Articles | Volume 10, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1757-2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1757-2019
Research article
 | 
24 Oct 2019
Research article |  | 24 Oct 2019

Structure of massively dilatant faults in Iceland: lessons learned from high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle data

Christopher Weismüller, Janos L. Urai, Michael Kettermann, Christoph von Hagke, and Klaus Reicherter

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Cited articles

Abe, S., van Gent, H., and Urai, J. L.: DEM simulation of normal faults in cohesive materials, Tectonophysics, 512, 12–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.09.008, 2011. 
Acocella, V., Gudmundsson, A., and Funiciello, R.: Interaction and linkage of extension fractures and normal faults: examples from the rift zone of Iceland, J. Struct. Geol., 22, 1233–1246, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00031-6, 2000. 
Acocella, V., Korme, T., and Salvini, F.: Formation of normal faults along the axial zone of the Ethiopian Rift, J. Struct. Geol., 25, 503–513, 2003. 
Allen, R. M., Nolet, G., Morgan, J., Vogfjörd, K., Nettles, M., Ekström, G., Bergsson, B. H., Erlendsson, P., Foulger, G. R., Jakobsdóttir, S. S., Julian, B. R., Pritchard, M., Ragnarsson, S., and Stefánsson, R.: Plume-driven plumbing and crustal formation in Iceland, J. Geophys. Res., 107, ESE 4-1–ESE 4-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000584, 2002. 
Angelier, J., Bergerat, F., Dauteuil, O., and Villemin, T.: Effective tension-shear relationships in extensional fissure swarms, axial rift zone of northeastern Iceland, J. Struct. Geol., 19, 673–685, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(96)00106-X, 1997. 
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Short summary
We use drones to study surface geometries of massively dilatant faults (MDFs) in Iceland, with apertures up to tens of meters at the surface. Based on throw, aperture and structures, we define three geometrically different endmembers of the surface expression of MDFs and show that they belong to one continuum. The transition between the endmembers is fluent and can change at one fault over short distances, implying less distinct control of deeper structures on surface geometries than expected.