Articles | Volume 7, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-509-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-509-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 Apr 2016
Research article |
| 06 Apr 2016
Post-glacial reactivation of the Bollnäs fault, central Sweden – a multidisciplinary geophysical investigation
Alireza Malehmir
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Uppsala University, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Magnus Andersson
Uppsala University, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Suman Mehta
Uppsala University, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Bojan Brodic
Uppsala University, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Raymond Munier
Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden
Joachim Place
Uppsala University, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Georgiana Maries
Uppsala University, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Colby Smith
Geological Survey of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
Jochen Kamm
Uppsala University, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
now at: University of Münster, Dept. of Geophysics, Münster, Germany
Mehrdad Bastani
Geological Survey of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
Henrik Mikko
Geological Survey of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
Björn Lund
Uppsala University, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Related authors
Michael Westgate, Musa S. D. Manzi, Alireza Malehmir, Ian James, and Christian Schiffer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1844, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1844, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Solid Earth (SE).
Short summary
Short summary
This study makes use of advanced seismic imaging techniques to look beneath the surface of South Africa’s Kheis region. The results reveal hidden faults and folded rocks that help explain how ancient continents collided. The findings challenge older ideas about major geological boundaries and suggest a new model for how the crust formed and evolved. This work shows how old data, when re-analyzed with new methods and integrated with supporting data, can disclose important geological qualities.
Samuel Zappalá, Alireza Malehmir, Haralambos Kranis, George Apostolopoulos, and Myrto Papadopoulou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3783, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3783, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Three seismic profiles were acquired in the Thinia valley, an isthmus connecting the main part of the island to the Paliki peninsula, to improve the subsurface knowledge of the tectonically peculiar Kefalonia island. Here the presence of a possible channel has been largely disputed to make Paliki the Homer’s Ithaca. Results from different analyses further constrain the recent tectonic history of the area and thus, the long-debated presence of an historic water channel in the valley.
Brij Singh, Michał Malinowski, Andrzej Górszczyk, Alireza Malehmir, Stefan Buske, Łukasz Sito, and Paul Marsden
Solid Earth, 13, 1065–1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1065-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1065-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fast depletion of shallower deposits is pushing the mining industry to look for cutting-edge technologies for deep mineral targeting. We demonstrated a joint workflow including two state-of-the-art technologies: full-waveform inversion and reverse time migration. We produced Earth images with significant details which can help with better estimation of areas with high mineralisation, better mine planning and safety measures.
Felix Hloušek, Michal Malinowski, Lena Bräunig, Stefan Buske, Alireza Malehmir, Magdalena Markovic, Lukasz Sito, Paul Marsden, and Emma Bäckström
Solid Earth, 13, 917–934, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Methods for mineral exploration play an important role within the EU. Exploration must be environmentally friendly, cost effective, and feasible in populated areas. Seismic methods have the potential to deliver detailed images of mineral deposits but suffer from these demands. We show the results for a sparse 3D seismic dataset acquired in Sweden. The 3D depth image allows us to track the known mineralizations beyond the known extent and gives new insights into the geometry of the deposit.
Yinshuai Ding and Alireza Malehmir
Solid Earth, 12, 1707–1718, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1707-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1707-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this article, we investigate the potential of reverse time migration (RTM) for deep targeting iron oxide deposits and the possible AVO effect that is potentially seen in the common image gathers from this migration algorithm. The results are promising and help to delineate the deposits and host rock structures using a 2D dataset from the Ludvika mines of central Sweden.
Saeid Cheraghi, Alireza Malehmir, Mostafa Naghizadeh, David Snyder, Lucie Mathieu, and Pierre Bedeaux
Solid Earth, 12, 1143–1164, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1143-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1143-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution seismic profiles in 2D are acquired in the north and south of the Chibougamau area, Quebec, Canada located in the northeast of the Abitibi Greenstone belt. The area mostly includes volcanic rocks, and both profiles cross over several fault zones. The seismic method is acquired to image the subsurface down to depth of 12 km. The main aim of this study is to image major fault zones and the geological formations connected to those faults to investigate metal endowment in the area.
Alireza Malehmir, Magdalena Markovic, Paul Marsden, Alba Gil, Stefan Buske, Lukasz Sito, Emma Bäckström, Martiya Sadeghi, and Stefan Luth
Solid Earth, 12, 483–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-483-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-483-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A smooth transition toward decarbonization demands access to more minerals of critical importance. Europe has a good geology for many of these mineral deposits, but at a depth requiring sensitive, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective methods for their exploration. In this context, we present a sparse 3D seismic dataset that allowed identification of potential iron oxide resources at depth and helped to characterise key geological structures and a historical tailing in central Sweden.
Silvia Salas-Romero, Alireza Malehmir, Ian Snowball, and Benoît Dessirier
Solid Earth, 10, 1685–1705, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1685-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1685-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Land–river reflection seismic, hydrogeological modelling, and magnetic investigations in an area prone to quick-clay landslides in SW Sweden provide a detailed description of the subsurface structures, such as undulating fractured bedrock, a sedimentary sequence of intercalating leached and unleached clay, and coarse-grained deposits. Hydrological properties of the coarse-grained layer help us understand its role in the leaching process that leads to the formation of quick clays in the area.
Alireza Malehmir, Bo Bergman, Benjamin Andersson, Robert Sturk, and Mattis Johansson
Solid Earth, 9, 1469–1485, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1469-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1469-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Interest and demand for green-type energy usage and storage are growing worldwide. Among several, thermal energy storage that stores energy (excess heat or cold) in fluids is particularly interesting. For an upscaling purpose, three seismic profiles were acquired within the Tornquist suture zone in the southwest of Sweden and historical crustal-scale offshore BABEL lines revisited. A number of dykes have been imaged and implications for the storage and tectonic setting within the zone discussed.
Magnus Andersson and Alireza Malehmir
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2017-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2017-3, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Magmatic rocks in the Alnö alkaline and carbonatite complex of central Sweden are unique and likely to be found only in a few places in the world. In this study, plausible 3D geometry of the intrusion based on 3D modelling of gravity and magnetic data constrained by petrophysical measurements is given. We support that the intrusion may extend down to about 3–4 km depth but also suggest that it may have some lateral continuation, as a major volcanic centre, in the bay off from the Alnö Island.
J. Alcalde, D. Martí, C. Juhlin, A. Malehmir, D. Sopher, E. Saura, I. Marzán, P. Ayarza, A. Calahorrano, A. Pérez-Estaún, and R. Carbonell
Solid Earth, 4, 481–496, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-481-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-481-2013, 2013
Michael Westgate, Musa S. D. Manzi, Alireza Malehmir, Ian James, and Christian Schiffer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1844, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1844, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Solid Earth (SE).
Short summary
Short summary
This study makes use of advanced seismic imaging techniques to look beneath the surface of South Africa’s Kheis region. The results reveal hidden faults and folded rocks that help explain how ancient continents collided. The findings challenge older ideas about major geological boundaries and suggest a new model for how the crust formed and evolved. This work shows how old data, when re-analyzed with new methods and integrated with supporting data, can disclose important geological qualities.
Samuel Zappalá, Alireza Malehmir, Haralambos Kranis, George Apostolopoulos, and Myrto Papadopoulou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3783, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3783, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Three seismic profiles were acquired in the Thinia valley, an isthmus connecting the main part of the island to the Paliki peninsula, to improve the subsurface knowledge of the tectonically peculiar Kefalonia island. Here the presence of a possible channel has been largely disputed to make Paliki the Homer’s Ithaca. Results from different analyses further constrain the recent tectonic history of the area and thus, the long-debated presence of an historic water channel in the valley.
