Articles | Volume 14, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-961-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-961-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
31 Aug 2023
Research article |
| 31 Aug 2023
| 31 Aug 2023
Analogue experiments on releasing and restraining bends and their application to the study of the Barents Shear Margin
Roy Helge Gabrielsen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Panagiotis Athanasios Giannenas
Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes,
France
Dimitrios Sokoutis
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Ernst Willingshofer
Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Muhammad Hassaan
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Vår Energi AS, Grundingen 3, 0250 Oslo, Norway
Jan Inge Faleide
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Related authors
No articles found.
Kim Senger, Grace Shephard, Fenna Ammerlaan, Owen Anfinson, Pascal Audet, Bernard Coakley, Victoria Ershova, Jan Inge Faleide, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Rafael Kenji Horota, Karthik Iyer, Julian Janocha, Morgan Jones, Alexander Minakov, Margaret Odlum, Anna M. R. Sartell, Andrew Schaeffer, Daniel Stockli, Marie A. Vander Kloet, and Carmen Gaina
Geosci. Commun. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2024-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2024-3, 2024
Preprint under review for GC
Short summary
Short summary
The article describes a course that we have developed at the University Centre in Svalbard that covers many aspects of Arctic Geology. The students experience this from a wide range of lecturers, focussing both on the small and larger scales, and covering many geoscientific disciplines.
Willemijn Sarah Maria Theresia van Kooten, Hugo Ortner, Ernst Willingshofer, Dimitrios Sokoutis, Alfred Gruber, and Thomas Sausgruber
Solid Earth, 15, 91–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-91-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-91-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Extensional deformation creates structures that may be reactivated during subsequent shortening. The Achental structure within the Northern Calcareous Alps fold-and-thrust belt is a natural example of a basin margin that was inverted during Alpine orogeny. We have studied the influence of such inherited inhomogeneities in the field and as an analogue model. We find that oblique shortening can create structures outlining pre-existing faults within a single deformation event.
Anna-Katharina Sieberer, Ernst Willingshofer, Thomas Klotz, Hugo Ortner, and Hannah Pomella
Solid Earth, 14, 647–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through analogue models and field observations, we investigate how inherited platform–basin geometries control strain localisation, style, and orientation of reactivated and new structures during inversion. Our study shows that the style of evolving thrusts and their changes along-strike are controlled by pre-existing rheological discontinuities. The results of this study are relevant for understanding inversion structures in general and for the European eastern Southern Alps in particular.
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, Oriol Ferrer, Riccardo Reitano, Michael Rudolf, and Ernst Willingshofer
Solid Earth, 13, 1859–1905, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional tectonic forces after its formation, it may be inverted. A thorough understanding of such
basin inversionis of great importance for scientific, societal, and economic reasons, and analogue tectonic models form a key part of our efforts to study these processes. We review the advances in the field of basin inversion modelling, showing how the modelling results can be applied, and we identify promising venues for future research.
Christian Berndt, Sverre Planke, Damon Teagle, Ritske Huismans, Trond Torsvik, Joost Frieling, Morgan T. Jones, Dougal A. Jerram, Christian Tegner, Jan Inge Faleide, Helen Coxall, and Wei-Li Hong
Sci. Dril., 26, 69–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-69-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-69-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The northeast Atlantic encompasses archetypal examples of volcanic rifted margins. Twenty-five years after the last ODP leg on these volcanic margins, the reasons for excess melting are still disputed with at least three competing hypotheses being discussed. We are proposing a new drilling campaign that will constrain the timing, rates of volcanism, and vertical movements of rifted margins.
Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl, Steffen G. Bergh, Tormod Henningsen, and Jan Inge Faleide
Solid Earth, 9, 341–372, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-341-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-341-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The goal of this work is to study large cracks in the Earth's crust called faults near the coast of northern Norway in the SW Barents Sea. We interpreted seismic data (equivalent to X-ray diagram of the Earth) that showed the presence of a large fault near the coast of Norway, which contributed to building the mountain chain observed in Norway and later helped open the North Atlantic Ocean, separating Greenland from Norway.
P. Klitzke, J. I. Faleide, M. Scheck-Wenderoth, and J. Sippel
Solid Earth, 6, 153–172, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-153-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-153-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a regional 3-D structural model of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea region which is the first to combine information on five sedimentary units and the crystalline crust as well as the configuration of the lithospheric mantle. By relating the shallow and deep structures for certain tectonic subdomains, we shed new light on possible causative basin-forming mechanisms that we discuss.
Related subject area
Subject area: Tectonic plate interactions, magma genesis, and lithosphere deformation at all scales | Editorial team: Structural geology and tectonics, paleoseismology, rock physics, experimental deformation | Discipline: Structural geology
Impact of faults on the remote stress state
Subduction plate interface shear stress associated with rapid subduction at deep slow earthquake depths: example from the Sanbagawa belt, southwestern Japan
Multiple phase rifting and subsequent inversion in the West Netherlands Basin: implications for geothermal reservoir characterization
Analogue modelling of basin inversion: implications for the Araripe Basin (Brazil)
Multiscalar 3D characterisation of the Mid-Norwegian passive margin evolution, Central Norway: A multi-technique approach to unravelling the structural characteristics and tectonic history of offshore basement highs
Natural fracture patterns at Swift Reservoir anticline, NW Montana: the influence of structural position and lithology from multiple observation scales
Rapid hydration and weakening of anhydrite under stress: implications for natural hydration in the Earth's crust and mantle
Structural framework and timing of the Pahtohavare Cu ± Au deposits, Kiruna mining district, Sweden
Does the syn- versus post-rift thickness ratio have an impact on the inversion-related structural style?
Inversion of accommodation zones in salt-bearing extensional systems: insights from analog modeling
Structural control of inherited salt structures during inversion of a domino basement-fault system from an analogue modelling approach
Kinematics and time-resolved evolution of the main thrust-sense shear zone in the Eo-Alpine orogenic wedge (the Vinschgau Shear Zone, eastern Alps)
Role of inheritance during tectonic inversion of a rift system in basement-involved to salt-decoupled transition: analogue modelling and application to the Pyrenean–Biscay system
Water release and homogenization by dynamic recrystallization of quartz
Hydrothermal activity of the Lake Abhe geothermal field (Djibouti): Structural controls and paths for further exploration
Time-dependent frictional properties of granular materials used in analogue modelling: implications for mimicking fault healing during reactivation and inversion
Large grain-size-dependent rheology contrasts of halite at low differential stress: evidence from microstructural study of naturally deformed gneissic Zechstein 2 rock salt (Kristallbrockensalz) from the northern Netherlands
Analogue modelling of the inversion of multiple extensional basins in foreland fold-and-thrust belts
A contribution to the quantification of crustal shortening and kinematics of deformation across the Western Andes ( ∼ 20–22° S)
Rift thermal inheritance in the SW Alps (France): insights from RSCM thermometry and 1D thermal numerical modelling
The Luangwa Rift Active Fault Database and fault reactivation along the southwestern branch of the East African Rift
Clustering has a meaning: optimization of angular similarity to detect 3D geometric anomalies in geological terrains
Shear zone evolution and the path of earthquake rupture
Mechanical compaction mechanisms in the input sediments of the Sumatra subduction complex – insights from microstructural analysis of cores from IODP Expedition 362
Detecting micro fractures: a comprehensive comparison of conventional and machine-learning-based segmentation methods
Multiscale lineament analysis and permeability heterogeneity of fractured crystalline basement blocks
Structural characterization and K–Ar illite dating of reactivated, complex and heterogeneous fault zones: lessons from the Zuccale Fault, Northern Apennines
How do differences in interpreting seismic images affect estimates of geological slip rates?
