is distributed in large-scale geological models, focusing on how fault lines behave under pressure. By running many 2D and 3D simulations with varying conditions, we discover patterns in how faults form and interact. Our findings reveal that even small changes in conditions can lead to different stress outcomes. This research helps us better understand earthquake mechanics and could improve predictions of fault behavior in real-world scenarios.
Pramit Chatterjee, Arnab Roy, and Nibir Mandal
Solid Earth, 15, 1281–1301, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding strain accumulation processes in shear zones is essential for explaining failure mechanisms at great crustal depths. This study explores the rheological and kinematic factors determining the varying modes of shear accommodation in natural shear zones. Numerical simulations suggest that an interplay of parameters – initial viscosity, bulk shear rate, and internal cohesion – governs the dominance of one accommodation mechanism over another.
Jeffrey M. Rahl, Brendan Moehringer, Kenneth S. Befus, and John S. Singleton
Solid Earth, 15, 1233–1240, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1233-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1233-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
At the high temperatures present in the deeper crust, minerals such as quartz can flow much like silly putty. The detailed mechanisms of how atoms are reorganized depends upon several factors, such as the temperature and the rate of which the mineral changes shape. We present observations from a naturally deformed rock showing that the amount of water present also influences the type of deformation in quartz, with implications for geological interpretations.
Malte Froemchen, Ken J. W. McCaffrey, Mark B. Allen, Jeroen van Hunen, Thomas B. Phillips, and Yueren Xu
Solid Earth, 15, 1203–1231, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1203-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1203-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Shanxi Rift is a young, active rift in northern China that formed atop a Proterozoic orogen. The impact of these structures on active rift faults is poorly understood. Here, we quantify the landscape response to active faulting and compare it with published maps of inherited structures. We find that inherited structures played an important role in the segmentation of the Shanxi Rift and in the development of rift interaction zones, which are the most active regions in the Shanxi Rift.
Jinbao Su, Wenbin Zhu, and Guangwei Li
Solid Earth, 15, 1133–1141, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The late Mesozoic igneous rocks in the South China Block exhibit flare-ups and lulls, which form in compressional or extensional backgrounds. The ascending of magma forms a mush-like head and decreases crustal thickness. The presence of faults and pre-existing magmas will accelerate emplacement of underplating magma. The magmatism at different times may be formed under similar subduction conditions, and the boundary compression forces will delay magma ascent.
Peter Achtziger-Zupančič, Alberto Ceccato, Alba Simona Zappone, Giacomo Pozzi, Alexis Shakas, Florian Amann, Whitney Maria Behr, Daniel Escallon Botero, Domenico Giardini, Marian Hertrich, Mohammadreza Jalali, Xiaodong Ma, Men-Andrin Meier, Julian Osten, Stefan Wiemer, and Massimo Cocco
Solid Earth, 15, 1087–1112, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1087-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1087-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We detail the selection and characterization of a fault zone for earthquake experiments in the Fault Activation and Earthquake Ruptures (FEAR) project at the Bedretto Lab. FEAR, which studies earthquake processes, overcame data collection challenges near faults. The fault zone in Rotondo granite was selected based on geometry, monitorability, and hydro-mechanical properties. Remote sensing, borehole logging, and geological mapping were used to create a 3D model for precise monitoring.
Maxime Jamet, Gregory Ballas, Roger Soliva, Olivier Gerbeaud, Thierry Lefebvre, Christine Leredde, and Didier Loggia
Solid Earth, 15, 895–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-895-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-895-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterizes the Tchirezrine II sandstone reservoir in northern Niger. Crucial for potential uranium in situ recovery (ISR), our multifaceted approach reveals (i) a network of homogeneously distributed orthogonal structures, (ii) the impact of clustered E–W fault structures on anisotropic fluid flow, and (iii) local changes in the matrix behaviour of the reservoir as a function of the density and nature of the deformation structure.
Simone Masoch, Giorgio Pennacchioni, Michele Fondriest, Rodrigo Gomila, Piero Poli, José Cembrano, and Giulio Di Toro
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.171995191.13613873/v1, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.171995191.13613873/v1, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate an exhumed hydrothermal system in the Atacama Desert (Chile) to understand how earthquake swarms form. Wall-rocks near fault-veins experienced high-stress pulses, and fault-veins underwent cyclic crack opening and shearing. These findings suggest ancient earthquake swarm activity, from dynamic crack propagation to repeated crack opening and shearing. This system represents a unique geological record of earthquake swarms, providing insight into their initiation and evolution.
Matthew S. Hodge, Guri Venvik, Jochen Knies, Roelant van der Lelij, Jasmin Schönenberger, Øystein Nordgulen, Marco Brönner, Aziz Nasuti, and Giulio Viola
Solid Earth, 15, 589–615, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-589-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-589-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Smøla island, in the mid-Norwegian margin, has complex fracture and fault patterns resulting from tectonic activity. This study uses a multiple-method approach to unravel Smøla's tectonic history. We found five different phases of deformation related to various fracture geometries and minerals dating back hundreds of millions of years. 3D models of these features visualise these structures in space. This approach may help us to understand offshore oil and gas reservoirs hosted in the basement.
Karsten Reiter, Oliver Heidbach, and Moritz O. Ziegler
Solid Earth, 15, 305–327, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is generally assumed that faults have an influence on the stress state of the Earth’s crust. It is questionable whether this influence is still present far away from a fault. Simple numerical models were used to investigate the extent of the influence of faults on the stress state. Several models with different fault representations were investigated. The stress fluctuations further away from the fault (> 1 km) are very small.
Yukinojo Koyama, Simon R. Wallis, and Takayoshi Nagaya
Solid Earth, 15, 143–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Stress along a subduction plate boundary is important for understanding subduction phenomena such as earthquakes. We estimated paleo-stress using quartz recrystallized grain size combined with deformation temperature and P–T paths of exhumed rocks. The obtained results show differential stresses of 30.8–82.7 MPa consistent over depths of 17–27 km in the paleo-subduction boundary. The obtained stress may represent the initial conditions under which slow earthquakes nucleated in the same domain.
Annelotte Weert, Kei Ogata, Francesco Vinci, Coen Leo, Giovanni Bertotti, Jerome Amory, and Stefano Tavani
Solid Earth, 15, 121–141, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
On the road to a sustainable planet, geothermal energy is considered one of the main substitutes when it comes to heating. The geological history of an area can have a major influence on the application of these geothermal systems, as demonstrated in the West Netherlands Basin. Here, multiple episodes of rifting and subsequent basin inversion have controlled the distribution of the reservoir rocks, thus influencing the locations where geothermal energy can be exploited.
Pâmela C. Richetti, Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Renata S. Schmitt, and Timothy C. Schmid
Solid Earth, 14, 1245–1266, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1245-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1245-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Araripe Basin in NE Brazil was originally formed during Cretaceous times, as South America and Africa broke up. The basin is an important analogue to offshore South Atlantic break-up basins; its sediments were uplifted and are now found at 1000 m height, allowing for studies thereof, but the cause of the uplift remains debated. Here we ran a series of tectonic laboratory experiments that show how a specific plate tectonic configuration can explain the evolution of the Araripe Basin.
Adam J. Cawood, Hannah Watkins, Clare E. Bond, Marian J. Warren, and Mark A. Cooper
Solid Earth, 14, 1005–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1005-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1005-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we test conceptual models of fracture development by investigating fractures across multiple scales. We find that most fractures increase in abundance towards the fold hinge, and we interpret these as being fold related. Other fractures at the site show inconsistent orientations and are unrelated to fold formation. Our results show that predicting fracture patterns requires the consideration of multiple geologic variables.