Niranjan Joshi, Björn Lund, and Roland Roberts
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4199–4223, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Few large earthquakes and low occurrence rates make seismic hazard assessment of Sweden a challenging task. Recent expansion of the seismic network has improved the quality and quantity of the data recorded. We use these new data to estimate the Swedish seismic hazard using probabilistic methods to find that hazard was previously underestimated in the north. The north has the highest hazard in Sweden, with estimated mean peak ground acceleration of up to 0.06 g for a 475-year return period.
Brij Singh, Michał Malinowski, Andrzej Górszczyk, Alireza Malehmir, Stefan Buske, Łukasz Sito, and Paul Marsden
Solid Earth, 13, 1065–1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1065-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1065-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fast depletion of shallower deposits is pushing the mining industry to look for cutting-edge technologies for deep mineral targeting. We demonstrated a joint workflow including two state-of-the-art technologies: full-waveform inversion and reverse time migration. We produced Earth images with significant details which can help with better estimation of areas with high mineralisation, better mine planning and safety measures.
Felix Hloušek, Michal Malinowski, Lena Bräunig, Stefan Buske, Alireza Malehmir, Magdalena Markovic, Lukasz Sito, Paul Marsden, and Emma Bäckström
Solid Earth, 13, 917–934, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Methods for mineral exploration play an important role within the EU. Exploration must be environmentally friendly, cost effective, and feasible in populated areas. Seismic methods have the potential to deliver detailed images of mineral deposits but suffer from these demands. We show the results for a sparse 3D seismic dataset acquired in Sweden. The 3D depth image allows us to track the known mineralizations beyond the known extent and gives new insights into the geometry of the deposit.
Yinshuai Ding and Alireza Malehmir
Solid Earth, 12, 1707–1718, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1707-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1707-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this article, we investigate the potential of reverse time migration (RTM) for deep targeting iron oxide deposits and the possible AVO effect that is potentially seen in the common image gathers from this migration algorithm. The results are promising and help to delineate the deposits and host rock structures using a 2D dataset from the Ludvika mines of central Sweden.
Saeid Cheraghi, Alireza Malehmir, Mostafa Naghizadeh, David Snyder, Lucie Mathieu, and Pierre Bedeaux
Solid Earth, 12, 1143–1164, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1143-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1143-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution seismic profiles in 2D are acquired in the north and south of the Chibougamau area, Quebec, Canada located in the northeast of the Abitibi Greenstone belt. The area mostly includes volcanic rocks, and both profiles cross over several fault zones. The seismic method is acquired to image the subsurface down to depth of 12 km. The main aim of this study is to image major fault zones and the geological formations connected to those faults to investigate metal endowment in the area.
Alireza Malehmir, Magdalena Markovic, Paul Marsden, Alba Gil, Stefan Buske, Lukasz Sito, Emma Bäckström, Martiya Sadeghi, and Stefan Luth
Solid Earth, 12, 483–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-483-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-483-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A smooth transition toward decarbonization demands access to more minerals of critical importance. Europe has a good geology for many of these mineral deposits, but at a depth requiring sensitive, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective methods for their exploration. In this context, we present a sparse 3D seismic dataset that allowed identification of potential iron oxide resources at depth and helped to characterise key geological structures and a historical tailing in central Sweden.
Silvia Salas-Romero, Alireza Malehmir, Ian Snowball, and Benoît Dessirier
Solid Earth, 10, 1685–1705, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1685-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1685-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Land–river reflection seismic, hydrogeological modelling, and magnetic investigations in an area prone to quick-clay landslides in SW Sweden provide a detailed description of the subsurface structures, such as undulating fractured bedrock, a sedimentary sequence of intercalating leached and unleached clay, and coarse-grained deposits. Hydrological properties of the coarse-grained layer help us understand its role in the leaching process that leads to the formation of quick clays in the area.
Alireza Malehmir, Bo Bergman, Benjamin Andersson, Robert Sturk, and Mattis Johansson
Solid Earth, 9, 1469–1485, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1469-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1469-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Interest and demand for green-type energy usage and storage are growing worldwide. Among several, thermal energy storage that stores energy (excess heat or cold) in fluids is particularly interesting. For an upscaling purpose, three seismic profiles were acquired within the Tornquist suture zone in the southwest of Sweden and historical crustal-scale offshore BABEL lines revisited. A number of dykes have been imaged and implications for the storage and tectonic setting within the zone discussed.
Magnus Andersson and Alireza Malehmir
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2017-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2017-3, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Magmatic rocks in the Alnö alkaline and carbonatite complex of central Sweden are unique and likely to be found only in a few places in the world. In this study, plausible 3D geometry of the intrusion based on 3D modelling of gravity and magnetic data constrained by petrophysical measurements is given. We support that the intrusion may extend down to about 3–4 km depth but also suggest that it may have some lateral continuation, as a major volcanic centre, in the bay off from the Alnö Island.
O. Ahmadi, C. Juhlin, M. Ask, and B. Lund
Solid Earth, 6, 621–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-621-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-621-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Pärvie fault system extends up to 155km, and its scarps have offsets of tens of meters at the surface in northern Sweden. These fault scarps are inferred to have formed during earthquakes with magnitudes up to 8 at the time of the last deglaciation. In this study, we have mapped the fault system to deeper levels, by a new 22km long 2-D seismic reflection profile. Based on the present and previous seismic data, locations for future boreholes for drilling into the fault system are proposed.
