Articles | Volume 14, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-425-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-425-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Apr 2023
Research article |
| 21 Apr 2023
| 21 Apr 2023
Role of inheritance during tectonic inversion of a rift system in basement-involved to salt-decoupled transition: analogue modelling and application to the Pyrenean–Biscay system
Jordi Miró
Institut de Recerca GEOMODELS, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de
Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
Institut de Recerca GEOMODELS, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de
Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
Josep Anton Muñoz
Institut de Recerca GEOMODELS, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de
Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
Gianreto Manastchal
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ITES UMR 7063, Strasbourg 67084, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Marlise Colling Cassel, Nick Kusznir, Gianreto Manatschal, and Daniel Sauter
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2584, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2584, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Atlantic Ocean results from the break-up of the palaeocontinent Gondwana. Since then, the Brazilian and African margins record a thick volcanic layers and received a large contribution of sediments recording this process. We show the influence of early volcanics on the sediments deposited later by analysing the Pelotas Margin, south of Brazil. The volume of volcanic layers is not homogeneous along this sector, promoting variation in the space available to accommodate later sediments.
Elizabeth Parker Wilson, Pablo Granado, Pablo Santolaria, Oriol Ferrer, and Josep Anton Muñoz
Solid Earth, 14, 709–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-709-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-709-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work focuses on the control of accommodation zones on extensional and subsequent inversion in salt-detached domains using sandbox analogue models. During extension, the transfer zone acts as a pathway for the movement of salt, changing the expected geometries. When inverted, the salt layer and syn-inversion sedimentation control the deformation style in the salt-detached cover system. Three natural cases are compared to the model results and show similar inversion geometries.
Oriol Ferrer, Eloi Carola, and Ken McClay
Solid Earth, 14, 571–589, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using an experimental approach based on scaled sandbox models, this work aims to understand how salt above different rotational fault blocks influences the cover geometry and evolution, first during extension and then during inversion. The results show that inherited salt structures constrain contractional deformation. We show for the first time how welds and fault welds are reopened during contractional deformation, having direct implications for the subsurface exploration of natural resources.
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, Oriol Ferrer, Riccardo Reitano, Michael Rudolf, and Ernst Willingshofer
Solid Earth, 13, 1859–1905, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional tectonic forces after its formation, it may be inverted. A thorough understanding of such
basin inversionis of great importance for scientific, societal, and economic reasons, and analogue tectonic models form a key part of our efforts to study these processes. We review the advances in the field of basin inversion modelling, showing how the modelling results can be applied, and we identify promising venues for future research.
Frank Zwaan, Pauline Chenin, Duncan Erratt, Gianreto Manatschal, and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 12, 1473–1495, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1473-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used laboratory experiments to simulate the early evolution of rift systems, and the influence of structural weaknesses left over from previous tectonic events that can localize new deformation. We find that the orientation and type of such weaknesses can induce complex structures with different orientations during a single phase of rifting, instead of requiring multiple rifting phases. These findings provide a strong incentive to reassess the tectonic history of various natural examples.
Stefano Tavani, Pablo Granado, Amerigo Corradetti, Thomas Seers, Josep Maria Casas, and Josep Anton Muñoz
Solid Earth, 11, 1643–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1643-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1643-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Using orthophotos, we manually digitized 30 000 joints in the eastern Ebro Basin of the Pyrenees. Joints are perpendicular to the belt in the frontal portion of the belt and in the inner and central portion of the foredeep basin. Joint orientations in the external portion of the foredeep become less clustered. Joints in the studied area formed in the foredeep in response to foredeep-parallel stretching, which becomes progressively less intense within the external portion of the foredeep basin.
Juan Alcalde, Clare E. Bond, Gareth Johnson, Armelle Kloppenburg, Oriol Ferrer, Rebecca Bell, and Puy Ayarza
Solid Earth, 10, 1651–1662, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1651-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1651-2019, 2019
Carla Patricia Bárbara, Patricia Cabello, Alexandre Bouche, Ingrid Aarnes, Carlos Gordillo, Oriol Ferrer, Maria Roma, and Pau Arbués
Solid Earth, 10, 1597–1619, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1597-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1597-2019, 2019
Stefano Tavani, Pablo Granado, Pau Arbués, Amerigo Corradetti, and J. Anton Muñoz
Solid Earth, 8, 405–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-405-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-405-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In the the Sant Corneli-Bóixols anticline, a syn-growth unconformity divides and de-couples a lower overturned pre-growth unit from an upper syn-growth one. Pre-growth strata and the unconformity underwent syn-folding shearing, even where they are mutually perpendicular. Different and coeval shear senses occurring at different structural positions indicate that regardless of its orientation, layering in the pre- and syn-growth sequences of the anticline was continuously sheared.
A. Bronner, D. Sauter, M. Munschy, J. Carlut, R. Searle, M. Cannat, and G. Manatschal
Solid Earth, 5, 339–354, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-339-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-339-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject area: Tectonic plate interactions, magma genesis, and lithosphere deformation at all scales | Editorial team: Structural geology and tectonics, paleoseismology, rock physics, experimental deformation | Discipline: Structural geology
Multiscalar 3D temporal structural characterisation of Smøla island, mid-Norwegian passive margin: an analogue for unravelling the tectonic history of offshore basement highs
Impact of faults on the remote stress state
Naturally fractured reservoir characterization in heterogeneous sandstones: insight for Uranium In Situ Recovery (Imouraren, Niger)
Subduction plate interface shear stress associated with rapid subduction at deep slow earthquake depths: example from the Sanbagawa belt, southwestern Japan
Multiple phase rifting and subsequent inversion in the West Netherlands Basin: implications for geothermal reservoir characterization
Analogue modelling of basin inversion: implications for the Araripe Basin (Brazil)
Natural fracture patterns at Swift Reservoir anticline, NW Montana: the influence of structural position and lithology from multiple observation scales
Rapid hydration and weakening of anhydrite under stress: implications for natural hydration in the Earth's crust and mantle
Analogue experiments on releasing and restraining bends and their application to the study of the Barents Shear Margin
Structural framework and timing of the Pahtohavare Cu ± Au deposits, Kiruna mining district, Sweden
Does the syn- versus post-rift thickness ratio have an impact on the inversion-related structural style?
Inversion of accommodation zones in salt-bearing extensional systems: insights from analog modeling
Structural control of inherited salt structures during inversion of a domino basement-fault system from an analogue modelling approach
Kinematics and time-resolved evolution of the main thrust-sense shear zone in the Eo-Alpine orogenic wedge (the Vinschgau Shear Zone, eastern Alps)
Water release and homogenization by dynamic recrystallization of quartz
Hydrothermal activity of the Lake Abhe geothermal field (Djibouti): Structural controls and paths for further exploration
Time-dependent frictional properties of granular materials used in analogue modelling: implications for mimicking fault healing during reactivation and inversion
Large grain-size-dependent rheology contrasts of halite at low differential stress: evidence from microstructural study of naturally deformed gneissic Zechstein 2 rock salt (Kristallbrockensalz) from the northern Netherlands
Analogue modelling of the inversion of multiple extensional basins in foreland fold-and-thrust belts
A contribution to the quantification of crustal shortening and kinematics of deformation across the Western Andes ( ∼ 20–22° S)
Rift thermal inheritance in the SW Alps (France): insights from RSCM thermometry and 1D thermal numerical modelling
The Luangwa Rift Active Fault Database and fault reactivation along the southwestern branch of the East African Rift
Clustering has a meaning: optimization of angular similarity to detect 3D geometric anomalies in geological terrains
Shear zone evolution and the path of earthquake rupture
Mechanical compaction mechanisms in the input sediments of the Sumatra subduction complex – insights from microstructural analysis of cores from IODP Expedition 362
Detecting micro fractures: a comprehensive comparison of conventional and machine-learning-based segmentation methods
Multiscale lineament analysis and permeability heterogeneity of fractured crystalline basement blocks
Structural characterization and K–Ar illite dating of reactivated, complex and heterogeneous fault zones: lessons from the Zuccale Fault, Northern Apennines
How do differences in interpreting seismic images affect estimates of geological slip rates?