Johanna Heeb, David Healy, Nicholas E. Timms, and Enrique Gomez-Rivas
Solid Earth, 14, 985–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hydration of rocks is a key process in the Earth’s crust and mantle that is accompanied by changes in physical traits and mechanical behaviour of rocks. This study assesses the influence of stress on hydration reaction kinetics and mechanics in experiments on anhydrite. We show that hydration occurs readily under stress and results in localized hydration along fractures and mechanic weakening. New gypsum growth is selective and depends on the stress field and host anhydrite crystal orientation.
Roy Helge Gabrielsen, Panagiotis Athanasios Giannenas, Dimitrios Sokoutis, Ernst Willingshofer, Muhammad Hassaan, and Jan Inge Faleide
Solid Earth, 14, 961–983, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-961-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-961-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Barents Shear Margin defines the border between the relatively shallow Barents Sea that is situated on a continental plate and the deep ocean. This margin's evolution history was probably influenced by plate tectonic reorganizations. From scaled experiments, we deduced several types of structures (faults, folds, and sedimentary basins) that help us to improve the understanding of the history of the opening of the North Atlantic.
Leslie Logan, Ervin Veress, Joel B. H. Andersson, Olof Martinsson, and Tobias E. Bauer
Solid Earth, 14, 763–784, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-763-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-763-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Pahtohavare Cu ± Au deposits in the Kiruna mining district have a dubious timing of formation and have not been contextualized within an up-to-date tectonic framework. Structural mapping was carried out to reveal that the deposits are hosted in brittle structures that cut a noncylindrical, SE-plunging anticline constrained to have formed during the late-Svecokarelian orogeny. These results show that Cu ± Au mineralization formed more than ca. 80 Myr after iron oxide–apatite mineralization.
Alexandra Tamas, Dan M. Tamas, Gabor Tari, Csaba Krezsek, Alexandru Lapadat, and Zsolt Schleder
Solid Earth, 14, 741–761, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-741-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-741-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tectonic processes are complex and often difficult to understand due to the limitations of surface or subsurface data. One such process is inversion tectonics, which means that an area initially developed in an extension (such as the opening of an ocean) is reversed to compression (the process leading to mountain building). In this research, we use a laboratory method (analogue modelling), and with the help of a sandbox, we try to better understand structures (folds/faults) related to inversion.
Elizabeth Parker Wilson, Pablo Granado, Pablo Santolaria, Oriol Ferrer, and Josep Anton Muñoz
Solid Earth, 14, 709–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-709-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-709-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work focuses on the control of accommodation zones on extensional and subsequent inversion in salt-detached domains using sandbox analogue models. During extension, the transfer zone acts as a pathway for the movement of salt, changing the expected geometries. When inverted, the salt layer and syn-inversion sedimentation control the deformation style in the salt-detached cover system. Three natural cases are compared to the model results and show similar inversion geometries.
Oriol Ferrer, Eloi Carola, and Ken McClay
Solid Earth, 14, 571–589, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using an experimental approach based on scaled sandbox models, this work aims to understand how salt above different rotational fault blocks influences the cover geometry and evolution, first during extension and then during inversion. The results show that inherited salt structures constrain contractional deformation. We show for the first time how welds and fault welds are reopened during contractional deformation, having direct implications for the subsurface exploration of natural resources.
Chiara Montemagni, Stefano Zanchetta, Martina Rocca, Igor M. Villa, Corrado Morelli, Volkmar Mair, and Andrea Zanchi
Solid Earth, 14, 551–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-551-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-551-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Vinschgau Shear Zone (VSZ) is one of the largest and most significant shear zones developed within the Late Cretaceous thrust stack in the Austroalpine domain of the eastern Alps. 40Ar / 39Ar geochronology constrains the activity of the VSZ between 97 and 80 Ma. The decreasing vorticity towards the core of the shear zone, coupled with the younging of mylonites, points to a shear thinning behavior. The deepest units of the Eo-Alpine orogenic wedge were exhumed along the VSZ.
Jordi Miró, Oriol Ferrer, Josep Anton Muñoz, and Gianreto Manastchal
Solid Earth, 14, 425–445, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-425-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-425-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using the Asturian–Basque–Cantabrian system and analogue (sandbox) models, this work focuses on the linkage between basement-controlled and salt-decoupled domains and how deformation is accommodated between the two during extension and subsequent inversion. Analogue models show significant structural variability in the transitional domain, with oblique structures that can be strongly modified by syn-contractional sedimentation. Experimental results are consistent with the case study.
Junichi Fukuda, Takamoto Okudaira, and Yukiko Ohtomo
Solid Earth, 14, 409–424, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured water distributions in deformed quartz by infrared spectroscopy mapping and used the results to discuss changes in water distribution resulting from textural development. Because of the grain size reduction process (dynamic recrystallization), water contents decrease from 40–1750 wt ppm in host grains of ~2 mm to 100–510 wt ppm in recrystallized regions composed of fine grains of ~10 µm. Our results indicate that water is released and homogenized by dynamic recrystallization.
Bastien Walter, Yves Géraud, Alexiane Favier, Nadjib Chibati, and Marc Diraison
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-397, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-397, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Abhe in southwestern Djibouti is known for its exposures of massive hydrothermal chimneys and hot springs on the lake’s eastern shore. This study highlights the control of the main structural faults of the area on the development of these hydrothermal features. This work contributes to better understand hydrothermal fluid pathways in this area and may help further exploration for the geothermal development of this remarkable site.
Michael Rudolf, Matthias Rosenau, and Onno Oncken
Solid Earth, 14, 311–331, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-311-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-311-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Analogue models of tectonic processes rely on the reproduction of their geometry, kinematics and dynamics. An important property is fault behaviour, which is linked to the frictional characteristics of the fault gouge. This is represented by granular materials, such as quartz sand. In our study we investigate the time-dependent frictional properties of various analogue materials and highlight their impact on the suitability of these materials for analogue models focusing on fault reactivation.
Jessica Barabasch, Joyce Schmatz, Jop Klaver, Alexander Schwedt, and Janos L. Urai
Solid Earth, 14, 271–291, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed Zechstein salt with microscopes and observed specific microstructures that indicate much faster deformation in rock salt with fine halite grains when compared to salt with larger grains. This is important because people build large cavities in the subsurface salt for energy storage or want to deposit radioactive waste inside it. When engineers and scientists use grain-size data and equations that include this mechanism, it will help to make better predictions in geological models.
Nicolás Molnar and Susanne Buiter
Solid Earth, 14, 213–235, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-213-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-213-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Progression of orogenic wedges over pre-existing extensional structures is common in nature, but deciphering the spatio-temporal evolution of deformation from the geological record remains challenging. Our laboratory experiments provide insights on how horizontal stresses are transferred across a heterogeneous crust, constrain which pre-shortening conditions can either favour or hinder the reactivatation of extensional structures, and explain what implications they have on critical taper theory.
Tania Habel, Martine Simoes, Robin Lacassin, Daniel Carrizo, and German Aguilar
Solid Earth, 14, 17–42, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-17-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-17-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Central Andes are one of the most emblematic reliefs on Earth, but their western flank remains understudied. Here we explore two rare key sites in the hostile conditions of the Atacama desert to build cross-sections, quantify crustal shortening, and discuss the timing of this deformation at ∼20–22°S. We propose that the structures of the Western Andes accommodated significant crustal shortening here, but only during the earliest stages of mountain building.