P. Schmidt, B. Lund, J-O. Näslund, and J. Fastook
Solid Earth, 5, 371–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-371-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-371-2014, 2014
J. Alcalde, D. Martí, C. Juhlin, A. Malehmir, D. Sopher, E. Saura, I. Marzán, P. Ayarza, A. Calahorrano, A. Pérez-Estaún, and R. Carbonell
Solid Earth, 4, 481–496, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-481-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-481-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Seismology
Quaternary surface ruptures of the inherited mature Yangsan Fault: implications for intraplate earthquakes in southeastern Korea
Seismic noise characterisation for the Buddusò – Ala dei Sardi wind park (Sardinia, Italy) and its impact on the Einstein Telescope candidate site
Earthquakes triggered by the subsurface undrained response to reservoir impoundment at Irapé, Brazil
Accretionary prism deformation and fluid migration caused by slow earthquakes in the Nankai subduction zone
The 3D Qp Model of the China Seismic Experiment Site (CSES-Q1.0) and Its Tectonic Implications
Coda-derived source properties estimated using local earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara, Türkiye
Investigation of Seismic Anisotropy in the Undisturbed Rotondo Granite
Extraction of pre-earthquake anomalies from borehole strain data using Graph WaveNet: a case study of the 2013 Lushan earthquake in China
Highlights on mantle deformation beneath the Western Alps with seismic anisotropy using CIFALPS2 data
Frequency-dependent shear wave attenuation across the Central Anatolia region, Türkiye
Thermal structure of the southern Caribbean and northwestern South America: implications for seismogenesis
Linked and fully coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland
Global seismic energy scaling relationships based on the type of faulting
Earthquake monitoring using deep learning with a case study of the Kahramanmaras Turkey earthquake aftershock sequence
Reference seismic crustal model of the Dinarides
The 2022 MW 6.0 Gölyaka–Düzce earthquake: an example of a medium-sized earthquake in a fault zone early in its seismic cycle
Offshore seismicity clusters in the West Iberian Margin illustrated by 2 decades of events
A new seismicity catalogue of the eastern Alps using the temporary Swath-D network
The impact of seismic noise produced by wind turbines on seismic borehole measurements
A borehole trajectory inversion scheme to adjust the measurement geometry for 3D travel-time tomography on glaciers
Probing environmental and tectonic changes underneath Mexico City with the urban seismic field
Quantifying gender gaps in seismology authorship
Mapping the basement of the Cerdanya Basin (eastern Pyrenees) using seismic ambient noise
Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) noise reduction from horizontal and vertical components using harmonic–percussive separation algorithms
Towards real-time seismic monitoring of a geothermal plant using Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Constraints on fracture distribution in the Los Humeros geothermal field from beamforming of ambient seismic noise
Upper-lithospheric structure of northeastern Venezuela from joint inversion of surface-wave dispersion and receiver functions
A study on the effect of input data length on a deep-learning-based magnitude classifier
Multi-array analysis of volcano-seismic signals at Fogo and Brava, Cape Verde
Reflection imaging of complex geology in a crystalline environment using virtual-source seismology: case study from the Kylylahti polymetallic mine, Finland
Radial anisotropy and S-wave velocity depict the internal to external zone transition within the Variscan orogen (NW Iberia)
The damaging character of shallow 20th century earthquakes in the Hainaut coal area (Belgium)
Distributed acoustic sensing as a tool for subsurface mapping and seismic event monitoring: a proof of concept
Seismic monitoring of the STIMTEC hydraulic stimulation experiment in anisotropic metamorphic gneiss
Two subduction-related heterogeneities beneath the Eastern Alps and the Bohemian Massif imaged by high-resolution P-wave tomography
One-dimensional velocity structure modeling of the Earth's crust in the northwestern Dinarides
A functional tool to explore the reliability of micro-earthquake focal mechanism solutions for seismotectonic purposes
Changepoint detection in seismic double-difference data: application of a trans-dimensional algorithm to data-space exploration
Imaging structure and geometry of slabs in the greater Alpine area – a P-wave travel-time tomography using AlpArray Seismic Network data
3D crustal structure of the Ligurian Basin revealed by surface wave tomography using ocean bottom seismometer data
Basin inversion: reactivated rift structures in the central Ligurian Sea revealed using ocean bottom seismometers
Moho and uppermost mantle structure in the Alpine area from S-to-P converted waves
The effect of 2020 COVID-19 lockdown measures on seismic noise recorded in Romania
Elastic anisotropies of deformed upper crustal rocks in the Alps
COVID-19 lockdown effects on the seismic recordings in Central America
A revised image of the instrumental seismicity in the Lodi area (Po Plain, Italy)
Seismic radiation from wind turbines: observations and analytical modeling of frequency-dependent amplitude decays
Accelerating Bayesian microseismic event location with deep learning
Present-day geodynamics of the Western Alps: new insights from earthquake mechanisms
Teleseismic P waves at the AlpArray seismic network: wave fronts, absolute travel times and travel-time residuals
Sangmin Ha, Hee-Cheol Kang, Seongjun Lee, Yeong Bae Seong, Jeong-Heon Choi, Seok-Jin Kim, and Moon Son
Solid Earth, 16, 197–231, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-197-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-197-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Unlike episodic plate boundary earthquakes, their randomness makes predicting intraplate earthquakes challenging. This study aids in understanding intraplate earthquake behavior by analyzing paleo-earthquake records of the Yangsan Fault in Korea. Five trench sites revealed six Quaternary earthquakes, the latest 3000 years ago, with Mw 6.7–7.1. The right-lateral fault has a 0.13 mm yr-1 slip rate and a recurrence interval of over 13000 years; it has been continuously active since the Quaternary.
Giovanni Diaferia, Carlo Giunchi, Marco Olivieri, Irene Molinari, Fabio Di Felice, Andrea Contu, Domenico D'Urso, Luca Naticchioni, Davide Rozza, Jan Harms, Alessandro Cardini, Rosario De Rosa, Matteo Di Giovanni, Valentina Mangano, Fulvio Ricci, Lucia Trozzo, and Carlo Murineddu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3600, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3600, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wind turbines produce strong seismic noise that can disturb nearby sensitive instruments, like seismic sensors. We examines the noise from one of Italy's largest wind farms, near the proposed site for the Einstein Telescope, a future gravitational wave observatory. We find that the turbines generate noticeable noise peaks, detectable up to 13 km. Despite the excellent noise suppression at borehole sensors, small noise disturbances are detectable when the wind park operates at full capacity.
Haris Raza, George Sand França, Eveline Sayão, and Victor Vilarrasa
Solid Earth, 15, 1407–1417, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1407-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1407-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydropower dams associated with a large reservoir, a key renewable, face challenges like reservoir-triggered seismicity (RTS). Here, rock samples show 6.3 %–14.7 % porosity and a maximum permeability of 0.0098 mD. A 136 m reservoir rise causes a 0.61 MPa pore pressure increase. Vertical stress rises by 0.75 MPa, and horizontal stress falls by 0.48 MPa, which leads to fault destabilization, causing RTS. These facts urge the adoption of sustainable energy strategies and future dam development.
Takashi Tonegawa, Takeshi Akuhara, Yusuke Yamashita, Hiroko Sugioka, Masanao Shinohara, Shunsuke Takemura, and Takeshi Tsuji
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3405, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3405, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrates that for slow earthquakes in the shallow Nankai subduction zone, (1) the velocity reductions in the accretionary prism reflect the stress field changes due to the slow earthquakes, and (2) the temporal variations in the heterogeneous structure correspond to upward fluid migrations from the source region of the slow earthquakes.
Mengqiao Duan, Lianqing Zhou, Ying Fu, Yanru An, Jingqiong Yang, and Xiaodong Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3340, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3340, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Local seismic tomography yields the highest-resolution 3D Qp model in CSES. Low Qp anomalies along faults and basins indicate high medium fragmentation, thick sediments, or fluid richness. Tengchong volcano's westward dipping high attenuation suggests magma flow. Most M6+ earthquakes occur in low attenuation zones or anomaly boundaries. The 2008 Wenchuan MS 8.0 and 2013 Lushan MS 7.0 epicenters were separated by a low attenuation area, indicating future major earthquake risks.
Berkan Özkan, Tuna Eken, Peter Gaebler, and Tuncay Taymaz
Solid Earth, 15, 1303–1317, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1303-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1303-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study estimates source properties by analyzing seismic data of 303 earthquakes (2018–2020) in the Marmara Region, Turkey, and finds a strong correlation between moment-derived coda magnitude (Mw-coda) and moment magnitude (ML). Moreover, the scaled energy increases with seismic moment estimates and shows non-self-similar scaling in earthquake sources.
Kathrin Behnen, Marian Hertrich, Hansruedi Maurer, Alexis Shakas, Kai Bröker, Claire Epiney, María Blanch Jover, and Domenico Giardini
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1919, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1919, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Several crosshole seismic surveys in the undisturbed Rotondo granite are used to analyze the seismic anisotropy in the BedrettoLab in the Swiss alps. The P- and S1-waves show a clear trend of faster velocities in NE-SW direction and slower velocities perpendicular to it. This pattern describes a tilted transverse isotropic velocity model. The symmetry plane is mostly aligned with the direction of maximum stress but also the orientation of fractures are expected to influence the wave velocities.
Chenyang Li, Yu Duan, Ying Han, Zining Yu, Chengquan Chi, and Dewang Zhang
Solid Earth, 15, 877–893, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-877-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-877-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study advances the field of earthquake prediction by introducing an extraction method for pre-seismic anomalies based on the structure of Graph WaveNet networks. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature as it not only demonstrates the effectiveness of this innovative approach in integrating borehole strain data from multiple stations but also reveals distinct temporal and spatial correlations preceding earthquake events.