Progressive veining during peridotite carbonation: insights from listvenites in Hole BT1B, Samail ophiolite (Oman)
Tectonic evolution of the Indio Hills segment of the San Andreas fault in southern California, southwestern USA
Structural diagenesis in ultra-deep tight sandstones in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, China
Variscan structures and their control on latest to post-Variscan basin architecture: insights from the westernmost Bohemian Massif and southeastern Germany
Multi-disciplinary characterizations of the BedrettoLab – a new underground geoscience research facility
Biotite supports long-range diffusive transport in dissolution–precipitation creep in halite through small porosity fluctuations
De-risking the energy transition by quantifying the uncertainties in fault stability
Virtual field trip to the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): delivering traditional geological mapping skills remotely using real data
Marine forearc structure of eastern Java and its role in the 1994 Java tsunami earthquake
Roughness of fracture surfaces in numerical models and laboratory experiments
Impact of basement thrust faults on low-angle normal faults and rift basin evolution: a case study in the Enping sag, Pearl River Basin
Evidence for and significance of the Late Cretaceous Asteroussia event in the Gondwanan Ios basement terranes
Investigating spatial heterogeneity within fracture networks using hierarchical clustering and graph distance metrics
Dating folding beyond folding, from layer-parallel shortening to fold tightening, using mesostructures: lessons from the Apennines, Pyrenees, and Rocky Mountains
Deformation-enhanced diagenesis and bacterial proliferation in the Nankai accretionary prism
Rheological stratification in impure rock salt during long-term creep: morphology, microstructure, and numerical models of multilayer folds in the Ocnele Mari salt mine, Romania
Geodynamic and seismotectonic model of a long-lived transverse structure: The Schio-Vicenza Fault System (NE Italy)
Neogene kinematics of the Giudicarie Belt and eastern Southern Alpine orogenic front (northern Italy)
Fault interpretation uncertainties using seismic data, and the effects on fault seal analysis: a case study from the Horda Platform, with implications for CO2 storage
Reply to Norini and Groppelli's comment on “Estimating the depth and evolution of intrusions at resurgent calderas: Los Humeros (Mexico)” by Urbani et al. (2020)
Emplacement of “exotic” Zechstein slivers along the inverted Sontra Graben (northern Hessen, Germany): clues from balanced cross sections and geometrical forward modeling
Matthew S. Hodge, Guri Venvik, Jochen Knies, Roelant van der Lelij, Jasmin Schönenberger, Øystein Nordgulen, Marco Brönner, Aziz Nasuti, and Giulio Viola
Solid Earth, 15, 589–615, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-589-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-589-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Smøla island, in the mid-Norwegian margin, has complex fracture and fault patterns resulting from tectonic activity. This study uses a multiple-method approach to unravel Smøla's tectonic history. We found five different phases of deformation related to various fracture geometries and minerals dating back hundreds of millions of years. 3D models of these features visualise these structures in space. This approach may help us to understand offshore oil and gas reservoirs hosted in the basement.
Karsten Reiter, Oliver Heidbach, and Moritz O. Ziegler
Solid Earth, 15, 305–327, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is generally assumed that faults have an influence on the stress state of the Earth’s crust. It is questionable whether this influence is still present far away from a fault. Simple numerical models were used to investigate the extent of the influence of faults on the stress state. Several models with different fault representations were investigated. The stress fluctuations further away from the fault (> 1 km) are very small.
Maxime Jamet, Gregory Ballas, Roger Soliva, Olivier Gerbeaud, Thierry Lefebvre, Christine Leredde, and Didier Loggia
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-435, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-435, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Naturally fractured reservoirs are governed by multi-scale transfer properties from matrix to large-scale structures. In this paper, using a multi-method/-scale analysis, we characterize the structural network of a NFR. This characterization is obtained via analysis on satellite images, structure measurements, logs and hydrogeological tests. We found that clustered structures have a significant impact on permeability anisotropy compared to distributed sub-orthogonal joint sets.
Yukinojo Koyama, Simon R. Wallis, and Takayoshi Nagaya
Solid Earth, 15, 143–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Stress along a subduction plate boundary is important for understanding subduction phenomena such as earthquakes. We estimated paleo-stress using quartz recrystallized grain size combined with deformation temperature and P–T paths of exhumed rocks. The obtained results show differential stresses of 30.8–82.7 MPa consistent over depths of 17–27 km in the paleo-subduction boundary. The obtained stress may represent the initial conditions under which slow earthquakes nucleated in the same domain.
Annelotte Weert, Kei Ogata, Francesco Vinci, Coen Leo, Giovanni Bertotti, Jerome Amory, and Stefano Tavani
Solid Earth, 15, 121–141, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
On the road to a sustainable planet, geothermal energy is considered one of the main substitutes when it comes to heating. The geological history of an area can have a major influence on the application of these geothermal systems, as demonstrated in the West Netherlands Basin. Here, multiple episodes of rifting and subsequent basin inversion have controlled the distribution of the reservoir rocks, thus influencing the locations where geothermal energy can be exploited.
Pâmela C. Richetti, Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Renata S. Schmitt, and Timothy C. Schmid
Solid Earth, 14, 1245–1266, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1245-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1245-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Araripe Basin in NE Brazil was originally formed during Cretaceous times, as South America and Africa broke up. The basin is an important analogue to offshore South Atlantic break-up basins; its sediments were uplifted and are now found at 1000 m height, allowing for studies thereof, but the cause of the uplift remains debated. Here we ran a series of tectonic laboratory experiments that show how a specific plate tectonic configuration can explain the evolution of the Araripe Basin.
Adam J. Cawood, Hannah Watkins, Clare E. Bond, Marian J. Warren, and Mark A. Cooper
Solid Earth, 14, 1005–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1005-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1005-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we test conceptual models of fracture development by investigating fractures across multiple scales. We find that most fractures increase in abundance towards the fold hinge, and we interpret these as being fold related. Other fractures at the site show inconsistent orientations and are unrelated to fold formation. Our results show that predicting fracture patterns requires the consideration of multiple geologic variables.
Johanna Heeb, David Healy, Nicholas E. Timms, and Enrique Gomez-Rivas
Solid Earth, 14, 985–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hydration of rocks is a key process in the Earth’s crust and mantle that is accompanied by changes in physical traits and mechanical behaviour of rocks. This study assesses the influence of stress on hydration reaction kinetics and mechanics in experiments on anhydrite. We show that hydration occurs readily under stress and results in localized hydration along fractures and mechanic weakening. New gypsum growth is selective and depends on the stress field and host anhydrite crystal orientation.
Roy Helge Gabrielsen, Panagiotis Athanasios Giannenas, Dimitrios Sokoutis, Ernst Willingshofer, Muhammad Hassaan, and Jan Inge Faleide
Solid Earth, 14, 961–983, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-961-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-961-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Barents Shear Margin defines the border between the relatively shallow Barents Sea that is situated on a continental plate and the deep ocean. This margin's evolution history was probably influenced by plate tectonic reorganizations. From scaled experiments, we deduced several types of structures (faults, folds, and sedimentary basins) that help us to improve the understanding of the history of the opening of the North Atlantic.
Leslie Logan, Ervin Veress, Joel B. H. Andersson, Olof Martinsson, and Tobias E. Bauer
Solid Earth, 14, 763–784, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-763-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-763-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Pahtohavare Cu ± Au deposits in the Kiruna mining district have a dubious timing of formation and have not been contextualized within an up-to-date tectonic framework. Structural mapping was carried out to reveal that the deposits are hosted in brittle structures that cut a noncylindrical, SE-plunging anticline constrained to have formed during the late-Svecokarelian orogeny. These results show that Cu ± Au mineralization formed more than ca. 80 Myr after iron oxide–apatite mineralization.
Alexandra Tamas, Dan M. Tamas, Gabor Tari, Csaba Krezsek, Alexandru Lapadat, and Zsolt Schleder
Solid Earth, 14, 741–761, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-741-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-741-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tectonic processes are complex and often difficult to understand due to the limitations of surface or subsurface data. One such process is inversion tectonics, which means that an area initially developed in an extension (such as the opening of an ocean) is reversed to compression (the process leading to mountain building). In this research, we use a laboratory method (analogue modelling), and with the help of a sandbox, we try to better understand structures (folds/faults) related to inversion.