Naïm Célini, Frédéric Mouthereau, Abdeltif Lahfid, Claude Gout, and Jean-Paul Callot
Solid Earth, 14, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the peak temperature of sedimentary rocks of the SW Alps (France), using Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material. This method provides an estimate of the peak temperature achieved by organic-rich rocks. To determine the timing and the tectonic context of the origin of these temperatures we use 1D thermal modelling. We find that the high temperatures up to 300 °C were achieved during precollisional extensional events, not during tectonic burial in the Western Alps.
Luke N. J. Wedmore, Tess Turner, Juliet Biggs, Jack N. Williams, Henry M. Sichingabula, Christine Kabumbu, and Kawawa Banda
Solid Earth, 13, 1731–1753, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1731-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1731-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Mapping and compiling the attributes of faults capable of hosting earthquakes are important for the next generation of seismic hazard assessment. We document 18 active faults in the Luangwa Rift, Zambia, in an active fault database. These faults are between 9 and 207 km long offset Quaternary sediments, have scarps up to ~30 m high, and are capable of hosting earthquakes from Mw 5.8 to 8.1. We associate the Molaza Fault with surface ruptures from two unattributed M 6+ 20th century earthquakes.
Michał P. Michalak, Lesław Teper, Florian Wellmann, Jerzy Żaba, Krzysztof Gaidzik, Marcin Kostur, Yuriy P. Maystrenko, and Paulina Leonowicz
Solid Earth, 13, 1697–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1697-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1697-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When characterizing geological/geophysical surfaces, various geometric attributes are calculated, such as dip angle (1D) or dip direction (2D). However, the boundaries between specific values may be subjective and without optimization significance, resulting from using default color palletes. This study proposes minimizing cosine distance among within-cluster observations to detect 3D anomalies. Our results suggest that the method holds promise for identification of megacylinders or megacones.
Erik M. Young, Christie D. Rowe, and James D. Kirkpatrick
Solid Earth, 13, 1607–1629, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1607-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Studying how earthquakes spread deep within the faults they originate from is crucial to improving our understanding of the earthquake process. We mapped preserved ancient earthquake surfaces that are now exposed in South Africa and studied their relationship with the shape and type of rocks surrounding them. We determined that these surfaces are not random and are instead associated with specific kinds of rocks and that their shape is linked to the evolution of the faults in which they occur.
Sivaji Lahiri, Kitty L. Milliken, Peter Vrolijk, Guillaume Desbois, and Janos L. Urai
Solid Earth, 13, 1513–1539, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1513-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1513-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the mechanism of mechanical compaction is important. Previous studies on mechanical compaction were mostly done by performing experiments. Studies on natural rocks are rare due to compositional heterogeneity of the sedimentary succession with depth. Due to remarkable similarity in composition and grain size, the Sumatra subduction complex provides a unique opportunity to study the micromechanism of mechanical compaction on natural samples.
Dongwon Lee, Nikolaos Karadimitriou, Matthias Ruf, and Holger Steeb
Solid Earth, 13, 1475–1494, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1475-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1475-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research article focuses on filtering and segmentation methods employed in high-resolution µXRCT studies for crystalline rocks, bearing fractures, or fracture networks, of very small aperture. Specifically, we focus on the identification of artificially induced (via quenching) fractures in Carrara marble samples. Results from the same dataset from all five different methods adopted were produced and compared with each other in terms of their output quality and time efficiency.
Alberto Ceccato, Giulia Tartaglia, Marco Antonellini, and Giulio Viola
Solid Earth, 13, 1431–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Earth's surface is commonly characterized by the occurrence of fractures, which can be mapped, and their can be geometry quantified on digital representations of the surface at different scales of observation. Here we present a series of analytical and statistical tools, which can aid the quantification of fracture spatial distribution at different scales. In doing so, we can improve our understanding of how fracture geometry and geology affect fluid flow within the fractured Earth crust.
Giulio Viola, Giovanni Musumeci, Francesco Mazzarini, Lorenzo Tavazzani, Manuel Curzi, Espen Torgersen, Roelant van der Lelij, and Luca Aldega
Solid Earth, 13, 1327–1351, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1327-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1327-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A structural-geochronological approach helps to unravel the Zuccale Fault's architecture. By mapping its internal structure and dating some of its fault rocks, we constrained a deformation history lasting 20 Myr starting at ca. 22 Ma. Such long activity is recorded by now tightly juxtaposed brittle structural facies, i.e. different types of fault rocks. Our results also have implications on the regional evolution of the northern Apennines, of which the Zuccale Fault is an important structure.
Wan-Lin Hu
Solid Earth, 13, 1281–1290, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1281-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1281-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Having a seismic image is generally expected to enable us to better determine fault geometry and thus estimate geological slip rates accurately. However, the process of interpreting seismic images may introduce unintended uncertainties, which have not yet been widely discussed. Here, a case of a shear fault-bend fold in the frontal Himalaya is used to demonstrate how differences in interpretations can affect the following estimates of slip rates and dependent conclusions.
Manuel D. Menzel, Janos L. Urai, Estibalitz Ukar, Thierry Decrausaz, and Marguerite Godard
Solid Earth, 13, 1191–1218, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Mantle rocks can bind large quantities of carbon by reaction with CO2, but this capacity requires fluid pathways not to be clogged by carbonate. We studied mantle rocks from Oman to understand the mechanisms allowing their transformation into carbonate and quartz. Using advanced imaging techniques, we show that abundant veins were essential fluid pathways driving the reaction. Our results show that tectonic stress was important for fracture opening and a key ingredient for carbon fixation.
Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl, Steffen G. Bergh, and Arthur G. Sylvester
Solid Earth, 13, 1169–1190, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1169-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1169-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The San Andreas fault is a major active fault associated with ongoing earthquake sequences in southern California. The present study investigates the development of the Indio Hills area in the Coachella Valley along the main San Andreas fault and the Indio Hills fault. The Indio Hills area is located near an area with high ongoing earthquake activity (Brawley seismic zone), and, therefore, its recent tectonic evolution has implications for earthquake prediction.
Jin Lai, Dong Li, Yong Ai, Hongkun Liu, Deyang Cai, Kangjun Chen, Yuqiang Xie, and Guiwen Wang
Solid Earth, 13, 975–1002, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-975-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-975-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
(1) Structural diagenesis analysis is performed on the ultra-deep tight sandstone. (2) Fracture and intergranular pores are related to the low in situ stress magnitudes. (3) Dissolution is associated with the presence of fracture.
Hamed Fazlikhani, Wolfgang Bauer, and Harald Stollhofen
Solid Earth, 13, 393–416, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Interpretation of newly acquired FRANKEN 2D seismic survey data in southeeastern Germany shows that upper Paleozoic low-grade metasedimentary rocks and possible nappe units are transported by Variscan shear zones to ca. 65 km west of the Franconian Fault System (FFS). We show that the locations of post-Variscan upper Carboniferous–Permian normal faults and associated graben and half-graben basins are controlled by the geometry of underlying Variscan shear zones.
Xiaodong Ma, Marian Hertrich, Florian Amann, Kai Bröker, Nima Gholizadeh Doonechaly, Valentin Gischig, Rebecca Hochreutener, Philipp Kästli, Hannes Krietsch, Michèle Marti, Barbara Nägeli, Morteza Nejati, Anne Obermann, Katrin Plenkers, Antonio P. Rinaldi, Alexis Shakas, Linus Villiger, Quinn Wenning, Alba Zappone, Falko Bethmann, Raymi Castilla, Francisco Seberto, Peter Meier, Thomas Driesner, Simon Loew, Hansruedi Maurer, Martin O. Saar, Stefan Wiemer, and Domenico Giardini
Solid Earth, 13, 301–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-301-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-301-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Questions on issues such as anthropogenic earthquakes and deep geothermal energy developments require a better understanding of the fractured rock. Experiments conducted at reduced scales but with higher-resolution observations can shed some light. To this end, the BedrettoLab was recently established in an existing tunnel in Ticino, Switzerland, with preliminary efforts to characterize realistic rock mass behavior at the hectometer scale.