Progressive veining during peridotite carbonation: insights from listvenites in Hole BT1B, Samail ophiolite (Oman)
Tectonic evolution of the Indio Hills segment of the San Andreas fault in southern California, southwestern USA
Structural diagenesis in ultra-deep tight sandstones in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, China
Variscan structures and their control on latest to post-Variscan basin architecture: insights from the westernmost Bohemian Massif and southeastern Germany
Multi-disciplinary characterizations of the BedrettoLab – a new underground geoscience research facility
Biotite supports long-range diffusive transport in dissolution–precipitation creep in halite through small porosity fluctuations
De-risking the energy transition by quantifying the uncertainties in fault stability
Virtual field trip to the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): delivering traditional geological mapping skills remotely using real data
Marine forearc structure of eastern Java and its role in the 1994 Java tsunami earthquake
Roughness of fracture surfaces in numerical models and laboratory experiments
Impact of basement thrust faults on low-angle normal faults and rift basin evolution: a case study in the Enping sag, Pearl River Basin
Evidence for and significance of the Late Cretaceous Asteroussia event in the Gondwanan Ios basement terranes
Investigating spatial heterogeneity within fracture networks using hierarchical clustering and graph distance metrics
Dating folding beyond folding, from layer-parallel shortening to fold tightening, using mesostructures: lessons from the Apennines, Pyrenees, and Rocky Mountains
Deformation-enhanced diagenesis and bacterial proliferation in the Nankai accretionary prism
Rheological stratification in impure rock salt during long-term creep: morphology, microstructure, and numerical models of multilayer folds in the Ocnele Mari salt mine, Romania
Geodynamic and seismotectonic model of a long-lived transverse structure: The Schio-Vicenza Fault System (NE Italy)
Neogene kinematics of the Giudicarie Belt and eastern Southern Alpine orogenic front (northern Italy)
Fault interpretation uncertainties using seismic data, and the effects on fault seal analysis: a case study from the Horda Platform, with implications for CO2 storage
Reply to Norini and Groppelli's comment on “Estimating the depth and evolution of intrusions at resurgent calderas: Los Humeros (Mexico)” by Urbani et al. (2020)
Emplacement of “exotic” Zechstein slivers along the inverted Sontra Graben (northern Hessen, Germany): clues from balanced cross sections and geometrical forward modeling
Kinematics of subduction in the Ibero-Armorican arc constrained by 3D microstructural analysis of garnet and pseudomorphed lawsonite porphyroblasts from Île de Groix (Variscan belt)
Karsten Reiter, Oliver Heidbach, and Moritz O. Ziegler
Solid Earth, 15, 305–327, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is generally assumed that faults have an influence on the stress state of the Earth’s crust. It is questionable whether this influence is still present far away from a fault. Simple numerical models were used to investigate the extent of the influence of faults on the stress state. Several models with different fault representations were investigated. The stress fluctuations further away from the fault (> 1 km) are very small.
Yukinojo Koyama, Simon R. Wallis, and Takayoshi Nagaya
Solid Earth, 15, 143–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Stress along a subduction plate boundary is important for understanding subduction phenomena such as earthquakes. We estimated paleo-stress using quartz recrystallized grain size combined with deformation temperature and P–T paths of exhumed rocks. The obtained results show differential stresses of 30.8–82.7 MPa consistent over depths of 17–27 km in the paleo-subduction boundary. The obtained stress may represent the initial conditions under which slow earthquakes nucleated in the same domain.
Annelotte Weert, Kei Ogata, Francesco Vinci, Coen Leo, Giovanni Bertotti, Jerome Amory, and Stefano Tavani
Solid Earth, 15, 121–141, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
On the road to a sustainable planet, geothermal energy is considered one of the main substitutes when it comes to heating. The geological history of an area can have a major influence on the application of these geothermal systems, as demonstrated in the West Netherlands Basin. Here, multiple episodes of rifting and subsequent basin inversion have controlled the distribution of the reservoir rocks, thus influencing the locations where geothermal energy can be exploited.
Pâmela C. Richetti, Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Renata S. Schmitt, and Timothy C. Schmid
Solid Earth, 14, 1245–1266, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1245-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1245-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Araripe Basin in NE Brazil was originally formed during Cretaceous times, as South America and Africa broke up. The basin is an important analogue to offshore South Atlantic break-up basins; its sediments were uplifted and are now found at 1000 m height, allowing for studies thereof, but the cause of the uplift remains debated. Here we ran a series of tectonic laboratory experiments that show how a specific plate tectonic configuration can explain the evolution of the Araripe Basin.
Matthew S. Hodge, Guri Venvik, Jochen Knies, Roelant van der Lelij, Jasmin Schönenberger, Øystein Nordgulen, Marco Brønner, Aziz Nasuti, and Giulio Viola
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2504, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2504, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Smøla Island, in the Mid-Norwegian margin, has complex fracture and fault patterns resulting from tectonic activity. This study uses a multiple method approach to unravel Smøla's tectonic history. We found five different phases of deformation related to various fracture geometries and minerals, dating back hundreds of millions of years. 3D models of these features visualise these structures in space. This approach may help us to understand offshore oil and gas reservoirs hosted in the basement.
Adam J. Cawood, Hannah Watkins, Clare E. Bond, Marian J. Warren, and Mark A. Cooper
Solid Earth, 14, 1005–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1005-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1005-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we test conceptual models of fracture development by investigating fractures across multiple scales. We find that most fractures increase in abundance towards the fold hinge, and we interpret these as being fold related. Other fractures at the site show inconsistent orientations and are unrelated to fold formation. Our results show that predicting fracture patterns requires the consideration of multiple geologic variables.
Johanna Heeb, David Healy, Nicholas E. Timms, and Enrique Gomez-Rivas
Solid Earth, 14, 985–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hydration of rocks is a key process in the Earth’s crust and mantle that is accompanied by changes in physical traits and mechanical behaviour of rocks. This study assesses the influence of stress on hydration reaction kinetics and mechanics in experiments on anhydrite. We show that hydration occurs readily under stress and results in localized hydration along fractures and mechanic weakening. New gypsum growth is selective and depends on the stress field and host anhydrite crystal orientation.
Leslie Logan, Ervin Veress, Joel B. H. Andersson, Olof Martinsson, and Tobias E. Bauer
Solid Earth, 14, 763–784, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-763-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-763-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Pahtohavare Cu ± Au deposits in the Kiruna mining district have a dubious timing of formation and have not been contextualized within an up-to-date tectonic framework. Structural mapping was carried out to reveal that the deposits are hosted in brittle structures that cut a noncylindrical, SE-plunging anticline constrained to have formed during the late-Svecokarelian orogeny. These results show that Cu ± Au mineralization formed more than ca. 80 Myr after iron oxide–apatite mineralization.
Alexandra Tamas, Dan M. Tamas, Gabor Tari, Csaba Krezsek, Alexandru Lapadat, and Zsolt Schleder
Solid Earth, 14, 741–761, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-741-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-741-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tectonic processes are complex and often difficult to understand due to the limitations of surface or subsurface data. One such process is inversion tectonics, which means that an area initially developed in an extension (such as the opening of an ocean) is reversed to compression (the process leading to mountain building). In this research, we use a laboratory method (analogue modelling), and with the help of a sandbox, we try to better understand structures (folds/faults) related to inversion.
Elizabeth Parker Wilson, Pablo Granado, Pablo Santolaria, Oriol Ferrer, and Josep Anton Muñoz
Solid Earth, 14, 709–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-709-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-709-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work focuses on the control of accommodation zones on extensional and subsequent inversion in salt-detached domains using sandbox analogue models. During extension, the transfer zone acts as a pathway for the movement of salt, changing the expected geometries. When inverted, the salt layer and syn-inversion sedimentation control the deformation style in the salt-detached cover system. Three natural cases are compared to the model results and show similar inversion geometries.
Oriol Ferrer, Eloi Carola, and Ken McClay
Solid Earth, 14, 571–589, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using an experimental approach based on scaled sandbox models, this work aims to understand how salt above different rotational fault blocks influences the cover geometry and evolution, first during extension and then during inversion. The results show that inherited salt structures constrain contractional deformation. We show for the first time how welds and fault welds are reopened during contractional deformation, having direct implications for the subsurface exploration of natural resources.
Chiara Montemagni, Stefano Zanchetta, Martina Rocca, Igor M. Villa, Corrado Morelli, Volkmar Mair, and Andrea Zanchi
Solid Earth, 14, 551–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-551-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-551-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Vinschgau Shear Zone (VSZ) is one of the largest and most significant shear zones developed within the Late Cretaceous thrust stack in the Austroalpine domain of the eastern Alps. 40Ar / 39Ar geochronology constrains the activity of the VSZ between 97 and 80 Ma. The decreasing vorticity towards the core of the shear zone, coupled with the younging of mylonites, points to a shear thinning behavior. The deepest units of the Eo-Alpine orogenic wedge were exhumed along the VSZ.
Jordi Miró, Oriol Ferrer, Josep Anton Muñoz, and Gianreto Manastchal
Solid Earth, 14, 425–445, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-425-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-425-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using the Asturian–Basque–Cantabrian system and analogue (sandbox) models, this work focuses on the linkage between basement-controlled and salt-decoupled domains and how deformation is accommodated between the two during extension and subsequent inversion. Analogue models show significant structural variability in the transitional domain, with oblique structures that can be strongly modified by syn-contractional sedimentation. Experimental results are consistent with the case study.
Junichi Fukuda, Takamoto Okudaira, and Yukiko Ohtomo
Solid Earth, 14, 409–424, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured water distributions in deformed quartz by infrared spectroscopy mapping and used the results to discuss changes in water distribution resulting from textural development. Because of the grain size reduction process (dynamic recrystallization), water contents decrease from 40–1750 wt ppm in host grains of ~2 mm to 100–510 wt ppm in recrystallized regions composed of fine grains of ~10 µm. Our results indicate that water is released and homogenized by dynamic recrystallization.
Bastien Walter, Yves Géraud, Alexiane Favier, Nadjib Chibati, and Marc Diraison
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-397, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-397, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Abhe in southwestern Djibouti is known for its exposures of massive hydrothermal chimneys and hot springs on the lake’s eastern shore. This study highlights the control of the main structural faults of the area on the development of these hydrothermal features. This work contributes to better understand hydrothermal fluid pathways in this area and may help further exploration for the geothermal development of this remarkable site.