Elizabeth Parker Wilson, Pablo Granado, Pablo Santolaria, Oriol Ferrer, and Josep Anton Muñoz
Solid Earth, 14, 709–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-709-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-709-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work focuses on the control of accommodation zones on extensional and subsequent inversion in salt-detached domains using sandbox analogue models. During extension, the transfer zone acts as a pathway for the movement of salt, changing the expected geometries. When inverted, the salt layer and syn-inversion sedimentation control the deformation style in the salt-detached cover system. Three natural cases are compared to the model results and show similar inversion geometries.
Oriol Ferrer, Eloi Carola, and Ken McClay
Solid Earth, 14, 571–589, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using an experimental approach based on scaled sandbox models, this work aims to understand how salt above different rotational fault blocks influences the cover geometry and evolution, first during extension and then during inversion. The results show that inherited salt structures constrain contractional deformation. We show for the first time how welds and fault welds are reopened during contractional deformation, having direct implications for the subsurface exploration of natural resources.
Chiara Montemagni, Stefano Zanchetta, Martina Rocca, Igor M. Villa, Corrado Morelli, Volkmar Mair, and Andrea Zanchi
Solid Earth, 14, 551–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-551-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-551-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Vinschgau Shear Zone (VSZ) is one of the largest and most significant shear zones developed within the Late Cretaceous thrust stack in the Austroalpine domain of the eastern Alps. 40Ar / 39Ar geochronology constrains the activity of the VSZ between 97 and 80 Ma. The decreasing vorticity towards the core of the shear zone, coupled with the younging of mylonites, points to a shear thinning behavior. The deepest units of the Eo-Alpine orogenic wedge were exhumed along the VSZ.
Junichi Fukuda, Takamoto Okudaira, and Yukiko Ohtomo
Solid Earth, 14, 409–424, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured water distributions in deformed quartz by infrared spectroscopy mapping and used the results to discuss changes in water distribution resulting from textural development. Because of the grain size reduction process (dynamic recrystallization), water contents decrease from 40–1750 wt ppm in host grains of ~2 mm to 100–510 wt ppm in recrystallized regions composed of fine grains of ~10 µm. Our results indicate that water is released and homogenized by dynamic recrystallization.
Bastien Walter, Yves Géraud, Alexiane Favier, Nadjib Chibati, and Marc Diraison
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-397, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-397, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Abhe in southwestern Djibouti is known for its exposures of massive hydrothermal chimneys and hot springs on the lake’s eastern shore. This study highlights the control of the main structural faults of the area on the development of these hydrothermal features. This work contributes to better understand hydrothermal fluid pathways in this area and may help further exploration for the geothermal development of this remarkable site.
Michael Rudolf, Matthias Rosenau, and Onno Oncken
Solid Earth, 14, 311–331, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-311-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-311-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Analogue models of tectonic processes rely on the reproduction of their geometry, kinematics and dynamics. An important property is fault behaviour, which is linked to the frictional characteristics of the fault gouge. This is represented by granular materials, such as quartz sand. In our study we investigate the time-dependent frictional properties of various analogue materials and highlight their impact on the suitability of these materials for analogue models focusing on fault reactivation.
Jessica Barabasch, Joyce Schmatz, Jop Klaver, Alexander Schwedt, and Janos L. Urai
Solid Earth, 14, 271–291, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed Zechstein salt with microscopes and observed specific microstructures that indicate much faster deformation in rock salt with fine halite grains when compared to salt with larger grains. This is important because people build large cavities in the subsurface salt for energy storage or want to deposit radioactive waste inside it. When engineers and scientists use grain-size data and equations that include this mechanism, it will help to make better predictions in geological models.
Nicolás Molnar and Susanne Buiter
Solid Earth, 14, 213–235, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-213-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-213-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Progression of orogenic wedges over pre-existing extensional structures is common in nature, but deciphering the spatio-temporal evolution of deformation from the geological record remains challenging. Our laboratory experiments provide insights on how horizontal stresses are transferred across a heterogeneous crust, constrain which pre-shortening conditions can either favour or hinder the reactivatation of extensional structures, and explain what implications they have on critical taper theory.
Tania Habel, Martine Simoes, Robin Lacassin, Daniel Carrizo, and German Aguilar
Solid Earth, 14, 17–42, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-17-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-17-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Central Andes are one of the most emblematic reliefs on Earth, but their western flank remains understudied. Here we explore two rare key sites in the hostile conditions of the Atacama desert to build cross-sections, quantify crustal shortening, and discuss the timing of this deformation at ∼20–22°S. We propose that the structures of the Western Andes accommodated significant crustal shortening here, but only during the earliest stages of mountain building.
Naïm Célini, Frédéric Mouthereau, Abdeltif Lahfid, Claude Gout, and Jean-Paul Callot
Solid Earth, 14, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the peak temperature of sedimentary rocks of the SW Alps (France), using Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material. This method provides an estimate of the peak temperature achieved by organic-rich rocks. To determine the timing and the tectonic context of the origin of these temperatures we use 1D thermal modelling. We find that the high temperatures up to 300 °C were achieved during precollisional extensional events, not during tectonic burial in the Western Alps.
Luke N. J. Wedmore, Tess Turner, Juliet Biggs, Jack N. Williams, Henry M. Sichingabula, Christine Kabumbu, and Kawawa Banda
Solid Earth, 13, 1731–1753, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1731-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1731-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Mapping and compiling the attributes of faults capable of hosting earthquakes are important for the next generation of seismic hazard assessment. We document 18 active faults in the Luangwa Rift, Zambia, in an active fault database. These faults are between 9 and 207 km long offset Quaternary sediments, have scarps up to ~30 m high, and are capable of hosting earthquakes from Mw 5.8 to 8.1. We associate the Molaza Fault with surface ruptures from two unattributed M 6+ 20th century earthquakes.
Michał P. Michalak, Lesław Teper, Florian Wellmann, Jerzy Żaba, Krzysztof Gaidzik, Marcin Kostur, Yuriy P. Maystrenko, and Paulina Leonowicz
Solid Earth, 13, 1697–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1697-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1697-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When characterizing geological/geophysical surfaces, various geometric attributes are calculated, such as dip angle (1D) or dip direction (2D). However, the boundaries between specific values may be subjective and without optimization significance, resulting from using default color palletes. This study proposes minimizing cosine distance among within-cluster observations to detect 3D anomalies. Our results suggest that the method holds promise for identification of megacylinders or megacones.
Erik M. Young, Christie D. Rowe, and James D. Kirkpatrick
Solid Earth, 13, 1607–1629, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1607-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Studying how earthquakes spread deep within the faults they originate from is crucial to improving our understanding of the earthquake process. We mapped preserved ancient earthquake surfaces that are now exposed in South Africa and studied their relationship with the shape and type of rocks surrounding them. We determined that these surfaces are not random and are instead associated with specific kinds of rocks and that their shape is linked to the evolution of the faults in which they occur.
Sivaji Lahiri, Kitty L. Milliken, Peter Vrolijk, Guillaume Desbois, and Janos L. Urai
Solid Earth, 13, 1513–1539, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1513-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1513-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the mechanism of mechanical compaction is important. Previous studies on mechanical compaction were mostly done by performing experiments. Studies on natural rocks are rare due to compositional heterogeneity of the sedimentary succession with depth. Due to remarkable similarity in composition and grain size, the Sumatra subduction complex provides a unique opportunity to study the micromechanism of mechanical compaction on natural samples.
Dongwon Lee, Nikolaos Karadimitriou, Matthias Ruf, and Holger Steeb
Solid Earth, 13, 1475–1494, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1475-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1475-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research article focuses on filtering and segmentation methods employed in high-resolution µXRCT studies for crystalline rocks, bearing fractures, or fracture networks, of very small aperture. Specifically, we focus on the identification of artificially induced (via quenching) fractures in Carrara marble samples. Results from the same dataset from all five different methods adopted were produced and compared with each other in terms of their output quality and time efficiency.
Alberto Ceccato, Giulia Tartaglia, Marco Antonellini, and Giulio Viola
Solid Earth, 13, 1431–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Earth's surface is commonly characterized by the occurrence of fractures, which can be mapped, and their can be geometry quantified on digital representations of the surface at different scales of observation. Here we present a series of analytical and statistical tools, which can aid the quantification of fracture spatial distribution at different scales. In doing so, we can improve our understanding of how fracture geometry and geology affect fluid flow within the fractured Earth crust.