Berit Schwichtenberg, Florian Fusseis, Ian B. Butler, and Edward Andò
Solid Earth, 13, 41–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-41-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-41-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydraulic rock properties such as porosity and permeability are relevant factors that have an impact on groundwater resources, geological repositories and fossil fuel reservoirs. We investigate the influence of chemical compaction upon the porosity evolution in salt–biotite mixtures and related transport length scales by conducting laboratory experiments in combination with 4-D analysis. Our observations invite a renewed discussion of the effect of sheet silicates on chemical compaction.
David Healy and Stephen Paul Hicks
Solid Earth, 13, 15–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-15-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-15-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The energy transition requires operations in faulted rocks. To manage the technical challenges and public concern over possible induced earthquakes, we need to quantify the risks. We calculate the probability of fault slip based on uncertain inputs, stresses, fluid pressures, and the mechanical properties of rocks in fault zones. Our examples highlight the specific gaps in our knowledge. Citizen science projects could produce useful data and include the public in the discussions about hazards.
Manuel I. de Paz-Álvarez, Thomas G. Blenkinsop, David M. Buchs, George E. Gibbons, and Lesley Cherns
Solid Earth, 13, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a virtual geological mapping course implemented in response to travelling and social restrictions derived from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The course was designed to replicate a physical mapping exercise as closely as possible with the aid of real field data and photographs collected by the authors during previous years in the Cantabrian Zone (NW Spain). The course is delivered through Google Earth via a KMZ file with outcrop descriptions and links to GitHub-hosted photographs.
Yueyang Xia, Jacob Geersen, Dirk Klaeschen, Bo Ma, Dietrich Lange, Michael Riedel, Michael Schnabel, and Heidrun Kopp
Solid Earth, 12, 2467–2477, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2467-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2467-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The 2 June 1994 Java tsunami earthquake ruptured in a seismically quiet subduction zone and generated a larger-than-expected tsunami. Here, we re-process a seismic line across the rupture area. We show that a subducting seamount is located up-dip of the mainshock in a region that did not rupture during the earthquake. Seamount subduction modulates the topography of the marine forearc and acts as a seismic barrier in the 1994 earthquake rupture.
Steffen Abe and Hagen Deckert
Solid Earth, 12, 2407–2424, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2407-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2407-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use numerical simulations and laboratory experiments on rock samples to investigate how stress conditions influence the geometry and roughness of fracture surfaces. The roughness of the surfaces was analyzed in terms of absolute roughness and scaling properties. The results show that the surfaces are self-affine but with different scaling properties between the numerical models and the real rock samples. Results suggest that stress conditions have little influence on the surface roughness.
Chao Deng, Rixiang Zhu, Jianhui Han, Yu Shu, Yuxiang Wu, Kefeng Hou, and Wei Long
Solid Earth, 12, 2327–2350, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2327-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2327-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses seismic reflection data to interpret the geometric relationship and evolution of intra-basement and rift-related structures in the Enping sag in the northern South China Sea. Our observations suggest the primary control of pre-existing thrust faults is the formation of low-angle normal faults, with possible help from low-friction materials, and the significant role of pre-existing basement thrust faults in fault geometry, paleotopography, and syn-rift stratigraphy of rift basins.
Sonia Yeung, Marnie Forster, Emmanuel Skourtsos, and Gordon Lister
Solid Earth, 12, 2255–2275, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2255-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2255-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We do not know when the ancient Tethys Ocean lithosphere began to founder, but one clue can be found in subduction accreted tectonic slices, including Gondwanan basement terranes on the island of Ios, Cyclades, Greece. We propose a 250–300 km southwards jump of the subduction megathrust with a period of flat-slab subduction followed by slab break-off. The initiation and its subsequent rollback of a new subduction zone would explain the onset of Oligo–Miocene extension and accompanying magmatism.
Cited articles
Adams, A. and Diamond, L. W.: Early diagenesis driven by widespread meteoric
infiltration of a Central European carbonate ramp: A reinterpretation of the Upper Muschelkalk, Sediment.
Geol., 362, 37–52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2017.10.002, 2017.
Alonso-Zarza, A. M.: Palaeoenvironmental significance of palustrine
carbonates and calcretes in the geological record, Earth Sci. Rev., 60, 261–298, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00106-X,
2003.
Antonellini, M. and Aydin, A.: Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous
sandstones: petrophysical properties, AAPG Bull.,
78, 355–377,
https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF90AA-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D, 1994.
Antonellini, M., Aydin, A., and Pollard, D. D.: Microstructure of deformation
bands in porous sandstones at Arches National Park, Utah, J. Struct. Geol., 16, 941–959,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(94)90077-9, 1994.
Antonellini, M., Aydin, A., and Orr, L.: Outcrop-aided characterization of a
faulted hydrocarbon reservoir: Arroyo Grande oil field, California, USA, in: Faults and Subsurface Fluid Flow in the
Shallow Crust, edited by: Haneberg, W. C., Mozley, P. S., Moore, J. C., and
Goodwin, L. B., American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 113, 7–26,
https://doi.org/10.1029/GM113p0007, 1999.
Antonellini, M., Cilona, A., Tondi, E., Zambrano, M., and Agosta, F.: Fluid
flow numerical experiments of faulted porous carbonates, northwest Sicily (Italy), Mar. Pet. Geol., 55, 186–201,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.12.003, 2014.
Antonellini, M., Mollema, P. N., and Del Sole, L.: Application of analytical
diffusion models to outcrop observations: implications for mass transport by fluid flow through fractures, Water
Resour. Res., 53, 5545–5566, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019864, 2017.
Antonellini, M., Del Sole, L., and Mollema, P. N.: Chert nodules in pelagic
limestones as paleo-stress indicators: a 3D geomechanical analysis, J. Struct. Geol, 132, 103979, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2020.103979, 2020.
Arthaud, F. and Seìguret, M.: Les structures pyreìneìennes du
Languedoc et du Golfe du Lion (Sud de la France), Bull. Soc. Geìol. Fr., 23, 51–63, 1981.
Aydin, A.: Small faults formed as deformation bands in sandstones, Pure
Appl. Geophys., 116, 913–930, 1978.
Aydin, A.: Fractures, faults, and hydrocarbon entrapment, migration and
flow, Mar. Pet. Geol., 17, 797–814, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(00)00020-9, 2000.
Aydin, A., Borja, R. I., and Eichhubl, P.: Geological and mathematical
framework for failure modes in granular rock, J. Struct. Geol., 28, 83–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2005.07.008, 2006.
Ballas, G., Soliva, R., Sizun, J. P., Benedicto, A., Cavailhes, T., and
Raynaud, S.: The importance of the degree of cataclasis in shear bands for fluid flow in porous sand- stone, Provence, France, AAPG
Bull., 96, 2167–2186, https://doi.org/10.1306/04051211097, 2012.
Ballas, G., Soliva, R., Sizun, J. P., Fossen, H., Benedicto, A., and
Skurtveit, E.: Shear-enhanced compaction bands formed at shallow burial conditions; implications for fluid flow (Provence,
France), J. Struct. Geol., 47, 3–15,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2012.11.008, 2013.