Michael Rudolf, Matthias Rosenau, and Onno Oncken
Solid Earth, 14, 311–331, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-311-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-311-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Analogue models of tectonic processes rely on the reproduction of their geometry, kinematics and dynamics. An important property is fault behaviour, which is linked to the frictional characteristics of the fault gouge. This is represented by granular materials, such as quartz sand. In our study we investigate the time-dependent frictional properties of various analogue materials and highlight their impact on the suitability of these materials for analogue models focusing on fault reactivation.
Jessica Barabasch, Joyce Schmatz, Jop Klaver, Alexander Schwedt, and Janos L. Urai
Solid Earth, 14, 271–291, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed Zechstein salt with microscopes and observed specific microstructures that indicate much faster deformation in rock salt with fine halite grains when compared to salt with larger grains. This is important because people build large cavities in the subsurface salt for energy storage or want to deposit radioactive waste inside it. When engineers and scientists use grain-size data and equations that include this mechanism, it will help to make better predictions in geological models.
Nicolás Molnar and Susanne Buiter
Solid Earth, 14, 213–235, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-213-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-213-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Progression of orogenic wedges over pre-existing extensional structures is common in nature, but deciphering the spatio-temporal evolution of deformation from the geological record remains challenging. Our laboratory experiments provide insights on how horizontal stresses are transferred across a heterogeneous crust, constrain which pre-shortening conditions can either favour or hinder the reactivatation of extensional structures, and explain what implications they have on critical taper theory.
Tania Habel, Martine Simoes, Robin Lacassin, Daniel Carrizo, and German Aguilar
Solid Earth, 14, 17–42, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-17-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-17-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Central Andes are one of the most emblematic reliefs on Earth, but their western flank remains understudied. Here we explore two rare key sites in the hostile conditions of the Atacama desert to build cross-sections, quantify crustal shortening, and discuss the timing of this deformation at ∼20–22°S. We propose that the structures of the Western Andes accommodated significant crustal shortening here, but only during the earliest stages of mountain building.
Naïm Célini, Frédéric Mouthereau, Abdeltif Lahfid, Claude Gout, and Jean-Paul Callot
Solid Earth, 14, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the peak temperature of sedimentary rocks of the SW Alps (France), using Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material. This method provides an estimate of the peak temperature achieved by organic-rich rocks. To determine the timing and the tectonic context of the origin of these temperatures we use 1D thermal modelling. We find that the high temperatures up to 300 °C were achieved during precollisional extensional events, not during tectonic burial in the Western Alps.
Luke N. J. Wedmore, Tess Turner, Juliet Biggs, Jack N. Williams, Henry M. Sichingabula, Christine Kabumbu, and Kawawa Banda
Solid Earth, 13, 1731–1753, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1731-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1731-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Mapping and compiling the attributes of faults capable of hosting earthquakes are important for the next generation of seismic hazard assessment. We document 18 active faults in the Luangwa Rift, Zambia, in an active fault database. These faults are between 9 and 207 km long offset Quaternary sediments, have scarps up to ~30 m high, and are capable of hosting earthquakes from Mw 5.8 to 8.1. We associate the Molaza Fault with surface ruptures from two unattributed M 6+ 20th century earthquakes.
Michał P. Michalak, Lesław Teper, Florian Wellmann, Jerzy Żaba, Krzysztof Gaidzik, Marcin Kostur, Yuriy P. Maystrenko, and Paulina Leonowicz
Solid Earth, 13, 1697–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1697-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1697-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When characterizing geological/geophysical surfaces, various geometric attributes are calculated, such as dip angle (1D) or dip direction (2D). However, the boundaries between specific values may be subjective and without optimization significance, resulting from using default color palletes. This study proposes minimizing cosine distance among within-cluster observations to detect 3D anomalies. Our results suggest that the method holds promise for identification of megacylinders or megacones.
Erik M. Young, Christie D. Rowe, and James D. Kirkpatrick
Solid Earth, 13, 1607–1629, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1607-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Studying how earthquakes spread deep within the faults they originate from is crucial to improving our understanding of the earthquake process. We mapped preserved ancient earthquake surfaces that are now exposed in South Africa and studied their relationship with the shape and type of rocks surrounding them. We determined that these surfaces are not random and are instead associated with specific kinds of rocks and that their shape is linked to the evolution of the faults in which they occur.
Sivaji Lahiri, Kitty L. Milliken, Peter Vrolijk, Guillaume Desbois, and Janos L. Urai
Solid Earth, 13, 1513–1539, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1513-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1513-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the mechanism of mechanical compaction is important. Previous studies on mechanical compaction were mostly done by performing experiments. Studies on natural rocks are rare due to compositional heterogeneity of the sedimentary succession with depth. Due to remarkable similarity in composition and grain size, the Sumatra subduction complex provides a unique opportunity to study the micromechanism of mechanical compaction on natural samples.
Dongwon Lee, Nikolaos Karadimitriou, Matthias Ruf, and Holger Steeb
Solid Earth, 13, 1475–1494, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1475-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1475-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research article focuses on filtering and segmentation methods employed in high-resolution µXRCT studies for crystalline rocks, bearing fractures, or fracture networks, of very small aperture. Specifically, we focus on the identification of artificially induced (via quenching) fractures in Carrara marble samples. Results from the same dataset from all five different methods adopted were produced and compared with each other in terms of their output quality and time efficiency.
Alberto Ceccato, Giulia Tartaglia, Marco Antonellini, and Giulio Viola
Solid Earth, 13, 1431–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Earth's surface is commonly characterized by the occurrence of fractures, which can be mapped, and their can be geometry quantified on digital representations of the surface at different scales of observation. Here we present a series of analytical and statistical tools, which can aid the quantification of fracture spatial distribution at different scales. In doing so, we can improve our understanding of how fracture geometry and geology affect fluid flow within the fractured Earth crust.
Giulio Viola, Giovanni Musumeci, Francesco Mazzarini, Lorenzo Tavazzani, Manuel Curzi, Espen Torgersen, Roelant van der Lelij, and Luca Aldega
Solid Earth, 13, 1327–1351, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1327-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1327-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A structural-geochronological approach helps to unravel the Zuccale Fault's architecture. By mapping its internal structure and dating some of its fault rocks, we constrained a deformation history lasting 20 Myr starting at ca. 22 Ma. Such long activity is recorded by now tightly juxtaposed brittle structural facies, i.e. different types of fault rocks. Our results also have implications on the regional evolution of the northern Apennines, of which the Zuccale Fault is an important structure.
Wan-Lin Hu
Solid Earth, 13, 1281–1290, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1281-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1281-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Having a seismic image is generally expected to enable us to better determine fault geometry and thus estimate geological slip rates accurately. However, the process of interpreting seismic images may introduce unintended uncertainties, which have not yet been widely discussed. Here, a case of a shear fault-bend fold in the frontal Himalaya is used to demonstrate how differences in interpretations can affect the following estimates of slip rates and dependent conclusions.
Manuel D. Menzel, Janos L. Urai, Estibalitz Ukar, Thierry Decrausaz, and Marguerite Godard
Solid Earth, 13, 1191–1218, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Mantle rocks can bind large quantities of carbon by reaction with CO2, but this capacity requires fluid pathways not to be clogged by carbonate. We studied mantle rocks from Oman to understand the mechanisms allowing their transformation into carbonate and quartz. Using advanced imaging techniques, we show that abundant veins were essential fluid pathways driving the reaction. Our results show that tectonic stress was important for fracture opening and a key ingredient for carbon fixation.
Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl, Steffen G. Bergh, and Arthur G. Sylvester
Solid Earth, 13, 1169–1190, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1169-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1169-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The San Andreas fault is a major active fault associated with ongoing earthquake sequences in southern California. The present study investigates the development of the Indio Hills area in the Coachella Valley along the main San Andreas fault and the Indio Hills fault. The Indio Hills area is located near an area with high ongoing earthquake activity (Brawley seismic zone), and, therefore, its recent tectonic evolution has implications for earthquake prediction.
Jin Lai, Dong Li, Yong Ai, Hongkun Liu, Deyang Cai, Kangjun Chen, Yuqiang Xie, and Guiwen Wang
Solid Earth, 13, 975–1002, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-975-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-975-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
(1) Structural diagenesis analysis is performed on the ultra-deep tight sandstone. (2) Fracture and intergranular pores are related to the low in situ stress magnitudes. (3) Dissolution is associated with the presence of fracture.
Hamed Fazlikhani, Wolfgang Bauer, and Harald Stollhofen
Solid Earth, 13, 393–416, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Interpretation of newly acquired FRANKEN 2D seismic survey data in southeeastern Germany shows that upper Paleozoic low-grade metasedimentary rocks and possible nappe units are transported by Variscan shear zones to ca. 65 km west of the Franconian Fault System (FFS). We show that the locations of post-Variscan upper Carboniferous–Permian normal faults and associated graben and half-graben basins are controlled by the geometry of underlying Variscan shear zones.