Silvia Pondrelli, Simone Salimbeni, Judith M. Confal, Marco G. Malusà, Anne Paul, Stephane Guillot, Stefano Solarino, Elena Eva, Coralie Aubert, and Liang Zhao
Solid Earth, 15, 827–835, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-827-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-827-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse and interpret seismic anisotropy from CIFALPS2 data that fill the gaps in the Western Alps and support a new hypothesis. Instead of a continuous mantle flow parallel to the belt, here we find a N–S mantle deformation pattern that merges first with a mantle deformed by slab steepening beneath the Central Alps and then merges with an asthenospheric flow sourced beneath the Massif Central. This new sketch supports the extinction of slab retreat beneath the Western Alps.
Gizem Izgi, Tuna Eken, Peter Gaebler, Tülay Kaya-Eken, and Tuncay Taymaz
Solid Earth, 15, 657–669, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-657-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-657-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this manuscript, we investigate the complexity of the upper-crustal block of the Central Anatolia region, Türkiye. We present the results of seismic attenuation by examining 1509 local earthquakes recorded at 72 broadband stations and deployed within the framework of a passive seismic experiment. We emphasize the detailed 2D maps of intrinsic and scattering attenuation within the area where two devastating earthquakes (M1 7.8 and M1 7.5 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence) happened in 2023.
Ángela María Gómez-García, Álvaro González, Mauro Cacace, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, and Gaspar Monsalve
Solid Earth, 15, 281–303, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We compute a realistic three-dimensional model of the temperatures down to 75 km deep within the Earth, below the Caribbean Sea and northwestern South America. Using this, we estimate at which rock temperatures past earthquakes nucleated in the region and find that they agree with those derived from laboratory experiments of rock friction. We also analyse how the thermal state of the system affects the spatial distribution of seismicity in this region.
Fabian Kutschera, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Sara Aniko Wirp, Bo Li, Thomas Ulrich, Claudia Abril, and Benedikt Halldórsson
Solid Earth, 15, 251–280, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-251-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-251-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a suite of realistic 3D dynamic rupture earthquake–tsunami scenarios for the Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland and compare one-way linked and fully coupled modeling workflows on two fault system geometries. We find that our dynamic rupture simulation on a less segmented strike-slip fault system causes local tsunami wave heights (crest to trough) of up to ~ 0.9 m due to the large shallow fault slip (~ 8 m), rake rotation (± 20°), and coseismic vertical displacements (± 1 m).
Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez and F. Ramón Zúñiga
Solid Earth, 15, 229–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-229-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-229-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The behavior of seismic energy parameters and their possible dependence on the type of fault for globally detected earthquakes were studied. For this purpose, different energy estimation methods were used. Equations were obtained to convert energies obtained in different ways. The dependence of the seismic energy on the focal mechanism was confirmed up to depths close to 180 km. The results will help to explain the seismic rupture of earthquakes generated at greater depth.
Wei Li, Megha Chakraborty, Jonas Köhler, Claudia Quinteros-Cartaya, Georg Rümpker, and Nishtha Srivastava
Solid Earth, 15, 197–213, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic phase picking and magnitude estimation are crucial components of real-time earthquake monitoring and early warning. Here, we test the potential of deep learning in real-time earthquake monitoring. We introduce DynaPicker, which leverages dynamic convolutional neural networks for event detection and arrival-time picking, and use the deep-learning model CREIME for magnitude estimation. This workflow is tested on the continuous recording of the Turkey earthquake aftershock sequences.
Katarina Zailac, Bojan Matoš, Igor Vlahović, and Josip Stipčević
Solid Earth, 14, 1197–1220, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Presently there is no complete crustal model of the Dinarides. Using the compilations of previous studies, we have created vertically and laterally varying crustal models defined on a regular grid for the wider area of the Dinarides, also covering parts of the Adriatic Sea and the SW part of the Pannonian Basin. In addition to the seismic velocities and density, we also defined three interfaces: sedimentary deposit bottom, carbonate rock thickness and crustal thickness.
Patricia Martínez-Garzón, Dirk Becker, Jorge Jara, Xiang Chen, Grzegorz Kwiatek, and Marco Bohnhoff
Solid Earth, 14, 1103–1121, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1103-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1103-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the 2022 MW 6.0 Gölyaka sequence. A high-resolution seismicity catalog revealed no spatiotemporal localization and lack of immediate foreshocks. Aftershock distribution suggests the activation of the Karadere and Düzce faults. The preferential energy propagation suggests that the mainshock propagated eastwards, which is in agreement with predictions from models, where the velocity in the two sides of the fault is different.
Gabriela Fernández-Viejo, Carlos López-Fernández, and Patricia Cadenas
Solid Earth, 14, 1083–1101, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1083-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1083-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The seismic activity of the last 20 years within the West Iberian Margin away from the plate boundaries has been analyzed through the Spanish and Portuguese seismic network public databases. Previously defined as diffuse, the study reveals two distinct clusters in the NW–SE direction. Based on the characteristics of the events, some hypotheses for this activity are put forward and discussed, indicating the need for ocean-bottom seismometer data and high-resolution fault mapping.
Laurens Jan Hofman, Jörn Kummerow, Simone Cesca, and the AlpArray–Swath-D Working Group
Solid Earth, 14, 1053–1066, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1053-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1053-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an earthquake catalogue for the eastern and southern Alps based on data from a local temporary monitoring network. The methods we developed for the detection and localisation focus especially on very small earthquakes. This provides insight into the local geology and tectonics and provides an important base for future research in this part of the Alps.
Fabian Limberger, Georg Rümpker, Michael Lindenfeld, and Hagen Deckert
Solid Earth, 14, 859–869, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-859-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-859-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wind turbines that are located close to a seismometer produce ground tremors that can increase the noise level at the seismic station. Using numerical models, we analyse the effectivity of borehole installations to reduce this impact. We study effects of geophysical parameters on the borehole effectivity and validate our modelling approach with data from real boreholes. Boreholes are effective in reducing the impact of wind turbines; however, this depends on the wavelength of the seismic wave.
Sebastian Hellmann, Melchior Grab, Cedric Patzer, Andreas Bauder, and Hansruedi Maurer
Solid Earth, 14, 805–821, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Acoustic waves are suitable to analyse the physical properties of the subsurface. For this purpose, boreholes are quite useful to deploy a source and receivers in the target area to get a comprehensive high-resolution dataset. However, when conducting such experiments in a subsurface such as glaciers that continuously move, the boreholes get deformed. In our study, we therefore developed a method that allows an analysis of the ice while considering deformations.
Laura A. Ermert, Enrique Cabral-Cano, Estelle Chaussard, Darío Solano-Rojas, Luis Quintanar, Diana Morales Padilla, Enrique A. Fernández-Torres, and Marine A. Denolle
Solid Earth, 14, 529–549, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mexico City is built on a unique ground containing the clay-rich sediments of the ancient lake Texcoco. Continuous imperceptible shaking of these deposits by city traffic and other sources allows us to monitor changes in the subsurface seismic wave speed. Wave speed varies seasonally, likely due to temperature and rain effects; it temporarily drops after large earthquakes then starts to recover. Throughout the studied period, it increased on average, which may be related to soil compaction.
Laura Anna Ermert, Maria Koroni, and Naiara Korta Martiartu
Solid Earth, 14, 485–498, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate women's representation in seismology to raise awareness of existing gender disparities.
By analysing the authorship of peer-reviewed articles, we identify lower representation of women among single authors, high-impact authors, and highly productive authors. Seismology continues to be a male-dominated field, and trends suggest that parity is decades away. These gaps are an obstacle to women’s career advancement and, if neglected, may perpetuate the leaky-pipeline problem.