Ballas, G., Soliva, R., Benedicto, A., and Sizun, J. P.: Control of tectonic
setting and large-scale faults on the basin-scale distribution of deformation bands in porous sandstone (Provence, France),
Mar. Pet. Geol., 55, 142–159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.12.020, 2014.
Ballas, G., Fossen, H., and Soliva, R.: Factors controlling permeability of
cataclastic deformation bands and faults in porous sandstone reservoirs, J. Struct. Geol., 76, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2015.03.013, 2015.
Balsamo F. and Storti F.: Grain size and permeability evolution of
soft-sediment extensional sub-seismic and seismic fault zones in high-porosity sediments from the Crotone basin, southern Apennines,
Italy, Mar. Pet. Geol., 27, 822–837, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.10.016, 2010.
Balsamo, F., Storti, F., and Gröcke, D. R.: Fault-related
fluid flow history in shallow marine sediments from carbonate concretions, Crotone basin, south Italy, J. Geol. Soc., 169, 613–626,
https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492011-109, 2012.
Barnaby, R. J. and Rimstidt, J. D.: Redox conditions of calcite cementation
interpreted from Mn and Fe contents of authigenic calcites, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 101, 795–804, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0795:RCOCCI>2.3.CO;2, 1989.
Bense, V. F., Gleeson, T., Loveless, S. E., Bour, O., and Scibek, J.: Fault
zone hydrogeology, Earth Sci. Rev., 127, 171–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.09.008, 2013.
Bernabé, Y., Fryer, D. T., and Hayes, J. A.: The effect of cement on the
strength of granular rocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1511–1514, https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL01288, 1992.
Berner, R. A.: Early Diagenesis: a Theoretical Approach, Princeton University
Press, Princeton, NJ, 1980.
Bjørkum, P. A., and Walderhaug, O.: Geometrical arrangement of calcite
cementation within shallow marine sandstones, Earth Sci. Rev., 29, 145–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(90)90033-R, 1990.
Boutt, D. F., Plourde, K. E., Cook, J., and Goodwin, L. B.: Cementation and
the hydromechanical behavior of siliciclastic aquifers and reservoirs, Geofluids, 14, 189–199,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12062, 2014.
Busch, B., Hilgers, C., Gronen, L., and Adelmann, D.: Cementation and
structural diagenesis of fluvio-aeolian Rotliegend sandstones, northern England, J. Geol. Soc. London, 174, 855–868,
https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2016-122, 2017.
Cavailhes, T., Soliva, R., Benedicto, A., Loggia, D., Schultz, R. A., and
Wibberley, C. A. J.: Are cataclastic shear bands fluid barriers or capillarity conduits? Insight from the analysis of redox fronts
in porous sandstones from Provence, France, in: 2nd EAGE International
Conference on Fault and Top Seals: From Pore to Basin Scale, Montpellier, France, 21–24 September 2009, 3 pp., https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20147185, 2009.
Cavazza, W., Braga, R., Reinhardt, E. G., and Zanotti, C.: Influence of
host-rock texture on the morphology of carbonate concretions in a meteoric diagenetic environment, J. Sediment. Res., 79,
377–388, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2009.047, 2009.
Champion, C., Choukroune, P., and Clauzon, G.: La deìformation post-mioceÌne
en Provence occidentale, Geodinam. Act., 13, 67–85, https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2000.11105365, 2000.
Cibin, U., Cavazza, W., Fontana, D., Milliken, K. L., and McBride, E. F.:
Comparison of composition and texture of calcite-cemented concretions and host sandstones, Northern Apennines, Italy, J.
Sediment. Res., 63, 945–954,
https://doi.org/10.1306/D4267C4E-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D, 1993.
Cortecci, G., Dinelli, E., and Mussi, M.: Isotopic composition and secondary
evaporation effects on precipitation from the urban centre of Bologna, Italy, Period. Miner., 77, 55–63,
https://doi.org/10.2451/2008PM0004, 2008.
Davis, J. M., Roy, N. D., Mozley, P. S., and Hall, J. S.: The effect of
carbonate cementation on permeability heterogeneity in fluvial aquifers: An outcrop analog study, Sediment. Geol., 184,
267–280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.005, 2006.
Debrand-Passard, S., Courbouleix, S., and Lienhardt, M. J.: SyntheÌse
geìologique du Sud- Est de la France: stratigraphie et
paleìogeìographie, Bureau de Recherches Geìologiques et MinieÌres,
Meìmoire, vol. 215 (Orleìans), 1984.
Del Sole, L. and Antonellini, M.: Microstructural, petrophysical, and
mechanical properties of compactive shear bands associated to calcite cement concretions in arkose sandstone, J. Struct.
Geol., 126, 51–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2019.05.007,
2019.
Del Sole, L., Antonellini, M., and Calafato, A.: Characterization of
sub-seismic resolution structural diagenetic heterogeneities in porous sandstones: Combining ground-penetrating radar
profiles with geomechanical and petrophysical in situ measurements (Northern
Apennines, Italy), Mar. Pet. Geol., 117, 104375, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104375, 2020.
Dewhurst, D. N. and Jones, R. M.: Influence of physical and diagenetic
processes on fault geomechanics and reactivation, J. Geochem. Exp., 78, 153–157,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00124-9, 2003.
Dvorkin, J., Mavko, G., and Nur, A.: The effect of cementation on the
elastic properties of granular material, Mech. Mater., 12, 207–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6636(91)90018-U,
1991.
Edwards, H. E., Becker, A. D., and Howell, J. A.: Compartmentalization of an
aeolian sandstone by structural heterogeneities: permo-Triassic Hopeman Sandstone, Moray Firth, Scotland,
Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 73, 339–365,
https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.20, 1993.
Ehrenberg, S. N.: Relationship between diagenesis and reservoir quality in
sandstones of the Garn formation, Haltenbanken, mid-Norwegian Continental shelf, AAPG Bull., 74, 1538–1558, https://doi.org/10.1306/0C9B2515-1710-11D7-8645000102C1865D, 1990.
Eichhubl, P.: Paleo-Fluid Flow Indicators, Stanford Rock Fracture Project,
Vol. 12., 10 pp., available at: https://stacks.stanford.edu/file/druid:jp813ns8076/RFP_2001_Eichhubl.pdf (last access: 5 March 2020), 2001.
Eichhubl, P., Taylor, W. L., Pollard, D. D., and Aydin, A.: Paleo-fluid flow
and deformation in the Aztec Sandstone at the Valley of Fire, Nevada – evidence for the coupling of hydrogeologic,
diagenetic, and tectonic processes, Geol. Soc. Am., 116, 1120–1136, 2004.
Eichhubl, P., Davatzes, N. C., and Becker, S. P.: Structural and diagenetic
control of fluid migration and cementation along the Moab fault, Utah, AAPG Bull., 93, 653–681, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<1515:CATGOF>2.0.CO;2, 2009.
Eichhubl, P., Hooker, J. N., and Laubach, S. E.: Pure and shear-enhanced
compaction bands in Aztec Sandstone, J. Struct. Geol., 32, 1873–1886, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.02.004, 2010.
Fachri, M., Rotevatn, A., and Tveranger, J.: Fluid flow in relay zones
revisited: Towards an improved representation of small-scale structural heterogeneities in flow models, Mar. Pet. Geol., 46,
144–164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.05.016, 2013.
