Articles | Volume 14, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-961-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-961-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
31 Aug 2023
Research article |
| 31 Aug 2023
| 31 Aug 2023
Analogue experiments on releasing and restraining bends and their application to the study of the Barents Shear Margin
Roy Helge Gabrielsen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Panagiotis Athanasios Giannenas
Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes,
France
Dimitrios Sokoutis
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Ernst Willingshofer
Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Muhammad Hassaan
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Vår Energi AS, Grundingen 3, 0250 Oslo, Norway
Jan Inge Faleide
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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In this review article we present Svalbard’s unique geological archive, revealing its climate history over the last 540 million years. We uncover how this Arctic region recorded key global events, including the End-Permian Mass Extinction, and climate crises like the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. The overall climate trend recorded in sedimentary successions in Svalbard is discussed in the context of global climate fluctuations and continuous drift of Svalbard from near equatorial to Arctic latitudes.
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The article describes a course that we have developed at the University Centre in Svalbard that covers many aspects of Arctic geology. The students experience this course through a wide range of lecturers, focussing both on the small and larger scales and covering many geoscientific disciplines.
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Extensional deformation creates structures that may be reactivated during subsequent shortening. The Achental structure within the Northern Calcareous Alps fold-and-thrust belt is a natural example of a basin margin that was inverted during Alpine orogeny. We have studied the influence of such inherited inhomogeneities in the field and as an analogue model. We find that oblique shortening can create structures outlining pre-existing faults within a single deformation event.
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Through analogue models and field observations, we investigate how inherited platform–basin geometries control strain localisation, style, and orientation of reactivated and new structures during inversion. Our study shows that the style of evolving thrusts and their changes along-strike are controlled by pre-existing rheological discontinuities. The results of this study are relevant for understanding inversion structures in general and for the European eastern Southern Alps in particular.
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Short summary
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When a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional tectonic forces after its formation, it may be inverted. A thorough understanding of such
basin inversionis of great importance for scientific, societal, and economic reasons, and analogue tectonic models form a key part of our efforts to study these processes. We review the advances in the field of basin inversion modelling, showing how the modelling results can be applied, and we identify promising venues for future research.
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Short summary
The Barents Shear Margin defines the border between the relatively shallow Barents Sea that is situated on a continental plate and the deep ocean. This margin's evolution history was probably influenced by plate tectonic reorganizations. From scaled experiments, we deduced several types of structures (faults, folds, and sedimentary basins) that help us to improve the understanding of the history of the opening of the North Atlantic.
The Barents Shear Margin defines the border between the relatively shallow Barents Sea that is...
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