Giulio Viola, Giovanni Musumeci, Francesco Mazzarini, Lorenzo Tavazzani, Manuel Curzi, Espen Torgersen, Roelant van der Lelij, and Luca Aldega
Solid Earth, 13, 1327–1351, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1327-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1327-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A structural-geochronological approach helps to unravel the Zuccale Fault's architecture. By mapping its internal structure and dating some of its fault rocks, we constrained a deformation history lasting 20 Myr starting at ca. 22 Ma. Such long activity is recorded by now tightly juxtaposed brittle structural facies, i.e. different types of fault rocks. Our results also have implications on the regional evolution of the northern Apennines, of which the Zuccale Fault is an important structure.
Wan-Lin Hu
Solid Earth, 13, 1281–1290, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1281-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1281-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Having a seismic image is generally expected to enable us to better determine fault geometry and thus estimate geological slip rates accurately. However, the process of interpreting seismic images may introduce unintended uncertainties, which have not yet been widely discussed. Here, a case of a shear fault-bend fold in the frontal Himalaya is used to demonstrate how differences in interpretations can affect the following estimates of slip rates and dependent conclusions.
Manuel D. Menzel, Janos L. Urai, Estibalitz Ukar, Thierry Decrausaz, and Marguerite Godard
Solid Earth, 13, 1191–1218, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Mantle rocks can bind large quantities of carbon by reaction with CO2, but this capacity requires fluid pathways not to be clogged by carbonate. We studied mantle rocks from Oman to understand the mechanisms allowing their transformation into carbonate and quartz. Using advanced imaging techniques, we show that abundant veins were essential fluid pathways driving the reaction. Our results show that tectonic stress was important for fracture opening and a key ingredient for carbon fixation.
Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl, Steffen G. Bergh, and Arthur G. Sylvester
Solid Earth, 13, 1169–1190, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1169-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1169-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The San Andreas fault is a major active fault associated with ongoing earthquake sequences in southern California. The present study investigates the development of the Indio Hills area in the Coachella Valley along the main San Andreas fault and the Indio Hills fault. The Indio Hills area is located near an area with high ongoing earthquake activity (Brawley seismic zone), and, therefore, its recent tectonic evolution has implications for earthquake prediction.
Jin Lai, Dong Li, Yong Ai, Hongkun Liu, Deyang Cai, Kangjun Chen, Yuqiang Xie, and Guiwen Wang
Solid Earth, 13, 975–1002, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-975-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-975-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
(1) Structural diagenesis analysis is performed on the ultra-deep tight sandstone. (2) Fracture and intergranular pores are related to the low in situ stress magnitudes. (3) Dissolution is associated with the presence of fracture.
Hamed Fazlikhani, Wolfgang Bauer, and Harald Stollhofen
Solid Earth, 13, 393–416, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Interpretation of newly acquired FRANKEN 2D seismic survey data in southeeastern Germany shows that upper Paleozoic low-grade metasedimentary rocks and possible nappe units are transported by Variscan shear zones to ca. 65 km west of the Franconian Fault System (FFS). We show that the locations of post-Variscan upper Carboniferous–Permian normal faults and associated graben and half-graben basins are controlled by the geometry of underlying Variscan shear zones.
Xiaodong Ma, Marian Hertrich, Florian Amann, Kai Bröker, Nima Gholizadeh Doonechaly, Valentin Gischig, Rebecca Hochreutener, Philipp Kästli, Hannes Krietsch, Michèle Marti, Barbara Nägeli, Morteza Nejati, Anne Obermann, Katrin Plenkers, Antonio P. Rinaldi, Alexis Shakas, Linus Villiger, Quinn Wenning, Alba Zappone, Falko Bethmann, Raymi Castilla, Francisco Seberto, Peter Meier, Thomas Driesner, Simon Loew, Hansruedi Maurer, Martin O. Saar, Stefan Wiemer, and Domenico Giardini
Solid Earth, 13, 301–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-301-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-301-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Questions on issues such as anthropogenic earthquakes and deep geothermal energy developments require a better understanding of the fractured rock. Experiments conducted at reduced scales but with higher-resolution observations can shed some light. To this end, the BedrettoLab was recently established in an existing tunnel in Ticino, Switzerland, with preliminary efforts to characterize realistic rock mass behavior at the hectometer scale.
Berit Schwichtenberg, Florian Fusseis, Ian B. Butler, and Edward Andò
Solid Earth, 13, 41–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-41-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-41-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydraulic rock properties such as porosity and permeability are relevant factors that have an impact on groundwater resources, geological repositories and fossil fuel reservoirs. We investigate the influence of chemical compaction upon the porosity evolution in salt–biotite mixtures and related transport length scales by conducting laboratory experiments in combination with 4-D analysis. Our observations invite a renewed discussion of the effect of sheet silicates on chemical compaction.
David Healy and Stephen Paul Hicks
Solid Earth, 13, 15–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-15-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-15-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The energy transition requires operations in faulted rocks. To manage the technical challenges and public concern over possible induced earthquakes, we need to quantify the risks. We calculate the probability of fault slip based on uncertain inputs, stresses, fluid pressures, and the mechanical properties of rocks in fault zones. Our examples highlight the specific gaps in our knowledge. Citizen science projects could produce useful data and include the public in the discussions about hazards.
Manuel I. de Paz-Álvarez, Thomas G. Blenkinsop, David M. Buchs, George E. Gibbons, and Lesley Cherns
Solid Earth, 13, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a virtual geological mapping course implemented in response to travelling and social restrictions derived from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The course was designed to replicate a physical mapping exercise as closely as possible with the aid of real field data and photographs collected by the authors during previous years in the Cantabrian Zone (NW Spain). The course is delivered through Google Earth via a KMZ file with outcrop descriptions and links to GitHub-hosted photographs.
Yueyang Xia, Jacob Geersen, Dirk Klaeschen, Bo Ma, Dietrich Lange, Michael Riedel, Michael Schnabel, and Heidrun Kopp
Solid Earth, 12, 2467–2477, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2467-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2467-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The 2 June 1994 Java tsunami earthquake ruptured in a seismically quiet subduction zone and generated a larger-than-expected tsunami. Here, we re-process a seismic line across the rupture area. We show that a subducting seamount is located up-dip of the mainshock in a region that did not rupture during the earthquake. Seamount subduction modulates the topography of the marine forearc and acts as a seismic barrier in the 1994 earthquake rupture.
Steffen Abe and Hagen Deckert
Solid Earth, 12, 2407–2424, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2407-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2407-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use numerical simulations and laboratory experiments on rock samples to investigate how stress conditions influence the geometry and roughness of fracture surfaces. The roughness of the surfaces was analyzed in terms of absolute roughness and scaling properties. The results show that the surfaces are self-affine but with different scaling properties between the numerical models and the real rock samples. Results suggest that stress conditions have little influence on the surface roughness.
Chao Deng, Rixiang Zhu, Jianhui Han, Yu Shu, Yuxiang Wu, Kefeng Hou, and Wei Long
Solid Earth, 12, 2327–2350, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2327-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2327-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses seismic reflection data to interpret the geometric relationship and evolution of intra-basement and rift-related structures in the Enping sag in the northern South China Sea. Our observations suggest the primary control of pre-existing thrust faults is the formation of low-angle normal faults, with possible help from low-friction materials, and the significant role of pre-existing basement thrust faults in fault geometry, paleotopography, and syn-rift stratigraphy of rift basins.
Sonia Yeung, Marnie Forster, Emmanuel Skourtsos, and Gordon Lister
Solid Earth, 12, 2255–2275, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2255-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2255-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We do not know when the ancient Tethys Ocean lithosphere began to founder, but one clue can be found in subduction accreted tectonic slices, including Gondwanan basement terranes on the island of Ios, Cyclades, Greece. We propose a 250–300 km southwards jump of the subduction megathrust with a period of flat-slab subduction followed by slab break-off. The initiation and its subsequent rollback of a new subduction zone would explain the onset of Oligo–Miocene extension and accompanying magmatism.