Faulkner, D. R., Jackson, C. A. L., Lunn, R. J., Schlische, R. W., Shipton,
Z. K., Wibberley, C. A. J., and Withjack, M. O.: A review of recent developments concerning the structure, mechanics and fluid
flow properties of fault zones, J. Struct. Geol., 32, 1557–1575,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.06.009, 2010.
Ferry, S. (Ed.): Actes des Journeìes Scientifiques CNRS/ANDRA, Apport des
forages ANDRA de Marcoule aÌ la connaissance de la marge creìtaceìe rhodanienne, Etude du Gard Rhodanien/EDP
sciences, Bagnols-sur-CeÌze, 63–91, 1997.
Fisher, Q. J. and Knipe, R.: Fault sealing processes in siliciclastic
sediments, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 147, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.147.01.08, 1998.
Flodin, E., Prasad, M., and Aydin, A.: Petrophysical constraints on
deformation styles in Aztec Sandstone, southern Nevada, USA, Pure Appl. Geophys., 160, 1589–1610, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-003-2377-1, 2003.
Flügel, E.: Microfacies of carbonate rocks: analysis, interpretation and
application, Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
Fossen, H. and Bale, A.: Deformation and their influence on fluid flow, AAPG
Bull., 91, 1685–1700, https://doi.org/10.1306/07300706146, 2007.
Fossen, H., Soliva, R., Ballas, G., Trzaskos, B., Cavalcante, C., and
Schultz, R. A.: A review of deformation bands in reservoir sandstones: geometries, mechanisms and distribution, in:
Subseismic-Scale Reservoir Deformation, edited by: Ashton, M., Dee, S. J.,
and Wennberg, O. P., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 459, 9–33, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP459.4, 2017.
Fowles, J. and Burley, S.: Textural and permeability characteristics of
faulted, high porosity sandstones, Mar. Pet. Geol., 11, 608–623, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(94)90071-X, 1994.
Genty, D., Labuhn, I., Hoffmann, G., Danis, P. A., Mestre, O., Bourges, F.,
Wainer, K., Massault, M., Van Exter, S., Reìgnier, E., Orengo, P., Falourd, S., and Minster, B.: Rainfall and cave water
isotopic relationships in two South-France sites, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Act., 131, 323–343, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.01.043, 2014.
Gibson, R. G.: Physical character and fluid-flow properties of
sandstone-derived fault zones, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 127, 83–97, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.07, 1998.
Giustini, F., Brilli, M., and Patera, A.: Mapping oxygen stable isotopes of
precipitation in Italy, J. Hydrol., 8, 162–181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2016.04.001, 2016.
Hall, J. S., Mozley, P., Davis, J. M., and Roy, N. D.: Environments of
formation and controls on spatial distribution of calcite cementation in Plio-Pleistocene fluvial deposits, New Mexico,
USA, J. Sediment. Res., 74, 643–653, https://doi.org/10.1306/020904740643,
2004.
Harper, T. and Moftah, I.: Skin effect and completion options in the Ras
Budran Reservoir, in: Society of Petroleum Engineers Middle East Oil Technical Conference and Exhibition, 13708,
211–226, https://doi.org/10.2118/13708-MS, 1985.
Hiatt, E. E. and Pufahl, P. K.: Cathodoluminescence petrography of carbonate
rocks: a review of applications for understanding diagenesis, reservoir quality and pore system evolution, Short
Course, 45, 75–96, 2014.
Hudson, J. D.: Stable isotopes and limestone lithification, J. Geol. Soc.
London, 133, 637–660, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.133.6.0637, 1977.
Jasechko, S.: Global isotope hydrogeology – Review, Rev. Geophys., 57, 835–965,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000627, 2019.
Kantorowicz, J. D., Bryant, I. D., and Dawans, J. M.: Controls on the Geometry
and Distribution of Carbonate Cements in Jurassic Sandstones: Bridport Sands, Southern England and Viking Group,
Troll Field, Norway Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 36, 103–118, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.09, 1987.
Knipe, R. J., Fisher, Q. J., Jones, G., Clennell, M. R., Farmer, A. B.,
Harrison, A., Kidd, B., McAllister, E., Porter, J. R., and White, E. A.: Fault seal analysis: successful methodologies, application and
future directions, Norwegian Petroleum Soc. Spec. Publ., 7, 15–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8937(97)80004-5, 1997.
La Bruna, V., Lamarche, J., Agosta, F., Rustichelli, A., Giuffrida, A.,
Salardon, R., and Marié, L.: Structural diagenesis of shallow platform carbonates: Role of early embrittlement on fracture setting
and distribution, case study of Monte Alpi (Southern Apennines, Italy), J.
Struct. Geol., 131, 103940, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2019.103940, 2020.
Labaume, P. and Moretti, I.: Diagenesis-dependence of cataclastic thrust
fault zone sealing in sandstones. Example from the Bolivian Sub-Andean Zone, J. Struct. Geol., 23, 1659–1675, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00024-4, 2001.
Lander, R. H., Larese, R. E., and Bonnell, L. M.: Toward more accurate
quartz cement models: The importance of euhedral versus noneuhedral growth rates, AAPG Bull., 92, 1537–1563, https://doi.org/10.1306/07160808037, 2008.
Lander, R. H., Solano-Acosta, W., Thomas, A. R., Reed, R. M.,
Kacewicz, M., Bonnell, L. M., and Hooker, J. N.: Simulation of fault sealing from quartz cementation within cataclastic
deformation zones, in: AAPG Hedberg Conference Basinand Petroleum Systems Modeling: New Horizons in Research and
Applications, Napa, California, USA, 3–7 May 2009.
Laubach, S. E., Olson, J. E., and Gross, M. R.: Mechanical and fracture
stratigraphy, AAPG Bull., 93, 1413–1426, https://doi.org/10.1306/07270909094, 2009.
Laubach, S. E., Eichhubl, P., Hilgers, C., and Lander, R. H.: Structural
diagenesis, J. Struct. Geol., 32, 1866–1872, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.10.001, 2010.
Leveille, G. P., Knipe, R., More, C., Ellis, D., Dudley, G., Jones, G.,
Fisher, Q. J., and Allinson, G.: Compartmentalization of Rotliegendes gas reservoirs by sealing faults, Jupiter Fields area, southern
North Sea, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 123, 87–104, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.06, 1997.
Lewis, H. and Couples, G. D.: Production evidence for geological
heterogeneities in the Anschutz Ranch East field, western U.S.A., in: Characterization of fluvial and eolian reservoirs,
edited by: North, C. P. and Prosser, D. J., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 73,
321–338, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.19, 1993.
Liu, Z. and Sun, Y.: Characteristics and formation process of contractional
deformation bands in oil-bearing sandstones
in the hinge of a fold: A case study of the Youshashan anticline, western
Qaidam Basin, China, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 189, 106994,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.106994, 2020.
Lommatzsch, M., Exner, U., Gier, S., and Grasemann, B.: Structural and
chemical controls of deformation bands on
fluid flow: interplay between cataclasis and diagenetic alteration:
structural and Chemical Controls of Deformation Bands on Fluid Flow, AAPG
Bull., 99, 689–710, https://doi.org/10.1306/10081413162, 2015.
Longman, M. W.: Carbonate diagenetic textures from nearsurface diagenetic
environments, AAPG Bull., 64, 461–487, https://doi.org/10.1306/2F918A63-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D,
1980.
Machel, H. G.: Application of cathodoluminescence to carbonate diagenesis,
in: Cathodoluminescence in geosciences, edited by: Pagel, M., Barbin, V., Blanc, P., and Ohnenstetter D., Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg, 271–301, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04086-7, 2000.