Jordi Díaz, Sergi Ventosa, Martin Schimmel, Mario Ruiz, Albert Macau, Anna Gabàs, David Martí, Özgenç Akin, and Jaume Vergés
Solid Earth, 14, 499–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the capability of multiple methods based on the interpretation of seismic noise to map the basement of the Cerdanya Basin, located in the eastern Pyrenees. Basement depth estimations retrieved from the different approaches are consistent, with maximum depths reaching 700 m close to the Têt fault bounding the basin to the east. Our results prove that seismic noise analysis using high-density networks is an excellent tool to improve the geological characterization of sedimentary basins.
Zahra Zali, Theresa Rein, Frank Krüger, Matthias Ohrnberger, and Frank Scherbaum
Solid Earth, 14, 181–195, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Investigation of the global Earth's structure benefits from the analysis of ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data that allow an improved seismic illumination of dark spots of crustal and mantle structures in the oceanic regions of the Earth. However, recordings from the ocean bottom are often highly contaminated by noise. We developed an OBS noise reduction algorithm, which removes much of the oceanic noise while preserving the earthquake signal and does not introduce waveform distortion.
Jerome Azzola, Katja Thiemann, and Emmanuel Gaucher
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1417, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1417, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Distributed Acoustic Sensing is applied to the micro-seismic monitoring of a geothermal plant. In this domain, the feasibility of managing the large flow of generated data and their suitability to monitor locally induced seismicity was yet to be assessed. The proposed monitoring system efficiently managed the acquisition, processing and saving of the data over a 6-month period. This testing period proved that the monitoring concept advantageously complements more classical monitoring networks.
Heather Kennedy, Katrin Löer, and Amy Gilligan
Solid Earth, 13, 1843–1858, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1843-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1843-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The energy transition is an important topic for benefiting the future; thus renewable energy is required to reach net-zero carbon emission goals. Geothermal energy, heat from the ground, can be used in this transition. Therefore, geothermal fields need to be characterized as much as possible to allow for increased productivity within these fields. This study involves and looks at potential fractures within a geothermal field at depth to help increase the overall understanding of this field.
Roberto Cabieces, Mariano S. Arnaiz-Rodríguez, Antonio Villaseñor, Elizabeth Berg, Andrés Olivar-Castaño, Sergi Ventosa, and Ana M. G. Ferreira
Solid Earth, 13, 1781–1801, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1781-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1781-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new 3D shear-wave velocity model of the lithosphere of northeastern Venezuela, including new Moho and Vp / Vs maps. Data were retrieved from land and broadband ocean bottom seismometers from the BOLIVAR experiment.
Megha Chakraborty, Wei Li, Johannes Faber, Georg Rümpker, Horst Stoecker, and Nishtha Srivastava
Solid Earth, 13, 1721–1729, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake magnitude is a crucial parameter in defining its damage potential, and hence its speedy determination is essential to issue an early warning in regions close to the epicentre. This study summarises our findings in an attempt to apply deep-learning-based classifiers to earthquake waveforms, particularly with respect to finding an optimum length of input data. We conclude that the input length has no significant effect on the model accuracy, which varies between 90 %–94 %.
Carola Leva, Georg Rümpker, and Ingo Wölbern
Solid Earth, 13, 1243–1258, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1243-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1243-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The seismicity of Fogo and Brava, Cape Verde, is dominated by volcano-tectonic earthquakes in the area of Brava and volcanic seismic signals, such as hybrid events, on Fogo. We locate these events using a multi-array analysis, which allows the localization of seismic events occurring outside the network and of volcanic signals lacking clear phases. We observe exceptionally high apparent velocities for the hybrid events located on Fogo. These velocities are likely caused by a complex ray path.
Michal Chamarczuk, Michal Malinowski, Deyan Draganov, Emilia Koivisto, Suvi Heinonen, and Sanna Rötsä
Solid Earth, 13, 705–723, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In passive seismic measurement, all noise sources from the environment, such as traffic, vibrations caused by distant excavation, and explosive work from underground mines, are utilized. In the Kylylahti experiment, receivers recorded ambient noise sources for 30 d. These recordings were subjected to data analysis and processing using novel methodology developed in our study and used for imaging the subsurface geology of the Kylylahti mine area.
Jorge Acevedo, Gabriela Fernández-Viejo, Sergio Llana-Fúnez, Carlos López-Fernández, Javier Olona, and Diego Pérez-Millán
Solid Earth, 13, 659–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The NW Iberian Peninsula provides one of the most complete Variscan sections in Europe, showing the transition between a sedimentary domain with folds and thrust and a metamorphic domain with igneous intrusions. By processing the seismic ambient noise recorded by several seismograph networks in this area, new 3-D S-wave velocity and radial anisotropy models were created. These models reveal the limit between the two domains, delineating the core of the large western European Variscan Belt.
Thierry Camelbeeck, Koen Van Noten, Thomas Lecocq, and Marc Hendrickx
Solid Earth, 13, 469–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Over the 20th century, shallow damaging seismicity occurred in and near the Hainaut coal mining area in Belgium. We provide an overview of earthquake parameters and impacts, combining felt and damage testimonies and instrumental measurements. Shallower earthquakes have a depth and timing compatible with mining activity. The most damaging events occurred deeper than the mines but could still have been triggered by mining-caused crustal changes. Our modelling can be applied to other regions.
Nicola Piana Agostinetti, Alberto Villa, and Gilberto Saccorotti
Solid Earth, 13, 449–468, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sensing the Earth is a fundamental operation for the future where georesources, like geothermal energy and CO2 underground storage, will become important tools for addressing societal challenges. The development of networks of optical fibre cables gives the possibility of a sensing grid with an unprecedented spatial coverage. Here, we investigate the potential of using portions of a optical fibre cable as a standard seismometer for exploring the subsurface and monitoring georesources.
Carolin M. Boese, Grzegorz Kwiatek, Thomas Fischer, Katrin Plenkers, Juliane Starke, Felix Blümle, Christoph Janssen, and Georg Dresen
Solid Earth, 13, 323–346, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-323-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-323-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydraulic stimulation experiments in underground facilities allow for placing monitoring equipment close to and surrounding the stimulated rock under realistic and complex conditions at depth. We evaluate how accurately the direction-dependent velocity must be known for high-resolution seismic monitoring during stimulation. Induced transient deformation in rocks only 2.5–5 m apart may differ significantly in magnitude and style, and monitoring requires sensitive sensors adapted to the frequency.
Jaroslava Plomerová, Helena Žlebčíková, György Hetényi, Luděk Vecsey, Vladislav Babuška, and AlpArray-EASI and AlpArray working
groups
Solid Earth, 13, 251–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present high-resolution tomography images of upper mantle structure beneath the E Alps and the adjacent Bohemian Massif. The northward-dipping lithosphere, imaged down to ∼200 km beneath the E Alps without signs of delamination, is probably formed by a mixture of a fragment of detached European plate and the Adriatic plate subductions. A detached high-velocity anomaly, sub-parallel to and distinct from the E Alps heterogeneity, is imaged at ∼100–200 km beneath the southern part of the BM.
Gregor Rajh, Josip Stipčević, Mladen Živčić, Marijan Herak, Andrej Gosar, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 13, 177–203, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-177-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-177-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the 1-D velocity structure of the Earth's crust in the NW Dinarides with inversion of arrival times from earthquakes. The obtained velocity models give a better insight into the crustal structure and show velocity variations among different parts of the study area. In addition to general structural implications and a potential for improving further work, the results of our study can also be used for routine earthquake location and for detecting errors in seismological bulletins.