Rahul Prabhakaran, Giovanni Bertotti, Janos Urai, and David Smeulders
Solid Earth, 12, 2159–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2159-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2159-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rock fractures are organized as networks with spatially varying arrangements. Due to networks' influence on bulk rock behaviour, it is important to quantify network spatial variation. We utilize an approach where fracture networks are treated as spatial graphs. By combining graph similarity measures with clustering techniques, spatial clusters within large-scale fracture networks are identified and organized hierarchically. The method is validated on a dataset with nearly 300 000 fractures.
Olivier Lacombe, Nicolas E. Beaudoin, Guilhem Hoareau, Aurélie Labeur, Christophe Pecheyran, and Jean-Paul Callot
Solid Earth, 12, 2145–2157, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2145-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2145-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to illustrate how the timing and duration of contractional deformation associated with folding in orogenic forelands can be constrained by the dating of brittle mesostructures observed in folded strata. The study combines new and already published absolute ages of fractures to provide, for the first time, an educated discussion about the factors controlling the duration of the sequence of deformation encompassing layer-parallel shortening, fold growth, and late fold tightening.
Vincent Famin, Hugues Raimbourg, Muriel Andreani, and Anne-Marie Boullier
Solid Earth, 12, 2067–2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sediments accumulated in accretionary prisms are deformed by the compression imposed by plate subduction. Here we show that deformation of the sediments transforms some minerals in them. We suggest that these mineral transformations are due to the proliferation of microorganisms boosted by deformation. Deformation-enhanced microbial proliferation may change our view of sedimentary and tectonic processes in subduction zones.
Marta Adamuszek, Dan M. Tămaş, Jessica Barabasch, and Janos L. Urai
Solid Earth, 12, 2041–2065, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2041-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2041-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse folded multilayer sequences in the Ocnele Mari salt mine (Romania) to gain insight into the long-term rheological behaviour of rock salt. Our results indicate the large role of even a small number of impurities in the rock salt for its effective mechanical behaviour. We demonstrate how the development of folds that occur at various scales can be used to constrain the viscosity ratio in the deformed multilayer sequence.
Dario Zampieri, Paola Vannoli, and Pierfrancesco Burrato
Solid Earth, 12, 1967–1986, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1967-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1967-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The long-lived Schio-Vicenza Fault System is a major shear zone cross-cutting the foreland and the thrust belt of the eastern southern Alps. We review 150 years of scientific works and explain its activity and kinematics, characterized by sinistral and dextral transcurrent motion along its southern and northern sections, respectively, by a geodynamic model that has the Adria indenter as the main actor and coherently reconciles the available geological and geophysical evidence collected so far.
Vincent F. Verwater, Eline Le Breton, Mark R. Handy, Vincenzo Picotti, Azam Jozi Najafabadi, and Christian Haberland
Solid Earth, 12, 1309–1334, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1309-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1309-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Balancing along geological cross sections reveals that the Giudicarie Belt comprises two kinematic domains. The SW domain accommodated at least ~ 18 km Late Oligocene to Early Miocene shortening. Since the Middle Miocene, the SW domain experienced at least ~ 12–22 km shortening, whereas the NE domain underwent at least ~ 25–35 km. Together, these domains contributed to ~ 40–47 km of sinistral offset of the Periadriatic Fault along the Northern Giudicarie Fault since the Late Oligocene.
Emma A. H. Michie, Mark J. Mulrooney, and Alvar Braathen
Solid Earth, 12, 1259–1286, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1259-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1259-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Generating an accurate model of the subsurface is crucial when assessing a site for CO2 storage, particularly for a fault-bound storage site that may act as a seal or could reactivate upon CO2 injection. However, we have shown how picking strategy, i.e. line spacing, chosen to create the model significantly influences any subsequent fault analyses but is surprisingly rarely discussed. This analysis has been performed on the Vette Fault bounding the Smeaheia potential CO2 storage site.
Stefano Urbani, Guido Giordano, Federico Lucci, Federico Rossetti, and Gerardo Carrasco-Núñez
Solid Earth, 12, 1111–1124, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1111-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1111-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Structural studies in active calderas have a key role in the exploration of geothermal systems. We reply in detail to the points raised by the comment of Norini and Groppelli (2020), strengthening the relevance of our structural fieldwork for geothermal exploration and exploitation in active caldera geothermal systems including the Los Humeros caldera.
Jakob Bolz and Jonas Kley
Solid Earth, 12, 1005–1024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1005-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1005-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To assess the role smaller graben structures near the southern edge of the Central European Basin System play in the basin’s overall deformational history, we take advantage of a feature found on some of these structures, where slivers from older rock units appear along the graben's main fault, surrounded on both sides by younger strata. The implications for the geometry of the fault provide a substantially improved estimate for the magnitude of normal and thrust motion along the fault system.
Cited articles
Acocella, V., Salvini, F., Funiciello, R., and Faccenna, C.: The role of
transfer structures on volcanic activity at Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy),
J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 91, 123–139,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S3077-0273(99)00032-3, 1999.
Alonso, J., Pulgar, J., García-Ramos, J., and Barba, P.: Tertiary
basins and Alpine tectonics in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain), in:
Tertiary Basins of Spain: The Stratigraphic Record of Crustal Kinematics,
edited by: Friend, P. F. and Dabrio, C. J., Cambrigde University Press, Cambridge,
UK, 214–227, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511524851, 1996.
Alonso, J., Pulgar, J., and Pedreira, D.: El relieve de la Cordillera
Cantábrica,
Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la Tierra, 15, 151–163, 2007.
Amilibia, A., McClay, K. R., Sàbat, F., Muñoz, J. A., and Roca, E.:
Analogue modelling of inverted oblique rift systems, Geol. Acta, 3,
251–271, https://doi.org/10.1344/105.000001395, 2005.
Angrand, P. and Mouthereau, F.: Evolution of the Alpine orogenic belts in
the Western Mediterranean region as resolved by the kinematics of the
Europe-Africa diffuse plate boundary, B. Soc. Geol. Fr., 192, 42 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2021031, 2021.
Asti, R., Saspiturry, N., and Angrand, P.: The Mesozoic Iberia-Eurasia
diffuse plate boundary: A wide domain of distributed transtensional
deformation progressively focusing along the North Pyrenean Zone,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 230, 104040,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104040, 2022.
Bahroudi, A. and Koyi, H.: Effect of spatial distribution of Hormuz salt on
deformation style in the Zagros fold and thrust belt: an analogue modelling
approach, J. Geol. Soc. London, 160, 719–733,
https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764902-135, 2003.
Beaumont, C., Muñoz, J. A., Hamilton, J., and Fullsack, P.: Factors
controlling the Alpine evolution of the central Pyrenees inferred from a
comparison of observations and geodynamical models, J. Geophys. Res-Sol.
Ea., 105, 8121–8145, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900390, 2000.
Bonini, M., Sani, F., and Antonielli, B.: Basin inversion and contractional
reactivation of inherited normal faults: A review based on previous and new
experimental models, Tectonophysics, 522, 55–88,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.11.014, 2012.
Cadenas, P., Fernández-Viejo, G., Pulgar, J. A., Tugend, J., Manatschal,
G., and Minshull, T. A.: Constraints imposed by rift inheritance on the
compressional reactivation of a hyperextended margin: Mapping rift domains
in the North Iberian margin and in the Cantabrian Mountains, Tectonics,
37, 758–785, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016TC004454, 2018.
Cadenas, P., Manatschal, G., and Fernández-Viejo, G.: Unravelling the
architecture and evolution of the inverted multi-stage North Iberian-Bay of
Biscay rift, Gondwana Res., 88, 67–87,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2020.06.026, 2020.
Cámara, P.: Inverted turtle salt anticlines in the eastern
Basque-Cantabrian basin, Spain, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 117, 104358,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104358, 2020.
Cámara, P. and Flinch, J. F.: The southern Pyrenees: A salt-based
fold-and-thrust belt, in: Permo-Triassic Salt Provinces of Europe, North
Africa and the Atlantic Margins, edited by: Soto, J. I., Flinch, J. F., and
Tari, G., Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherland, 395–415,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809417-4.00019-7, 2017.
Carola, E., Tavani, S., Ferrer, O., Granado, P., Quintà, A.,
Butillé, M., and Muñoz, J. A.: Along-strike extrusion at the
transition between thin- and thick-skinned domains in the Pyrenean Orogen
(northern Spain), in: Thick-skin-dominated orogens: From initial inversion
to full accretion, edited by: Nemčok, M., Mora, A., and Cosgrove, J. W., Geol.