Main, I. G., Kwon, O., Ngwenya, B. T., and Elphick, S. C.: Fault sealing
during deformation-band growth in porous sandstone, Geology, 28, 1131–1134, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<1131:FSDDGI>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Manzocchi, T., Ringrose, P. S., and Underhill, J. R.: Flow through fault
systems in high-porosity sandstones, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 127, 65–82, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.06, 1998.
Marroni, M., Meneghini, F., and Pandolfi, L.: A revised Subduction inception
model to explain the late cretaceous, double-vergent orogen in the precollisional Western Tethys: Evidence from
the Northern Apennines, Tectonics, 36, 2227–2249, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004627, 2017.
Marshall, D. J.: Cathodoluminescence of geological Materials, Unwin Hyman,
Boston, 1988.
McBride, E. F., Milliken, K. L., Cavazza, W., Cibin, U., Fontana, D., Picard,
M. D., and Zuffa, G. G.: Heterogeneous distribution of calcite cement at the outcrop scale in tertiary sandstones,
northern Apennines, Italy, AAPG Bull., 79, 1044–1063, https://doi.org/10.1306/8D2B21C3-171E-11D7-8645000102C1865D, 1995.
Medici, G., West, L. J., Mountney, N. P., and Welch, M.: Permeability of
rock discontinuities and faults in the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group (UK): insights for management of fluvio-aeolian
aquifers worldwide, Hydrogeology J., 27, 2835–2855, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-02035-7, 2019.
Milliken, K. L., McBride, E. F., Cavazza, W., Cibin, U., Fontana, D., Picard,
M. D., and Zuffa, G. G.: Geochemical history of calcite precipitation in Tertiary sandstones, northern Apennines, Italy,
in: Carbonate cementation in sandstones, edited by: Morad, S., International
Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 26, 213–239,
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304893.ch10, 1998.
Milliken, K. L., Reed, R. M., and Laubach, S. E.: Quantifying compaction and
cementation in deformation bands in porous sandstones, in: Faults, fluid flow, and petroleum traps, edited by:
Sorkhabi, R. and Tsuji, Y., AAPG Mem., 85, 237–249,
https://doi.org/10.1306/1033726M85252, 2005.
Moore, C. H.: Carbonate Diagenesis and Porosity, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989.
Morad, S., Al-Ramadan, K., Ketzer, J. M., and De Ros, L. F.: The impact of
diagenesis on the heterogeneity of sandstone reservoirs: A review of the role of depositional facies and sequence
stratigraphy, AAPG Bull., 94, 1267–1309, https://doi.org/10.1306/04211009178, 2010.
Mozley, P. S. and Davis, J. M.: Relationship between oriented calcite
concretions and permeability correlation structure in an alluvial aquifer, Sierra Ladrones Formation, New Mexico, J. Sediment.
Res., 66, 11–16, https://doi.org/10.1306/D4268293-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D, 1996.
Mozley, P. S. and Goodwin, L. B.: Patterns of cementation along a Cenozoic
normal fault: a record of paleoflow orientations, Geology, 23, 539–542, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25618.1, 1995.
Nelson, C. S. and Smith, A. M.: Stable oxygen and carbon isotope compositional
fields for skeletal and diagenetic components in New Zealand Cenozoic nontropical carbonate sediments and
limestones: a synthesis and review, New Zeal. J. Geol. Geop., 39, 93–107, https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1996.9514697, 1996.
Noiriel, C., Steefel, C. I., Yang, L., and Bernard, D.: Effects of
pore-scale precipitation on permeability and flow, Adv. Water Resour., 95, 125–137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.11.013, 2016.
Ogilvie, S. R. and Glover, P. W.: The petrophysical properties of deformation
bands in relation to their microstructure, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 193, 129–142, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00492-7, 2001.
Papani, L.: Le arenarie di Loiano nel contesto dell'Appennino
settentrionale, PhD thesis, Universita di Bologna, Bologna, 40 pp., 1998.
Parnell, J., Watt, G. R., Middleton, D., Kelly, J., and Baron, M.:
Deformation band control on hydrocarbon migration, J. Sediment. Res., 74, 552–560, https://doi.org/10.1306/121703740552, 2004.
Parry, W. T., Chan, M. A., and Beitler, B.: Chemical bleaching indicates
episodes of fluid flow in deformation bands in sandstone, AAPG Bull., 88, 175–191, https://doi.org/10.1306/09090303034, 2004.
Pei, Y., Paton, D. A., Knipe, R. J., and Wu, K.: A review of fault sealing
behaviour and its evaluation in siliciclastic rocks, Earth Sci. Rev., 150, 121–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.07.011, 2015.
Petrie, E. S., Petrie, R. A., and Evans, J. P.: Identification of
reactivation and increased permeability associated with a fault damage zone using a multidisciplinary approach, J. Struct. Geol., 59, 37–49,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2013.11.008, 2014.
Philit, S., Soliva, R., Labaume, P., Gout, C., and Wibberley, C.: Relations
between shallow cataclastic faulting and cementation in porous sandstones: first insight from a groundwater
environmental context, J. Struct. Geol., 81, 89–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2015.10.001, 2015.
Philit, S., Soliva, R., Castilla, R., Ballas, G., and Taillefer, A.:
Clusters of cataclastic deformation bands in porous sandstones, J. Struct. Geol., 114, 235–250, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.04.013, 2018.
Philit, S., Soliva, R., Ballas, G., Chemenda, A., and Castilla, R.: Fault
surface development and fault rock juxtaposition along deformation band clusters in porous sandstones series, AAPG
Bull., 103, 2731–2756, https://doi.org/10.1306/01211917256, 2019.
Picotti, V. and Pazzaglia, F. J.: A new active tectonic model for the
construction of the Northern Apennines mountain front near Bologna (Italy), J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 113, B08412,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005307, 2008.
Picotti, V., Ponza, A., and Pazzaglia, F. J.: Topographic expression of
active faults in the foothills of the Northern Apennines, Tectonophysics, 474, 285–294,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.01.009, 2009.
Pizzati, M., Balsamo, F., Storti, F., and Iacumin, P.: Physical and chemical
strain-hardening during faulting in poorly lithified sandstone: The role of kinematic stress field and selective
cementation, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 132, 1183–1200, https://doi.org/10.1130/b35296.1, 2019.
Qu, D. and Tveranger, J.: Incorporation of deformation band fault damage
zones in reservoir models, AAPG Bull., 100, 423–443, https://doi.org/10.1306/12111514166, 2016.
Romano, C. R., Zahasky, C., Garing, C., Minto, J. M., Benson, S. M.,
Shipton, Z. K., and Lunn, R. J.: Sub-core scale fluid flow behavior in a sandstone with cataclastic deformation bands, Water
Resour. Res., 56, e2019WR026715, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026715, 2020.
Rotevatn, A. and Fossen, H.: Simulating the effect of subseismic fault tails
and process zones in a siliciclastic reservoir analogue: implications for aquifer support and trap definition, Mar. Pet.
Geol., 28, 1648–1662, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.07.005, 2011.
Rotevatn, A., Sandve, T. H., Keilegavlen, E., Kolyukhin, D., and Fossen, H.:
Deformation bands and their impact on fluid flow in sandstone reservoirs: the role of natural thickness
variations, Geofluids, 13, 359–371, https://doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12030, 2013.
Roure, F., Brun, J. P., Colletta, B., and Van den Driessche, J.: Geometry and
kinematics of extensional structures in the Alpine Foreland Basin of southeastern France, J. Struct. Geol., 14, 503–519,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(92)90153-N, 1992.