Xiaodong Ma, Marian Hertrich, Florian Amann, Kai Bröker, Nima Gholizadeh Doonechaly, Valentin Gischig, Rebecca Hochreutener, Philipp Kästli, Hannes Krietsch, Michèle Marti, Barbara Nägeli, Morteza Nejati, Anne Obermann, Katrin Plenkers, Antonio P. Rinaldi, Alexis Shakas, Linus Villiger, Quinn Wenning, Alba Zappone, Falko Bethmann, Raymi Castilla, Francisco Seberto, Peter Meier, Thomas Driesner, Simon Loew, Hansruedi Maurer, Martin O. Saar, Stefan Wiemer, and Domenico Giardini
Solid Earth, 13, 301–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-301-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-301-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Questions on issues such as anthropogenic earthquakes and deep geothermal energy developments require a better understanding of the fractured rock. Experiments conducted at reduced scales but with higher-resolution observations can shed some light. To this end, the BedrettoLab was recently established in an existing tunnel in Ticino, Switzerland, with preliminary efforts to characterize realistic rock mass behavior at the hectometer scale.
Berit Schwichtenberg, Florian Fusseis, Ian B. Butler, and Edward Andò
Solid Earth, 13, 41–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-41-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-41-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydraulic rock properties such as porosity and permeability are relevant factors that have an impact on groundwater resources, geological repositories and fossil fuel reservoirs. We investigate the influence of chemical compaction upon the porosity evolution in salt–biotite mixtures and related transport length scales by conducting laboratory experiments in combination with 4-D analysis. Our observations invite a renewed discussion of the effect of sheet silicates on chemical compaction.
David Healy and Stephen Paul Hicks
Solid Earth, 13, 15–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-15-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-15-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The energy transition requires operations in faulted rocks. To manage the technical challenges and public concern over possible induced earthquakes, we need to quantify the risks. We calculate the probability of fault slip based on uncertain inputs, stresses, fluid pressures, and the mechanical properties of rocks in fault zones. Our examples highlight the specific gaps in our knowledge. Citizen science projects could produce useful data and include the public in the discussions about hazards.
Manuel I. de Paz-Álvarez, Thomas G. Blenkinsop, David M. Buchs, George E. Gibbons, and Lesley Cherns
Solid Earth, 13, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a virtual geological mapping course implemented in response to travelling and social restrictions derived from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The course was designed to replicate a physical mapping exercise as closely as possible with the aid of real field data and photographs collected by the authors during previous years in the Cantabrian Zone (NW Spain). The course is delivered through Google Earth via a KMZ file with outcrop descriptions and links to GitHub-hosted photographs.
Yueyang Xia, Jacob Geersen, Dirk Klaeschen, Bo Ma, Dietrich Lange, Michael Riedel, Michael Schnabel, and Heidrun Kopp
Solid Earth, 12, 2467–2477, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2467-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2467-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The 2 June 1994 Java tsunami earthquake ruptured in a seismically quiet subduction zone and generated a larger-than-expected tsunami. Here, we re-process a seismic line across the rupture area. We show that a subducting seamount is located up-dip of the mainshock in a region that did not rupture during the earthquake. Seamount subduction modulates the topography of the marine forearc and acts as a seismic barrier in the 1994 earthquake rupture.
Steffen Abe and Hagen Deckert
Solid Earth, 12, 2407–2424, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2407-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2407-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use numerical simulations and laboratory experiments on rock samples to investigate how stress conditions influence the geometry and roughness of fracture surfaces. The roughness of the surfaces was analyzed in terms of absolute roughness and scaling properties. The results show that the surfaces are self-affine but with different scaling properties between the numerical models and the real rock samples. Results suggest that stress conditions have little influence on the surface roughness.
Chao Deng, Rixiang Zhu, Jianhui Han, Yu Shu, Yuxiang Wu, Kefeng Hou, and Wei Long
Solid Earth, 12, 2327–2350, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2327-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2327-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses seismic reflection data to interpret the geometric relationship and evolution of intra-basement and rift-related structures in the Enping sag in the northern South China Sea. Our observations suggest the primary control of pre-existing thrust faults is the formation of low-angle normal faults, with possible help from low-friction materials, and the significant role of pre-existing basement thrust faults in fault geometry, paleotopography, and syn-rift stratigraphy of rift basins.
Sonia Yeung, Marnie Forster, Emmanuel Skourtsos, and Gordon Lister
Solid Earth, 12, 2255–2275, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2255-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2255-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We do not know when the ancient Tethys Ocean lithosphere began to founder, but one clue can be found in subduction accreted tectonic slices, including Gondwanan basement terranes on the island of Ios, Cyclades, Greece. We propose a 250–300 km southwards jump of the subduction megathrust with a period of flat-slab subduction followed by slab break-off. The initiation and its subsequent rollback of a new subduction zone would explain the onset of Oligo–Miocene extension and accompanying magmatism.
Rahul Prabhakaran, Giovanni Bertotti, Janos Urai, and David Smeulders
Solid Earth, 12, 2159–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2159-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2159-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rock fractures are organized as networks with spatially varying arrangements. Due to networks' influence on bulk rock behaviour, it is important to quantify network spatial variation. We utilize an approach where fracture networks are treated as spatial graphs. By combining graph similarity measures with clustering techniques, spatial clusters within large-scale fracture networks are identified and organized hierarchically. The method is validated on a dataset with nearly 300 000 fractures.
Olivier Lacombe, Nicolas E. Beaudoin, Guilhem Hoareau, Aurélie Labeur, Christophe Pecheyran, and Jean-Paul Callot
Solid Earth, 12, 2145–2157, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2145-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2145-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to illustrate how the timing and duration of contractional deformation associated with folding in orogenic forelands can be constrained by the dating of brittle mesostructures observed in folded strata. The study combines new and already published absolute ages of fractures to provide, for the first time, an educated discussion about the factors controlling the duration of the sequence of deformation encompassing layer-parallel shortening, fold growth, and late fold tightening.
Vincent Famin, Hugues Raimbourg, Muriel Andreani, and Anne-Marie Boullier
Solid Earth, 12, 2067–2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sediments accumulated in accretionary prisms are deformed by the compression imposed by plate subduction. Here we show that deformation of the sediments transforms some minerals in them. We suggest that these mineral transformations are due to the proliferation of microorganisms boosted by deformation. Deformation-enhanced microbial proliferation may change our view of sedimentary and tectonic processes in subduction zones.
Marta Adamuszek, Dan M. Tămaş, Jessica Barabasch, and Janos L. Urai
Solid Earth, 12, 2041–2065, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2041-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2041-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse folded multilayer sequences in the Ocnele Mari salt mine (Romania) to gain insight into the long-term rheological behaviour of rock salt. Our results indicate the large role of even a small number of impurities in the rock salt for its effective mechanical behaviour. We demonstrate how the development of folds that occur at various scales can be used to constrain the viscosity ratio in the deformed multilayer sequence.
Dario Zampieri, Paola Vannoli, and Pierfrancesco Burrato
Solid Earth, 12, 1967–1986, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1967-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1967-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The long-lived Schio-Vicenza Fault System is a major shear zone cross-cutting the foreland and the thrust belt of the eastern southern Alps. We review 150 years of scientific works and explain its activity and kinematics, characterized by sinistral and dextral transcurrent motion along its southern and northern sections, respectively, by a geodynamic model that has the Adria indenter as the main actor and coherently reconciles the available geological and geophysical evidence collected so far.
Vincent F. Verwater, Eline Le Breton, Mark R. Handy, Vincenzo Picotti, Azam Jozi Najafabadi, and Christian Haberland
Solid Earth, 12, 1309–1334, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1309-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1309-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Balancing along geological cross sections reveals that the Giudicarie Belt comprises two kinematic domains. The SW domain accommodated at least ~ 18 km Late Oligocene to Early Miocene shortening. Since the Middle Miocene, the SW domain experienced at least ~ 12–22 km shortening, whereas the NE domain underwent at least ~ 25–35 km. Together, these domains contributed to ~ 40–47 km of sinistral offset of the Periadriatic Fault along the Northern Giudicarie Fault since the Late Oligocene.
Emma A. H. Michie, Mark J. Mulrooney, and Alvar Braathen
Solid Earth, 12, 1259–1286, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1259-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1259-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Generating an accurate model of the subsurface is crucial when assessing a site for CO2 storage, particularly for a fault-bound storage site that may act as a seal or could reactivate upon CO2 injection. However, we have shown how picking strategy, i.e. line spacing, chosen to create the model significantly influences any subsequent fault analyses but is surprisingly rarely discussed. This analysis has been performed on the Vette Fault bounding the Smeaheia potential CO2 storage site.