Soc., London, Spec. Publ., 377, 119–140, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP377.3,
2013.
Carola, E., Muñoz, J. A., and Roca, E.: The transition from thick-skinned
to thin-skinned tectonics in the Basque-Cantabrian Pyrenees: The Burgalesa
Platform and surroundings, Int. J. Earth Sci., 104, 2215–2239,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-015-1177-z, 2015.
Carrera, N. and Muñoz, J. A.: Thick-skinned tectonic style resulting from
the inversion of previous structures in the southern Cordillera Oriental (NW
Argentine Andes), in: Thick-skin-dominated orogens: From initial inversion
to full accretion, edited by: Nemčok, M., Mora, A., and Cosgrove,
J. W., Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ., 377, 77–100,
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP377.2, 2013.
Carrera, N., Muñoz, J. A., Sàbat, F., Mon, R., and Roca, E.: The role
of inversion tectonics in the structure of the Cordillera Oriental (NW
Argentinean Andes), J. Struct. Geol., 28, 1921–1932,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2006.07.006, 2006.
Célini, N., Callot, J.-P., Ringenbach, J.-C., and Graham, R.: Jurassic
Salt Tectonics in the SW Sub-Alpine Fold-and-Thrust Belt, Tectonics, 39,
e2020TC006107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006107, 2020.
Chenin, P., Manatschal, G., Picazo, S., Müntener, O., Karner, G.,
Johnson, C., and Ulrich, M.: Influence of the architecture of magma-poor
hyperextended rifted margins on orogens produced by the closure of narrow
versus wide oceans, Geosphere, 13, 559–576,
https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01363.1, 2017.
Chevrot, S., Sylvander, M., Díaz, J., Martin, R., Mouthereau, F.,
Manatschal, G., Masini, E., Calassou, S., Grimaud, F., Pauchet, H., and
Ruiz, M.: The non-cylindrical crustal architecture of the Pyrenees, Sci. Rep.,
8, 9591, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27889-x, 2018.
Cooper, M. A., Williams, G. D., de Graciansky, P. C., Murphy, R. W., Needham,
T., de Paor, D., Stoneley, R., Todd, S. P., Turner, J. P., and Ziegler, P. A.:
Inversion tectonics – a discussion, in: Inversion Tectonics, edited by:
Copper, M. A. and Williams, G. D., Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ., 44,
335–347, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.18, 1989.
Costa, E. and Vendeville, B. B.: Experimental insights on the geometry and
kinematics of fold-and-thrust belt above weak, viscous evaporitic
décollement, J. Struct. Geol., 24, 1729–1739, 2002.
Cotton, J. and Koyi, H.: Modelling of thrust fronts above ductile and
frictional décollements; examples from The Salt Range and Potwar
Plateau, Pakistan, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 112, 351–363,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<351:MOTFAD>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Dell'Ertole, D. and Schellart, W. P.: The development of sheath folds in
viscously stratified materials in simple shear conditions: An analogue
approach, J. Struct. Geol., 6, 129–141,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2013.09.002, 2013.
Del Ventissette, C., Montanari, D., Bonini, M., and Sani, F.: Basin
inversion and fault reactivation in laboratory experiments. J. Struct.
Geol., 28, 2067–2083, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2006.07.012, 2006.
Dooley, T. P. and Hudec, M. R.: Extension and inversion of salt-bearing rift systems, Solid Earth, 11, 1187–1204, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1187-2020, 2020.
Dooley, T., McClay, K. R., Hempton, M., and Smit, D.: Salt tectonics above
complex basement extensional fault systems: results from analogue modelling,
in: Petroleum Geology: North-West Europe and global perspectives –
Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference, edited by: Doré,
A. G. and Vining, B. A., Geological Society, London, 6, 1631–1648,
https://doi.org/10.1144/0061631, 2005.
Espina, R. G.: Extensión mesozoica y acortamiento alpino en el borde
occidental de la Cuenca Vasco Cantábrica, Cad. Lab. Xeol. Laxe, 19,
137–150, 1994.
Espina, R. G.: Tectónica extensional en el borde occidental de la Cuenca
Vasco-Cantábrica (Cordillera Cantábrica, NO de España),
Geogaceta, 20, 890–892, 1996.
Ferrer, O., Roca, E., Benjumea, B., Munoz, J., Ellouz, N., and MARCONI, T.:
The deep seismic reflection MARCONI-3 profile: Role of extensional Mesozoic
structure during the Pyrenean contractional deformation at the eastern part
of the Bay of Biscay, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 25, 714–730, 2008.
Ferrer, O., McClay, K. R., and Sellier, N. C.: Influence of fault geometries and
mechanical anisotropies on the growth and inversion of hanging-wall
synclinal basins: insights from sandbox models and natural examples, in: The
Geometry and Growth of Normal Faults, edited by: Child, C., Holdsworth,
R. E., Jackson, C. A. L., Manzocchi, T., Walsh, J. J., and Yieldings, G., Geol.
Soc., London, Spec. Publ., 439, 487–509, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP439.8,
2016.
Ferrer, O., Carola, E., and McClay, K.: Structural control of inherited salt structures during inversion of a domino basement-fault system from an analogue modelling approach, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1183, 2022.
Ferrer, O., Carola, E., McClay, K., and Bufaliza, N.: Analogue modeling of
domino-style extensional fault basement fault systems with precinematic
salt, AAPG Bull., 107, 23–47, https://doi.org/10.1306/08072221188, 2023.
Frasca, G., Manatschal, G., Cadenas, P., Miró, J., and Lescoutre, R.: A
kinematic reconstruction of Iberia using intracontinental strike-slip
corridors, Terra Nova, 33, 573–581, https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12549, 2021.
Gallastegui, J.: Estructura cortical de la cordillera y margen continental
cantábricos: perfiles ESCI-N, Trabajos de Geología, 22, 3–234,
https://doi.org/10.17811/tdg.22.2000.3-234, 2000.
Gallastegui, J., Pulgar, J. A., and Gallart, J.: Alpine tectonic wedging and crustal delamination in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain), Solid Earth, 7, 1043–1057, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1043-2016, 2016.
García de Cortázar, A. and Pujalte, V.: Litoestratigrafia y facies
del Grupo Cabuérniga (Malm-Valanginiense inferior?) al S de Cantabria-NE
de Palencia, Cuadernos de Geología Ibérica, 8, 5–21, 1982.
García-Senz, J., Pedrera, A., Ayala, C., Ruiz-Constán, A., Robador,
A., and Rodríguez-Fernández, L. R.: Inversion of the north Iberian
hyperextended margin: the role of exhumed mantle indentation during
continental collision, in: Fold and thrust belts: Structural style,
evolution and exploration, edited by: Hammerstein, J. A., Di Cuia, R.,
Cottam, M. A., Zamora, G., and Butler, R. W. H., Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ.,
490, 177–198, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP490-2019-112, 2019.
Ghani, H., Zeilinger, G., Sobel, E. R., and, Heidarzadeh, G.: Structural
variation within the Himalayan fold and thrust belt: A case study from the
Kohat-Potwar Fold Thrust Belt of Pakistan. J. Struct. Geol., 116, 34–46,
https.//doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.07.022, 2018.
Gómez, J. J., Goy, A., and Barrón, E.: Events around the
Triassic–Jurassic boundary in northern and eastern Spain: a review,
Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 244, 89–110,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.025, 2007.
Granado, P., Ferrer, O., Muñoz, J. A., Thöny, W., and Strauss, P.:
Basin inversion in tectonic wedges: Insights from analogue modelling and the
Alpine-Carpathian fold-and-thrust belt, Tectonophysics, 703–704, 50–68,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.02.022, 2017.
Granado, P., Roca, E., Strauss, P., Pelz, K., and Munoz, J. A.: Structural
styles in fold-and-thrust belts involving early salt structures: The
Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria), Geology, 47, 51–54,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G45281.1, 2018.
Hardy, S., McClay, K., and Muñoz, J. A.: Deformation and fault activity
in space and time in high-resolution numerical models of doubly vergent
thrust wedges, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 26, 232–248,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.12.003, 2009.
Hubbert, M. K.: Mechanical basis for certain familiar geologic structures,
Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 62, 355–372,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1951)62[355:MBFCFG]2.0.CO;2, 1951.