Guido Maria Adinolfi, Raffaella De Matteis, Rita de Nardis, and Aldo Zollo
Solid Earth, 13, 65–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-65-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-65-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a methodology useful to evaluate (1) the reliability of a focal mechanism solution inferred by the inversion of seismological data and (2) the performance of a seismic network, operated to monitor natural or induced seismicity, to assess focal mechanism solutions. As a test case, we studied the focal mechanism reliability by using synthetic data computed for ISNet, a local seismic network monitoring the Irpinia fault system (southern Italy).
Nicola Piana Agostinetti and Giulia Sgattoni
Solid Earth, 12, 2717–2733, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2717-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2717-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
One of the present-day challenges for geoscientists is tackling the big data revolution. An ever-growing amount of data needs to be processed and data are subjectively handled before using them to make inferences on the Earth’s interior. But imposing subjective decisions on the data might have strong influences on the final outputs. Here we present a totally novel and automatic application for screening the data and for defining data volumes that are consistent with physical hypotheses.
Marcel Paffrath, Wolfgang Friederich, Stefan M. Schmid, Mark R. Handy, and the AlpArray and AlpArray-Swath D Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2671–2702, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2671-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2671-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Alpine mountain belt was formed by the collision of the Eurasian and African plates in the geological past, during which parts of the colliding plates sank into the earth's mantle. Using seismological data from distant earthquakes recorded by the AlpArray Seismic Network, we have derived an image of the current location of these subducted parts in the earth's mantle. Their quantity and spatial distribution is key information needed to understand how the Alpine orogen was formed.
Felix N. Wolf, Dietrich Lange, Anke Dannowski, Martin Thorwart, Wayne Crawford, Lars Wiesenberg, Ingo Grevemeyer, Heidrun Kopp, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2597–2613, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2597-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2597-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Ligurian Sea opened ~30–15 Ma during SE migration of the Calabrian subduction zone. Using ambient seismic noise from stations on land and at the ocean bottom, we calculated a 3D shear-velocity model of the Ligurian Basin. In keeping with existing 2D studies, we find a shallow crust–mantle transition at the SW basin centre that deepens towards the northeast, Corsica, and the Liguro-Provençal coast. We observe a separation of SW and NE basins. We do not observe high crustal vP/vS ratios.
Martin Thorwart, Anke Dannowski, Ingo Grevemeyer, Dietrich Lange, Heidrun Kopp, Florian Petersen, Wayne C. Crawford, Anne Paul, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2553–2571, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2553-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2553-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse broadband ocean bottom seismometer data of the AlpArray OBS network in the Ligurian Basin. Two earthquake clusters with thrust faulting focal mechanisms indicate compression of the rift basin. The locations of seismicity suggest reactivation of pre-existing rift structures and strengthening of crust and uppermost mantle during rifting-related extension. Slightly different striking directions of faults may mimic the anti-clockwise rotation of the Corsica–Sardinia block.
Rainer Kind, Stefan M. Schmid, Xiaohui Yuan, Benjamin Heit, Thomas Meier, and the AlpArray and AlpArray-SWATH-D Working Groups
Solid Earth, 12, 2503–2521, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2503-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2503-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A large amount of new seismic data from the greater Alpine area have been obtained within the AlpArray and SWATH-D projects. S-to-P converted seismic phases from the Moho and from the mantle lithosphere have been processed with a newly developed method. Examples of new observations are a rapid change in Moho depth at 13° E below the Tauern Window from 60 km in the west to 40 km in the east and a second Moho trough along the boundary of the Bohemian Massif towards the Western Carpathians.
Bogdan Grecu, Felix Borleanu, Alexandru Tiganescu, Natalia Poiata, Raluca Dinescu, and Dragos Tataru
Solid Earth, 12, 2351–2368, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The lockdown imposed in Romania to prevent the spread of COVID-19 has significantly impacted human activity across the country. By analyzing the ground vibrations recorded at seismic stations, we were able to monitor the changes in human activity before and during the lockdown.
The reduced human activity during the lockdown has also provided a good opportunity for stations sited in noisy urban areas to record earthquake signals that would not have been recorded under normal conditions.
Ruth Keppler, Roman Vasin, Michael Stipp, Tomás Lokajícek, Matej Petruzálek, and Nikolaus Froitzheim
Solid Earth, 12, 2303–2326, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2303-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2303-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rocks in mountain belts have been deformed during continental collision causing a certain alignment of the minerals referred to as crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO). Minerals have anisotropic properties: the velocity of seismic waves travelling through them is direction dependent. This leads to anisotropy of the rocks. We measured the CPO of common rocks within the Alps. With this data and known anisotropic properties of the minerals we calculated the seismic anisotropy of the rocks.
Mario Arroyo-Solórzano, Diego Castro-Rojas, Frédérick Massin, Lepolt Linkimer, Ivonne Arroyo, and Robin Yani
Solid Earth, 12, 2127–2144, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first seismic noise variation levels during COVID-19 in Central America using 10 seismometers. We study the impact of the seismic noise reduction on the detectability of earthquakes and on the felt reports. Our results show maximum values (~50 % decrease) at seismic stations near airports and densely inhabited cities. The decrease in seismic noise improved earthquake locations and reports. Seismic noise could also be useful to verify compliance with lockdown measures.
Laura Peruzza, Alessandra Schibuola, Maria Adelaide Romano, Marco Garbin, Mariangela Guidarelli, Denis Sandron, and Enrico Priolo
Solid Earth, 12, 2021–2039, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2021-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2021-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In weakly seismic or poorly monitored areas, the uncritical use of earthquake catalogues can be misleading. This is the case for a central sector in the Po Valley, where the Northern Apennines and Southern Alps collide. We collect and reprocess the available instrumental data of about 300 earthquakes from 1951 to 2019. The seismicity is weak, deeper than expected, and far from some existing human activities carried out underground. The potential tectonic causative sources are still unknown.
Fabian Limberger, Michael Lindenfeld, Hagen Deckert, and Georg Rümpker
Solid Earth, 12, 1851–1864, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1851-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1851-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Frequency-dependent amplitude decays of seismic signals induced by wind turbines are determined from (up to) 6 months of continuous recordings measured along an 8 km profile located at a wind farm in Bavaria, Germany. The radiation pattern and amplitude decay of the induced signals are accounted for by an analytical approach that includes path and source effects. This approach is generalized to predict the characteristic seismic radiation patterns of arbitrary wind farm configurations.
Alessio Spurio Mancini, Davide Piras, Ana Margarida Godinho Ferreira, Michael Paul Hobson, and Benjamin Joachimi
Solid Earth, 12, 1683–1705, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1683-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1683-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The localization of an earthquake is affected by many uncertainties. To correctly propagate these uncertainties into an estimate of the earthquake coordinates and their associated errors, many simulations of seismic waves are needed. This operation is computationally very intensive, hindering the feasibility of this approach. In this paper, we present a series of deep-learning methods to produce accurate seismic traces in a fraction of the time needed with standard methods.
Marguerite Mathey, Christian Sue, Colin Pagani, Stéphane Baize, Andrea Walpersdorf, Thomas Bodin, Laurent Husson, Estelle Hannouz, and Bertrand Potin
Solid Earth, 12, 1661–1681, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1661-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1661-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work features the highest-resolution seismic stress and strain fields available at the present time for the analysis of the active crustal deformation of the Western Alps. In this paper, we address a large dataset of newly computed focal mechanisms from a statistical standpoint, which allows us to suggest a joint control from far-field forces and from buoyancy forces on the present-day deformation of the Western Alps.