Stefano Urbani, Guido Giordano, Federico Lucci, Federico Rossetti, and Gerardo Carrasco-Núñez
Solid Earth, 12, 1111–1124, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1111-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1111-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Structural studies in active calderas have a key role in the exploration of geothermal systems. We reply in detail to the points raised by the comment of Norini and Groppelli (2020), strengthening the relevance of our structural fieldwork for geothermal exploration and exploitation in active caldera geothermal systems including the Los Humeros caldera.
Jakob Bolz and Jonas Kley
Solid Earth, 12, 1005–1024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1005-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1005-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To assess the role smaller graben structures near the southern edge of the Central European Basin System play in the basin’s overall deformational history, we take advantage of a feature found on some of these structures, where slivers from older rock units appear along the graben's main fault, surrounded on both sides by younger strata. The implications for the geometry of the fault provide a substantially improved estimate for the magnitude of normal and thrust motion along the fault system.
Domingo G. A. M. Aerden, Alejandro Ruiz-Fuentes, Mohammad Sayab, and Aidan Forde
Solid Earth, 12, 971–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-971-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-971-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the geometry of foliations and microfolds preserved within metamorphic garnet crystals using X-ray tomography. The studied rocks are blueschists from Ile de Groix formed during Late Devonian subduction of Gondwana under Armorica. Several sets of differently oriented microfabrics were found recording variations in the direction of subduction. Comparison with similar data for Iberia supports that Iberia rotated only 10–20° during the Cretaceous opening of the North Atlantic.
Cited articles
Allemand, P. and Brun, J. P.: Width of continental rifts and rheological
layering of the lithosphere, Tectonophysics, 188, 63–69, 1991.
Allmendinger, R. W.: : Inverse and forward numerical modeling of threeshear
fault-propagation folds, Tectonics, 17, 640–656, 1998.
Auzemery, A., Willingshofer, E., Sokoutis, D., Brun, J. P., and Cloetingh
S. A. P. L.: Passive margin inversion controlled by stability of the mantle
lithosphere, Tectonophysics, 817, 229042,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.229042, 2021.
Aydin, A. and Nur, A.: Evolution of pull-apart basins and their scale
independence, Tectonics, 1, 91–105, 1982.
Ballard, J.-F., Brun, J.-P., and Van Ven Driessche, J.: Propagation des
chevauchements au-dessus des zones de décollement: modèles
expérimentaux, CR Acad. Sci., 11,
305, 1249–1253, 1987.
Basile, C.: Transform continental margins – Part 1: Concepts and models.
Tectonophysics, 661, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.034, 2015.
Basile, C. and Brun, J.-P.: Transtensional faulting patterns ranging from
pull-apart basins to transform continental margins: an experimental
investigation, J. Struct. Geol., 21, 23–37, 1997.
Beauchamp, W., Barazangi, M., Demnati, A., and El Alji, M.: Intracontinental
rifting and inversion: Missour Basin and Atlas Mountains, Morocco, AAPG Bull., 80, 1455–1482, 1996.
Bergh, S. G. and Grogan, P.: Tertiary structure of the Sørkapp-Hornsund
Region, South Spitsbergen, and implications for the offshore southern
extension of the fold-thrust-belt, Norw. J. Geol., 83, 43–60,
2003.
Bergh, S. G., Braathen, A. and Andresen, A.: Interaction of basement-involved
and thin-skinned tectonism in the Tertiary fold-and-thrust belt of Central
Spitsbergen, Svalbard, APPG Bull., 81, 637–661, 1997.
Biddle, K. T. and Christie-Blick, N.: Strike-Slip Deformation, Basin
Formation, and Sedimentation, Soc. Econ. Pa., 37, 386 pp., 1985a.
Biddle, K. T. and Christie-Blick, N.: Glossary – Strike-slip deformation,
basin formation, and sedimentation, in: Biddle, K.T., and Christie-Blick, N.
(eds.): Strike-Slip Deformation, Basin Formation, and Sedimentation, Soc. Econ. Pa., 37,
375–386, 1985b.
Blaich, O. A., Tsikalas, F., and Faleide, J. I.: New insights into the
tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the southern Stappen High and the
transition to Bjørnøya Basin, SW Barents Sea, Mar. Petrol.
Geol., 85, 89–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.04.015, 2017.
Breivik, A. J., Faleide, J. I., and Gudlaugsson, S. T.: Southwestern Barents Sea
margin: late Mesozoic sedimentary basins and crustal extension,
Tectonophysics, 293, 21–44, 1998.
Breivik, A. J., Mjelde, R., Grogan, P., Shinamura, H., Murai, Y., and Nishimura, Y.:
Crustal structure and transform margin development south of Svalbard based
on ocean bottom seismometer data, Tectonophysics, 369, 37–70, 2003.
Brekke, H.: The tectonic evolution of the Norwegian Sea continen- tal margin
with emphasis on the Vøring and Møre basins, Geol. Soc. Eng. Geol. Sp., 136, 327–378, 2000.
Brekke, H. and Riis, F.: Mesozoic tectonics and basin evolution of the
Norwegian Shelf between 60∘ N and 72∘ N, Norsk Geol.
Tidsskr., 67, 295–322, 1987.
Burchfiel, B. C. and Stewart, J. H.: “Pull-apart” origin of the central segment
of Death Valley, California, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 77,
439–442, 1966.
Campbell, J. D.: En échelon folding, Economical Geology, 53, 448–472,
1958.
Cartwright, J. A.: The kinematics of inversion in the Danish Central Graben,
in: Inversion Tectonics, edited by: Cooper, M. A. and Williams, G. D., Geol.
Soc. Spec. Publ., 44, 153–175, 1989.
Casas, A. M., Gapals, D., Nalpas, T., Besnard, K., and Román-Berdiel, T.:
Analogue models of transpressive systems, J. Struct. Geol.,
23, 733–743, 2001.
Christie-Blick, N. and Biddle, K. T.: Deformation and basin formation along
strike-slip faults, in: Strike-slip deformation, basin formation and sedimentation, edited by: Biddle, K. T. and Christie-Blick, N., Society of
Economic Mineralogists and Palaeontologists (Tulsa Oklahoma), Special
Publication, 37, 1–34, 1985.
Cloos, H.: Experimenten zur inneren Tectonick, Zentralblatt für
Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaentologie, 1928B, 609–621, 1928.
Cloos, H.: Experimental analysis of fracture patterns, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 66, 241–256, 1955.
Cooper, M. and Warren, M. J.: The geometric characteristics, genesis and
petroleum significance of inversion structures, in: Continental
Tectonics and Mountain Building: The Lagacy of Peache and Horne, edited by: Law, R. D., Butler, R. W. H.,
Holdsworth, R. E., Krabbendam, M., and Strachan, R. A., Geol.
Soc. Spec. Publ., 335, 827–846, 2010.
Cooper, M. A., Williams, G. D., de Graciansky, P. C., Murphy, R. W., Needham, T., de
Paor, D., Stoneley, R., Todd, S. P., Turner, J. P., and Ziegler, P. A.: Inversion
tectonics – a discussion, Geol.
Soc. Spec. Publ.,
44, 335–347, 1989.
Coward, M.: Inversion tectonics, in: Continental
Deformation, edited by: Hancock, P. L., Pergamon Press, 289–304, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800011602, 1994.
Coward, M. P., Gillcrist, R., and Trudgill, B.: Extensional structures and
their tectonic inversion in the Western Alps, in: The Geometry of Normal Faults, Roberts, A. M., Yielding, G.,
and Freeman, B., Geol.
Soc. Spec. Publ., 56, 93–112, 1991.
Crowell, J. C.: Displacement along the San Andreas Fault, California,
Geol. S. Am. S., 71, 59 pp., 1962.
Crowell, J. C.: Origin of late Cenozoic basins in southern California, in: Modern and ancient geosynclinal
sedimentation, edited by:
Dorr, R. H. and Shaver, R. H., SEPM Spec. P., 19, 292–303, 1974a.
Crowell, J. C.: Implications of crustal stretching and shortening of
coastal Ventura Basin, in: Aspects of the geological
history of the Calefornia continental Borderland, edited by: Howell, D. G., AAPG Bull., 24, 365–382, 1974b.
Cunningham, W. D. and Mann, P.: Tectonics of Strike-Slip Restraining
and Releasing Bends, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 290,
482 pp., 2007a.
Cunningham, W. D. and Mann, P.: Tectonics of Strike-Slip Restraining and
Releasing Bends, in: Tectonics of
Strike-Slip Restraining and Releasing Bends, edited by: Cunningham, W. D. and Mann, P., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 290, 1–12, 2007b.
Dauteuil, O. and Mart, Y.: Analogue modeling of faulting pattern, ductile
deformation, and vertical motion in strike-slip fault zones, Tectonics,
17, 303–310, 1998.
Del Ventisette, C., Montanari, D., Sani, F., Bonini, M., and Corti, G.: Reply
to comment by J. Wickham on “Basin inversion and fault reactivation in
laboratory experiments”, J. Struct. Geol., 29, 1417–1418, 2007.
DISKOS: The Norwegian National Data Repository for petroleum data, DISKOS [data set], https://www.npd.no/en/diskos/seismic/ (last access: 25 November 2021), 2021.