Huiqi, L., McClay, K. R., and Powell, D.: Physical models of thrust wedges, in: Thrust Tectonics, edited by: McClay, K. R., Chapman and Hall, London, 71–81, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0_6, 1992.
Iaffa, D. N., Sàbat, F., Bello, D., Ferrer, O., Monn, R., and Gutierrez,
A. A.: Tectonic inversion in a segmented foreland basin from extensional to
piggy back settings: The Tucumán Basin in NW Argentina, J. S. Am. Earth
Sci., 31, 457–474, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2011.02.009, 2011a.
Iaffa, D. N., Sàbat, F., Muñoz, J. A., Mon, R., and Gutierrez, A. A.:
The role of inherited structures in a foreland basin evolution. The
Metán Basin in NW Argentina, J. Struct. Geol., 33, 1816–1828,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2011.09.005, 2011b.
Jackson, M. P., Vendeville, B. C., and Schultz-Ela, D. D.: Structural dynamics
of salt systems, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 22, 93–117,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.22.050194.000521, 1994.
Jaumé, S. C. and Lillie, R. J.: Mechanics of the Salt Range-Potwar
Plateau, Pakistan: a fold-and-thrust belt underlain by evaporites,
Tectonics, 7, 57–71, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC007i001p00057, 1988.
Jourdon, A., Mouthereau, F., Pourhiet, L. L., and Callot, J.-P.: Topographic
and Tectonic Evolution of Mountain Belts Controlled by Salt Thickness and
Rift Architecture, Tectonics, 39, e2019TC005903,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC005903, 2020.
Lagabrielle, Y., Asti, R., Duretz, T., Clerc, C., Fourcade, S., Teixell, A.,
Labaume, P, Corre, B., and Saspiturry, N.: A review of cretaceous
smooth-slopes extensional basins along the Iberia-Eurasia plate boundary:
How pre-rift salt controls the modes of continental rifting and mantle
exhumation, Earth-Sci. Rev., 201, 103071,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103071, 2020.
Lescoutre, R. and Manatschal, G.: Role of rift-inheritance and segmentation
for orogenic evolution: example from the Pyrenean-Cantabrian system, B. Soc.
Geol. Fr., 191, 18, https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2020021, 2020.
Lescoutre, R., Manatschal, G., and Muñoz, J. A.: Nature, Origin, and
Evolution of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian Junction, Tectonics, 40,
e2020TC006134, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006134, 2021.
López-Gómez, J., Martín-González, F., Heredia, N., Horra,
R. de la, Barrenechea, J. F., Cadenas, P., Juncal, M., Diez, J. B.,
Borruel-Abadía, V., Pedreira, D., García-Sansegundo, J., Farias,
P., Galé, C., Lago, M., Ubide, T., Fernández-Viejo, G., and Gand,
G.: New lithostratigraphy for the Cantabrian Mountains: A common
tectono-stratigraphic evolution for the onset of the Alpine cycle in the W
Pyrenean realm, N Spain, Earth-Sci. Rev., 188, 249–271,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.11.008, 2019.
Manatschal, G., Chenin, P., Lescoutre, R., Miró, J., Cadenas, P.,
Saspiturry, N., Masini, E., Chevrot, S., Ford, M., Jolivet, L., Mouthereau,
F., Thinon, I., Issautier, B., and Calassou, S.: The role of inheritance in
forming rifts and rifted margins and building collisional orogens: a
Biscay-Pyrenean perspective, B. Soc. Geol. Fr., 192, 55,
https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2021042, 2021.
Mandl, G., De Jong, L. N. J., and Maltha, A.: Shear zones in granular
material, Rock Mech., 9, 95–144, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01237876,
1977.
Marrett, R. and Aranda-García, M.: Regional structure of the Sierra
Madre Oriental fold-thrust belt, Mexico, in: Genesis and controls of reservoir-scale carbonate deformation, Monterrey salient, Mexico, edited by: Marrett, R.,
Mexico: Bureau of Economic Geology, Austin, Guidebook 28, 31–55, ISSN: 0363-4132, 2001.
Martínez Catalán, J. R., Arenas, R., García, F. D., Cuadra,
P. G., Gómez-Barreiro, J., Abati, J., Castiñeiras, P., Fernández,
J., Sánchez, S., Andonaegui, P., González, E., Díez, A., Rubio,
F. J., and Valle, B.: Space and time in the tectonic evolution of the
northwestern Iberian Massif: Implications for the Variscan belt, in: 4-D
Framework of Continental Crust, edited by: Hatcher Jr., R. D., Carlson, M. P.,
McBride, J. H., and Martínez-Catalán, J. R., Geol. Soc. Am. Mem.,
200, 403–423, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.1200(21), 2007.
Matte, P.: Accretionary history and crustal evolution of the Variscan belt
in Western Europe, Tectonophysics, 196, 309–337,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90328-P, 1991.
Mazur, S., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., and Krzywiec, P.: Different modes of the
Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary inversion in the North German and Polish
basins, Int. J. Earth Sci., 94, 782–798,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-005-0016-z, 2005.
McClay, K. R.: Analogue models of inversion tectonics, in: Inversion
Tectonics, edited by: Cooper, M. A. and Williams, G. D., Geol. Soc., London,
Spec. Publ., 44, 41–59, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.04, 1989.
McClay, K. R. and Buchanan, P. G.: Thrust faults in inverted extensional
basins, in: Thrust tectonics, edited by: McClay, K. R., Springer,
Dordrecht, Netherland, 93–104,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0_8, 1992.
McClay, K. R. and White, M. J.: Analogue modelling of orthogonal and oblique
rifting, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 12, 137–151,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(95)92835-K, 1995.
Miró, J., Muñoz, J. A., Manatschal, G., and Roca, E.: The
Basque–Cantabrian Pyrenees: report of data analysis, B. Soc. Geol. Fr.,
191, 22, https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2020024, 2020.
Miró, J., Manatschal, G., Cadenas, P., and Muñoz, J. A.: Reactivation
of a hyperextended rift system: the Basque-Cantabrian Pyrenees case, Basin
Res., 33, 3077–3101, https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12595, 2021.
Molinaro, M., Leturmy, P., Guezou, J. C., Frizon de Lamotte, D., and
Eshraghi, S. A.: The structure and kinematics of the southeastern Zagros
fold-thrust belt, Iran: From thin-skinned to thick-skinned
tectonics, Tectonics, 24, TC3007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004TC001633,
2005.
Mouthereau, F., Tensi, J., Bellahsen, N., Lacombe, O., De Boisgrollier, T.,
and Kargar, S.: Tertiary sequence of deformation in a
thin-skinned/thick-skinned collision belt: The Zagros Folded Belt (Fars,
Iran), Tectonics, 26, TC5006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007TC002098, 2007.
Muñoz, J. A.: Evolution of a continental collision belt: ECORS-Pyrenees
crustal balanced cross-section, in: Thrust tectonics, edited by: McClay,
K. R., Springer, Dordrecht, Netherland, 235–246,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0_21, 1992.
Muñoz, J. A.: Alpine Orogeny: Deformation and Structure in the Northern
Iberian Margin (Pyrenees sl), in: The Geology of Iberia: A Geodynamic
Approach, Volume 5: Active processes: seismicity, active faulting and
relief, edited by: Quesada, C. and Oliveira, J. T., Springer,
Amsterdam, Netherlands, 433–451, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11295-0_9, 2019.
Muñoz, J., Beamud, E., Fernández, O., Arbués, P.,
Dinarès-Turell, J., and Poblet, J.: The Ainsa Fold and thrust oblique
zone of the central Pyrenees: Kinematics of a curved contractional system
from paleomagnetic and structural data, Tectonics, 32, 1142–1175,
https://doi.org/10.1002/tect.20070, 2013.
Muñoz, J. A., Mencos, J., Roca, E., Carrera, N., Gratacós, Ò.,
Ferrer, O., and Fernández, O.: The structure of the
South-Central-Pyrenean fold and thrust belt as constrained by subsurface
data, Geol. Acta, 16, 439–460,
https://doi.org/10.1344/GeologicaActa2018.16.4.7, 2018.