Marcel Paffrath, Wolfgang Friederich, and the AlpArray and AlpArray-SWATH D Working Groups
Solid Earth, 12, 1635–1660, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using the AlpArray seismic network, we have determined highly accurate travel times of P waves from over 370 major global earthquakes between 2015 and 2019, which shall be used for a tomography of the mantle beneath the greater Alpine region.
Comparing with theoretical travel times of a standard reference earth model, we receive very stable patterns of travel-time differences across the network which provide evidence of varying subduction behaviour along the strike of the Alpine orogen.
Cited articles
Ahmadi, O., Juhlin, C., Ask, M., and Lund, B.: Revealing the deeper structure of the end-glacial Pärvie fault system in northern Sweden by seismic reflection profiling, Solid Earth, 6, 621–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-621-2015, 2015.
Albrecht, L. and Kübler, L.: Bedrock Map 15G Bollnäs, scale 1 : 250 000, Geological Survey of Sweden, K312, 2011.
Arvidsson, R.: Fennoscandian earthquakes: whole crustal rupturing related to postglacial rebound, Science, 274, 744–746, 1996.
Bastani, M.: EnviroMT- A New Controlled Source/Radio Magnetotelluric System, PhD thesis, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 32, 2001.
Bastani, M., Malehmir, A., Ismail, N., Pedersen, L. B., and Hedjazi, F.: Delineating hydrothermal stockwork copper deposits using controlled-source and radio-magnetotelluric methods: A case study from northeast Iran, Geophysics, 74, B167–B181, 2009.
Bastani, M., Savvaidis, A, Pedersen, L. B., and Kalscheuer, T.: CSRMT measurements in the frequency range of 1–250 kHz to map a normal fault in the Volvi basin, Greece, J. Appl. Geophys., 75, 180–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.07.001, 2011.
Bastani, M., Hübert J., Kalscheuer T., Pedersen L. B., Godio A., and Bernard J.: 2-D joint inversion of RMT and ERT data vs. individual 3-D inversion of full tensor RMT data: An example from Trecate site in Italy, Geophysics, 77, WB233–WB243, https://doi.org/10.1190/GEO2011-0525.1, 2012.
Bastani, M., Persson, L., Mehta, S., and Malehmir, A.: Boat-towed radio-magnetotellurics (RMT) – A new technique and case study from the city of Stockholm, Geophysics, 80, B193–B202, 2015.
Benz, H. M., Chouet, B. A., Dawson P. B., Lahr, J. C., Page, R. A., and Hole, J. A.: Three dimensional P- and S-wave velocity structure of Re- doubt volcano, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8111–8128, 1996.
Björck, S.: A review of the history of the Baltic Sea, 13.0–8.0 ka BP, Quaternary Int., 27, 19–40, 1995.
Bödvarsson, R. and Lund, B.: The SIL seismological data acquisition system -as operated in Iceland and in Sweden, in: Methods and applications of signal processing in seismic network operations, edited by: Takanami, T. and Kitagawa, G., Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 98, Springer, Berlin, 2003.
Bradford, J. H.: Integrated hydrostratigraphic interpretation of 3-D seismic-reflection and multifold pseudo-3-D GPR data, in: Advances in Near-surface Seismology and Ground-penetrating Radar, edited by: Miller, R. D., Bradford, J. H., and Holliger, K., Geophysical Developments Series, SEG, Tusla, USA, 15, 313–326, 2010.
Brandes, C., Winsemann, J., Roskosch, J., Meinsen, J., Tanner, D.C., Frechen, M., Steffen, H., and Wu, P.: Activity of the Osning thrust during the late Weichselian: Ice-sheet and lithosphere interactions, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 38, 49–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.021, 2012.
Brandes, C., Steffen, H., Steffen, R., and Wu, P.: Intraplate seismicity in northern Central Europe is induced by the last glaciation, Geology, 43, 611–614, 2015.
Brodic, B., Malehmir, A., Juhlin, C., Dynesius, L., Bastani, M., and Palm, H.: Multicomponent broadband digital-based seismic landstreamer for near surface applications, J. Appl. Geophys., 123, 227–241, 2015.
Dahlin, T. and Zhou, B.: Multiple-gradient array measurements for multichannel 2-D resistivity imaging, Near Surface Geophysics, 4, 113–123, 2006.
Dehls, J. F., Olesen, O., Olsen, L., and Blikra, L. H: Neotectonic faulting in northern Norway; the Stuoragurra and Nordmannvikdalen post-glacial faults, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 1447–1460, 2000.
Günther, T: Inversion methods and Resolution Analysis for the 2-D/3-D Reconstruction of Resistivity Structures from DC measurements, PhD thesis, University of Mining and Technology, Freiberg, 2004.
Günther, T. and Rücker, C.: A general approach for introducing information into inversion and examples from dc resistivity inversion, EAGE Near Surface Geophysics, Helsinki, Finland, 2006a.
Günther, T. and Rücker, C.: A new joint inversion approach applied to the combined tomography of dc resistivity and seismic refraction data, 19th Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP 2006), Seattle, USA, 2–6 April, 2006b.
Isaksson, H.: Magnetic lineaments and their relationship to ductile structures and steeply dipping fracture zones at Forsmark, Fennoscandian Shield, Sweden, International Geological Congress, Oslo, available at: http://www.cprm.gov.br/33IGC/1316395.html (last access: 7 October 2015), 2008.
Jakobsson, M., Björck, S., O'Regan, M., Flodén, T., Greenwood, S.L., Swärd, H., Lif, A., Ampel, L., Koyi, H., and Skelton, A.: Major earthquake at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Lake Vättern, southern Sweden, Geology, 42, 379–382, 2014.
Juhlin, C. and Lund, B.: Reflection seismic studies over the end-glacial Burträsk fault, SkellefteÅ, Sweden, Solid Earth, 2, 9–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-9-2011, 2011.
Juhlin, C., Dehghannejad, M., Lund, B., Malehmir, A., and Pratt, G.: Reflection seismic imaging of the end-glacial Pärvie fault system, northern Sweden, J. Appl. Geophys., 70, 307–316, 2010.
Hole, J. A.: Nonlinear high-resolution three-dimensional seismic traveltime tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6553–6562, 1992.
Hole, J. A. and Zelt, B.C.: 3-D finite-difference reflection traveltimes, Geophys. J. Int., 121, 427–434, 1995.
Kane, M. F.: A comprehensive system of terrain corrections using a digital computer, Geophysics, 27, 455–462, 1962.
Kalscheuer, T., Pedersen, L. B., and Siripunvaraporn, W.: Radiomagnetotelluric two-dimensional forward and inverse modelling accounting for displacement currents, Geophys. J. Int. 175, 486–514, 2008.
Kuivamäki, A., Vuorela, P., and Paananen, K.: Indications of postglacial and recent bedrock movements in Finland and Russian Karelia, Geolological Survey of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Report YST-99, 1998.
Lagerbäck, R. and Sundh, M.: Early Holocene faulting and paleoseismicity in northern Sweden, Tech. Rep. C836, Geological Survey of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden, 2008.
Leonard, M.: Earthquake fault scaling: self-consistent relating of rupture length, width, average displacement, and moment release, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 100, 1971–1988, 2010.
Lindblom, E., Lund, B., Tryggvason, A., Uski, M., Bödvarsson, R., Juhlin, C., and Roberts R.: Micro-earthquakes illuminate the deep structure of the end-glacial Pärvie fault, northern Sweden, Geophys. J. Int., 201, 1704–1716, 2015.
Loke, M. H.: Electrical resistivity surveys and data interpretation, in: Solid Earth Geophysics Encyclopedia, 2nd Edn. “Electrical and Electromagnetic”, edited by: Gupta, H., SpringerVerlag, the Netherlands, 276–283, 2014.