Saillet, E. and Wibberley, C. A. J.: Evolution of cataclastic faulting in
high-porosity sandstone, Bassin du Sud-Est, Provence, France, J. Struct. Geol., 32, 1590–1608, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.02.007, 2010.
Salvini, F.: Daisy 3: The Structural Data Integrated System Analyzer
Software, University of Roma Tre, Rome, available at:
http://host.uniroma3.it/progetti/fralab/Downloads/Programs/ (last access: 25 August 2020),
2004.
Sample, J. C., Woods, S., Bender, E., and Loveall, M.: Relationship between
deformation bands and petroleum migration in an exhumed reservoir rock, Los Angeles Basin, California,
USA, Geofluids, 6, 105–112, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2005.00131.x, 2006.
Séranne, M., Benedicto, A., Labaume, P., Truffert, C., and Pascal, G.:
Structural style and evolution of the gulf of Lion Oligo-miocene rifting: role of the Pyrenean orogeny, Mar. Pet. Geol., 12,
809–820, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(95)98849-Z, 1995.
Shipton, Z. K., Evans, J. P., Robeson, K. R., Forster, C. B., and Snelgrove,
S.: Structural heterogeneity and permeability in faulted eolian sandstone: Implications for subsurface modeling of faults,
AAPG bulletin, 86, 863–883, https://doi.org/10.1306/61EEDBC0-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D, 2002.
Shipton, Z. K., Evans, J. P., and Thompson, L. B.: The geometry and thickness
of deformation-band fault core and its influence on sealing characteristics of deformation-band fault zones, in:
Faults, fluid flow, and petroleum traps, edited by: Sorkhabi, R. and
Tsuji, Y., AAPG Mem., 85, 181–195, https://doi.org/10.1306/1033723M853135, 2005.
Sigda, J. M. and Wilson, J. L.: Are faults preferential flow paths through
semiarid and arid vadose zones?, Water Resour. Res., 39, 1225, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001406, 2003.
Sigda, J. M., Goodwin, L. B., Mozley, P. S., and Wilson, J. L.: Permeability
alteration in small-displacement faults in poorly lithified sediments: Rio Grande Rift, Central New Mexico, in: Faults and
Subsurface Fluid Flow in the Shallow Crust, edited by: Haneberg, W. C.,
Mozley, P. S., Moore, J. C., and Goodwin, L. B., American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 51–68, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM113p0051, 1999.
Soliva, R., Schultz, R. A., Ballas, G., Taboada, A., Wibberley, C., Saillet,
E., and Benedicto, A.: A model of strain localization in porous sandstone as a function of tectonic setting, burial
and material properties; new insight from Provence (southern France), J.
Struct. Geol., 49, 50–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2012.11.011, 2013.
Soliva, R., Ballas, G., Fossen, H., and Philit, S.: Tectonic regime controls
clustering of deformation bands in porous sandstone, Geology, 44, 423–426, https://doi.org/10.1130/G37585.1, 2016.
Sternlof, K. R., Chapin, J. R., Pollard, D. D., and Durlofsky, L. J.:
Permeability effects of deformation band arrays in sandstone, AAPG Bull., 88, 1315–1329, https://doi.org/10.1306/032804, 2004.
Stockmann, G. J., Wolff-Boenisch, D., Bovet, N., Gislason, S. R., and
Oelkers, E. H.: The role of silicate surfaces on calcite precipitation kinetics, Geochim. Cosmochim. Act., 135, 231–250, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.015, 2014.
Taylor, W. L. and Pollard, D. D.: Estimation of in situ permeability of
deformation bands in porous sandstone, Valley of Fire, Nevada, Water Resour. Res., 36, 2595–2606, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900120, 2000.
Tenthorey, E., Scholz, C. H., Aharonov, E., and Leger, A.: Precipitation
sealing and diagenesis 1. Experimental results, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 103, 23951–23967, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02229, 1998.
Torabi, A. and Fossen, H.: Spatial variation of microstructure and
petrophysical properties along deformation bands in reservoir sandstones, AAPG Bull., 93, 919–938, https://doi.org/10.1306/03270908161, 2009.
Tueckmantel, C., Fisher, Q. J., Grattoni, C. A., and Aplin, A. C.:
Single-and two-phase fluid flow properties of cataclastic fault rocks in porous sandstone, Mar. Pet. Geol., 29, 129–142,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.07.009, 2012.
Vai, G. B. and Martini, I. P. (Eds.): Anatomy of an orogen: The Apennines and
Adjacent Mediterranean Basins, Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 637, 2001.
Walderhaug, O.: Modeling quartz cementation and porosity in middle Jurassic
Brent Group sandstones of the Kvitebjørn field, Northern North Sea, AAPG Bull., 84, 1325–1339, 2000.
Whitworth, T. M., Haneberg, W. C., Mozley, P. S., and Goodwin, L. B.:
Solute-sieving-induced calcite precipitation on pulverized quartz sand: experimental results and implications for the
membrane behavior of fault gouge, in: Faults and Subsurface Fluid Flow in the Shallow Crust, edited by: Haneberg, W. C.,
Mozley, P. S., Moore, J. C., and Goodwin, L. B., American Geophysical Union,
Washington, DC, 149–158, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM113p0149, 1999.
Wibberley, C. A. J., Petit, J.-P., and Rives, T.: The mechanics of fault
distribution and localization in high-porosity sands, Provence, France, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 289, 19–46, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP289.3,
2007.
Wilkins, S. J., Davies, R. K., and Naruk, S. J.: Subsurface observations of
deformation bands and their impact on hydrocarbon production within the Holstein Field, Gulf of Mexico, USA, Geol.
Soc. Spec. Publ., 496, 223–252, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-139,
2019.
Williams, R. T., Farver, J. R., Onasch, C. M., and Winslow, D. F.: An
experimental investigation of the role of microfracture surfaces in controlling quartz precipitation rate: applications to fault
zone diagenesis, J. Struct. Geol., 74, 24–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2015.02.011, 2015.
Williams, R. T., Goodwin, L. B., and Mozley, P. S.: Diagenetic controls on
the evolution of fault-zone architecture and permeability structure: Implications for episodicity of fault-zone fluid
transport in extensional basins, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 129, 464–478,
https://doi.org/10.1130/B31443.1, 2016.
Wilson, J. E., Goodwin, L. B., and Lewis, C. J.: Deformation bands in
nonwelded ignimbrites: Petrophysical controls on fault-zone deformation and evidence of preferential fluid flow, Geology,
31, 837–840, https://doi.org/10.1130/G19667R.1, 2003.
Wilson, J. E., Goodwin, L. B., and Lewis, C.: Diagenesis of deformation band
faults: record and mechanical consequences of vadose zone flow and transport in the Bandelier Tuff, Los Alamos, New
Mexico, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 111, B09201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003892, 2006.
Wollast, R.: Kinetic aspects of the nucleation and growth of calcite from
aqueous solutions, in: Carbonate Cements, edited by: Bricker, O. P. and Mackenzie, F. T., J. Hopkins Press, 79, 264–273, 1971.
Short summary
This study focuses on the impact of deformation bands on fluid flow and diagenesis in porous sandstones in two different case studies (northern Apennines, Italy; Provence, France) by combining a variety of multiscalar mapping techniques, detailed field and microstructural observations, and stable isotope analysis. We show that deformation bands buffer and compartmentalize fluid flow and foster and localize diagenesis, recorded by carbonate cement nodules spatially associated with the bands.
This study focuses on the impact of deformation bands on fluid flow and diagenesis in porous...
Special issue