Dooley, T. and McClay, K.: Analog modeling of pull-apart basins, Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. B., 81, 1804–1826, 1997.
Dooley, T. P. and Schreurs, G.: Analogue modelling of intraplate strike-slip
tectonics: A review and new experimental results, Tectonophysics, 574–575,
1–71, 2012.
Doré, A. G. and Lundin, E. R.: Cenozoic compressional structures on the NE
Atlantic margin: nature, origin and potential significance for hydrocarbon
exploration, Petrol. Geosci., 2, 299–311, 1996.
Doré, A. G., Lundin, E. R., Jensen, L. N., Birkeland, Ø., Eliassen, P. E.,
and Fichler, C.: Principal tectonic events in the evolution of the northwest
European Atlantic margin, in: Petroleum
Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the Fifth Conference, edited by: Fleet, A. J. and Boldy, S. A. R., Geological
Society of London, 41–61, https://doi.org/10.1144/0050041, 1999.
Doré, A. G., Lundin, E. R., Gibbons, A., Sømme, T. O., and
Tørudbakken, B. O.: Transform margins of the Arctic: a synthesis and
re-evaluation in: Transform Margins,: Development, Control and
Petroleum Systems, edited by: Nemcok, M., Rybár, S., Sinha, S. T., Hermeston, S. A., and
Ledvényiová, L., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 431,
63–94, 2016.
Eidvin, T., Goll, R. M., Grogan, P., Smelror, M., and Ulleberg, K.: The
Pleistocene to Middle Eocene stratigraphy and geological evolution of the
western Barents Sea continental margin ta well site 731675-1 (Bjørnøya
West area), Norsk Geol. Tidsskr., 78, 99–123, 1988.
Eidvin, T., Jansen, E., and Riis, F.: Chronology of Tertiary fan deposits off
the western Barents Sea: Implications for the uplift and erosion history of
the Barents Shelf, Mar. Geol., 112, 109–131, 1993.
Eldholm, O., Faleide, J. I., and Myhre, A. M.: Continent-ocean transition at
the western Barents Sea/Svalbard continental margin, Geology, 15, 1118–1122,
1987.
Eldholm, O., Tsikalas, F., and Faleide, J. I.: Continental margin off Norway
62–75∘ N: Paleogene tectono-magmatic segmentation and sedimentation,
Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 197, 39–68, 2002.
Emmons, R. C.: Strike-slip rupture patterns in sand models, Tectonophysics,
7, 71–87, 1969.
Faleide, J. I., Myhre, A. M., and Eldholm, O.: Early Tertiary volcanism at the
western Barents Sea margin, in: Early
Tertiary volcanism and the opening of the NE Atlantic, edited by: Morton, A. C. and Parsons, L. M., Geol. Soc.
Spec. Publ., 39, 135–146, 1988.
Faleide, J. I., Vågnes, E., and Gudlaugsson, S. T.: Late Mesozoic –
Cenozoic evolution of the south-western Barents Sea in a regional rift-shear
tectonic setting, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 10, 186–214, 1993.
Faleide, J. I., Tsikalas, F., Breivik, A. J., Mjelde, R., Ritzmann, O., Engen,
Ø., Wilson, J., and Eldholm, O.: Structure and evolution of the
continental margin off Norway and the Barents Sea, Episodes, 31, 82–91,
2008.
Faleide, J. I., Bjørlykke, K., and Gabrielsen, R. H.: Geology of the
Norwegian Shelf, in: Petroleum Geoscience: From Sedimentary
Environments to Rock Physics, edited by: Bjørlykke, K., 2nd edn., Springer-Verlag, Berlin
Heidelberg, Chap. 25, 603–637, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34132-8_25, 2015.
Faugère, E., Brun, J.-P., and Van Den Driessche, J.: Bassins
asymmétriques en extension pure et en détachements: Modèles
expérimentaux, Bulletin Centre Recherche Exploration et Production Elf
Aquitaine, 10, 13–21, 1986.
Fichler, C. and Pastore, Z.: Petrology and crystalline crust in the
southwestern Barents Sea inferred from geophysical data, Norw. J.
Geol., 102, 1–41, https://doi.org/10.17850/njg102-2-2, 2022.
Freund, R.: The Hope Fault, a strike-slip fault in New Zealand, New Zealand
Geological Survey Bulletin, 86, 1–49, 1971.
Gabrielsen, R. H.: Structural elements in graben systems and their influence
on hydrocarbon trap types, in: Habitat of Hydrocarbons
on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, edited by: Spencer, A. M., Norw. Petrol. Soc., 55–60, 1986.
Gabrielsen, R. H., Færseth, R. B., Jensen, L. N., Kalheim, J. E., and Riis,
F.: Structural elements of the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Part I: The
Barents Sea Region, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Bulletin, 6, 1–33,
1990.
Gabrielsen, R. H., Grunnaleite, I., and Rasmussen, E.: Cretaceous and Tertiary
inversion in the Bjørnøyrenna Fault Complex, south-western Barents
Sea, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 142, 165–178, 1997.
Gac, S., Klitzke, P., Minakov, A., Faleide, J. I., and Scheck-Wenderoth, M.:
Lithospheric strength and eleastic thickness of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea
region, Tectonophysics, 691, 120–132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.04.028, 2016.
Gaina, C., Gernigon, L., and Ball, P.: Palaeocene – Recent plate boundaries
in the NE Atlantic and the formation of the Jan Mayen microcontinent,
J. Geol. Soc., London, 166, 601–616, 2009.
Ganerød, M., Smethurst, M. A., Torsvik, T. H., Prestvik, T., Rousse, S.,
McKenna, C., van Hinsberen, D. J. J., and Hendriks, W. W. H.: The North Atlantic
Igneous Province reconstructed and its relation to the Plume Generation
Zone: the Antrim Lava Group revisited, Geophys. J. Int.,
182, 183–202, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04620.x, 2010.
Giannenas, P. A.: The Structural Development of the Vestbakken Volcanic
Province, Western Barents Sea. Relation between Faults and Folds,
unpublished Ms.Sci.thesis, University of Oslo, 89 pp., http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-66933 (last access: 29 August 2023), 2018.
Gibson, G. M., Totterdell, J. M., White, N., Mitchell, C. H., Stacey, A. R., M. P.
Morse, M. P., and Whitaker, A.: Preexisting basement structures and its
influence on continental rifting and fracture development along Australia's
southern rifted margin, J. Geol. Soc. London, 170,
365–377, 2013.
Graymer, R. W., Langenheim, V. E., Simpson, R. W., Jachens, R. C. and Ponce,
D. A.: Relative simple through-going fault planes at large-earthquake depth
may be concealed by surface complexity of strike-slip faults, in: Tectonics of Strike-Slip Restraining
and Releasing Bends, edited by:
Cunningham, W. D. and Mann, P., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 290,
189–201, 2007.
Griera, A., Gomez Rivas, E., and Llorens, M.-G.: The influence of
layer-interface geometry of single-layer folding, Geol. Soc.
Spec. Publ. 487, 59–79, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.4, 2018.
Grogan, P., Østvedt-Ghazi, A.-M., Larssen, G. B., Fotland, B., Nyberg, K.,
Dahlgren, S., and Eidvin, T.: Structural elements and petroleum geology of
the Norwegian sector of the northern Barents sea, in: Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of
the 5th Conference, edited by: Fleet, A. J. and
Boldry, S. A. R., Geological Society of London, 247–259, https://doi.org/10.1144/0050247, 1999.
Groshong, R. H.: Half-graben structures: balanced models of extensional fault
bend folds, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 101, 96–195, 1989.
Gudlaugsson, S. T., Faleide, J. I., Johansen, S. E., and Breivik, A. J.: Late
Palaeozoic structural development of the south-western Barents Sea, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 15, 73–102, 1998.
Hamblin, W. K.: Origin of “reverse drag” on the down-thrown side of normal
faults, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 76, 1145–1164, 1965.
Hanisch, J.: The Cretaceous opening of the Northeast Atlantic,
Tectonophysics, 101, 1–23, 1984.
Harding, T. P.: Petroleum traps associated with wrench faults, AAPG Bull., 58, 1290–1304, 1974.
Harding, T. P. and Lowell, J. D.: Structural styles, their plate tectonic
habitats, and hydrocarbon traps in petroleum provinces, AAPG Bull., 63, 1016–1058, 1979.
Harland, W. B.: The tectonic evolution of the Arctic-North Atlantic Region,
in: Discussion, A Symposium on Continental Drift, edited by: Taylor, J. H., Rutten, M. G., Hales, A. L., Shackelton, R. M., Nairn, A. E., and
Harland, W. B., Philos.
T. R. Soc. S.-A, 258, 59–75,
1965.
Harland, W. B.: Contributions of Spitsbergen to understanding of tectonic
evolution of North Atlantic Region, AAPG Bull., 12, 817–851, 1969.
Harland, W. B.: Tectonic transpression in Caledonian Spitsbergen, Geol.