Lund, B.: Palaeoseismology of glaciated terrain, Springer Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, Springer, Berlin, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_25-1, 2015.
Lund, B., Schmidt, P., and Hieronymous, C.: Stress evolution and fault stability during the Weichselian glacial cycle, Tech. Rep. TR-09-15, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Stockholm, Sweden, available at: www.skb.se/publications, last access: 26 March 2015.
Malehmir, A., Thunehed, H., and Tryggvason A.: The Paleoproterozoic Kristineberg mining area, northern Sweden?: Results from integrated 3-D geophysical and geologic modeling, and implications for targeting ore deposits, Geophysics, 74, B9–B22, 2009.
Malehmir, A., Dahlin, P., Lundberg, E., Juhlin, C., Sjöström, H., and Högdahl, K.: Reflection seismic investigations in the Dannemora area, central Sweden: insights into the geometry of poly-phase deformation zones and magnetite-skarn deposits, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B11307, 2011.
Malehmir, A., Wang, S., Lamminen, J., Brodic, B., Bastani, M., Vaittinen, K., Juhlin, C., and Place, J.: Delineating structures controlling sandstone-hosted base-metal deposits using high-resolution multicomponent seismic and radio-magnetotelluric methods: a case study from Northern Sweden, Geophys. Prospect., 63, 774–797, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12238, 2015a.
Malehmir, A., Zhang, F., Dehgahnnejad, M., Lundberg, E., Döse, C., Friberg, O., Brodic, B., Place, J., Svensson, M., and Möller, H.: Planning of urban underground infrastructure using a broadband seismic landstreamer – Tomography results and uncertainty quantifications from a case study in southwest of Sweden, Geophysics, 80, B177–B192, 2015b.
McCalpin, J. P.: Paleoseismology, Academic Press, New York, USA, 1996.
Miller, H. G. and Singh, V. J.: Potential Field tilt – A new concept for location of potential field sources, J. Appl. Geophys., 32, 213–217, 1994.
Mikko, H., Smith, C. A, Lund, B., Ask, M., and Munier, R.: LiDAR-derived inventory of 25 post-glacial fault scarps in Sweden, J. Geol. Soc. Sweden, 137, 334–338, https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2015.1036360, 2015.
Mörner, N. A.: Active faults and paleoseismicity in Fennoscandia, especially Sweden, Primary structures and secondary effects, Tectonophysics, 380, 139–157, 2004.
Mörner, N.-A.: Paleoseismology: The application of multiple parameters in four case studies in Sweden, Quaternary Int., 242, 65–75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.03.054, 2011.
MuirWood, R.: Extraordinary deglaciation reverse faulting in northern Fennoscandia, in: Earthquakes at North-Atlantic Passive Margins: Neotectonics and Postglacial Rebound, edited by: Gregersen, S. and Basham, P. W., NATO ASI Series, Denmark, 141–173, 1989.
Olesen, O., Blikra, L. H., Braathen, A., Dehls, J. F., Olsen, L., Rise, L., Riis, F., Faleide, J. I., and Anda, E.: Neotectonic deformation in Norway and its implications: A review, Norw. J. Geol., 84, 3–34, 2004.
Olesen, O., Kierulf, H. P., Brönner, M., Dalsegg, E., Fredin, O., and Solbakk, T.: Deep weathering, neotectonics and strandflat formation in Nordland, northern Norway, Norw. J. Geol., 93, 189–213, 2013.
Paasche, H. Characterization of alluvial aquifers using geophysical techniques: Integrated surveying strategies and case studies, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 2006.
Palmer, D.: Characterizing the near surface with detailed refraction attributes, in: Advances in Near-Surface Seismology and Ground-Penetrating Radar, edited by: Miller, R. D., Bradford, J. H., and Holliger, K., Geophysical Developments Series, SEG, Tusla, USA, 15, 233–249, 2010.
Pedersen, L. B. and Engels, M.: Routine 2-D inversion of Magnetotelluric data using the determinant of the impedance tensor, Geophysics, 70, G33–G41, 2005.
Pedersen, L. B., Bastani, M., and Dynesius L.: Some characteristics of the electromagnetic field from radio transmitters in Europe, Geophysics, 71, G279–G284, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2349222, 2006.
Place, J. A. P., Malehmir, A., Högdahl, K., Juhlin, C., and Persson Nilsson, K.: Seismic characterization of the Grängesberg iron deposit and its mining-induced structures, central Sweden, Interpretation, 3, SY41–SY56, 2015.
Podvin, P. and Lecomte, I.: Finite difference computation of traveltimes in very contrasted velocity models: a massively parallel approach and its associated tools, Geophys. J. Int., 105, 271–284, 1991.
Reynolds, J. M.: An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, 2nd Edn., Wiley, 25 Chichester, UK, ISBN:978-0-471-48535-3, 2011.
Salas-Romero, S., Malehmir, A., Snowball, I., Lougheed, B. C., and Hellqvist, M.: Identifying landslide preconditions in Swedish quick clays – insights from integration of surface geophysical, core sample- and downhole-property measurements, Landslides, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0633-y, online first, 2015.
Shan, C., Bastani, M., Malehmir, A., Persson, L., and Engdahl, M.: Integrated 2-D modelling and interpretation of geophysical and geotechnical data to delineate quick clays at a landslide site in southwest Sweden, Geophysics, 79, EN61–EN75, https://doi.org/10.1190/GEO2013-0201.1, 2014.
Siripunvaraporn, W. and Egbert, G.: An efficient data-subspace inversion method for two-dimensional magnetotelluric data, Geophysics, 65, 791–803, 2000.
Smith, C., Sundh, M., and Mikko, H.: Surficial geologic evidence for early Holocene faulting and seismicity, Int. J. Earth Sci., 103, 1711–1724, 2014.
Stewart, I. S. and Hancock, P. L.: Brecciation and fracturing within neotectonic normal fault zones in the Aegean region, in: Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics, edited by: Knipe, R. J. and Rutter, E. H., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 54, 105–112, 1990.
Stummer, P., Maurer, H., and Green, A.G. Experimental design: Electrical resistivity data sets that provide optimum subsurface information, Geophysics, 69, 120–139, 2004.
SNSN: Earthquake locations, Swedish National Seismic Network, Uppsala University, Sweden, available at: www.snsn.se, last access: August 2015.
Sukotjo, S. and Sträng, T.: Bedrock Map 14G Ockelbo NO, scale 1 : 50 000, Geological Survey of Sweden, Helsinki, Finland, K22, 2005.
Tryggvason, A. and Bergman, B.: A travel time reciprocity inaccuracy in the time 3d finite difference algorithm by Podvin and Lecomte, Geophys. J. Int., 165, 432–435, 2006.
Tryggvason A., Rögnvaldsson, S. T., and Flovenz, Ó. G.: Three dimensional imaging of P- and S-wave velocity structure and earthquake locations beneath southwest Iceland, Geophys. J. Int., 151, 848–866, 2002.
Wu, P., Johnston, P., and Lambeck, K.: Postglacial rebound and fault instability in Fennoscandia, Geophys. J. Int., 139, 657–670, 1999.
Short summary
Glacially induced intraplate faults are conspicuous and confined to northern parts of Fennoscandia. Here we report a multidisciplinary geophysical investigation delineating the newly inferred lidar imagery data from the Bollnäs post-glacial fault in central Sweden. The geophysical data consistently support the presence of a fault in the crystalline basement associated with an earlier structure, possibly a deformation zone that reactive after the Weichselian deglaciation.
Glacially induced intraplate faults are conspicuous and confined to northern parts of...