Pedreira, D., Afonso, J. C., Pulgar, J. A., Gallastegui, J., Carballo, A.,
Fernández, M., García-Castellanos, D., Jiménez-Munt, I.,
Semprich, J., and García-Moreno, O.: Geophysical-petrological modeling
of the lithosphere beneath the Cantabrian Mountains and the North-Iberian
margin: Geodynamic implications, Lithos, 230, 46–68,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.04.018, 2015.
Pedrera, A., García-Senz, J., Ayala, C., Ruiz-Constán, A.,
Rodríguez-Fernández, L. R., Robador, A., and González
Menéndez, L.: Reconstruction of the exhumed mantle across the North
Iberian Margin by crustal-scale 3-D gravity inversion and geological cross
section, Tectonics, 36, 3155–3177, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004716,
2017.
Pedrera, A., García-Senz, J., Peropadre, C., Robador, A.,
López-Mir, B., Díaz-Alvarado, J., and Rodríguez-Fernández,
L. R.: The Getxo crustal-scale cross-section: Testing tectonic models in the
Bay of Biscay-Pyrenean rift system, Earth-Sci. Rev., 212, 103429,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103429, 2020.
Pinto, L., Muñoz, C., Nalpas, T., and Charrier, R.: Role of
sedimentation during basin inversion in analogue modelling, J. Struct.
Geol., 32, 554–565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2010.03.001, 2010.
Pulgar, J. A., Alonso, J. L., Espina, R. G., and Marín, J. A.: La
deformación alpina en el basamento varisco de la Zona Cantábrica,
Trabajos De Geología, 21, 283–295,
https://doi.org/10.17811/tdg.21.1999.283-295, 1999.
Quintana, L., Pulgar, J. A., and Alonso, J. L.: Displacement transfer from
borders to interior of a plate: A crustal transect of
Iberia, Tectonophysics, 663, 378–398,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.046, 2015.
Quirk, D. G. and Pilcher, R. S.: Flip-flop salt tectonics, in: Salt
tectonics, sediments and prospectivity, edited by: Alsop, G. I., Archer,
S. G., Hartley, A. J., Grant, N. T., and Hodgkinson, R., Geol. Soc., London, Spec.
Publ., 363, 245–264, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP363.11, 2012.
Riba, O. and Jurado, M. J.: Reflexiones sobre la geologia de la parte occidental
de la Depresión del Ebro, Acta Geológica Hispánica, 27, 177–193, 1992.
Roca, E., Muñoz, J. A., Ferrer, O., and Ellouz, N.: The role of the Bay
of Biscay Mesozoic extensional structure in the configuration of the
Pyrenean orogen: Constraints from the MARCONI deep seismic reflection
survey, Tectonics, 30, TC2001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010TC002735, 2011.
Roest, W. R. and Srivastava, S. P.: Kinematics of the plate boundaries
between Eurasia, Iberia, and Africa in the North Atlantic from the Late
Cretaceous to the present, Geology, 19, 613–616,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0613:KOTPBB>2.3.CO;2, 1991.
Roma, M., Ferrer, O., Roca, E., Pla, O., Escosa, F. O., and Butillé, M.:
Formation and inversion of salt-detached ramp-syncline basins. Results from
analog modeling and application to the Columbrets Basin (Western
Mediterranean), Tectonophysics, 745, 214–228,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.08.012, 2018a.
Roma, M., Vidal-Royo, O., McClay, K., Ferrer, O., and Muñoz, J. A.:
Tectonic inversion of salt-detached ramp-syncline basins as illustrated by
analog modeling and kinematic restoration, Interpretation, 6, T127–T144,
https://doi.org/10.1190/INT-2017-0073.1, 2018b.
Rowan, M. G.: Passive-margin salt basins: Hyperextension, evaporite
deposition, and salt tectonics, Basin Res., 26, 154–182,
https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12043, 2014.
Rowan, M. G. and Giles, K. A.: Passive versus active salt diapirism, AAPG
Bull., 105, 53–63, https://doi.org/10.1306/05212020001, 2020.
Sani, F., Del Ventisette, C., Montanari, D., Bendkik, A., Chenakeb, M.:
Structural evolution of the Rides Prerifaines (Morocco): structural and
seismic interpretation and analogue modelling experiments, Int. J. Earth
Sci., 96, 685–706,
htpps://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-006-0118-2, 2007.
Saspiturry, N., Allanic, C., Razin, P., Issautier, B., Baudin, T., Lasseur,
E., Serrano, O., and Leleu, S.: Closure of a hyperextended system in an
orogenic lithospheric pop-up, Western Pyrenees: The role of mantle
buttressing and rift structural inheritance, Terra Nova, 32, 253–260,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12457, 2020.
Schellart, W. P.: Shear test results for cohesion and friction coefficients
for different granular materials: scaling implications for their usage in
analogue modelling, Tectonophysics, 324, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00111-6, 2000.
Sherkati, S., Letouzey, J., and de Lamotte, D. F.: Central Zagros fold-thrust
belt (Iran): New insights from seismic data, field observation, and sandbox
modelling, Tectonics, 25, TC4007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004TC001766, 2006.
Tavani, S., Carola, E., Granado, P., Quintà, A., and Muñoz, J. A.:
Transpressive inversion of a Mesozoic extensional forced fold system with an
intermediate décollement level in the Basque-Cantabrian Basin
(Spain), Tectonics, 32, 146–158, https://doi.org/10.1002/tect.20019,
2013.
Tavani, S., Bertok, C., Granado, P., Piana, F., Salas, R., Vigna, B., and
Muñoz, J. A.: The Iberia-Eurasia plate boundary east of the Pyrenees,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 187, 314–337,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.10.008, 2018.
Teixell, A.: Crustal structure and orogenic material budget in the west
central Pyrenees, Tectonics, 17, 395–406,
https://doi.org/10.1029/98TC00561, 1998.
Tugend, J., Manatschal, G., Kusznir, N. J., Masini, E., Mohn, G., and Thinon,
I.: Formation and deformation of hyperextended rift systems: Insights from
rift domain mapping in the Bay of Biscay-Pyrenees, Tectonics, 33,
1239–1276, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014TC003529, 2014.
Tugend, J., Manatschal, G., and Kusznir, N. J.: Spatial and temporal
evolution of hyperextended rift systems: Implication for the nature,
kinematics, and timing of the Iberian-European plate boundary, Geology,
43, 15–18, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36072.1, 2015.
Vendeville, B. C. and Jackson, M. P.: The rise of diapirs during thin-skinned
extension, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 9, 331–354,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(92)90047-I, 1992a.
Vendeville, B. C. and Jackson, M. P. A.: The fall of diapirs during
thin-skinned extension, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 9, 354–371,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(92)90048-J, 1992b.
Weijermars, R.: Flow behaviour and physical chemistry of bouncing putties
and related polymers in view of tectonic laboratory
applications, Tectonophysics, 124, 325–358,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(86)90208-8, 1986.
Wilson, E. P., Granado, P., Santolaria, P., Ferrer, O., and Muñoz, J. A.: Inversion of transfer zones in salt-bearing extensional systems: insights from analogue modeling, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1461, 2023.
Withjack, M. O. and Callaway, S.: Active normal faulting beneath a salt
layer: an experimental study of deformation patterns in the cover
sequence, AAPG Bull., 84, 627–651,
https://doi.org/10.1306/C9EBCE73-1735-11D7-8645000102C1865D, 2000.
Wolf, S. G., Huismans, R. S., Munoz, J. A., Curry, M. E., and van
der Beek, P.: Growth of Collisional Orogens From Small and Cold to Large and
Hot – Inferences From Geodynamic Models, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 126,
e2020JB021168, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jb021168, 2021.
Wu, J. E., McClay, K., Whitehouse, P., and Dooley, T.: 4D analogue modelling
of transtensional pull-apart basins, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 26, 1608–1623,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.06.007, 2009.
Short summary
Using the Asturian–Basque–Cantabrian system and analogue (sandbox) models, this work focuses on the linkage between basement-controlled and salt-decoupled domains and how deformation is accommodated between the two during extension and subsequent inversion. Analogue models show significant structural variability in the transitional domain, with oblique structures that can be strongly modified by syn-contractional sedimentation. Experimental results are consistent with the case study.
Using the Asturian–Basque–Cantabrian system and analogue (sandbox) models, this work focuses on...
Special issue