Mag., 108, 27–42, 1971.
Henk, A. and Nemcok, M.: Stress and fracture prediction in inverted
half-graben structures, J. Struct. Geol., 30, 81–97, 2008.
Horni, J.Á., Hopper, J. R., Blischke, A., Geisler, W. H., Stewart, M.,
Mcdermott, K., Judge, M., Erlendsson, Ö., and Árting, U. E.: Regional
Distribution of Volcanism within the North Atlantic Igneous Province. The NE
Atlantic Region: A Reappraisal of Crustal Structure, Tectonostratigraphy and
Magmatic Evolution, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 447,
105–125, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP447.18, 2017.
Horsfield, W. T.: An experimental approach to basement-controlled
faulting, Geol. Mijbouw, 56, 363–370, 1977.
Hubbert, M. K.: Theory of scale models as applied to the study of geologic
structures, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 48, 1459–1520, 1937.
Jebsen, C. and Faleide, J. I.: Tertiary rifting and magmatism at the western
Barents Sea margin (Vestbakken volcanic province), III international
conference on Arctic margins, ICAM III, abstracts, plenary lectures, talks
and posters, p. 92, 1998.
Khalil, S. M. and McClay, K. R.: 3D geometry and kinematic evolution of
extensional fault-related folds, NW Red Sea, Egypt, in: The Geometry and Growth of Normal Faults, edited by: Childs, C.,
Holdswort, R. E., Jackson, C. A. L., Manzocchi, T., Walsh, J. J., and Yielding, G., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 439, 409–430, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP439.11, 2017.
Klinkmüller, M., Schreurs, G., Rosenau, M., and Kemnitz,
H.: Properties of granular analogue model materials: a community wide survey, Tectonophysics, 684, 23–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.01.017, 2016.
Knutsen, S.-M. and Larsen, K. I.: The late Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of
the Sørvestsnaget Basin: A tectonostratigraphic mirror for regional
events along the Southwestern Barents Sea Margin?, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 14, 27–54, 1997.
Kristensen, T. B., Rotevatn, A., Marvik, M., Henstra, G. A., Gawthorpe, R. L.,
and Ravnås, R.: Structural evolution of sheared basin margins: the role
of strain partitioning. Sørvestsnaget Basin, Norwegian Barents Sea, Basin
Res., 2017, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12235, 2017.
Le Calvez, J.-H. and Vendeville, B. C.: Experimental designs to mode along
strike-slip fault interaction, in: Analogue Modeling of large-scale Tectonic Processes, edited by: Scellart, W. P. and Passcheir, C., Journal of Virtual
Explorer, 7, 7–23, 2002.
Leever, K. A., Gabrielsen, R. H., Sokoutis, D., and Willingshofer, E.: The
effect of convergence angle on the kinematic evolution of strain
partitioning in transpressional brittle wedges: insight from analog modeling
and high resolution digital image analysis, Tectonics, 30, 1–25,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009TC002649, 2011a.
Leever, K. A., Gabrielsen, R. H., Faleide, J. I., and Braathen, A.: A
transpressional origin for the West Spitsbergen Fold and Thrust Belt –
insight from analog modeling, Tectonics, 30, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010TC002753, 2011b.
Libak, A., Mjelde, R., Keers, H., Faleide, J. I., and Murai, Y.: An intergrated
geophysical study of Vestbakken Volcanic Province, western Barents Sea
continental margin, and adjacent oceanic crust, Mar. Geophys. Res.,
33, 187–207, 2012.
Lorenzo, J. M.: Sheared continental margins: an overview, Geo-Mar. Lett.,
17, 1–3, 1997
Lowell, J. D.: Spitsbergen Tertiary orogenic belt and the Spitsbergen
fracture zone, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 83, 3091–3102, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[3091:STOBAT]2.0.CO;2, 1972.
Lundin, E. R. and Doré, A. G.: A tectonic model for the Norwegian passive
margin with implications for the NE Atlantic: Early Cretaceous to break-up,
J. Geol. Soc. London, 154, 545–550, 1997.
Lundin, E. R., Doré, A. G., Rønning, K., and Kyrkjebø, R.: Repeated
inversion in the Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic northern Vøring Basin, offshore
Norway, Petrol. Geosci., 19, 329–341, 2013.
Luth, S., Willingshofer, E., Sokoutis, D., and Cloetingh, S.: Analogue
modelling of continental collision: Influence of plate coupling on manle
lithosphere subduction, crustal deformation and surface topography,
Tectonophysics, 4184, 87–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.043, 2010.
Maher Jr., H. D., Bergh, S., Braathen, A., and Ohta, Y.: Svartfjella,
Eidembukta, and Daudmannsodden lineament: Tertiary orogen-parallel motion in
the crystalline hinterland of Spitsbergen's fold-thrust belt, Tectonics,
16, 88–106, https://doi.org/10.1029/96TC02616, 1997.
Mandl, G., de Jong, L. N. J., and Maltha, A.: Shear zones in granular material,
Rock Mech., 9, 95–144, 1977.
Manduit, T. and Dauteuil, O.: Small scale modeling of oceanic transform
zones, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20195–20209, 1996.
Mann, P.: Global catalogue, classification and tectonic origins o
frestraining and releasing bends on active and ancient strike-slip fault
systems, in: Tectonics of
Strike-Slip Restraining and Releasing Bends, edited by: Cunningham, W. D. and Mann, P., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 290, 13–142, 2007.
Mann, P., Hempton, M. R., Bradley, D. C., and Burke, K.: Development of
pull-apart basins, J. Geol., 91, 529–554, 1983.
Mascle, J. and Blarez, E.: Evidence for transform margin evolution from the
Ivory Coast Ghana continental margin, Nature, 326, 378–381, 1987.
McClay, K. R.: Extensional fault systems in sedimentary basins. A
review of analogue model studies, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 7, 206–233,
1990.
Mitra, S.: Geometry and kinematic evolution of inversion structures,
American Assiciation of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 77, 1159–1191, 1993.
Mitra, S. and Paul, D.: Structural geology and evolution of releasing and
constratrining bends: Insights from laser-scanned experimental models,
AAPG Bull., 95, 1147–1180,
2011.
Morgenstern, N. R. and Tchalenko, J. S.: Microscopic structures in kaolin
subjected to direct shear, Géotechnique, 17, 309–328, 1967.
Mosar, J., Torsvik, T. H., and the BAT Team: Opening of the Norwegian and
Greenland Seas: Plate tectonics in mid Norway since the late Permian, in: BATLAS. Mid Norwegian plate reconstruction atlas with global
and Atlantic perspectives, edited by:
Eide, E., Geological Survey of Norway, 48–59, 2002.
Mouslopoulou, V., Nicol, A., Little, T. A., and Walsh, J.J.: Terminations of
large-strike-slip faults: an alternative model from New Zealand, in: Tectonics of Strike-Slip Restraining
and Releasing Bends, edited by:
Cunningham, W. D. and Mann, P., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 290,
387–415, 2007.
Mouslopoulou, V., Nicol, A., Walsh, J. J., Beetham, D., and Stagpoole, V.:
Quaternary temporal stability of a regional strike-slip and rift fault
interaction, J. Struct. Geol., 30, 451–463, 2008.
Myhre, A. M. and Eldholm, O.: The western Svalbard margin (74–80∘ N), Mar. Petrol. Geol., 5, 134–156, 1988.
Myhre, A. M., Eldholm, O., and Sundvor, E.: The margin between Senja and
Spitsbergen Fracture Zones: Implications from plate tectonics,
Tectonophysics, 89, 33–50, 1982.
Naylor, M. A., Mandl, G., and Sijpestijn, C. H. K.: Fault geometries in
basement-induced wrench faulting under different initial stress states,
J. Struct. Geol., 8, 737–752, 1986.
Nemcok, M., Rybár, S., Sinha, S. T., Hermeston, S. A., and
Ledvényioviá, L.: Transform margins: development, controls and
petroeum systems – an introduction, in: Transform
Margins,: Development, Control and Petroleum Systems, edited by: Nemcok, M., Rybár, S., Sinha,
S. T., Hermeston, S. A., and Ledvényiová, L., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 431, 1–38, 2016.
Odonne, F. and Vialon, P.: Analogue models of folds above a wrench fault,
Tectonophysics, 990, 31–46, 1983.
Pace, P. and Calamita, F.: Push-up inversion structures v. fault-bend
reactivation anticlines along oblique thrust ramps: examples from the
Apennines fold-and-thrust-belt, Italy, J. Geol. Soc. London,
171, 227–238, 2014.
Pascal, C. and Gabrielsen, R. H.: Numerical modelling of Cenozoic stress
patterns in the mid Norwegian Margin and the northern North Sea, Tectonics,
20, 585–599, 2001.
Pascal, C., Roberts, D., and Gabrielsen, R. H.: Quantification of neotectonic
stress orientations and magnitudes from field observations in Finnmark,
northern Norway, J. Struct. Geol., 27, 859–870, 2005.
Peacock, D. C. P., Nixon, C. W., Rotevatn, A., Sanderson, D. J., and Zuluaga,
L. F.: Glossary of fault and other fracture networks, J. Struct. Geol., 92, 12–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2016.09.008, 2016.
Perez-Garcia, C., Safranova, P. A., Mienert, J., Berndt, C., and Andreassen,
K.: Extensional rise and fall of a salt diapir in the Sørvestsnaget
Basin, SW Barents Sea, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 46, 129–134, 2013.
Ramberg, H.: Gravity, deformation and the Earth's crust, Academic Press, New
York, 214 pp., ISBN 978-0125768603, 1967.
Ramberg, H.: Gravity, deformation and the Earth's crust, 2nd edn.,
Academic Press, New York 452 pp., ISBN 9780125768603, 1981.
Ramsay, J. G. and Huber, M. I.: The techniques of modern structural
geology. Vol. 2: Folds and fractures, Academic Press, London, 309–700, ISBN 0-12-576922-9, 1987.
Richard, P. and Krantz, R. W.: Experiments on fault reactivation in
strike-slip mode, Tectonophysics, 188, 117–131, 1991.
Richard, P. D. and Cobbold, P. R.: Structures et fleur positives et
décrochements crustaux: mdélisation analogiuque et interpretation
mechanique, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 308, 553–560, 1989.
Richard, P., Mocquet, B., and Cobbold, P. R.: Experiments on
simultaneous faulting and folding above a basement wrench fault,
Tectonophysics, 188, 133–141, 1991.
Riedel, W.: Zur Mechanik geologischer Brucherscheinungen. Centralblatt
für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palentologie, 1929B, 354–368, 1929.
Riis, F., Vollset, J., and Sand, M.: Tectonic development of the western
margin of the Barents Sea and adjacent areas, in: Future
petroleum provinces of the World, edited by: Halbouty, M. T., AAPG Bull., 40, 661–667, 1986.
Roberts, D. G.: Basin inversion in and around the British Isles, in: Inversion Tectonics, edited by: Cooper, M. A. and Williams, G. D., Geol. Soc.
Spec. Publ., 44, 131–150, 1989.
Ryseth, A., Augustson, J. H., Charnock, M., Haugsrud, O., Knutsen., S.-M.,
Midbøe, P. S., Opsal, J. G., and Sundsbø, G.: Cenozoic stratigraphy and
evolution of the Sørvestsnaget Basin, southwestern Barents Sea, Norw.
J. Geol., 83, 107–130, 2003.
Saunders, A. D., Fitton, J. G., Kerr, A. C., Norry, M. J., and Kent, R. W.: The
North Atlantic Igneous Province: Geophysical Monograph 100, American
Geophysical Union, 45–93, 1997.
Scheurs, G.: Experiments on strike-slip faulting and block rotation,
Geology, 22, 567–570, 1990.
Schreurs, G.: Fault development and interaction in distributed strike-slip
shear zones: an experimental approach, in: Intraplate Strike-slip Deformation Belts, edited by: Storti, F., Holdsworth, R. E., and
Salvini, F., Geol.
Soc. Spec. Publ., 210, 35–82, 2003.
Schreurs, G. and Colletta, B.: Analogue modelling of faulting in zones of
continental transpression and transtension, in: Continental Transpressional and Transtensional
Tectonics, edited by: Holdsworth, R. E., Strachan,
R. A., and Dewey, J. F., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 135,
59–79, 1998.
Schreurs, G. and Colletta, B.: Analogue modelling of continental
transpression and transtension, in: Analogue Modelling of Large-scale Tectonic Processes, edited by: Scellart, W. P. and Passchier, C., Journal of the Virtual
Explorer, 7, 103–114, 2003.
Seiler, C., Fletcher, J. M., Quigley, M. C., Gleadow, A. J., and Kohn, B. P.:
Neogene structural evolution of the Sierra San Felipe, Baja California:
evidence of proto-gulf transtension in the Gulf Extensional Province?,
Tectonophysics, 488, 87–109, 2010.
Sibuet, J. C. and Mascle, J.: Plate kinematic implications of Atlantic
equatorial fracture zone trends, J. Geophys. Res., 85,
3401–3421, 1978.
Sims, D., Ferrill, D. A., and Stamatakos, J. A.: Role of a brittle
décollement in the development of pull-apart basins: experimental
results and natural examples, J. Struct. Geol., 21, 533–554,
1999.
Sokoutis, D.: Finite strain effects in experimental mullions, J. Struct. Geol., 9, 233–249, 1987.
Stearns, D. W.: Faulting and forced folding in the Rocky Mountains
Foreland, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem., 151, 1–38, 1978
Sylvester, A. G.: Wrench Fault Tectonics, Selected papers
reprinted from the AAPG Bulletin and other geological journals, AAPG Bull., 28, 374 pp., ISBN 978-0891815501, 1985.
Sylvester, A. G.: Strike-slip faults, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.,
100, 1666–1703, 1988.
Taylor, B., Goodlife, A., and Martinez, F.: Intiation of transform faults at
rifted continental margins, C. R. Geosci., 341, 428–438, 2009.
Talwani, M. and Eldholm, O.: Evolution of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea,
Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 88, 969–999, 1977.
Tchalenko, J. S: Similarities between shear zones of different magnitudes,
Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 81, 1625–1640, 1970.
Tron, V. and Brun J.-P.: Experiments on oblique rifting in brittle-ductile
systems, Tectonophysics, 188, 71–84, 1991.
Twiss, R. J. and Moores, E. M.: Structural Geology, 2nd edn., Freedman and Co., New York, 736 pp., ISBN 978-0716749516 2007.
Ueta, K., Tani, K., and Kato, T.: Computerized X-ray tomography analysis of
three-dimensional fault geometries in basement-induced wrench faulting,
Eng. Geol., 56, 197–210, 2000.
Uliana, M. A., Arteaga, M. E., Legarreta, L., Cerdan, J. J., and Peroni, G. O.:
Inversion structures and hydrocarbon occurrence in Argentia, in: Basin Inversion, edited by:
Buchanan, J. G. and Buchanan, P. G., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 88, 211–233, 1995.
Vågnes, E.: Uplift at thermo-mechanically coupled ocean-continent
transforms: modeled at the Senja Fracture Zone, southwestern Barents Sea,
Geo-Mar. Lett., 17, 100–109, 1997.
Vågnes, E., Gabrielsen, R. H., and Haremo. P.: Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic
intraplate contractional deformation at the Norwegian continental shelf:
timing, magnitude and regional implications, Tectonophysics, 300, 29–46,
1998.
Weijermars, R. and Schmeling, H.:. Scaling of Newtonian and non-Newtonian
fluid dynamics without inertia for quantitative modelling of rock flow due
to gravity (including the concept of rheological similarity, Phys.
Earth Planet. In., 43, 316–330, 1986.
Wilcox, R. E., Harding, T. P., and Selly, D. R.: Basic wrench tectonics, Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. B, 57, 74–69, 1973.
Williams, G. D., Powell, C. M., and Cooper, M. A.: Geometry and kinematics of
inversion tectonics, in: Inversion
Tectonics, edited by: Cooper, M. A. and Williams, G. D., Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 44, 3–16, 1989.
Willingshofer, E., Sokoutis, D., and Burg, J.-P.: Lithosprer-scale analogue
modelling of collsion zones with a pre-existing weak zone, in: DeformatiomMechanisms, Rhology and
Tectonics: from Minerals to the Litohsphere, edited by: Gapais, D.,
Brun, J. P., and Cobbold, P. R., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 43, 277–294, 2005.
Willingshofer, E., Sokoutis, D., Beekman, F., Schönebeck, F., Warsitzka,
J.-M., Michael, M., and Rosenau, M.: Ring shear test data of feldspar sand
and quartz sand used in the Tectonic Laboratory (TecLab) at Utrecht
University for experimental Earth Science applications, V1, GFZ Data
Service, https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2018.072, 2018.
Woodcock, N. H. and Fisher, M.: Strike-slip duplexes, J. Struct. Geol., 8, 725–735, 1986.
Woodcock, N. H. and Schubert, C.: Continental strike-slip tectonics, in: Continental Deformation, edited by: Hancock, P. L., Pergamon Press, 251–263, ISBN 0 08 037931 1, 1994.
Yamada, Y. and McClay, K. R.: Analog modeling of inversion thrust structures,
experiments of 3D inversion structures above listric fault systems, in: Thrust Tectonics and Petroleum Systems, edited by:
McClay, K. R., AAPG Memoir., 82, 276–302, 2004.
Short summary
The Barents Shear Margin defines the border between the relatively shallow Barents Sea that is situated on a continental plate and the deep ocean. This margin's evolution history was probably influenced by plate tectonic reorganizations. From scaled experiments, we deduced several types of structures (faults, folds, and sedimentary basins) that help us to improve the understanding of the history of the opening of the North Atlantic.
The Barents Shear Margin defines the border between the relatively shallow Barents Sea that is...
Special issue